TWI829619B - 聚乳酸樹脂組成物及包含其之成形製品 - Google Patents
聚乳酸樹脂組成物及包含其之成形製品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI829619B TWI829619B TW106104096A TW106104096A TWI829619B TW I829619 B TWI829619 B TW I829619B TW 106104096 A TW106104096 A TW 106104096A TW 106104096 A TW106104096 A TW 106104096A TW I829619 B TWI829619 B TW I829619B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- polylactic acid
- acid resin
- resin composition
- repeating units
- weight
- Prior art date
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- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical group 0.000 claims description 49
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 diisocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001432 poly(L-lactide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 4511-42-6 Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BOZRCGLDOHDZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexanoic acid;tin Chemical compound [Sn].CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O BOZRCGLDOHDZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWXUGNUFCNYMFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl citrate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O WWXUGNUFCNYMFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- SDVVCEXZGFHIER-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)OCCCCCCCC.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)OCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)OCCCCCCCC.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)OCCCCCCCC SDVVCEXZGFHIER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INVJISLEEFJTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1.N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1.N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O INVJISLEEFJTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000157855 Cinchona Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOWAEIGWURALJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexyl phthalate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)OC2CCCCC2)C=1C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 VOWAEIGWURALJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEHDRDVHPTWWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioctyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC NEHDRDVHPTWWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQBRAHLFLCMLBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 UQBRAHLFLCMLBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CGSLYBDCEGBZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octicizer Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CGSLYBDCEGBZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N Ricinolsaeure-methylester Natural products CCCCCC[C@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylbenzene;isocyanic acid Chemical class N=C=O.N=C=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006167 biodegradable resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZDWGXBPVPXVXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC ZDWGXBPVPXVXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- JYGFTBXVXVMTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolin-2-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 JYGFTBXVXVMTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindolin-1-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)NCC2=C1 PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YAFOVCNAQTZDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(OCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 YAFOVCNAQTZDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIGMITQLXAGZTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC IIGMITQLXAGZTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOQRZWSWPNIGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCC MOQRZWSWPNIGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003410 quininyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCC(O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
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Abstract
本發明係有關一聚乳酸樹脂組成物及一使用其之成形製品。由於本發明之聚乳酸樹脂組成物具有極佳之環境親和性與生物降解性、因高的熱變形溫度(HDT)而具有極佳耐熱特性、及因高的結晶性與結晶速率而可在商業上合理循環時間內注射成形,其適於成形製品之製備。
Description
本發明係有關一聚乳酸樹脂組成物及一包含其之成形製品。
原油系樹脂,如聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET)、耐綸、聚烯烴、或可撓性聚氯乙烯(PVC),已廣泛作為各類應用材料,如包裝材料。然而,由於原油系樹脂無法生物降解,其在處理時會導致環境污染,例如,散發大量二氧化碳,其為全球暖化氣體。同時,聚乳酸樹脂之潛在用途係作為生質系生物降解性樹脂,由於石油資源逐漸枯竭,其正被廣泛審視。
然而,當以聚乳酸樹脂用於注射成形應用時,該方法之生產率降低,係因聚乳酸樹脂本身之低結晶性與緩慢結晶速率,由於彼等性質降低耐熱性(熱變形溫度(HDT):55°C)且增加從模具中萃取所需之時間,導致整體循環時間增加。
欲解決上述限制,習知方法為HDT增至100°C或以上,其係藉由通過以聚-D-乳酸(PDLA)樹脂作為成核劑導入聚乳酸樹脂而最大化結晶作用。即使採用此方法,由於商業應用中結晶速率仍低,於注射成形期間循環時間增加。
欲解決此問題,藉由將成核劑與塑化劑導入聚乳酸樹脂以增加結晶速率,但發生塑化劑自注射成形物品滲出,且未達到所欲快速結晶功效。
因此,作為替代方案,近來提出共聚合聚乳酸(PLA),其中撓性組分係導入PLA分子結構(參見韓國專利申請公開號2013-0135758)。特別的是,關於PLA共聚物,其中聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元係經導入,由於可確保所欲撓性而不減少分子量且因導入撓性組分而不滲出塑化劑,PLA共聚物因其技術或商業價值而受重視。
由於具有聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之撓性PLA共聚物包括以一軟段作為其內之塑化劑,結晶速率比常規一般PLA樹脂的更快,但仍需開發具有更高結晶性及更快結晶速率之PLA樹脂,以在商業上將PLA樹脂用於注射成形應用。
技術問題 因此,本發明之目的在於提供一聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其因高的熱變形溫度(HDT)而呈現極佳耐熱性且因高的結晶性與結晶速率而在商業上可用於注射成形。同時,本發明之目的在於提供一成形製品,包括聚乳酸樹脂組成物。問題解決方案
欲達成上述目的,本發明提供一聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其包含一聚乳酸樹脂,包括一硬段,其包括一由式1表示之聚乳酸重複單元,以及一軟段,其包括一聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元,其中由式2表示之聚醚系多元醇重複單元係以線性方式經由一胺甲酸酯鍵連接;一聚-D-乳酸(PDLA)樹脂以作為成核劑;以及滑石: [式1][式2]其中,於式1中,n為700至5,000之整數;以及 於式2中,A為具2至5個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈伸烷基(alkylene group),且m為10至100之整數。
此外,本發明提供一成形製品,其包括聚乳酸樹脂組成物。本發明之有益效果
由於本發明之聚乳酸樹脂組成物具有極佳之環境親和性與生物降解性、因高的熱變形溫度(HDT)而呈現極佳耐熱特性、及因高的結晶性與結晶速率而可在商業上合理循環時間內注射成形,其適於成形製品之製備。
進行本發明之最佳模式 以下將詳盡說明本發明。聚乳酸樹脂
本發明之聚乳酸樹脂組成物包含一聚乳酸樹脂,包括一硬段,其包括一由下式1表示之聚乳酸重複單元,以及一軟段,其包括一聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元,其中由下式2表示之聚醚系多元醇重複單元係以線性方式經由一胺甲酸酯鍵連接;一聚-D-乳酸(PDLA)樹脂以作為成核劑;以及滑石: [式1][式2]其中,於式1中,n為700至5,000之整數;以及 於式2中,A為具2至5個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈伸烷基,且m為10至100之整數。
聚乳酸樹脂包括一硬段,其包括一由下式1表示之聚乳酸重複單元,以及一軟段,其包括一聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元,其中由下式2表示之聚醚系多元醇重複單元係以線性方式經由一胺甲酸酯鍵(-C(=O)-NH-)連接。聚乳酸樹脂可為嵌段共聚物,其包括硬段及軟段。特別的是,聚乳酸樹脂為嵌段共聚物,其中包括於硬段之聚乳酸重複單元之一末端羧基與聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之一末端羥基係經由一酯鍵連接。
依據本發明實施例之聚乳酸樹脂,包括於硬段之式1聚乳酸重複單元可為聚-L-乳酸重複單元(參見下式1a)、聚-D-乳酸重複單元(參見下式1b)、或彼等共聚合之重複單元。特別的是,式1聚乳酸重複單元可為聚-L-乳酸重複單元。 [式1a][式1b]其中,於式1a與1b中,p與q為1或以上之整數,其表示重複單元數。
聚-L-乳酸重複單元可衍生自下式3a之L-丙交酯或L-乳酸,且聚-D-乳酸重複單元可衍生自下式3b之D-丙交酯或D-乳酸。 [式3a][式3b]
聚乳酸重複單元,其中聚-L-乳酸重複單元與聚-D-乳酸重複單元係共聚合,舉例而言,可為雜排或雜聯共聚合重複單元,其中不存在特殊立體規則性(stereoregularity)或立體構造規整性(tacticity)。
本發明之聚乳酸樹脂可具有生質系樹脂特異性生物降解性,其基本上係藉由包括聚乳酸重複單元以作為硬段,以及,藉由包括聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元以作為軟段,得自聚乳酸樹脂之物品的撓性可同時明顯改進。同時,由於硬段與軟段係結合成嵌段共聚物,可使軟段滲出現象最小化,且藉由添加軟段,可明顯降低得自樹脂之物品的耐濕性、機械性質、耐熱性、透明度、或霧度特性的減少。
依據本發明實施例之聚乳酸樹脂可包括65重量%至95重量%之上述硬段與5重量%至35重量%之軟段,具體地80重量%至95重量%之硬段與5重量%至20重量%之軟段,且更具體地82重量%至94重量%之硬段與6重量%至18重量%之軟段,其係以聚乳酸樹脂之總重量為基準。
當硬段之量落於上述範圍內時,聚乳酸樹脂之分子量性質可更好(例如,可得到相對高的分子量及窄的分子量分佈),且所得之成形製品機械性質可更好。同時,當軟段之量落於上述範圍內時,於注射成形期間可確保聚乳酸樹脂之撓性,且由於聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元足以扮演作為聚合作用起始劑之角色,可展現極佳之分子量性質。
包括於軟段之聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元具有一結構,其中式2聚醚系多元醇重複單元係以線性方式經由一胺甲酸酯鍵(-C(=O)-NH-)連接。特別的是,聚醚系多元醇重複單元係藉由單體如伸烷基氧化物(alkylene oxide)之開環(共)聚合作用取得,其中聚醚系多元醇重複單元具有末端羥基。上述末端羥基可與二異氰酸酯化合物之異氰酸酯基反應以形成胺甲酸酯鍵,且聚醚系多元醇重複單元可以線性方式經由胺甲酸酯鍵連接彼此,以形成聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元。
聚醚系多元醇重複單元可與二異氰酸酯化合物反應,以便聚醚系多元醇重複單元之末端羥基與二異氰酸酯化合物之異氰酸酯基的莫耳比率範圍為1:0.50至1:0.99,因此,可形成聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元。特別的是,莫耳比率範圍可為1:0.60至1:0.90,例如,1:0.70至1:0.85。
聚醚系多元醇重複單元,舉例而言,可為聚醚系多元醇(共)聚合物之重複單元,其係藉由至少一伸烷基氧化物之開環(共)聚合作用取得。伸烷基氧化物之範例可為伸乙基氧化物、伸丙基氧化物、伸丁基氧化物、或四氫呋喃。
由其獲得之聚醚系多元醇重複單元之範例可為聚乙二醇(PEG)之重複單元;聚(1,2-丙二醇)之重複單元;聚(1,3-丙二醇)之重複單元;聚四亞甲基二醇之重複單元;聚丁二醇之重複單元;由丙烯氧化物與四氫呋喃共聚合之多元醇重複單元;由乙烯氧化物與四氫呋喃共聚合之多元醇重複單元;或者由乙烯氧化物與丙烯氧化物共聚合之多元醇重複單元。
考慮到提供撓性予聚乳酸樹脂物品、親和性予聚乳酸重複單元、及保濕性質,聚(1,3-丙二醇)之重複單元或聚四亞甲基二醇之重複單元可作為聚醚系多元醇重複單元。
同時,聚醚系多元醇重複單元之數均分子量(Mn)可為1,000至100,000,舉例而言,10,000至50,000。若聚醚系多元醇重複單元之分子量過大或過小,則聚乳酸樹脂之分子量性質可能劣化,因此,得自聚乳酸樹脂之物品的撓性、機械性質、及耐熱性可能降低。
此外,二異氰酸酯化合物,其可藉由鍵結至聚醚系多元醇重複單元之末端羥基以形成胺甲酸酯鍵,可為任意之分子內具二異氰酸酯基之化合物。
二異氰酸酯化合物之範例可為1,6-六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二異氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二異氰酸酯、1,3-二甲苯二異氰酸酯、1,4-二甲苯二異氰酸酯、1,5-萘二異氰酸酯、間伸苯基二異氰酸酯、對伸苯基二異氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯、4,4'-雙伸苯基二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、異佛酮二異氰酸酯、或氫化二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯。此外,可使用本領域技術人員習知之各其他二異氰酸酯化合物而未有任何侷限。
聚乳酸樹脂之量可包括於60重量%至95重量%,舉例而言,80重量%至95重量%,其係以聚乳酸樹脂組成物之總重量為基準。當聚乳酸樹脂之量落於上述範圍內時,可改進聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其包括聚乳酸樹脂,之熱變形溫度與結晶性,而不降低機械性質、耐熱性、抗黏著性(blocking resistance)、及透明度。成核劑
本發明之聚乳酸樹脂組成物包含聚-D-乳酸(PDLA)樹脂及滑石作為成核劑。
聚-D-乳酸樹脂之重均分子量(Mw)可為100,000至400,000,舉例而言,100,000至320,000。
聚-D-乳酸樹脂之量可包括於1重量%至20重量%,舉例而言,1重量%至10重量%,其係以聚乳酸樹脂組成物之總重量為基準。當重均分子量(Mw)與聚-D-乳酸樹脂之量落於上述範圍內時,可進一步改進聚乳酸樹脂組成物之耐熱性與結晶性。
滑石之平均粒徑可為0.5 μm至2.5 μm,舉例而言,0.5 μm至1.5 μm。
滑石之量可包括於1重量%至20重量%,舉例而言,1重量%至15重量%,其係以聚乳酸樹脂組成物之總重量為基準。當滑石之量落於上述範圍內時, 可進一步改進聚乳酸樹脂組成物之結晶性。額外組分
包括於聚乳酸樹脂組成物之所有聚乳酸重複單元無需具有嵌段共聚物鍵結至聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元的組態,且至少一些聚乳酸重複單元可具有聚乳酸樹脂未鍵結至聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元的組態。於此情況下,聚乳酸樹脂組成物可包括上述嵌段共聚物及未鍵結至聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之單一聚乳酸樹脂。
聚乳酸樹脂組成物可進一步包括磷系安定劑及/或抗氧化劑,以在其製備過程中抑制軟段的氧化或熱分解。
磷系安定劑與抗氧化劑之每一者可適當地選自於本領域中典型上使用者。抗氧化劑之範例可為受阻 酚系抗氧化劑、胺系抗氧化劑、硫系抗氧化劑、或亞磷酸系抗氧化劑。
除了安定劑與抗氧化劑,聚乳酸樹脂組成物可進一步包括各添加劑,如塑化劑、紫外線安定劑、遮色劑(color blocking agent)、防光劑(anti-gloss agent)、脫臭劑、滯焰劑、抗風化劑、抗靜電劑、脫離劑(releasing agent)、氧化抑制劑、離子交換劑、著色顏料、及無機或有機顆粒,該量不會對樹脂之物理性質產生負面影響。
塑化劑之範例可為鄰苯二甲酸酯塑化劑,如鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯、鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯、及鄰苯二甲酸二環己酯;脂族二元酸酯塑化劑,如己二酸二-1-丁酯、己二酸二正辛酯、癸二酸二正辛酯、及壬二酸二-2-乙基己酯;磷酸酯塑化劑,如磷酸二苯基-2-乙基己酯及磷酸二苯基辛酯;多羥基羧酸酯塑化劑,如乙醯檸檬酸三丁酯、乙醯檸檬酸三-2-乙基己酯、及乙醯檸檬酸酯;脂族酯塑化劑,如乙醯蓖麻油酸甲酯及硬脂酸戊酯;多元醇酯塑化劑,如甘油三醋酸酯;或者環氧塑化劑,如環氧化大豆油、環氧化亞麻籽油脂肪酸丁酯、及環氧化硬脂酸辛酯。
此外,著色顏料之範例可為無機顏料,如碳黑、氧化鈦、氧化鋅、及氧化鐵;或者有機顏料,如花青(cyanines)、磷、奎寧(quinines)、百里香酮(perinones)、異吲哚啉酮(isoindolinones)、及硫靛(thioindigos)。物理性質
本發明之聚乳酸樹脂(嵌段共聚物)可具相當窄的分子量分佈及相當大的分子量。
聚乳酸樹脂之數均分子量(Mn)可為50,000至200,000,舉例而言,50,000至150,000,且重均分子量(Mw)可為100,000至400,000,舉例而言,100,000至320,000。當Mn與Mw落於上述範圍內時,由原料樹脂所得物品之機械性質可更佳。
同時,聚乳酸樹脂之分子量分佈(Mw/Mn),其定義為Mw與Mn之比率,可為1.60至2.30,舉例而言,1.80至2.20。當分子量分佈落於上述範圍內時,原料樹脂可易於注射成形,且由其取得之成形製品可展現極佳之機械性質。
聚乳酸樹脂之玻璃轉變溫度(Tg)可為20°C至80°C,舉例而言,30°C至70°C。由具上述Tg範圍之聚乳酸樹脂模塑之成形製品的撓性或剛性(stiffness)係更佳。
此外,聚乳酸樹脂之熔化溫度(Tm)可為150°C至180°C,舉例而言,160°C至180°C。當Tm落於上述範圍內時,可進一步改進原料樹脂之加工特性及耐熱性。
同時,聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其包括聚乳酸樹脂與成核劑(聚-D-乳酸樹脂、滑石)之熱變形溫度(HDT)可為100°C或以上。
本發明提供一成形製品,其包括聚乳酸樹脂組成物。特別的是,聚乳酸樹脂組成物可適於注射成形製品之製備。
此外,含有聚乳酸樹脂組成物之成形製品可藉由一系列方法製備,包括注射成形法。特別的是,聚乳酸樹脂組成物可藉由在100°C至150°C下冷卻10秒至35秒自動地注射成形,且所製備之成形製品之熱變形溫度(HDT)可為100°C至150°C。
如上述,由於本發明之聚乳酸樹脂組成物具有極佳之環境親和性與生物降解性、因高的熱變形溫度(HDT)而具有極佳耐熱性、及因高的結晶性與結晶速率而可在商業上合理循環時間內注射成形,其適於成形製品之製備。製備方法
一製備本發明聚乳酸樹脂組成物之聚乳酸樹脂的方法如下。製備聚乳酸樹脂( 嵌段共聚物) 之方法
聚乳酸樹脂製備方法之步驟包括:開環(共)聚合至少一單體,如伸烷基氧化物,以形成具有聚醚系多元醇重複單元之(共)聚合物;於觸媒存在下反應(共)聚合物與二異氰酸酯化合物,以形成具有聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之(共)聚合物;以及於具有聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之(共)聚合物存在下聚縮合乳酸(D-乳酸或L-乳酸)或開環聚合丙交酯(D-丙交酯或L-丙交酯)。
以下將更詳盡描述本發明聚乳酸樹脂之製備方法。
首先,具有聚醚系多元醇重複單元之(共)聚合物係藉由至少一單體,如伸烷基氧化物,之開環(共)聚合作用製備,其中此可依據製備聚醚系多元醇(共)聚合物之典型方法進行。
之後,將具有聚醚系多元醇重複單元、二異氰酸酯化合物、及脲烷反應觸媒之(共)聚合物填入反應器,並進行脲烷反應,同時加熱攪拌。藉由此反應,將二異氰酸酯化合物的二個異氰酸酯基與(共)聚合物的末端羥基結合,形成胺甲酸酯鍵。其結果為,具有聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之(共)聚合物可形成一組態,其中聚醚系多元醇重複單元係以線性方式經由胺甲酸酯鍵連接,且此涵蓋於上述聚乳酸樹脂之軟段。
脲烷反應可於常規錫(Sn)系觸媒存在下進行,舉例而言,辛酸亞錫(錫(II) 2-乙基己酸酯)、二月桂酸二丁基錫、或二月桂酸二辛基錫。同時,脲烷反應可於典型反應條件下進行,以製備聚脲烷樹脂。舉例而言,二異氰酸酯化合物與聚醚系多元醇(共)聚合物係於氮氣環境下添加,且反應可隨即藉由添加脲烷反應觸媒,於反應溫度70ºC至80°C下進行1小時至5小時,以製備具有聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之(共)聚合物。
隨後,於具有聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之(共)聚合物存在下進行乳酸(D-或L-乳酸)聚縮合作用或丙交酯(D-或L-丙交酯)開環聚合作用時,形成聚乳酸重複單元,可製成包括分別以聚乳酸重複單元作為硬段及以聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元作為軟段的聚乳酸樹脂嵌段共聚物。
丙交酯開環聚合作用可於金屬觸媒存在下進行,包括鹼土金屬、稀土金屬、過渡金屬、鋁、鍺、錫、或銻。特別的是,金屬觸媒之形式可為羧酸鹽、烷氧化物、鹵化物、氧化物、或彼等金屬之碳酸鹽。舉例而言,辛酸亞錫、四異丙氧化鈦、或三異丙氧化鋁可用作金屬觸媒。
聚乳酸樹脂組成物可藉由混合上述製備之聚乳酸樹脂與成核劑而形成。特別的是,聚乳酸樹脂組成物可藉由混合聚乳酸樹脂與成核劑及於180ºC至200°C之裝置中,如雙螺桿擠出機(twin-screw extruder),調配該混合物的方式形成。本發明模式 範例
以下將以範例更詳盡解釋本發明。下列範例係旨在進一步說明本發明而非侷限其範疇。[ 原料]
- 樹脂A (撓性PLA樹脂):f-PLLA,SK Chemicals - 樹脂B (一般PLLA樹脂):PLA 3251D,NatureWorks LLC - 樹脂C (第一成核劑:PDLA樹脂):將6 g之1-十二醇與4 kg之D-丙交酯加入8 ℓ反應器,其配備氮氣入口管、攪拌器、觸媒入口、流出冷凝器、及真空系統,且進行五次氮氣沖洗。藉由增加混合物溫度至150°C,完全溶解D-丙交酯,並以120 ppmw之錫(II) 2-乙基己酸酯作為觸媒,於500 ml之甲苯中蒸餾,且通過觸媒入口加入反應器。隨後,反應係於氮氣壓力1 kg 與185°C下進行2小時,通過觸媒入口將200 ppmw之磷酸加入,之後混合15分鐘,使殘餘的觸媒失活。藉由移除未經反應之D-丙交酯以得樹脂C (PDLA樹脂),其係經由真空反應直到壓力達到0.5托。 - 滑石(第二成核劑):平均粒徑1.0 μm
利用下列方法測定樹脂A、B、及C之玻璃轉變溫度(Tg)、熔化溫度(Tm)、數均分子量(Mn)、及重均分子量(Mw),其結果顯示於下表1。 (1) 重均分子量(Mw)與數均分子量(Mn)
聚乳酸樹脂以濃度0.25重量%溶於氯仿,利用凝膠滲透層析法(製自Viscotek TDA 305,管柱:Shodex LF804*2ea)測定Mw與Mn,並以聚苯乙烯作為標準品材料,計算重均分子量(Mw)與數均分子量(Mn)。 (2) 玻璃轉變溫度(Tg,°C)
於樣本熔化與驟冷後,以示差掃瞄熱量分析儀(differential scanning calorimeter;TA Instruments)測定其玻璃轉變溫度,其中以每分鐘10°C之速率增加樣本溫度。以吸熱曲線(endothermic curve)之各切線中間值與基線決定Tg。 (3) 熔化溫度(Tm,°C)
於樣本熔化與驟冷後,以示差掃瞄熱量分析儀(TA Instruments)測定其熔化溫度,其中以每分鐘10°C之速率增加樣本溫度。Tm係以晶體吸熱熔化尖峰(endothermic melting peak)之最大溫度值決定。 [表1][ 範例] 範例1 與2 及比較例1 與2 :聚乳酸樹脂組成物之製備
樹脂A、B、及C,及/或滑石以下表2所列之量(重量%)混合,並於200ºC下以雙螺桿擠出機(Toshiba機械)調配,製備聚乳酸樹脂組成物。實驗例
將範例及比較例製備之聚乳酸樹脂組成物分別導入注射成形機(Victory 80,Engel),之後注射成形物品於110°C下結晶,以製備樣本。於此情況中,樣本係製成具備依下列測定標準之不同大小。同時,將各注射成形物品自動注射所需之時間定為冷卻時間。(1) 抗拉強度 (kgf/cm2
) 測定
各樣本之抗拉強度係依據ASTM D638測定,其係使用普遍測試機器(UTM,INSTRON)。以5次測試之平均值作為結果值。(2) 拉伸伸長(%) 測定
各樣本之拉伸伸長係依據ASTM D638測定,其係使用普遍測試機器(UTM,INSTRON)。以5次測試之平均值作為結果值。(3) 衝擊強度(J/m) 測定
於切開厚度1/8英吋之樣本後,各樣本之切口Izod衝擊強度係於室溫下(23°C)依據ASTM D256測定。(4) 熱變形溫度(HDT ,°C) 測定
各樣本之熱變形溫度係依據ASTM D648測定。其結果顯示於下表2。 [表2]
參考表2結果,關於範例1與2,其包括撓性 PLA樹脂,可以確認的是,於注射成形期間,冷卻時間減少,即使加入小量PDLA成核劑亦然。同時,可以確認的是,由於抗拉強度、伸長、衝擊強度、及HDT之值改進,機械性質與耐熱性明顯改進。相反地,關於比較例1與2,其包括一般PLA樹脂(一般PLLA樹脂),可以確認的是,冷卻時間比範例的長,且機械性質與耐熱性兩者皆差。[ 參考例] 參考例1 至4 :聚乳酸樹脂混合物之製備
樹脂A、B、及/或C以下表3所列之量(重量%)混合(關於參考例3,進一步添加聚乙二醇(PEG)作為塑化劑),並於200ºC下以雙螺桿擠出機(Toshiba機械)調配,製備聚乳酸樹脂混合物。參考實驗例
將參考例製備之聚乳酸樹脂混合物分別導入注射成形機(Victory 80,Engel),之後注射成形物品於110°C下結晶,以製備樣本。於此情況中,樣本係製成具備依下列測定標準之不同大小。同時,將各注射成形物品自動注射所需之時間定為冷卻時間。(1) 結晶半衰期之測定
利用示差掃瞄熱量分析儀(DSC)測定參考例1至4所製備聚乳酸樹脂混合物之結晶半衰期。特別的是,各聚乳酸樹脂混合物係於上述熔化溫度(Tm)下熔化。之後,各混合物係於100°C、110°C、120°C、及130°C下驟冷,之後取得結晶尖峰開始與結束間之中間值(反曲點),而溫度於各溫度下保持等溫,且中間值(反曲點)定義為結晶半衰期。(2) 熱變形溫度(HDT ,°C) 之測定
各樣本之熱變形溫度係依據ASTM D648測定。(3) 滲出之評估
樣本保存於80°C熱氣烘箱內24小時後,評估塑化劑之滲出。當樣本表面觀察到黏性時,以“ⅹ”表示,且當未觀察到黏性時,以“○”表示。(4) 注射成形性之評估
當抗拉樣本以參考例1至4所製備之聚乳酸樹脂混合物導入注射成形機而注射成形時,藉由檢查自動注射(以“A”表示)冷卻時間及半自動注射(以“1/2”表示)冷卻時間,比較結晶速率,之後於110°C下使注射成形物品結晶。於此情況下,空白處代表注射失敗。
測定結果分別以下表3與4表示。 [表3]
[表4]
參考表3與4之結果,可以確認的是,結晶速率增加,且當PDLA成核劑之量增加時,HDT值改進。
特別的是,可以確認的是,相較於含有一般PLA (參考例3)之聚乳酸樹脂,含有撓性PLA之聚乳酸樹脂(參考例1)之結晶速率增加2至3倍,即使PDLA以5%之小量添加時亦然。同時,可以確認的是,參考例1之HDT值比含有一般PLA之聚乳酸樹脂(參考例3與4)的大。特別的是,參考例4之HDT值因進一步包括塑化劑(PEG)而略微增加,但由於參考例4之HDT值小於參考例1之HDT值,可以理解的是,耐熱性比參考例1的差。同時,以肉眼觀察辨別塑化劑之滲出。
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Claims (10)
- 一種聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其包含:一聚乳酸樹脂,包括一硬段,其包括一由式1表示之聚乳酸重複單元,以及一軟段,其包括一聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元,其中由式2表示之聚醚系多元醇重複單元係以線性方式經由一胺甲酸酯鍵連接,其中該聚乳酸樹脂係一嵌段共聚物,其中包括於該硬段之該聚乳酸重複單元之一末端羧基與該聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元之一末端羥基係經由一酯鍵連接;一聚-D-乳酸(PDLA)樹脂以作為成核劑;以及滑石:
- 如請求項1之聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其中該聚乳酸樹脂之數均分子量為50,000至200,000且重均分子量為100,000至400,000。
- 如請求項1之聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其中該聚乳酸樹脂之玻璃轉變溫度(Tg)為20℃至80℃且熔化溫度(Tm)為150℃至180℃。
- 如請求項1之聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其中該聚乳酸樹脂包含65重量%至95重量%之該硬段及5重量%至35重量%之該軟段。
- 如請求項1之聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其中該聚乳酸重複單元係一聚-L-乳酸重複單元。
- 如請求項1之聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其中該聚胺甲酸酯多元醇重複單元係以線性方式經由一胺甲酸酯鍵連接,其係利用該聚醚系多元醇重複單元之一末端羥基與二異氰酸酯化合物之一異氰酸酯基的反應形成。
- 如請求項6之聚乳酸樹脂組成物,其中該聚醚系多元醇重複單元之該末端羥基與該二異氰酸酯化合物之該異氰酸酯基的反應莫耳比率範圍為1:0.50至1:0.99。
- 一種成形製品,其包含如請求項1之聚乳酸樹脂組成物。
- 如請求項8之成形製品,其中該成形製品係藉由在溫度100℃至150℃下冷卻10秒至35秒來自動注射成形。
- 如請求項8之成形製品,其中該成形製品之熱變形溫度為100℃至150℃。
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