CN115198150B - Aluminium-silicon alloy and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
Aluminium-silicon alloy and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN115198150B CN115198150B CN202210723174.5A CN202210723174A CN115198150B CN 115198150 B CN115198150 B CN 115198150B CN 202210723174 A CN202210723174 A CN 202210723174A CN 115198150 B CN115198150 B CN 115198150B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6 to 9 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, 0.1 to 0.7 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum. The components act according to a specific proportion, so that the plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum materials, in particular to an aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of light weight of automobiles, the use amount of aluminum-silicon alloy on the whole automobile is gradually increased year by year, and the aluminum casting of the automobiles is continuously developed towards the trend of integration, large-scale and thin-wall. The traditional aluminum-silicon alloy needs to be subjected to heat treatment after the step of casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot to improve the strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy, but the heat treatment can lead to deformation of the aluminum-silicon alloy and consume energy. Moreover, the large thin-wall aluminum casting also relates to connection requirements such as riveting, the riveting process cannot crack, and the requirement on plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy material is provided.
Therefore, the aluminum-silicon alloy with high tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity has important significance, and the heat treatment is not needed after the casting step.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides an aluminum-silicon alloy which does not need to be subjected to heat treatment after a casting step and has higher tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows.
The aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
6 to 9 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, 0.1 to 0.7 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
In some of these embodiments, the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in mass percent:
6.5 to 8.0 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of zinc, 0.02 to 0.2 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.25 percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
In some of these embodiments, the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in mass percent:
7 to 8 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of zinc, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of zirconium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.025 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
In some of these embodiments, the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon in the aluminum-silicon alloy is (0.01-0.067): 1.
In some of these embodiments, the aluminum-silicon alloy includes Al 2 A CuMg phase.
The invention provides a preparation method of aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy, mixing the raw materials, and sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy cast ingot.
In some embodiments, in the preparation method of the aluminum-silicon alloy, in the step of mixing the raw materials, the magnesium is wrapped by the aluminum material and then mixed.
In some embodiments, in the method for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy, in the refining step, argon and a flux are used for compound refining.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the refining is 700-730 ℃ and the time is 10-20 min.
The invention provides application of the aluminum-silicon alloy in preparing aluminum-silicon alloy products.
The invention provides an aluminum alloy product, which comprises the aluminum-silicon alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the aluminum-silicon alloy has the following beneficial effects:
according to the aluminum-silicon alloy, silicon, magnesium, manganese, titanium, zirconium, chromium, strontium and aluminum are added according to a specific proportion, and the contents of iron, copper, zinc, calcium, nickel, lead and tin are controlled, so that heat treatment is not needed after a casting step, the aluminum-silicon alloy has higher plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength in an as-cast state, the manufacturing cost of the aluminum-silicon alloy is effectively reduced, the problem that a casting is deformed through heat treatment is avoided, and meanwhile, carbon emission is reduced. Wherein aluminum is used as a matrix, zirconium element and titanium element are matched, and Al with tiny dispersion distribution is obtained in a tissue 3 Zr、Al 3 Ti particles are used as alpha-Al heterogeneous nucleation cores, nucleation points are increased, grains are refined, and the plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy are effectively improved; manganese element and aluminum element to produce MnAl 6 Compound dispersion particles, which improves the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy and obviously refines the recrystallized grains; and manganese element can also react with residual iron element in aluminum to obtain coarse flaky beta-Al 5 Phase conversion of FeSi into block or Chinese character AlSiMnFePhase, improving beta-Al 5 Influence of FeSi on alloy plasticity; the iron element and the manganese element can further form granular Al (Mn, cr, fe) Si phase with the chromium element, so that coarse needle-shaped beta-Al in the aluminum-silicon alloy can be effectively regulated and controlled 5 FeSi phase and blocky Mn-containing phase, thereby reducing adverse effect of iron element and manganese element on plasticity of aluminum-silicon alloy, improving alloy plasticity and improving demoulding tendency; and chromium is dissolved in an aluminum matrix or precipitated in a compound form, so that certain solid solution and precipitation strengthening effects are achieved; on one hand, the alloy can be further matched with magnesium element in a specific proportion to generate Al with copper element which is not dissolved into the matrix in a solid manner 2 CuMg phase, effectively avoiding precipitation of Al in the traditional alloy 2 Adverse effect of Cu on the alloy Jin Suxing and corrosion resistance; on the other hand, the alloy forms a strengthening phase with silicon element, can further improve the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and avoids the formation of excessive coarse strengthening Mg 2 The Si phase affects the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy; the components act according to a specific proportion, so that the plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy are effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the morphology of a metallographic structure of an aluminum-silicon alloy according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM structure morphology diagram of an aluminum-silicon alloy according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows Al in the aluminum-silicon alloy according to example 1 of the present invention 2 A CuMg phase microscopic morphology map;
FIG. 4 is a tensile stress-strain plot of the aluminum-silicon alloy provided in example 1 at room temperature;
FIG. 5 is a tensile stress-strain plot of the aluminum-silicon alloy provided in example 2 at room temperature;
fig. 6 is a diagram showing the bending of the aluminum-silicon alloy castings provided in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 4 and 6.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may refer not only to the specific contents of the components, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components, so long as the contents of the relevant components in the description of the embodiments of the present invention are scaled up or down within the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, the weight described in the specification of the embodiment of the present invention may be mass units known in the chemical industry field such as μ g, mg, g, kg.
The invention provides an aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
6 to 9 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, 0.1 to 0.7 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
The technical staff of the invention find that the iron element is beneficial to avoiding sticking the die, can refine the crystal grains to a certain extent and improve the fluidity of metal, but the iron can form coarse acicular beta-Al in the aluminum-silicon alloy 5 FeSi phase, which reduces toughness of aluminum-silicon alloy; when the titanium element is reasonably matched with other components, the plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy can be improved, and when the content is too high, coarse massive titanium compounds are formed to reduce the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy; the copper element can improve the tensile strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy, but the traditional technology generally precipitates Al 2 Cu phase, al 2 The Cu is obviously reduced in the involution Jin Suxing, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is reduced; zirconium exists in as-cast aluminum silicon alloys mainly in 3 states: firstly, the alloy is solid-dissolved in an aluminum-silicon alloy matrix; secondly, al is used 3 Zr phase exists as alpha-Al heterogeneous nucleation core, nucleation points are added, and grains are refined; thirdly, coarse primary phase Al 3 Zr exists in a form; when the content of the zirconium element is high, coarse Al is formed 3 Zr intermetallic compounds, reduce the tensile strength and yield strength, and fracture toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy; the excessive content of the calcium element generates Al (Ca, sr) Si compound, resulting in suppressed deterioration effect of strontium on silicon.
According to the invention, silicon, magnesium, manganese, titanium, zirconium, chromium, strontium and aluminum are added according to a specific proportion, and the contents of iron, copper, zinc, calcium, nickel, lead and tin are controlled, so that heat treatment is not needed after a casting step, and the aluminum-silicon alloy has higher plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength in an as-cast state, so that the manufacturing cost of the aluminum-silicon alloy is effectively reduced, the problem that a casting is deformed through heat treatment is avoided, and the carbon emission is reduced.
Specifically, aluminum is used as a matrix, zirconium element and titanium element are matched, and tiny dispersion distribution of Al is obtained in a tissue 3 Zr、Al 3 Ti particles as alpha-Al heteronucleiThe core is provided with a nucleation point, grains are refined, and the plasticity, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy are effectively improved; manganese element and aluminum element to produce MnAl 6 Compound dispersion particles, which improves the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy and obviously refines the recrystallized grains; and manganese element can also react with residual iron element in aluminum to obtain coarse flaky beta-Al 5 FeSi phase is converted into blocky or Chinese character-like AlSiMnFe phase, and beta-Al is improved 5 Influence of FeSi on alloy plasticity; the iron element and the manganese element can further form granular Al (Mn, cr, fe) Si phase with the chromium element, so that coarse needle-shaped beta-Al in the aluminum-silicon alloy can be effectively regulated and controlled 5 FeSi phase and blocky Mn-containing phase, thereby reducing adverse effect of iron element and manganese element on plasticity of aluminum-silicon alloy, improving alloy plasticity and improving demoulding tendency; and chromium is dissolved in an aluminum matrix or precipitated in a compound form, so that certain solid solution and precipitation strengthening effects are achieved; on one hand, the alloy can be further matched with magnesium element in a specific proportion to generate Al with copper element which is not dissolved into the matrix in a solid manner 2 CuMg phase, effectively avoiding precipitation of Al in the traditional alloy 2 Adverse effect of Cu on the alloy Jin Suxing and corrosion resistance; on the other hand, the alloy forms a strengthening phase with silicon element, can further improve the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and avoids the formation of excessive coarse strengthening Mg 2 The Si phase affects the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy; the components act according to a specific proportion, so that the plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy are effectively improved.
In some examples, the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in mass percent:
6.5 to 8.0 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of zinc, 0.02 to 0.2 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.25 percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
In some examples, the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in mass percent:
7 to 8 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of zinc, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of zirconium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.025 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
In some preferred examples, the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
7.22% of silicon, 0.18% of magnesium, 0.08% of iron, 0.4% of manganese, 0.1% of titanium, 0.01% of copper, less than or equal to 0.01% of zinc, 0.12% of zirconium, 0.14% of chromium, 0.021% of strontium, 0.008% of calcium, less than or equal to 0.05% of nickel, less than or equal to 0.05% of lead, less than or equal to 0.05% of tin, less than or equal to 0.05% of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
In some examples, the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon in the aluminum-silicon alloy is (0.01-0.067): 1.
It is understood that the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon may be 0.01:1, 0.011:1, 0.02:1, 0.021:1, 0.025:1, 0.027:1, 0.03:1, 0.04:1, 0.05:1, 0.061:1, 0.067:1, etc.
Further, the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is (0.025-0.04) 1; optionally, the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.025:1.
The maximum solid solubility of silicon in aluminum is 1.65%, and the maximum solid solubility of silicon in aluminum is 0.05% at room temperature; the silicon element forms a binary or multi-element eutectic structure in the aluminum-silicon alloy, so that the fluidity of aluminum liquid is increased, the solidification shrinkage rate is reduced, the casting process performance of the aluminum-silicon alloy is effectively improved, and the hardness and the tensile strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy are improved. However, with the increase of the content of silicon elements, hypereutectic silicon and even primary silicon can be generated, so that the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is reduced. Researchers in the invention find that after the silicon element content in the aluminum-silicon alloy exceeds 9%, the silicon element content is continuously increased, so that the fluidity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is not obviously increased, and the plasticity of the alloy is reduced; and when the content of the silicon element is less than 6%, the casting performance of the aluminum-silicon alloy is reduced.
In some examples, the aluminum-silicon alloy includes Al 2 A CuMg phase.
In some of these examples, the aluminum-silicon alloy includes an Al (Mn, cr, fe) Si phase.
The solubility of magnesium element in aluminum at room temperature is 0.34%, and the ultimate solubility is 14.9%; by adding magnesium element in a specific proportion, on one hand, al can be generated with copper element which is not dissolved into the matrix in the alloy 2 CuMg phase, avoiding Al 2 Cu precipitation adversely affects the plasticity and corrosion resistance of the alloy; on the other hand, the Si element in the magnesium and aluminum-silicon alloy acts to form a strengthening phase Mg 2 Si, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the alloy are effectively improved. On the other hand, if the magnesium content is too high, excessive Mg is generated 2 The Si strengthening phase thus results in a reduction of the plasticity of the aluminium-silicon alloy.
In some examples, the mass ratio of chromium to silicon in the aluminum-silicon alloy is (0.0056-0.058): 1.
It will be appreciated that the mass ratio of chromium to silicon may be 0.0056:1, 0.006:1, 0.007:1, 0.01:1, 0.018:1, 0.019:1, 0.02:1, 0.03:1, 0.04:1, 0.05:1, 0.056:1, 0.058:1, etc.
Further, the mass ratio of chromium to silicon is (0.019-0.04): 1; optionally, the mass ratio of chromium to silicon is 0.019:1.
By controlling the adding proportion of chromium, the adverse effect of iron element and manganese element on plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is reduced, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, the demolding tendency is improved, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy are improved; and the chromium content is too high, and coarse chromium-rich phases are generated at the grain boundary, so that the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy can be reduced.
An embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy, mixing the raw materials, and sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy cast ingot.
Specifically, steps S10 to S40 are included.
Step S10: providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy, mixing the raw materials, and smelting to obtain the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid aluminum liquid.
In some examples, in step S10, the feedstock includes aluminum ingots, aluminum silicon, magnesium blocks, and aluminum manganese, aluminum titanium, aluminum zirconium, aluminum chromium, aluminum strontium master alloys.
It is understood that copper, iron, zinc, calcium, nickel, lead and tin are introduced as impurity elements in the alloy, and the content of the components in the finally prepared aluminum-silicon alloy is in accordance with the proportion.
Further, the aluminum ingot is an a00 aluminum ingot.
In some examples, in step S10, the magnesium is wrapped with aluminum and then mixed.
The technical staff of the invention find out in the research that a certain floating space exists in the magnesium element content in the aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy, so that the added content of the magnesium element is difficult to control accurately; and the melting point of the aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy is about 450 ℃, which is far lower than the melting temperature of aluminum liquid, and the problem of burning loss and oxidation easily occurs during the addition. The melting point of the pure magnesium is 650 ℃, the melting point is closer to the melting temperature of the molten aluminum, compared with the addition of the aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy, the oxidation burning loss caused by the lower melting point of the aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy can be reduced to a certain extent, but the magnesium burning loss and oxidation caused by the contact with air in the process of adding the pure magnesium ingot cannot be avoided.
According to the invention, the aluminum material is used for wrapping the magnesium blocks, so that on one hand, oxidation and pollution of magnesium ingots in the preparation stage can be reduced; on the other hand, in the smelting stage, the magnesium ingot can be prevented from being oxidized by contact with air, the effects of isolating oxygen and protecting the magnesium ingot are achieved, and the burning loss and oxidization of magnesium in smelting are reduced.
In some examples, in step S10, the aluminum material is aluminum foil or aluminum plate. Further, the thickness of the aluminum material is 0.02mm to 2.0mm.
It is understood that the type of aluminum material is not limited, and the aluminum foil or the aluminum plate composition is based on the aluminum-silicon alloy composition which is not affected. Further, the aluminum material for wrapping is a 1-series aluminum alloy.
In some examples, in step S10, the raw materials are dried at 120-150 ℃ for 1-2 hours for later use.
It is understood that drying the feedstock at a specific temperature for a specific time prevents the feedstock from absorbing moisture that would result in excessive moisture content of the aluminum-silicon alloy.
In some examples, in step S10, adding a capping agent is also included.
Further, the capping agent is selected from at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, or commercially available RF-1.
In some examples, in step S10, the temperature of the melting is 680 ℃ to 740 ℃.
In some specific examples, in the step S10, firstly, an aluminum ingot is melted, then an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy is added, and the temperature is raised to 720-740 ℃ for melting; then adding aluminum-manganese, aluminum-titanium, aluminum-zirconium and aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy for melting to obtain a second aluminum-silicon alloy liquid; and then the second aluminum-silicon alloy liquid is reduced to 680-700 ℃, and the magnesium block, the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy and the covering agent are added for smelting, so that the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid aluminum liquid is obtained.
Further, the step S10 further includes a step of removing impurities on the surface of the second aluminum-silicon alloy liquid.
Step S20: and (3) refining the aluminum liquid of the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid obtained in the step (S10).
In some examples, in step S20, the argon and the flux are used for composite refining to obtain a third aluminum-silicon alloy liquid aluminum liquid.
Compared with a single purifying method of gas or flux, the high-purity argon compound purifying method adopting the entrained flux has better purifying effect. The principle is that after high-purity argon blows the flux into the aluminum melt, the flux is rapidly dispersed into the aluminum melt to be melted to form a flux film; the flux film surrounds the bubble surface in the aluminum melt, the oxide film on the bubble surface is dissolved to break the bubble surface, and the gas in the melt floats upwards; and meanwhile, the flux film also improves the surface activity of bubbles and enhances the adsorption deslagging capacity.
In some examples, in step S20, the refining temperature is 700-730 ℃ and the refining time is 10-20 min.
In some examples, in step S20, a covering agent and a refining agent are added to the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid aluminum liquid for refining.
Further, the capping agent is selected from at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite, or commercially available RF-1; the refining agent is at least one selected from hexachloroethane, zinc dichloride, manganese dichloride or RJ-1 sold in the market.
It is understood that the covering agent and the refining agent are dried for 1-2 hours at 120-150 ℃ so as to prevent the moisture content of the aluminum-silicon alloy from being overlarge due to moisture absorption of auxiliary materials.
In some examples, after the refining step is finished, skimming slag to remove impurities on the upper surface of the melt, and standing for 5-10 min.
Step S30: and (3) casting the third aluminum-silicon alloy liquid aluminum liquid obtained in the step (S20) to obtain an alloy cast ingot.
In some examples, in step S30, the casting is vacuum die casting, pressure casting, or squeeze casting.
It will be appreciated that the alloy ingot is formed in a casting mold.
An embodiment of the invention provides an application of the aluminum-silicon alloy in preparing aluminum alloy products. In another embodiment of the present invention, an aluminum alloy product is provided, which comprises the aluminum-silicon alloy described above.
The aluminum-silicon alloy is used for preparing aluminum alloy products, and can endow the aluminum alloy products with higher plasticity, tensile strength and yield strength.
In some of these embodiments, the aluminum alloy articles include, but are not limited to, automotive aluminum castings, wire and cable, cross-rail profiles, electrodes.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy product may be made of the aluminum-silicon alloy described above, i.e., the aluminum-silicon alloy is directly used for preparing the aluminum alloy product. In other embodiments, the aluminum alloy product may include other materials besides the aluminum-silicon alloy.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The following examples of the aluminum-silicon alloy and the preparation method and application thereof according to the present invention, it is to be understood that the aluminum-silicon alloy and the preparation method and application thereof according to the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Preparing a raw material A00 aluminum ingot, aluminum silicon, aluminum manganese, aluminum iron, aluminum titanium, aluminum zirconium, aluminum chromium and aluminum strontium intermediate alloy according to the following mass percent, wrapping an aluminum foil magnesium block on the outer layer, and an auxiliary material covering agent RF-1 and a refining agent RJ-1, and drying the raw material and the auxiliary material at 140-150 ℃ for 2 hours for later use;
8.56% of silicon; magnesium 0.23%; copper 0.07%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.35%; iron 0.20%; titanium 0.14%; zirconium 0.15%; chromium 0.16%; strontium 0.020%; 0.009% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05%, the total content of the impurities is not more than 0.15%, and the balance is aluminum; wherein the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.027:1; the mass ratio of chromium to silicon is 0.019:1;
putting an A00 aluminum ingot into a crucible to be completely melted, adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, heating to 740 ℃, adding aluminum-manganese, aluminum-iron, aluminum-titanium, aluminum-zirconium and aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy after the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring and melting to obtain a second aluminum-silicon alloy liquid; protecting the melt by adopting a covering agent, removing impurities on the surface of the melt, standing for 10min, reducing the temperature of the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid to 690 ℃, quickly pressing magnesium blocks and aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy coated with aluminum foil on the outer layer into the bottom of a crucible for melting, and adding the covering agent for protection to obtain the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid; heating the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid to 720 ℃, introducing high-purity argon mixed with RJ-1 flux to refine and degas the aluminum alloy liquid for 15min, removing impurities on the surface of a melt body by slagging off again after refining, standing for 10min, and preparing an aluminum-silicon alloy test rod by adopting a die casting method after the obtained first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid is qualified in component detection, wherein the metallographic structure morphology diagram is shown in figure 1, the SEM structure morphology diagram is shown in figure 2, and the Al in the aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared by adopting a die casting method 2 The microscopic morphology of the CuMg phase is shown in FIG. 3.
Example 2
Raw materials: silicon 7.22%; 0.18% of magnesium; copper 0.01%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.40%; iron 0.08%; 0.10% of titanium; zirconium 0.12%; chromium 0.14%; strontium 0.021%; 0.008% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.05%; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum; wherein the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.025:1; the mass ratio of chromium to silicon is 0.019:1;
putting an A00 aluminum ingot into a crucible to be completely melted, adding an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, heating to 720 ℃, adding aluminum-manganese, aluminum-titanium, aluminum-zirconium and aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy after the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring and melting to obtain a second aluminum-silicon alloy liquid; protecting the melt by adopting an RF-1 covering agent, removing impurities on the surface of the melt, standing for 10min, cooling the second aluminum-silicon alloy liquid to 700 ℃, rapidly pressing a magnesium block and an aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy coated with aluminum foil on the outer layer into the bottom of a crucible for melting, and adding the covering agent for protection to obtain a first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid; heating the first aluminum-silicon alloy liquid to 720 ℃, introducing high-purity argon mixed with RJ-1 flux to refine and degas the aluminum alloy liquid for 15min, removing impurities on the surface of the melt by skimming slag again after refining, standing for 10min, and preparing an aluminum-silicon alloy test rod by adopting a die casting method after the aluminum liquid of the obtained third aluminum-silicon alloy liquid is qualified in component detection.
Example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 9% of silicon; 0.1% of magnesium; copper 0.07%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.1%; iron 0.20%; titanium 0.14%; zirconium 0.15%; chromium 0.05%; strontium 0.020%; 0.009% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum; wherein the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.011:1; the mass ratio of chromium to silicon is 0.006:1.
Example 4
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: silicon 6.1%; magnesium 0.37%; copper 0.28%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.65%; iron 0.23%; titanium 0.2%; zirconium 0.25%; chromium 0.34%; strontium 0.03%; 0.09% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum; wherein the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.061:1; the mass ratio of chromium to silicon was 0.056:1.
Example 5
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.56% of silicon; 0.26% of magnesium; copper 0.07%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.35%; iron 0.20%; titanium 0.14%; zirconium 0.15%; chromium 0.26%; strontium 0.020%; 0.009% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum; wherein the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.03:1; the mass ratio of chromium to silicon was 0.03:1.
Example 6
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.56% of silicon; magnesium 0.34%; copper 0.07%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.35%; iron 0.20%; titanium 0.14%; zirconium 0.15%; chromium 0.34%; strontium 0.020%; 0.009% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum; wherein the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is 0.04:1; the mass ratio of chromium to silicon was 0.04:1.
Example 7
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the magnesium block was directly added in the form of magnesium block without wrapping with aluminum foil.
Example 8
The procedure was substantially the same as in example 1, except that no flux was added in the refining step, and high-purity argon gas was directly introduced to refine and deaerate the aluminum alloy liquid.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 10.0% of silicon; 0.46% of magnesium; copper < 0.01%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; manganese 0.60%; iron 0.06%; 0.20% of titanium; zirconium < 0.01%; chromium < 0.01%; strontium 0.020%; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.56% of silicon; magnesium 0.05%; copper 0.07%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.35%; iron 0.20%; titanium 0.14%; zirconium 0.15%; chromium 0.16%; strontium 0.020%; 0.009% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.30% of silicon; 0.35% of magnesium; copper 0.48%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; manganese 0.37%; iron 0.17%; titanium 0.09%; zirconium < 0.01%; chromium < 0.01%; 0.015% of strontium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
Comparative example 4
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.50% of silicon; 0.39% of magnesium; copper 0.60%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; 1.10% of manganese; iron 0.52%; 0.20% of titanium; zirconium < 0.01%; chromium < 0.01%; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
Comparative example 5
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.55% of silicon; magnesium 0.23%; copper 0.07%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; manganese 0.35%; iron 0.21%; titanium 0.13%; zirconium 0.32%; chromium 0.14%; strontium 0.02%; 0.15% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
Comparative example 6
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.56% of silicon; magnesium 0.23%; copper 0.08%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; manganese 0.34%; iron 0.2%; titanium 0.14%; zirconium 0.14%; chromium 0.38%; strontium 0.021%; 0.009% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
Comparative example 7
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 8.56% of silicon; magnesium 0.23%; copper 0.07%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; manganese 0.35%; iron 0.20%; titanium 0.14%; zirconium 0.15%; chromium 0.01%; strontium 0.020%; 0.009% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
Comparative example 8
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the raw materials were: 12.4% of silicon; magnesium 0.21%; copper 0.20%; zinc is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; manganese 0.33%; iron 0.08%; titanium 0.09%; zirconium 0.12%; chromium 0.14%; strontium 0.02%; 0.008% of calcium; nickel is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; lead is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; tin is less than or equal to 0.05%; the total content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The compositions of the partial elements of each example and each comparative example are shown in Table 1 in wt%.
TABLE 1
The aluminum-silicon alloy castings prepared in each example and each comparative example are subjected to tensile strength, yield strength and elongation performance tests in an as-cast state. The GB/T228.1 is implemented under the test conditions and the test standards of tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, and the requirements on the as-cast high-plasticity aluminum-silicon alloy material are as follows: the compressive strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 120MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10%; the tensile stress-strain curve of the aluminum-silicon alloy provided in example 1 at room temperature is shown in fig. 4, the tensile stress-strain curve of the aluminum-silicon alloy provided in example 2 at room temperature is shown in fig. 5, and other test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the comparative example, the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared in the example has better comprehensive properties of tensile strength, yield strength and plasticity, meets the specification of the as-cast high-plasticity aluminum-silicon alloy material, and can obtain lower sludge index; whereas comparative examples 1 and 8 have higher magnesium element content and/or higher silicon element content, which has a greater influence on the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy; the copper element content of the comparative example 3 is higher, the copper element and manganese element content of the comparative example 4 are higher, the zirconium element and calcium element content of the comparative example 5 are higher, and the chromium element content of the comparative example 6 is higher, so that the elongation of the aluminum-silicon alloy is reduced to different degrees, and the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy is affected; comparative example 2, the content of magnesium element is low, and the strength of the aluminum-silicon alloy is difficult to meet the use requirement; comparative example 7, the chromium element content was low and the plasticity of the aluminum-silicon alloy was lowered.
The bending conditions of the aluminum-silicon alloy castings provided in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 4 and 6 are shown in fig. 6, wherein a in fig. 6 represents the aluminum-silicon alloy casting provided in comparative example 4, b in fig. 6 represents the aluminum-silicon alloy casting provided in comparative example 6, c in fig. 6 represents the aluminum-silicon alloy casting provided in example 1, and d in fig. 6 represents the aluminum-silicon alloy casting provided in example 2.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the aluminum-silicon alloy castings prepared in comparative example 4 and comparative example 6 have smaller bending amplitude and lower plasticity; the aluminum-silicon alloy provided by the embodiment has better plasticity.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present invention, which facilitate a specific and detailed understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. It should be understood that, based on the technical solutions provided by the present invention, those skilled in the art may obtain technical solutions through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments, which are all within the scope of protection of the appended claims. The scope of the patent of the invention should therefore be determined with reference to the appended claims, which are to be construed as in accordance with the doctrines of claim interpretation.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
6 to 9 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, 0.1 to 0.7 percent of manganese, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of zinc, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of chromium, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum;
the preparation method of the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy, mixing the raw materials, and sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy ingot, wherein the alloy ingot is the aluminum-silicon alloy;
wherein, in the step of mixing the raw materials, the magnesium is wrapped by aluminum materials and then mixed;
in the refining step, argon and flux are adopted for compound refining.
2. The aluminum-silicon alloy of claim 1, comprising, in mass percent:
6.5 to 8.0 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of iron, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of zinc, 0.02 to 0.2 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.25 percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
3. The aluminum-silicon alloy of claim 1, comprising, in mass percent:
7 to 8 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of magnesium, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of iron, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of copper, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of zinc, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of zirconium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of chromium, 0.01 to 0.025 percent of strontium, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of calcium, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other single impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum.
4. The aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium to the silicon is (0.01 to 0.04): 1.
5. The aluminum-silicon alloy of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of chromium to silicon is (0.01-0.04): 1.
6. The aluminum-silicon alloy of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises Al 2 A CuMg phase.
7. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-silicon alloy of any one of claims 1-6, mixing the raw materials, and then sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy ingot, wherein the alloy ingot is the aluminum-silicon alloy; wherein, in the step of mixing the raw materials, the magnesium is wrapped by aluminum materials and then mixed;
in the refining step, argon and flux are adopted for compound refining.
8. The method for preparing aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 7, wherein the refining temperature is 700-730 ℃ and the refining time is 10-20 min.
9. Use of an aluminium-silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for the preparation of aluminium-silicon alloy articles.
10. An aluminum alloy product, characterized in that the material comprises the aluminum-silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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