CN111690844B - Eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of die casting alloys. The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, 0 to 1.6 percent of Si, 0 to 1.3 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 1.0 percent. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material smelting, refining, modification and casting which are added with elements according to the proportion, annealing can be carried out, solid solution-aging treatment can be carried out on the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy with high silicon and high magnesium, and the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy has the advantages of good fluidity, high strength, high thermal conductivity, die casting performance and anodic oxidation performance and is designed near the eutectic composition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die casting alloys, in particular to a eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy die casting technology is increasingly used for producing appearance parts of 3C electronic products. After die casting, a brilliant and appealing appearance is obtained by anodic oxidation. Therefore, the aluminum alloy for the appearance of 3C electronic products is required to have not only excellent die casting performance but also excellent anodic oxidation performance.
The Al-Mn alloy has good anodic oxidation performance and good heat transfer performance. At present, some commercial Al-Mn alloys have good anodic oxidation performance, for example, DM3 alloy contains about 1.2% of Mn and Co, so that the alloy cost is high, and the fluidity of the alloy is slightly insufficient in industry reaction. The Chinese invention patent with the application number of 201910447015.5 discloses a die-casting aluminum alloy which contains 2.0% of Mn, 0.7-1.2% of Co, 0.2-0.4% of Sc, 0.1-0.3% of Ti and the balance of Al, wherein the tensile strength of the alloy is claimed to be greatly improved, and a film layer obtained after anodic oxidation is thicker, smooth in surface, uniform in color, more attractive, better in corrosion resistance and suitable for manufacturing a protective shell of a 3C electronic product. However, the alloy also contains Co and Sc, so that the cost of the alloy is greatly increased.
The fluidity of the alloy is one of the important indexes for evaluating the die casting performance of the aluminum alloy. The alloy composition is designed to be eutectic composition, which is beneficial to improving the fluidity of the alloy. However, the alloy easily forms a coarse intermetallic compound phase in the eutectic composition, so that the surface of an anodic oxide film becomes rough, the color is not uniform, the anodic oxidation performance is seriously influenced, and the mechanical property of the alloy is seriously damaged.
According to the phase diagram, the eutectic composition of the Al-Mn alloy is 1.9 wt% Mn, forming eutectic phases (intermetallic phases) Al6The eutectic composition of the Mn, Al-Fe alloy was also 1.9 wt%, forming eutectic phases (intermetallic phases) Al3The addition of Fe to an Al-Mn alloy or Mn to an Al-Fe alloy results in the formation of eutectic phases (intermetallic phases) Al6(FeMn); if the alloy contains elemental Si, an intermetallic phase Al may be formedl5(FeMn)3Si2. If the intermetallic compound phases can be refined, the alloy components can be designed to be eutectic components, the fluidity of the alloy is improved, the anodic oxidation performance of the alloy is not influenced, the damage to the mechanical performance is greatly reduced, and the alloy with excellent die-casting performance, anodic oxidation performance and mechanical performance is developed. Therefore, how to refine the intermetallic phases is the key to the development of this type of alloy.
Generally, Al-Fe-Mn alloys are non-heat treatment strengthened alloys, and the strength of the alloys depends on the solid solution strengthening effect of the elements Fe and Mn. It can be concluded that the Al-Fe-Mn die-casting aluminum alloy can only reach medium and low strength, and is difficult to meet the requirements of national production. The alloy with high strength and high thermal conductivity, good die casting performance and good anode oxidation performance is developed, and the method has a wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy, a preparation method and application thereofThe present invention utilizes Sr to modify intermetallic compound phase to change coarse intermetallic compound phase Al in alloy6Mn、Al3Fe、Al6(FeMn) and All5(MnFe)3Si2The size and the shape of the phases reduce the damage of the phases to the anodic oxidation performance and the mechanical performance, and the phases have good fluidity and anodic oxidation performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, 0 to 1.6 percent of Si, 0 to 1.3 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of the total impurities is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die-casting alloy has the die-casting state (F state) tensile strength of 124-229MPa, the yield strength of 64-112MPa, the elongation of 21.6-31.2 percent, the thermal conductivity of 165-194W/m.K and excellent anodic oxidation effect.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy has the advantages of 108-174MPa tensile strength in an annealing state (O state), 43-72MPa yield strength, 28.6-34.9 percent elongation, 204W/m.K heat conductivity coefficient and good anodic oxidation effect.
According to the contents of Si and Mg, the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy is more preferably as follows:
a low-silicon low-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe plus Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.35 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and magnesium has the advantages of 124-141MPa tensile strength in the die casting state (F state), 64-68MPa yield strength, 24.7-31.2 percent elongation and 184-194W/m.K thermal conductivity.
More preferably:
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy of magnesium in medium silicon comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, 0.5 to 0.9 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.35 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy of magnesium in medium silicon has the die casting state (F state) tensile strength of 182-215MPa, the yield strength of 84-102MPa, the elongation of 24.9-26.6 percent and the thermal conductivity of 169-176W/m.K.
More preferably:
a high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, 0.95 to 1.5 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.3 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn alloy die-casting alloy has the die-casting state (T6 state) tensile strength of 304-336MPa, the yield strength of 159-184MPa, the elongation of 5.7-8.1 percent and the thermal conductivity of 146-153W/m.K.
The preparation method of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of
Preparing raw materials of Fe, Mn, Si, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ti and Al according to the element component proportion of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy; preparing a Sr alterant raw material Al-10 Sr;
step 2: melting
Heating and melting Al raw materials into an aluminum melt, adding other element raw materials into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to obtain an alloy melt; wherein, in the whole smelting process, the temperature is controlled to be 700-760 ℃;
and step 3: refining and modifying
Adding a refining agent into the alloy melt for refining, and then adding a Sr alterant raw material Al-10Sr for modification to obtain an aluminum alloy melt after modification;
and 4, step 4: post-treatment
Degassing the modified aluminum alloy melt, removing slag, standing at 800 ℃ for 15-25min at 700-.
In the step 1, the Fe raw material selects an aluminum-iron intermediate alloy and/or an iron additive; the raw material of Mn selects an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and/or a manganese additive; the raw material of Ti is selected from an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and/or a titanium additive; the Zr raw material selects aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and/or zirconium additive.
In the step 1, the raw material of Si is selected from metal silicon and/or aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy; mg ingot is used as the raw material of Mg.
In the step 2, the Sr alterant raw material Al-10Sr can also be added in the step 2 together with other element raw materials.
In the step 3, the refining agent is a refining agent with refining effect on the aluminum alloy, such as an RJ-1 refining agent, and the adding mass of the refining agent is 0.2-0.8% of the total mass of the alloy melt.
In the step 3, after the Sr alterant raw material is added, the residual Sr content in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.1-0.5%.
In the step 4, degassing is performed by introducing argon or nitrogen into the aluminum alloy melt after modification by using a degassing machine, wherein the flow of the argon or the nitrogen is 0.2-0.3m3/h。
Further, the preparation method of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy can also comprise the step 5:
annealing the prepared eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy at the annealing temperature of 200 ℃ and 500 ℃ for 0.5 to 3 hours to obtain the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy is prepared by the preparation method, and has the advantages of 108-174MPa of annealing state (O state) tensile strength, 43-72MPa of yield strength, 28.6-34.9% of elongation, 179-204W/m.K of thermal conductivity and good anodic oxidation effect.
Further, on the basis of the preparation method of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy, the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy with high silicon and high magnesium is added with the element component ratio of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy with high silicon and high magnesium, and the method also comprises the following steps of 6:
carrying out solid solution-aging treatment on the prepared high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy at the solid solution temperature of 490-550 ℃ for 2-12 h; the aging temperature is 120-;
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy with high silicon and high magnesium is prepared by the preparation method, and has the tensile strength of 304-336MPa in the T6 state, the yield strength of 159-184MPa, the elongation of 5.7-8.1 percent, the heat conductivity coefficient of 146-153W/m.K and good anodic oxidation effect.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy is applied to an aluminum alloy die casting piece subjected to anodic oxidation treatment and also can be used as a high-heat-conductivity aluminum alloy die casting piece.
The high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy can be applied to high-strength aluminum alloy die castings.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy, the preparation method and the application have the beneficial effects that:
by having a high proportion of Sr as a modifier, it can be shown that the element Sr is Al6Fe、Al6Mn、Al6(FeMn) and All5(MnFe)3Si2And the effective alterant of the intermetallic compound phase can greatly refine the intermetallic compound phase. The components of the alloy are near the eutectic components, so that the alloy has good fluidity, and when a small amount of Mg and Si is added, all Mg and part of Si are dissolved in a matrix in a solid way, so that the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloy is improved, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved; the residual Si combines with Fe and Mn to form All5(MnFe)3Si2The intermetallic compound phase is refined by Sr, so that the negative influence on the anode oxidation performance and the mechanical property is small, and therefore, the alloy of the invention keeps goodThe mechanical property is improved on the premise of good fluidity and anode oxidation property. When the added Mg and Si are high in amount, part of Mg and part of Si are dissolved in the matrix in a solid manner, so that the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloy is improved, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved; the residual Si combines with Fe and Mn to form All5(MnFe)3Si2The intermetallic compound phase is left over, and the remaining Si is combined with the remaining Mg to form a strengthening phase Mg2Si, so that the alloy has an aging strengthening effect, and the mechanical property of the alloy can be further improved after solid solution-aging, so that the mechanical property of the alloy is greatly improved on the premise of keeping good fluidity and anode oxidation property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of an alloy casting sample; wherein (a) is a metallographic structure diagram of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and low magnesium prepared in example 1; (b) metallographic images of the alloy prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of an alloy die-cast sample; wherein (a) is a metallographic structure diagram of a eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy of magnesium in medium silicon prepared in example 6; (b) is a metallographic structure of the alloy prepared in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that those who do not specify specific conditions in the examples are performed according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by manufacturers; the reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below; the embodiment of the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy material, and the die-casting aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof are explained in detail through the following specific embodiment; each example was prepared with 100kg of alloy.
The aluminum ingot selected in the embodiment of the invention can be Al99.70 in the aluminum ingot for remelting of 2017, which is the national standard GB/T1196, and can also be a scrap remelting aluminum ingot; when adding Fe element, selecting Al-10Fe intermediate alloy or 75Fe agent (aluminum alloy additive with Fe mass content of 75%); when Mn element is added, Al-10Mn intermediate alloy or 75Mn agent (aluminum alloy additive with Mn mass content of 75%) is selected; when adding Si element, selecting Al-30Si intermediate alloy; when Mg element is added, metal magnesium is selected; when Zn element is added, metal zinc is selected; when adding Cu element, selecting Al-50Cu intermediate alloy; when the Ti element is added, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy or 75Ti agent (aluminum alloy additive with the Ti mass content of 75%) is selected.
In the embodiment of the invention, the degassing is carried out by introducing argon into the added aluminum water by using a degassing machine, wherein the flow of the argon is 0.2-0.3m3/h。
In the embodiment of the invention, the residual Sr content in the alloy is 0.1-0.5% due to the addition of the alterant.
Example 1
The components and the mass percent of each component of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and magnesium are shown in the table 1.
The preparation method of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and magnesium comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum ingots and alloy raw materials, heating and melting the aluminum ingots to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 725-750 ℃, adding 75Mn agent, 75Fe agent, Al-30Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy, magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to form the alloy melt;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is about 0.21 percent of the residual amount of Sr in the alloy;
degassing the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing for 30-60min, and then die-casting into a die-casting piece with the wall thickness of 5 mm; casting a metallographic specimen;
the tensile property and the thermal conductivity of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product with low silicon and magnesium are tested, and the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in table 1 in an as-cast state; the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product with low silicon and magnesium has higher elongation and heat conductivity coefficient and excellent anodic oxidation effect. Fig. 1(a) is the metallographic structure of the cast metallographic specimen, and it can be seen that the Mn-rich Fe-rich intermetallic compound phase in the product has been refined by Sr modification.
Comparative example 1
The alloy composition and preparation method are the same as example 1. Except that the comparative example did not undergo Sr deterioration. The alloy composition and tensile properties and thermal conductivity are shown in table 1. The elongation of the alloy was significantly reduced and the anodizing effect was slightly inferior to that of example 1. Fig. 1(b) is a metallographic structure of a metallographic specimen cast in comparative example 1, and it can be seen that Sr deterioration is not performed, and the Mn-rich Fe-rich intermetallic compound phase in the product is not refined and takes a typical long form. This as-cast structure results in a decrease in elongation and a deterioration in the effect of anodization.
Examples 2 to 4
The preparation method of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and magnesium is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that:
the alloy components are different, and the alloy components, the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in a table 1.
Example 5:
the components and the mass percent of each component of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and magnesium are shown in the table 1.
A preparation method of a low-silicon low-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum ingots and alloy raw materials, heating and melting the aluminum ingots to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 725-750 ℃, adding 75Mn agent, 75Fe agent, Al-30Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy, magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to form the alloy melt;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is about 0.29 percent of the residual amount of Sr in the alloy;
degassing the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing for 30-60min, and then die-casting into a die-casting piece with the wall thickness of 5 mm; then, the die casting is annealed at the annealing temperature of 220 ℃ for 2 h.
The prepared eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product with low silicon and magnesium is subjected to tensile property test and thermal conductivity test, and the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in table 1 in an annealing state; the prepared eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product with low silicon and magnesium has higher elongation and heat conductivity coefficient, but the strength is reduced.
TABLE 1 COCRYSTALLINE AL-FE-Mn DIE-CASTING ALLOY COMPOSITION WITH LOW SILICON AND LOW MAGNESIUM AND PROPERTIES COUNTERNATION
*: the anodizing effect was evaluated by a score of 5, and the higher the score, the better the anodizing effect.
Example 6
The components and the mass percent of each component of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy containing magnesium in medium silicon are shown in the table 2.
A preparation method of a medium-silicon-medium-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum ingots and alloy raw materials, heating and melting the aluminum ingots to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 725-750 ℃, adding 75Mn agent, 75Fe agent, Al-30Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy, magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to form the alloy melt;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is about 0.15 percent of the residual amount of Sr in the alloy;
degassing the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 725-750 ℃ for 30-60min, and then die-casting into a medium-silicon magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die-casting alloy die-casting piece with the wall thickness of 5 mm;
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product of magnesium in medium silicon is subjected to tensile property test and thermal conductivity test, and the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in table 2 in an as-cast state; the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product of magnesium in medium silicon has higher elongation and heat conductivity coefficient and good anodic oxidation effect. Fig. 2(a) shows the metallographic structure of the product, and it can be seen that the Mn-rich Fe-rich intermetallic compound phase in the product has been refined by Sr modification and is relatively dispersed. Compared with the low-silicon low-magnesium Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy, the mechanical property is greatly improved, but the anodic oxidation effect is deteriorated due to the increase of Fe-rich, Mn-rich and Si-rich phases in the alloy.
Comparative example 2
The alloy composition and preparation method were the same as in example 6. Except that the comparative example did not undergo Sr deterioration. The alloy composition and tensile properties and thermal conductivity are shown in table 2. The elongation of the alloy was significantly reduced and the anodizing effect was slightly inferior to that of example 6. Fig. 2(b) shows the metallographic structure of the product, and it can be seen that Sr is not modified, and the Mn-rich Fe-rich Si-rich intermetallic compound phase in the product is not refined and is typically long. This as-cast structure results in a decrease in elongation and a deterioration in the effect of anodization.
Examples 7 to 9
The preparation method of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy of magnesium in medium silicon is the same as that of the embodiment 6, and the difference is that:
the alloy compositions are different, and the alloy compositions, tensile properties and thermal conductivity are shown in Table 2.
Example 10:
the components and the mass percent of each component of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy containing magnesium in medium silicon are shown in the table 2.
A preparation method of a medium-silicon-medium-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum ingots and alloy raw materials, heating and melting the aluminum ingots to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 725-750 ℃, adding 75Mn agent, 75Fe agent, Al-30Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy, magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to form the alloy melt;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is about 0.31 percent of the residual amount of Sr in the alloy;
removing gas from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 725-750 ℃ for 30-60min, and then die-casting into a die-casting piece with the wall thickness of 5 mm; then, the die casting is annealed at the annealing temperature of 220 ℃ for 3 h.
The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product of magnesium in medium silicon is subjected to tensile property test and thermal conductivity test, and the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in table 2 in an annealing state; the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product of magnesium in medium silicon has higher elongation and heat conductivity coefficient, but the strength is reduced, and the anodic oxidation effect is deteriorated.
Table 2 shows the composition and performance statistics of eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloys containing magnesium in silicon
*: the anodizing effect was evaluated by a score of 5, and the higher the score, the better the anodizing effect.
Example 11
The components and the mass percent of each component of the high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy are shown in Table 3.
A preparation method of high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum ingots and alloy raw materials, heating and melting the aluminum ingots to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 725-750 ℃, adding 75Mn agent, 75Fe agent, Al-30Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy, magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to form the alloy melt;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is about 0.25 percent of the residual amount of Sr in the alloy;
removing gas from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 725-750 ℃ for 30-60min, and then die-casting into a die-casting piece with the wall thickness of 5 mm;
the high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product is subjected to tensile property test and thermal conductivity test, and the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in table 3 in an as-cast state; the high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product has higher elongation and heat conductivity coefficient and good anodic oxidation effect. Through Sr deterioration, Mn-rich Fe-rich intermetallic compound phases in the product are refined and dispersed relatively. Compared with the low-silicon low-magnesium Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy, the mechanical property is greatly improved, but the anodic oxidation effect is deteriorated due to the increase of Fe-rich, Mn-rich and Si-rich phases in the alloy.
Example 12
The components and the mass percent of each component of the high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy are shown in Table 3.
A preparation method of high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum ingots and alloy raw materials, heating and melting the aluminum ingots to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 725-750 ℃, adding 75Mn agent, 75Fe agent, Al-30Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy, magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to form the alloy melt;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is about 0.12 percent of the residual amount of Sr in the alloy;
degassing the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing for 30-60min, and then die-casting into a die-casting piece with the wall thickness of 5 mm; then, carrying out solid solution-aging treatment (T6 treatment) on the die casting, wherein the solid solution temperature is 525 ℃, the solid solution time is 4h, and then carrying out water quenching; the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the aging time is 12 h.
The prepared eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product with high silicon and high magnesium is subjected to tensile property test and thermal conductivity test, and the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in Table 3 in a T6 state; a high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product has higher elongation and heat conductivity coefficient, but the elongation is obviously reduced, and the anodic oxidation effect is deteriorated.
Comparative example 3
The alloy composition and preparation method were the same as in example 12. Except that comparative example 3 did not undergo Sr deterioration. The alloy composition and tensile properties and thermal conductivity are shown in table 3. The elongation of the alloy was significantly reduced and the anodizing effect was slightly inferior to that of example 12.
Examples 13 to 14
A preparation method of a high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy, which is the same as that in example 12, and is characterized in that:
the alloy compositions are different, and the alloy compositions, tensile properties and thermal conductivity are shown in Table 3.
Example 15
The components and the mass percent of each component of the high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy are shown in Table 3.
A preparation method of high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum ingots and alloy raw materials, heating and melting the aluminum ingots to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 725-750 ℃, adding 75Mn agent, 75Fe agent, Al-30Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Ti intermediate alloy, magnesium ingots and zinc ingots into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to form the alloy melt;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is about 0.29 percent of the residual amount of Sr in the alloy;
degassing the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing for 30-60min, and then die-casting into a die-casting piece with the wall thickness of 5 mm; then, the die casting is annealed at the annealing temperature of 220 ℃ for 3 h.
The prepared high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product is subjected to tensile property test and thermal conductivity test, and the tensile property and the thermal conductivity are shown in table 3 in an annealing state; the high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy product has higher elongation and heat conductivity coefficient, but has reduced strength and poor anodic oxidation effect.
Table 3 shows the composition and performance statistics of eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloys with magnesium in silicon
*: the anodizing effect was evaluated by a score of 5, and the higher the score, the better the anodizing effect.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, less than or equal to 1.6 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.3 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent; according to the contents of Si and Mg, the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy is divided into eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and magnesium, eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy with medium silicon and magnesium and eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy with high silicon and magnesium;
the pressure casting state tensile strength of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg pressure casting alloy is 124-;
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy has the annealing tensile strength of 108-.
2. The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and low magnesium comprises the following components in mass percent: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.35 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy with low silicon and magnesium has the die casting tensile strength of 124-141MPa, the yield strength of 64-68MPa, the elongation of 24.7-31.2 percent and the thermal conductivity of 184-194W/m.K.
3. The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy of magnesium in medium silicon comprises the following components in mass percent: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, 0.5 to 0.9 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.35 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn die casting alloy of magnesium in medium silicon has tensile strength of 182-215MPa, yield strength of 84-102MPa, elongation of 24.9-26.6% and heat conductivity of 169-176W/m.K in the die casting state.
4. The eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-silicon high-magnesium eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy comprises the following components in mass percent: 0.05 to 1.7 percent of Fe, 0.3 to 1.95 percent of Mn, 1.6 to 2.0 percent of Fe + Mn, 0.95 to 1.5 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.3 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total impurity content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn alloy die-casting alloy with high silicon and high magnesium has the tensile strength of 304-336MPa in the T6 state, the yield strength of 159-184MPa, the elongation of 5.7-8.1 percent and the thermal conductivity of 153W/m.K.
5. A method for the preparation of a co-crystalline Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg diecasting alloy according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of
Preparing raw materials of Fe, Mn, Si, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ti and Al according to the element component proportion of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy; preparing a Sr alterant raw material Al-10 Sr;
step 2: melting
Heating and melting Al raw materials into an aluminum melt, adding other element raw materials into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to obtain an alloy melt; wherein, in the whole smelting process, the temperature is controlled to be 700-760 ℃;
and step 3: refining and modifying
Adding a refining agent into the alloy melt for refining, and then adding a Sr alterant raw material Al-10Sr for modification to obtain an aluminum alloy melt after modification;
and 4, step 4: post-treatment
Degassing the modified aluminum alloy melt, removing slag, standing at 800 ℃ for 15-25min at 700-.
6. The method for preparing the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3, the refining agent is a refining agent having a refining effect on the aluminum alloy, and the adding mass of the refining agent is 0.2-0.8% of the total mass of the alloy melt; the Sr alterant raw material is added to ensure that the residual Sr content in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.1-0.5%.
7. A method for the preparation of a co-crystalline Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg diecasting alloy according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of
Preparing raw materials of Fe, Mn, Si, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ti and Al according to the element component proportion of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy; preparing a Sr alterant raw material Al-10 Sr;
step 2: melting
Heating and melting Al raw materials into an aluminum melt, adding other element raw materials into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to obtain an alloy melt; wherein, in the whole smelting process, the temperature is controlled to be 700-760 ℃;
and step 3: refining and modifying
Adding a refining agent into the alloy melt for refining, and then adding a Sr alterant raw material Al-10Sr for modification to obtain an aluminum alloy melt after modification;
and 4, step 4: post-treatment
Degassing the modified aluminum alloy melt, removing slag, standing at 800 ℃ for 15-25min at 700-;
and 5: annealing
Annealing the casting at 200-500 deg.c for 0.5-3 hr to obtain eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy.
8. A method for the preparation of a eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step (1): preparation of
Preparing raw materials of Fe, Mn, Si, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ti and Al according to the element component proportion of the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy; preparing a Sr alterant raw material Al-10 Sr;
step (2): melting
Heating and melting Al raw materials into an aluminum melt, adding other element raw materials into the aluminum melt, and stirring uniformly after all the raw materials are melted to obtain an alloy melt; wherein, in the whole smelting process, the temperature is controlled to be 700-760 ℃;
and (3): refining and modifying
Adding a refining agent into the alloy melt for refining, and then adding a Sr alterant raw material Al-10Sr for modification to obtain an aluminum alloy melt after modification;
and (4): post-treatment
Degassing the modified aluminum alloy melt, removing slag, standing at 800 ℃ for 15-25min at 700-;
and (5):
carrying out solid solution-aging treatment on the prepared casting, wherein the solid solution temperature is 490-550 ℃, and the solid solution time is 2-12 h; the aging temperature is 120-.
9. Use of an eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy is used as an anodized aluminum alloy die casting or as a highly heat conductive aluminum alloy die casting;
wherein, the eutectic Al-Fe-Mn-Si-Mg die casting alloy with high silicon and high magnesium is used as a high-strength aluminum alloy die casting.
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