TWI818519B - Aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity properties and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity properties and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005088 metallography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001803 electron scattering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silicide Chemical compound [Mg]=[Si]=[Mg] YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZADYMNAVLSWLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+4] ZADYMNAVLSWLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum iron silicon Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021338 magnesium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
Abstract
本發明公開了一種力學與電導熱導性能優良的鋁合金及其製造方法，其中該鋁合金包括0.33~0.37 wt%的矽元素、0.45~0.55 wt%的鎂元素、以及0.07~0.15 wt%的鐵元素，並且其餘含量為鋁元素。該鎂元素相比於該矽元素與三分之一該鐵元素的差值的質量比例介於1.45~1.75。本發明會通過元素的成分設計和缺陷控制，使鋁合金的力學性能與電導率及熱導率的指標達到綜合平衡，以符合電機轉子或其它應用的性能需求。The invention discloses an aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity and a manufacturing method thereof. The aluminum alloy includes 0.33~0.37 wt% silicon element, 0.45~0.55 wt% magnesium element, and 0.07~0.15 wt% iron, and the remaining content is aluminum. The mass ratio of the magnesium element to the difference between the silicon element and one-third of the iron element is between 1.45 and 1.75. This invention will achieve a comprehensive balance between the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity indicators of the aluminum alloy through element composition design and defect control to meet the performance requirements of motor rotors or other applications.
Description
本發明涉及一種鋁合金及其製造方法，特別是有關一種具有優良力學與電導熱導性能的鋁合金及其製造方法。The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to an aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity properties and a manufacturing method thereof.
鋁的電導能力和熱導能力在金屬中僅次於銀、銅、金。鋁與銀、銅、金相比，不僅存在資源豐富且成本低廉的優勢，而且也是單位重量熱導及電導能力最強的金屬，輕量化優勢十分明顯。同時，鋁及鋁合金可以適用鑄、軋、擠、鍛、拔、鉚、焊等各種加工、成型、連接製程。在應用鋁及鋁合金的熱導、電導、無磁等功能屬性時，往往都必須附有一定的力學性能和工藝性能要求，才能滿足真正的工業化設計要求。因此，世界上存有多種電導用鋁合金的標準，也有很多新的電導鋁合金被發明。傳統鋁合金難以兼顧高電導率和高屈服強度的特性，意即高電導率的傳統鋁合金具有較低的屈服強度，高屈服強度的傳統鋁合金則具有較低的電導率。歐美的新能源汽車在鋁合金內加入稀土元素來提升其電導率與屈服強度，然而具有成本昂貴且製造困難的缺點。Aluminum's electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are second only to silver, copper, and gold among metals. Compared with silver, copper, and gold, aluminum not only has the advantages of abundant resources and low cost, but it is also the metal with the strongest thermal and electrical conductivity per unit weight, and its lightweight advantage is very obvious. At the same time, aluminum and aluminum alloys can be applied to various processing, forming, and connecting processes such as casting, rolling, extrusion, forging, drawing, riveting, and welding. When applying the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, non-magnetic and other functional properties of aluminum and aluminum alloys, certain mechanical properties and process performance requirements must be attached to meet the real industrial design requirements. Therefore, there are many standards for conductive aluminum alloys in the world, and many new conductive aluminum alloys have been invented. It is difficult for traditional aluminum alloys to balance the characteristics of high electrical conductivity and high yield strength. This means that traditional aluminum alloys with high electrical conductivity have low yield strength, and traditional aluminum alloys with high yield strength have low electrical conductivity. New energy vehicles in Europe and the United States add rare earth elements to aluminum alloys to improve their electrical conductivity and yield strength. However, they have the disadvantages of being expensive and difficult to manufacture.
本發明涉及一種具有優良力學與電導熱導性能的鋁合金及其製造方法，以解決上述之問題。 本發明進一步公開一種力學與電導熱導性能優良的鋁合金，其鋁合金包括0.33~0.37 wt%的矽元素、0.45~0.55 wt%的鎂元素、以及0.07~0.15 wt%的鐵元素，並且其餘含量為鋁元素。該鎂元素相比於該矽元素與三分之一該鐵元素的差值的比例介於1.45~1.75。 本發明還公開該鋁合金另包括小於或等於0.03 wt%的鎵元素、小於或等於0.03 wt%的鋅元素、小於或等於0.01 wt%的錳元素、小於或等於0.01 wt%的鈦元素、小於或等於0.001 wt%的鈉元素、小於或等於0.0002 wt%的鋰元素、小於或等於0.015 wt%的該錳元素、釩元素與鉻元素的總和、小於或等於0.01 wt%的其它元素、並且上述該些元素的總和在該鋁合金中的含量小於或等於0.1 wt%。 本發明還公開該鋁合金之電導率大於或等於34 mS/m，該鋁合金之熱導率大於或等於220 W/m.K，該鋁合金之屈服強度大於或等於80 MPa，該鋁合金之延伸率大於或等於10%，該鋁合金之硬度值大於或等於40 HBS。 本發明還公開一種力學與電導熱導性能優良的鋁合金的製造方法，其包括將具有預設比例的鋁元素和矽元素進行熔煉，加入具有預設重量的鎂元素，以及保溫並攪拌以執行離心或高溫鑄造從而取得該鋁合金。 本發明還公開該製造方法進一步包括以攝氏740~770度熔煉具有該預設比例的該鋁元素和該矽元素，檢測且調整該鋁合金的該矽元素與鐵元素的含量分別介於0.33~0.37 wt%及0.07~0.15 wt%，檢測且調整該鋁合金的該鎂元素的含量介於0.45~0.55 wt%，以及檢測且調整該鎂元素相比於該矽元素與三分之一該鐵元素的差值的質量比例介於1.45~1.75。 本發明的鋁合金的力學性能與電導率及熱導率主要取決於其合金成分、金相組織以及合金潔淨度。合金材料的晶體缺陷越多，晶格的畸變越大，位錯阻力也越大，使合金材料的強度提高。但是晶體缺陷越多，組織缺陷也越多，合金潔淨度降低會增加電子散射率，造成電導率與熱導率下降。因此，本發明會通過元素的成分設計和缺陷控制，使鋁合金的力學性能與電導率及熱導率的指標達到綜合平衡，以符合電機轉子或其它應用的性能需求。 The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical and electrical and thermal conductivity properties and a manufacturing method thereof, in order to solve the above problems. The invention further discloses an aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity. The aluminum alloy includes 0.33~0.37 wt% silicon element, 0.45~0.55 wt% magnesium element, and 0.07~0.15 wt% iron element, and the remaining The content is aluminum. The ratio of the magnesium element to the difference between the silicon element and one-third of the iron element is between 1.45 and 1.75. The invention also discloses that the aluminum alloy further includes less than or equal to 0.03 wt% gallium element, less than or equal to 0.03 wt% zinc element, less than or equal to 0.01 wt% manganese element, less than or equal to 0.01 wt% titanium element, less than or equal to 0.001 wt% of sodium, less than or equal to 0.0002 wt% of lithium, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of manganese, the sum of vanadium and chromium, less than or equal to 0.01 wt% of other elements, and the above The total content of these elements in the aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%. The invention also discloses that the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 34 mS/m, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 220 W/m.K, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 80 MPa, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy The rate is greater than or equal to 10%, and the hardness value of the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 40 HBS. The invention also discloses a method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity, which includes smelting aluminum elements and silicon elements with a preset ratio, adding magnesium elements with a preset weight, and maintaining heat and stirring to perform The aluminum alloy is obtained by centrifugal or high-temperature casting. The invention also discloses that the manufacturing method further includes melting the aluminum element and the silicon element with the preset ratio at 740 to 770 degrees Celsius, detecting and adjusting the content of the silicon element and iron element in the aluminum alloy to be between 0.33 and 0.33, respectively. 0.37 wt% and 0.07~0.15 wt%, detecting and adjusting the magnesium element content of the aluminum alloy between 0.45~0.55 wt%, and detecting and adjusting the magnesium element compared to the silicon element and one-third of the iron The mass ratio of the element difference ranges from 1.45 to 1.75. The mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy of the present invention mainly depend on its alloy composition, metallographic structure and alloy cleanliness. The more crystal defects in an alloy material, the greater the distortion of the crystal lattice and the greater the dislocation resistance, which increases the strength of the alloy material. However, the more crystal defects there are, the more structural defects there will be. The decrease in alloy cleanliness will increase the electron scattering rate, resulting in a decrease in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Therefore, the present invention will achieve a comprehensive balance between the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity indicators of the aluminum alloy through element composition design and defect control to meet the performance requirements of motor rotors or other applications.
請參閱圖1，圖1為本發明實施例的鋁合金所製作裝配件10的外觀示意圖。裝配件10可為電機轉子，其包括轉子端環12、轉子導條14以及轉子軸16。以本發明的鋁合金所製作的部位主要為轉子端環12與轉子導條14，始能有效應用到鋁合金在力學與電導熱導所提供的優良性能。然需特別一提的是，本發明的鋁合金不限定於電機轉子的製作；凡是需要兼顧高力學性能、高電導率及高熱導率的機械配件，皆屬於本發明鋁合金的應用範疇，故此不再對其它可能變化態樣分別說明。 鋁元素具有優選的電導與熱導效能，若能利用本發明的製作工藝製備具有兼顧高電導率、高熱導率以及高力學性能的鋁合金，便能廣泛應用在新能源汽車和其它各類型的產業。本發明的鋁合金主要包括0.33~0.37 wt%的矽元素、0.45~0.55 wt%的鎂元素、以及0.07~0.15 wt%的鐵元素，其餘含量則為鋁元素。利用矽元素與鎂元素可以形成矽化鎂(Mg 2Si)，矽化鎂混入鋁元素可以產生晶格畸變，進一步提高鋁合金的力學性能。 若是矽元素過量，矽元素以單質存在於鋁合金，會降低鋁合金的電導率與力學性能；若是鎂元素過量，則會與鋁元素形成鋁鎂合金相(Al 3Mg 2)，降低鋁合金的電導率；矽化鎂(Mg 2Si)的含量過高時，會產生共晶相，也會降低鋁合金的電導率。因此，矽元素與鎂元素的含量需嚴格控制，才能有效控制鋁合金的高電導率、高熱導率以及高力學性能的優良性能。另外，金屬鋁原料也會還有少量的鐵元素，故需將鐵元素的含量進一步納入計算，才能精準控制矽元素與鎂元素的含量及其比例。 本發明的鋁合金在凝固過程中，鋁元素、矽元素以及鐵元素會先發生作用形成鋁鐵矽合金相(AlFeSi)。接著，剩餘的矽元素才會與鎂元素生成矽化鎂(Mg 2Si)，過剩的鎂元素則會再形成鋁鎂合金相(Al 3Mg 2)。因此，本發明的鋁合金及其製造方法精準控制鎂元素相比於矽元素與三分之一鐵元素的差值的質量比例需符合特定範圍，意即鎂元素、矽元素與鐵元素的含量比例符合下列公式一，便能有效避免鋁合金中出現過剩的單質相矽元素及鋁鎂合金相(Al 3Mg 2)。 公式一 再者，其它雜質元素，例如錳元素、鈦元素、鉻元素與釩元素也會降低鋁合金的電導率，但是卻無助於提高鋁合金的力學性能，因此雜質元素在鋁合金中的含量也需嚴格控制。換句話說，鋁合金的熔煉與鑄造過程中，不可避免地會因為必要元素和雜質元素的相互作用而形成氧化夾雜物及針孔缺陷。這些缺陷會產生電子散射、並且減少有效導電面積，不只降低鋁合金的電導率，也會降低鋁合金的力學性能，故需嚴格控制其含量比例。 由此可知，本發明鋁合金的必要元素優選地含有0.33~0.37 wt%的矽元素、0.45~0.55 wt%的鎂元素、以及0.07~0.15 wt%的鐵元素，並且其餘含量則為鋁元素；並且鎂元素、矽元素與鐵元素的含量比例符合上述公式一。而鋁合金的雜質元素可包括小於或等於0.03 wt%的鎵元素、小於或等於0.03 wt%的鋅元素、小於或等於0.01 wt%的錳元素、小於或等於0.01 wt%的鈦元素、小於或等於0.001 wt%的鈉元素、小於或等於0.0002 wt%的鋰元素、小於或等於0.015 wt%的該錳元素、釩元素與鉻元素的總和、小於或等於0.01wt%的其它元素、並且上述該些元素的總和在鋁合金的含量小於或等於0.1 wt%。特別一提的是，錳元素不僅個別的質量含量應小於或等於鋁合金的0.01 wt%，錳元素、釩元素與鉻元素的質量總和也要小於或等於鋁合金的0.015 wt%。 請參閱圖2，圖2為本發明實施例的鋁合金製造方法的流程圖。圖2所述的鋁合金製造方法可適用在圖1所示的鋁合金及其裝配件10。關於鋁合金製造方法，首先可執行步驟S100，將金屬鋁原料和工業矽以攝氏740~770度進行熔煉；步驟S100會事先計算好原料具有預設比例的鋁元素和矽元素。接著，執行步驟S102，檢測以相應調整鋁合金的矽元素與鐵元素的含量分別介於0.33~0.37 wt%及0.07~0.15 wt%，並且其它雜質元素符合前述規定條件。 接下來，執行步驟S104與步驟S106，加入無公害的鹽類精煉劑進行除渣處理，並且加入具有預設重量的鎂元素。精煉劑的內容物與除渣方式按常規操作完成，於此不再另行說明。步驟S106加入的鎂元素需符合預設含量要求、及相比於矽元素與三分之一鐵元素的差值的比例的預設條件，意即符合公式一。此時，可選擇性執行步驟S108，檢測以相應調整鎂元素符合前述0.45~0.55 wt%的含量要求，以及鎂元素相比於矽元素與三分之一鐵元素的差值的質量比例需介於1.45~1.75。 接下來，執行步驟S110，通入惰性氣體進行除氣處理。惰性氣體可能是氮氣、氬氣或其它可應用氣體，端視設計需求而定。本發明中，鋁合金在除氣處理後的針孔度符合中華人民共和國機械行業標準的《鑄造鋁合金金相》(JB/T7946.3)的二級及以上標準、或是符合在減壓條件下的減壓凝固密度大於2.67 g/cm 3、或是符合在常壓條件下的常壓凝固密度與減壓凝固密度的差異相對於常壓凝固密度的比值小於1.5、或是符合鋁液含氫量小於0.2 ml/100gAl，並且檢測鋁合金的含渣量，確保其液態通過率大於或等於500 g/min。最後，執行步驟S112，保溫並攪拌液態合金以執行離心或高溫鑄造，從而將鋁合金鑄造成錠狀物、棒狀物、或任意零部件，例如裝配件10的電機轉子。 在步驟S112之後，如果將鑄成錠或鑄成棒重新熔解後生產，重熔精煉後的液態鋁合金需符合前述的矽元素、鎂元素與鐵元素的含量要求、以及鎂元素相比於矽元素與三分之一鐵元素的差值的比例要求，並且鑄造過程中的冷卻速度應介於1~100 ℃/s，以使鋁合金能維持高力學性能、高電導率及高熱導率的優良性能。若步驟S112鑄造出裝配件10的電機轉子，則電機轉子在熱安裝製程的溫度控制應當介於攝氏200~350度，並且保溫時間介於15~60分鐘。這樣一來，本發明的製造方法所製備的鋁合金在常溫下可具有電導率大於或等於34 mS/m、熱導率大於或等於220 W/m.K、屈服強度大於或等於80 MPa、延伸率大於或等於10%、以及硬度值大於或等於40 HBS的優點。 本發明在符合前揭的元素含量與比例的條件下，對裝配件10的電機轉子的端面本體執行多筆取樣實例，並針對各實例進行電導率測試、熱導率測試、力學性能測試、金相分析測試、及晶粒度分析測試；測試結果請參照下列表一，可看出本發明的鋁合金及其製造方法能夠兼具高力學性能、高電導率及高熱導率的優良性能。表一所載的密度當量即為前述的在常壓條件下的常壓凝固密度與減壓凝固密度的差異相對於常壓凝固密度的比值。 請參照圖3，圖3為本發明實施例的鋁合金的性能示意圖。如圖3所示，標記框F3為偏重高屈服強度的傳統鋁合金，其電導率較差，代表鋁合金如A356-T6，A356 + 0.5Cu-T6等；標記框F4為偏重高電導率的傳統鋁合金，其屈服強度較差，代表鋁合金如Al99.7（99.7 wt% Al），Al99.5（99.5 wt% Al）等；標記框F1為加入4.3~6 wt% Ni的鋁合金，如國際專利公開號WO 2020/028730，其成本較高，具有中等的屈服強度及電導率；標記框F2為本發明的鋁合金的取樣實例測試，可發現其屈服強度與電導率皆優於標記框F1的測試結果，兼具高屈服強度與高電導率的優點。 綜上所述，鋁合金的力學性能與電導率及熱導率主要取決於其合金成分、金相組織以及合金潔淨度。合金材料的晶體缺陷越多，晶格的畸變越大，位錯阻力也越大，使合金材料的強度提高。但是晶體缺陷越多，組織缺陷也越多，合金潔淨度降低會增加電子散射率，造成電導率與熱導率下降。因此，本發明會通過元素的成分設計和缺陷控制，使鋁合金的力學性能與電導率及熱導率的指標達到綜合平衡，以符合電機轉子或其它應用的性能需求。 以上所述僅為本發明的優選實施例而已，並不用於限制本發明，對於本領域的技術人員來說，本發明可以有各種更改和變化。凡在本發明的精神和原則之內，所作的任何修改、等同替換、改進等，均應包含在本發明的保護範圍之內。 Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic view of the appearance of an assembly 10 made of aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention. The assembly 10 may be a motor rotor, which includes a rotor end ring 12 , a rotor bar 14 and a rotor shaft 16 . The parts made of the aluminum alloy of the present invention are mainly the rotor end ring 12 and the rotor guide bar 14, so that the excellent properties provided by the aluminum alloy in mechanics, electrical and thermal conductivity can be effectively utilized. However, it is important to mention that the aluminum alloy of the present invention is not limited to the production of motor rotors; any mechanical accessories that require high mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity fall within the application scope of the aluminum alloy of the present invention. Therefore, Other possible variations will not be explained separately. Aluminum element has excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. If the manufacturing process of the present invention can be used to prepare an aluminum alloy with high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high mechanical properties, it can be widely used in new energy vehicles and other types of vehicles. industry. The aluminum alloy of the present invention mainly includes 0.33~0.37 wt% silicon element, 0.45~0.55 wt% magnesium element, and 0.07~0.15 wt% iron element, and the remaining content is aluminum element. Magnesium silicide (Mg 2 Si) can be formed by using silicon and magnesium elements. Magnesium silicide mixed with aluminum elements can produce lattice distortion, further improving the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. If the silicon element is excessive, the silicon element will exist in the aluminum alloy as a single substance, which will reduce the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy; if the magnesium element is excessive, it will form an aluminum-magnesium alloy phase (Al 3 Mg 2 ) with the aluminum element, reducing the aluminum alloy The electrical conductivity; when the content of magnesium silicate (Mg 2 Si) is too high, a eutectic phase will be produced and the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy will also be reduced. Therefore, the contents of silicon and magnesium need to be strictly controlled to effectively control the high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. In addition, metallic aluminum raw materials also contain a small amount of iron, so the content of iron needs to be further included in the calculation to accurately control the content and ratio of silicon and magnesium. During the solidification process of the aluminum alloy of the present invention, the aluminum element, silicon element and iron element will first react to form an aluminum iron silicon alloy phase (AlFeSi). Then, the remaining silicon element will combine with the magnesium element to form magnesium silicate (Mg 2 Si), and the excess magnesium element will form the aluminum-magnesium alloy phase (Al 3 Mg 2 ). Therefore, the aluminum alloy and its manufacturing method of the present invention accurately control the mass ratio of the magnesium element compared to the difference between the silicon element and one-third of the iron element to meet a specific range, that is, the contents of magnesium element, silicon element and iron element If the ratio complies with the following formula 1, it can effectively avoid excess elemental silicon phase and aluminum-magnesium alloy phase (Al 3 Mg 2 ) in the aluminum alloy. The formula repeats itself. Other impurity elements, such as manganese, titanium, chromium and vanadium, will also reduce the electrical conductivity of aluminum alloys, but they will not help improve the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Therefore, the content of impurity elements in aluminum alloys Strict control is also required. In other words, during the smelting and casting process of aluminum alloys, oxidized inclusions and pinhole defects will inevitably be formed due to the interaction between essential elements and impurity elements. These defects will cause electron scattering and reduce the effective conductive area, which not only reduces the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy, but also reduces the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, so its content ratio needs to be strictly controlled. It can be seen from this that the essential elements of the aluminum alloy of the present invention preferably contain 0.33~0.37 wt% silicon element, 0.45~0.55 wt% magnesium element, and 0.07~0.15 wt% iron element, and the remaining content is aluminum element; And the content ratio of magnesium, silicon and iron is consistent with the above formula 1. The impurity elements of the aluminum alloy may include gallium element less than or equal to 0.03 wt%, zinc element less than or equal to 0.03 wt%, manganese element less than or equal to 0.01 wt%, titanium element less than or equal to 0.01 wt%, titanium element less than or equal to 0.01 wt%, Sodium element equal to 0.001 wt%, lithium element less than or equal to 0.0002 wt%, manganese element less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, the sum of vanadium element and chromium element, other elements less than or equal to 0.01wt%, and the above-mentioned The total content of these elements in aluminum alloys is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%. In particular, not only the individual mass content of manganese element should be less than or equal to 0.01 wt% of the aluminum alloy, but the sum of the mass of manganese element, vanadium element and chromium element should also be less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of the aluminum alloy. Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a flow chart of an aluminum alloy manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The aluminum alloy manufacturing method described in Figure 2 can be applied to the aluminum alloy and its assembly 10 shown in Figure 1 . Regarding the aluminum alloy manufacturing method, step S100 can be performed first to smelt metallic aluminum raw materials and industrial silicon at 740 to 770 degrees Celsius; step S100 will calculate in advance the raw materials with a preset proportion of aluminum elements and silicon elements. Next, step S102 is performed to detect and adjust the content of silicon element and iron element in the aluminum alloy accordingly to be between 0.33~0.37 wt% and 0.07~0.15 wt% respectively, and other impurity elements meet the aforementioned specified conditions. Next, steps S104 and S106 are executed, a pollution-free salt refining agent is added for slag removal, and magnesium element with a preset weight is added. The contents of the refining agent and the slag removal method are completed according to conventional operations and will not be further explained here. The magnesium element added in step S106 needs to meet the preset content requirements and the preset conditions compared to the ratio of the difference between silicon element and one-third of the iron element, which means that it meets Formula 1. At this time, step S108 can be selectively performed to detect and adjust the magnesium element accordingly to meet the aforementioned content requirements of 0.45~0.55 wt%, and the mass ratio of the magnesium element to the difference between the silicon element and one-third of the iron element needs to be introduced. At 1.45~1.75. Next, step S110 is executed, in which inert gas is introduced to perform degassing. The inert gas may be nitrogen, argon or other applicable gases, depending on the design requirements. In the present invention, the pinhole degree of the aluminum alloy after the degassing treatment meets the second-level and above standards of the "Metallography of Cast Aluminum Alloys" (JB/T7946.3) of the Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China, or meets the standard of decompression. The decompression solidification density under normal pressure conditions is greater than 2.67 g/cm 3 , or the ratio of the difference between the normal pressure solidification density and the decompression solidification density under normal pressure conditions to the normal pressure solidification density is less than 1.5, or the aluminum liquid The hydrogen content is less than 0.2 ml/100gAl, and the slag content of the aluminum alloy is detected to ensure that its liquid pass rate is greater than or equal to 500 g/min. Finally, step S112 is performed to keep and stir the liquid alloy to perform centrifugal or high-temperature casting, thereby casting the aluminum alloy into an ingot, a rod, or any component, such as the motor rotor of the assembly 10 . After step S112, if the cast ingot or cast rod is re-melted and produced, the remelted and refined liquid aluminum alloy must meet the aforementioned content requirements of silicon, magnesium and iron, and the ratio of magnesium to silicon. The ratio of the difference between the element and one-third of the iron element is required, and the cooling rate during the casting process should be between 1 and 100 ℃/s, so that the aluminum alloy can maintain high mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. Excellent performance. If the motor rotor of the assembly 10 is cast in step S112, the temperature control of the motor rotor during the hot installation process should be between 200 and 350 degrees Celsius, and the heat preservation time should be between 15 and 60 minutes. In this way, the aluminum alloy prepared by the manufacturing method of the present invention can have an electrical conductivity greater than or equal to 34 mS/m, a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 220 W/mK, a yield strength greater than or equal to 80 MPa, and an elongation rate at room temperature. The advantages of greater than or equal to 10% and hardness value greater than or equal to 40 HBS. The present invention performs multiple sampling instances on the end face body of the motor rotor of the assembly 10 under the conditions of complying with the aforementioned element content and proportion, and conducts electrical conductivity testing, thermal conductivity testing, mechanical performance testing, and metallurgy testing for each instance. Phase analysis test and grain size analysis test; please refer to Table 1 below for the test results. It can be seen that the aluminum alloy and its manufacturing method of the present invention can combine the excellent properties of high mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity. The density equivalent shown in Table 1 is the ratio of the difference between the normal pressure solidification density and the reduced pressure solidification density under normal pressure conditions relative to the normal pressure solidification density. Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a performance diagram of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, marked frame F3 is a traditional aluminum alloy that emphasizes high yield strength and has poor electrical conductivity, representing aluminum alloys such as A356-T6, A356 + 0.5Cu-T6, etc.; marked frame F4 is a traditional aluminum alloy that emphasizes high electrical conductivity. Aluminum alloy, which has poor yield strength, represents aluminum alloys such as Al99.7 (99.7 wt% Al), Al99.5 (99.5 wt% Al), etc.; the marked box F1 is an aluminum alloy with 4.3~6 wt% Ni added, such as the International Patent Publication No. WO 2020/028730, which has a higher cost and has medium yield strength and electrical conductivity; marked box F2 is a sample test of the aluminum alloy of the present invention, and it can be found that its yield strength and electrical conductivity are both better than marked box F1 The test results show that it has the advantages of high yield strength and high conductivity. To sum up, the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys mainly depend on their alloy composition, metallographic structure and alloy cleanliness. The more crystal defects in an alloy material, the greater the distortion of the crystal lattice and the greater the dislocation resistance, which increases the strength of the alloy material. However, the more crystal defects there are, the more structural defects there will be. The decrease in alloy cleanliness will increase the electron scattering rate, resulting in a decrease in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Therefore, the present invention will achieve a comprehensive balance between the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity indicators of the aluminum alloy through element composition design and defect control to meet the performance requirements of motor rotors or other applications. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
10:裝配件 12:轉子端環 14:轉子導條 16:轉子軸 F1:標記框 F2:標記框 F3:標記框 F4:標記框 S100,S102,S104,S106,S108,S110,S112:步驟 10:Assembly parts 12:Rotor end ring 14:Rotor guide bar 16:Rotor shaft F1: mark box F2: mark box F3: mark box F4: mark box S100, S102, S104, S106, S108, S110, S112: steps
[圖1]為本發明實施例的鋁合金所製作裝配件的外觀示意圖。 [圖2]為本發明實施例的鋁合金製造方法的流程圖。 [圖3]為本發明實施例的鋁合金的性能示意圖。 [Fig. 1] is a schematic view of the appearance of an assembly made of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 2] is a flow chart of an aluminum alloy manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 3] is a performance diagram of an aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10:裝配件 10:Assembly parts
12:轉子端環 12:Rotor end ring
14:轉子導條 14:Rotor guide bar
16:轉子軸 16:Rotor shaft
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| CN101660883A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2010-03-03 | 东莞市奥达铝业有限公司 | Manufacturing method of vehicle aluminum alloy radiating fin |
| CN108531754A (en) * | 2017-03-04 | 2018-09-14 | 姚晓宁 | A kind of cast aluminum alloys in high conductivity and preparation method thereof |
| CN112853160A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 蔚然（南京）动力科技有限公司 | Motor rotor cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| EP2184375B1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2014-12-17 | Showa Denko K.K. | Al-Mg-Si alloy material and plate |
| EP3830307A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-06-09 | Tesla, Inc. | Aluminum alloys for die casting |
| CN110343884B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2020-11-17 | 江苏威腾电力科技有限公司 | Preparation process of high-heat-conductivity extruded aluminum alloy section |
| CN110257677A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-09-20 | 江苏威腾电力科技有限公司 | A kind of novel high thermal conductivity Al-Mg-Si alloy |
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| CN101660883A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2010-03-03 | 东莞市奥达铝业有限公司 | Manufacturing method of vehicle aluminum alloy radiating fin |
| CN108531754A (en) * | 2017-03-04 | 2018-09-14 | 姚晓宁 | A kind of cast aluminum alloys in high conductivity and preparation method thereof |
| CN112853160A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 蔚然（南京）动力科技有限公司 | Motor rotor cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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