CN110343884B - Preparation process of high-heat-conductivity extruded aluminum alloy section - Google Patents
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a high-heat-conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile, which comprises the working procedures of 1) fusion casting, 2) refining, 3) extrusion, 4) actual effect and the like, wherein an online air cooling technology is adopted, so that the working procedure of solution treatment is omitted, and the production efficiency is improved; and various parameters, especially actual effect parameters, in the preparation process are optimized to obtain the optimal scheme. The invention also improves the formula of the aluminum alloy, reduces the contents of Mg and Si in the aluminum alloy components, controls the Mg/Si ratio to ensure that the alloy type is Si slightly excessive, and adds boron to eliminate the harmful effect of V. On the premise of keeping the hardness, the conductivity of the product is improved. Proved by verification, the Vickers hardness of the product reaches more than 11Hw, the tensile strength is higher than 215MPa, the electric conductivity at 20 ℃ is higher than 56% IACS, the heat conductivity coefficient reaches more than 220W/mK, and all technical parameters reach the world leading level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation process of a high-heat-conductivity extruded aluminum alloy section.
Technical Field
At present, the domestic low-voltage bus duct market is mature and standardized, the competition is violent, and in some national large key engineering projects, the requirements on products not only require the products to be high in grade, but also have more important requirement factors, such as energy conservation, safety and reliability in power utilization and the like. But at present, almost no bus duct production enterprises with high conductivity and energy-saving grade exist in China, and the bus duct production enterprises can only reach the international level if the bus duct production enterprises exist: such as part of the busway products produced by schneider.
Heat treatment has a significant effect on the strength and thermal conductivity of the alloy. Wherein the homogenization treatment can eliminate the segregation in the crystal and strengthen the phase Mg2Si is dissolved in the matrix and the acicular Fe-containing phase becomes spheroidized, but too low or too high a temperature for homogenization treatment lowers the thermal conductivity. When the temperature is too high, solute atoms in the matrix are increased, crystal grains are coarsened, and the conductivity is low. Second, in the solution treatment of Al-Mg-Si, the higher the solution temperature, the lower the thermal conductivity, and the strength increases with the increase in temperature, and decreases with the increase in temperature after reaching the maximum value. The higher the solid solution temperature, the more sufficient the excessive phase dissolution, while the lower the temperature, some of the phases are not continuously precipitated in the grain boundary, which is advantageous for the heat conduction, and the lowest point of the solid solution temperature has the highest thermal conductivity. And a strengthening phase Mg2Si and alloy elements are dissolved into the matrix to the maximum extent, the temperature of overburning is not generated, the lattice distortion is maximum, and the strength is highest. Thirdly, the aging temperature of the extruded Al-Mg-Si alloy is very important, the aging temperature is high, and the thermal conductivity is improved along with the increase of the aging timeThe heat conductivity is reduced because part of strengthening phases are subjected to solid solution when the aging time is too long; the aging temperature is low, and the defects in the alloy cannot be effectively repaired due to slow atom movement. The quality of the conductor serving as a key technology of the bus duct material is improved, so that who knows the technology is in the highest point, and who can become a leading sheep in the bus duct industry all over the world and occupy a larger market share.
The currently famous transnational aluminum industry group mainly includes SAPA (HYDRO) (Sapa (Haidelu)), Southwire (south American line), ALCOM (American aluminum), Alcan (Rio Tinto) (added with aluminum (Li Tuo)), and the like, and the performance of the extruded aluminum alloy produced by the companies is that the general 6101 type material has T6 state, tensile strength of 200-205 MPa and thermal conductivity of 218W/m.K at 25 ℃. The aluminum alloy products used as the material of the bus duct can meet the requirements of a plurality of large key engineering projects in China at present and high-end users on the aspects of energy conservation, safe and reliable electricity utilization and the like of the products, and occupies huge market share of high-grade bus ducts in China. However, most of the products and technologies are mastered by foreign companies, and the high price of the products causes the cost performance of the products to be very low, so that many users are forbidden, and also causes many engineering costs to be very high, thereby bringing great burden to the nation and the people.
Therefore, the preparation process of the aluminum alloy material is needed to be optimized according to the requirements of the current domestic bus duct product materials, so that the aluminum alloy material with the technical parameters reaching the world leading level and high cost performance is obtained, and the high-end requirements of the current domestic market are met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the requirements of the aluminum alloy material for the bus duct in China at present, the conductivity of the aluminum alloy material is researched. Since the thermal conductivity is positively correlated with the electrical conductivity of the material, the composition and texture of the material determines the thermal conductivity. The lower the content of impurity element, the more Mg is in excess at the same conductivity2The smaller the amount of Si, the higher the thermal conductivity when the microstructure is in a peak precipitation state, and researches show that the addition of B can reduce the amount of V in the material and improve the thermal conductivity. Therefore, the invention provides a preparation tool for extruding the aluminum alloy material with high heat conductivityThe method comprises the steps of reducing the content of Mg and Si in the aluminum alloy components, controlling the Mg/Si ratio to enable the alloy type to be Si-excessive, adding boron to eliminate the harmful effect of V, optimizing aging process parameters, and improving the conductivity to be more than 56% IACS on the premise of keeping the hardness of 70 HV. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation process of a high-heat-conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:
1) casting: according to the formula amount, firstly adding aluminum-silicon alloy and aluminum into a furnace, heating to 700-800 ℃ for melting, then adding boron and magnesium, and melting to obtain a casting coarse material;
2) refining: controlling the temperature of the cast coarse material in the step 1) to be 720-740 ℃, adding a proper amount of refiner and refining agent, refining for 15-20 min, controlling the temperature to be 680-710 ℃, and standing for 15-20 min to obtain a cast fine material;
3) extruding: cooling the casting concentrate in the step 1) to 480-530 ℃ by adopting an online air cooling mode, then pumping the cooled casting concentrate into a spindle container of an extruder, extruding and injecting the cooled casting concentrate into a mold, and carrying out air cooling again to 50-120 ℃ to obtain a cast semi-finished product;
4) aging: and (3) preserving the temperature of the cast semi-finished product in the step 3) at 180-200 ℃ for 6-8 hours, cooling and demolding to obtain the aluminum alloy section.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 1), the formula amount is as follows by weight percent: 0.33-0.37% of Si, 0.52-0.56% of Mg, 0.12% of Fe, 0.005% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.02% of V and/or Ti, 0.01% of Cu, 0.05% of Zn, 0.03% of B and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
The preferable formula is as follows: 0.35% of Si, 0.55% of Mg, 0.12% of Fe, 0.005% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.02% of V and/or Ti, 0.01% of Cu, 0.05% of Zn, 0.03% of B, and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
Another preferred formulation is: 0.35% of Si, 0.56% of Mg, 0.08% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.004% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.01% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.001% of Cu, 0.04% of Zn, 0.011% of B, and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
Preferably, in the step 2), the refiner is Al-Ti-C or Al-Ti-B, and the refining agent is 40% Na3AlF6+30% NaCl +30% KCl.
Preferably, in the step 2), liquid nitrogen or 99.99% nitrogen is introduced for protection in the refining process.
According to a preferable technical scheme, in the step 3), the air cooling speed of the online air cooling is 200-2400C/min.
Preferably, in the step 3), the mold and the ingot holding barrel are both preheated, the mold is heated at 480-500 ℃, and the ingot holding barrel is heated at 460-470 ℃.
Preferably, in step 4), the aging is carried out at 187 ℃ for 7 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the requirements of the current domestic bus duct product materials, the preparation process is optimized, the contents of Mg and Si in aluminum alloy components are reduced, the Mg/Si ratio is controlled, the alloy type is Si slightly excessive, the harmful influence of V is eliminated by adding boron, the aging process parameters are optimized, the solid solution treatment process is omitted, the production efficiency is improved, and the electric conductivity is improved to over 56 percent IACS on the premise of keeping the hardness of 70 HV.
The aluminum alloy material obtained by the method of the invention is used for manufacturing the bus duct, and has at least the following advantages: the electric conductivity reaches or exceeds the international standard, and the electric conductivity can improve the transmission efficiency and reduce the line loss after replacing the original T2 copper conductor, thereby saving energy and ensuring safer and more reliable electricity utilization; the second step is as follows: the high heat dissipation coefficient enables the heat dissipation of the bus duct to be faster, the bus duct insulating material to be well protected and the bus duct to run at low temperature, the high heat dissipation coefficient enables the heat dissipation of a bus duct product to be faster, the bus duct insulating material is well protected, the aging period of the insulating material is delayed, the service life of the insulating material is prolonged, and the service life of the bus duct product is further prolonged. Thirdly, besides the technical parameters reaching the world leading level, the material product of the invention also has ultrahigh cost performance and meets the high-end requirement of the current domestic market.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: 0.33% of Si, 0.52% of Mg, 0.12% of Fe, 0.005% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.02% of V and/or Ti, 0.01% of Cu, 0.05% of Zn, 0.03% of B, and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
The preparation steps are as follows:
1) casting: adding aluminum into a furnace according to the mass percent, heating to 700 ℃ for melting, adding other components except the aluminum, and melting to obtain the casting coarse material.
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the casting coarse material in the step 1) at 720 ℃, adding a proper amount of refiner and refining agent, refining for 15-20 min, wherein the refiner is Al-Ti-C or Al-Ti-B, and the refining agent is 40% Na3AlF6+30% NaCl +30% KCl; controlling the temperature at 680 ℃, standing for 15min to obtain casting concentrate;
3) extruding: cooling the casting concentrate in the step 1) to 480 ℃ by adopting an online air cooling mode, then pumping the cooled casting concentrate into a spindle container of an extruder, extruding and injecting the cooled casting concentrate into a mold, and carrying out air cooling again to 50 ℃ to obtain a cast semi-finished product;
4) aging: preserving the heat of the cast semi-finished product in the step 3) at 200 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling and demoulding to obtain the aluminum alloy section for later use.
Example 2
A preparation method of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: 0.35% of Si, 0.55% of Mg, 0.12% of Fe, 0.005% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.02% of V and/or Ti, 0.01% of Cu, 0.05% of Zn, 0.03% of B, and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
The preparation steps are as follows:
1) casting: adding aluminum into a furnace according to the mass percent, heating to 750 ℃ for melting, adding other components except the aluminum, and melting to obtain a casting coarse material.
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the casting coarse material in the step 1) at 730 ℃, adding a proper amount of refiner and refining agent, refining for 18min, wherein the refiner is Al-Ti-C or Al-Ti-B, and the refining agent is 40% Na3AlF6+30% NaCl +30% KCl; controlling the temperature at 700 ℃, and standing for 15 ℃ to obtain casting concentrate;
3) extruding: cooling the casting concentrate in the step 1) to 500 ℃ by adopting an online air cooling mode, then pumping the cooled casting concentrate into a spindle container of an extruder, extruding and injecting the cooled casting concentrate into a mold, and carrying out air cooling again to 100 ℃ to obtain a cast semi-finished product;
4) aging: preserving the temperature of the cast semi-finished product in the step 3) at 180 ℃ for 7 hours, cooling and demoulding to obtain the aluminum alloy section for later use.
Example 3
A preparation method of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: 0.35% of Si, 0.56% of Mg, 0.08% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.004% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.01% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.001% of Cu, 0.04% of Zn, 0.011% of B, and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
The preparation steps are as follows:
1) casting: according to the mass percent, firstly adding aluminum into a furnace, heating to 800 ℃ for melting, then adding other components except aluminum, and melting to obtain the casting coarse material.
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the casting coarse material in the step 1) at 740 ℃, adding a proper amount of refiner and refining agent, and refining20min, wherein the refiner is Al-Ti-C or Al-Ti-B, and the refiner is 40% Na3AlF6+30% NaCl +30% KCl; controlling the temperature at 710 ℃, and standing for 20min to obtain casting concentrate;
3) extruding: cooling the casting concentrate in the step 1) to 530 ℃ by adopting an online air cooling mode, then pumping the cooled casting concentrate into a spindle container of an extruder, extruding and injecting the cooled casting concentrate into a mold, and carrying out air cooling again to 120 ℃ to obtain a cast semi-finished product;
4) aging: preserving the temperature of the cast semi-finished product in the step 3) for 8 hours at 180 ℃, cooling and demoulding to obtain the aluminum alloy section for later use.
Example 4
The finished aluminum alloy is detected by a Vickers hardness tester and a tensile strength tester, and the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy casting obtained in each embodiment are detected, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 Properties of the aluminium alloy sections prepared by the process according to the invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the Vickers hardness of the aluminum alloy prepared by the method is more than 11Hw, the tensile strength is more than 215MPa, the electric conductivity at 20 ℃ is more than 56% IACS, the heat conductivity coefficient is more than 220W/mK, and all technical parameters reach the world leading level.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification describes embodiments, this does not include only one embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to make the specification as a whole, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation process of a high-heat-conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) casting: according to the formula amount, firstly adding aluminum-silicon alloy and aluminum into a furnace, heating to 700-800 ℃ for melting, then adding boron and magnesium, and melting to obtain a casting coarse material;
2) refining: controlling the temperature of the cast coarse material in the step 1) to be 720-740 ℃, adding a proper amount of refiner and refining agent, refining for 15-20 min, controlling the temperature to be 680-710 ℃, and standing for 15-20 min to obtain a cast fine material;
3) extruding: cooling the casting concentrate in the step 1) to 480-530 ℃ by adopting an online air cooling mode, then pumping the cooled casting concentrate into a spindle container of an extruder, extruding and injecting the cooled casting concentrate into a mold, and carrying out air cooling again to 50-120 ℃ to obtain a cast semi-finished product;
4) aging: preserving the temperature of the cast semi-finished product in the step 3) at 180-200 ℃ for 6-8 hours, cooling and demolding to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
wherein: in the step 1), the formula amount is as follows by weight percent: 0.33-0.37% of Si, 0.52-0.56% of Mg, 0.12% of Fe, 0.005% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.02% of V and/or Ti, 0.01% of Cu, 0.05% of Zn, 0.03% of B and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
2. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the formula amount is as follows by weight percent: 0.35% of Si, 0.55% of Mg, 0.12% of Fe, 0.005% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.02% of V and/or Ti, 0.01% of Cu, 0.05% of Zn, 0.03% of B, and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is not more than 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
3. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the formula amount is as follows by weight percent: 0.35% of Si, 0.56% of Mg, 0.08% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.004% of Cr and/or Mn, 0.01% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.001% of Cu, 0.04% of Zn, 0.011% of B, and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentage of the other inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance of Al.
4. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the refiner is Al-Ti-C or Al-Ti-B.
5. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the refining agent is 40% of Na3AlF6+30% NaCl +30% KCl.
6. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), liquid nitrogen or 99.99% nitrogen is introduced for protection in the refining process.
7. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the air cooling speed of the online air cooling is 200-2400C/min.
8. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the mold and the ingot containing barrel are preheated, the heating temperature of the mold is 480-500 ℃, and the heating temperature of the ingot containing barrel is 460-470 ℃.
9. The process for preparing a high thermal conductivity extruded aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 4), the aging is carried out at 187 ℃ for 7 hours.
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| EP4134460A1 (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-15 | Shanghai XPT Technology Limited | Aluminum alloy with preferred mechanical property and preferred electrical and thermal conductivity and related manufacturing method |
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| CN113249622B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-09-30 | 广东澳美铝业有限公司 | Production process of high-glossiness extruded aluminum profile and extruded aluminum profile |
| CN111560574A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-21 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Heat treatment process of high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy |
| CN111636018A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-08 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy and casting method thereof |
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| CN1760497A (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-04-19 | 上海振兴铝业有限公司 | Weatherproof color shape bars in aluminium alloy, and manufacturing method |
| CN101121978A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2008-02-13 | 深圳市富亿通精密科技有限公司 | High electric-conductivity heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy material, preparation method and application thereof |
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