CN115612899B - High-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-conductivity and anti-fatigue aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mg:0.6-0.9%, si:0.4-0.9%, la:0.02-0.10%, cu:0.1-0.2%, fe: < 0.3%, mn: less than 0.02%, cr: < 0.02%, B: less than 0.06% and the balance Al. The invention realizes the great improvement of the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy material through rare earth microalloying and thermo-mechanical processing technology optimization preparation, the tensile strength of the obtained aluminum alloy material is more than 355MPa, the conductivity is more than 57.5 percent IACS, and the fatigue strength is (10 times 7 The maximum stress when the secondary alternating load action does not generate fracture) is more than 140MPa, and the pressure is 20MPa higher than that of the common 6061 alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy has higher specific strength, good formability and excellent electric and heat conductivity, and is widely applied to the processing and manufacturing of transmission line wires/fittings. The electric power is developed in green and low carbon, low-loss and high-efficiency electric energy transmission is an objective requirement, and a safe and stable grid structure is a prerequisite. Land resources are increasingly tensioned, so that more and more power transmission lines need to pass through a severe ice wind area, and when severe weather occurs, the power transmission lines in the severe ice wind area are affected by galloping, icing and deicing, and low-frequency high-level load can be generated on wires/hardware fittings; meanwhile, breeze vibration can occur to the power transmission line in daily normal operation, and the breeze vibration belongs to high-frequency, small-amplitude and low-level stress vibration; the wires/hardware will be threatened by fatigue for a long time under the combined action. In order to ensure long-term safety and stability of the grid structure of the power transmission line, development of an anti-fatigue aluminum alloy material is important; meanwhile, in order to reduce the loss in the power transmission process, the aluminum alloy material also needs to have high conductivity so as to meet the purpose of low-loss and high-efficiency electric energy transmission. In summary, the development of highly conductive, fatigue resistant aluminum alloy materials is critical to the serving national "dual carbon" objective.
However, as a high-strength aluminum alloy Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloy material, the fatigue resistance performance is always a short plate in industrial application, and according to the contents recorded in the prior literature, the fatigue strength of the 6061 aluminum alloy which is most widely applied is only 80-120MPa according to the processing technology. In order to improve the fatigue resistance of aluminum alloys, xintong Wang et al (International Journal of Fatigue (2022) 106990) increased the fatigue life of AA6086-T6 by about 20% by pre-deformation treatment prior to artificial aging, however, it did not consider the effect of pre-deformation on conductivity. Qi Zhang et al (Nature Communications (2020) 11:5198) effectively improves the fatigue strength of the high-strength aluminum alloy in an underageing and high-stress cyclic loading (cyclic for hundreds of times) mode, but the strength of the aluminum alloy provided by the method is less than 250MPa, and for a transmission line in a severe ice wind area, the strength is low, and due to the underageing treatment, solid-solution alloy elements cannot be effectively separated out, the conductivity of the alloy is affected, and the requirement of high conductivity cannot be met.
The Chinese patent with publication number of CN103469037 discloses an aluminum alloy with high heat stability and fatigue resistance and a heat treatment process, and the structural heat stability and fatigue resistance of the alloy under the condition of strength higher than 500MPa are improved by microalloying and implementing a low-temperature and large-deformation extrusion process. The Chinese patent with publication number of CN105483579B discloses a processing technology for improving fatigue damage resistance of a 2X aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following steps: (1) smelting the alloy in batches and casting into cast ingots; (2) Sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment, milling and aluminum cladding on the cast ingot, and preheating to prepare a hot rough rolled plate; (3) Performing hot finish rolling and cold rolling on the hot rough rolled plate to deform the hot rough rolled plate to the thickness of a finished plate; (4) carrying out recrystallization pre-annealing treatment; (5) carrying out solution quenching treatment; (6) Straightening the plate and naturally aging the plate to a stable state. According to the patent, through adding recrystallization pre-annealing treatment, the average equivalent diameter of crystal grains in the L-ST section of the plate and the aspect ratio of the crystal grains can be effectively controlled, and the tensile mechanical property and the fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy plate are improved. The fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved by the microalloying and heat treatment process, but since the fatigue resistance and the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy are in negative correlation, the electric conductivity is reduced when the fatigue resistance is improved, and the fatigue resistance of the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy can not be improved by the 2xxx Al-Cu alloy. Therefore, aiming at two indexes of aluminum alloy fatigue resistance and conductivity which show an inverse relation, an aluminum alloy conductor material with high conductivity and excellent fatigue resistance is developed and is very important for constructing a low-carbon green power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material prepared by optimizing the microalloying and thermo-mechanical processing technology is more than 355MPa, the conductivity is more than 57.5 percent IACS, and the fatigue strength (10 percent) 7 Maximum stress when no fracture occurs due to secondary alternating load) is more than 140MPa.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:0.6-0.9%, si:0.4-0.9%, la:0.02-0.10%, cu:0.1-0.2%, fe: < 0.3%, mn: less than 0.02%, cr: < 0.02%, B: less than 0.06% and the balance Al.
Further, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:0.6-0.7%, si:0.5-0.6%, cu:0.12-0.18%, fe: < 0.2%, mn: less than 0.01%, cr: < 0.01%, B:0.02-0.04%, la:0.04-0.08% and the balance Al.
Further, the aluminum alloy conductor material contains the total content of unavoidable impurities which is less than 0.1%.
Further, the preparation method of the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating Al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy;
(2) Smelting and melting industrial pure aluminum to obtain aluminum liquid, and sequentially adding Cu, al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid according to a proportion to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
(3) Adding 30-60% NaCl, 20-30% KCl and 10-25% Na into the mixed aluminium liquid obtained in step (2) 3 AlF 6 The mixture of the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy is used as a refining agent to refine the mixed aluminum liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(4) Adding rare earth La element or Al-La intermediate alloy as ingredients into the aluminum alloy melt in the step (3) for microalloying treatment, and pouring to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(5) And (3) carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (4), and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, pre-aging treatment, medium-temperature deformation treatment, cold deformation treatment and artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material.
Further, the preheating temperature of the Al-Si master alloy in the step (1) is 450-500 ℃; the preheating temperature of the Al-Mg intermediate alloy is 300-400 ℃.
Further, the H content in the aluminum alloy melt in the step (3) is less than 0.2mL/100g; the slag content in the aluminum alloy melt is not more than 5000 slag/kg.
Further, when the pure rare earth La element is selected as the ingredient for micro-alloying treatment in the step (4), the weight percentage of O in the pure rare earth La element is less than 200ppm, and the weight percentage of other impurity elements is less than 0.5%; when the Al-La alloy is selected as a material for micro-alloying treatment, the preparation of the Al-La intermediate alloy is carried out in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere protection furnace, wherein the weight percentage of O in the Al-La intermediate alloy is less than 200ppm.
Further, when rare earth La element is added as an ingredient in the step (4) to carry out micro-alloying treatment, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is adjusted to 700-720 ℃; and (3) after the rare earth La element is added into the aluminum alloy melt in the step (4) for micro-alloying treatment, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is increased to 740-760 ℃, high-purity nitrogen is blown in for purification, and then the scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt is removed and poured into a die.
Further, the homogenization parameters in the step (5) are as follows: keeping the temperature at 450-500 ℃ for 12-36h, and then cooling to room temperature; the solid solution process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 520-550 ℃, and water quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 1-2 h; the technological parameters of the pre-ageing are as follows: heating to 100-120 ℃ within 20-35s, preserving heat for 25-60s, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 3-4 ℃/h; the technological parameters of the medium temperature deformation are as follows: the deformation temperature is 170-210 ℃ and the deformation amount is 10-60%; the cold deformation amount is 60-85%; the artificial aging process parameters are as follows: aging temperature is 175-250 ℃, and heat preservation time is 30min-1.5h.
Further, the medium temperature deformation in the step (5) is any one of medium temperature extrusion, medium temperature rolling and medium temperature forging; the cold deformation is any one of room temperature rolling, room temperature drawing and room temperature extrusion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the positive and beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, high-purity La micro-alloying is added into the aluminum alloy melt, so that the aluminum alloy melt is purified, slag inclusion and hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid are reduced, and the grain size of an aluminum alloy cast ingot is reduced, thereby improving the conductivity of the aluminum alloy; and after adding high-purity La micro-alloying into the aluminum alloy melt, carrying out thermal mechanical processing treatments such as solid solution, pre-aging, medium-temperature deformation, cold deformation, artificial aging and the like, wherein the addition of trace La reduces the solid solubility of solute Si and Mg in an Al matrix, reduces the contribution of solid solution atoms Si and Mg to Jin Dianzu rate, and thus improves the conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
(2) According to the invention, high-purity La micro-alloying is added into an aluminum alloy melt, the high binding energy between La-vacancies and the strong action between La-Si and La-Mg reduce the precipitation activation energy of beta 'strengthening phase of an aluminum alloy matrix, and after Cu element is added, cu atoms form clusters as beta' phase nucleation particles in the aging treatment process; the activation energy is reduced, the cluster synergistic coupling effect promotes the precipitation of beta-strengthening phases in the aluminum alloy matrix, the size of the beta-precipitation phases in the aluminum alloy matrix is reduced, and meanwhile, the number density and the volume fraction of the beta-precipitation phases in the aluminum alloy matrix are increased, so that the fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved.
(3) According to the invention, mg and Si atoms are promoted to be biased to form Mg-Si clusters through a short-time/low-temperature pre-ageing process, the Mg-Si clusters are used as nucleation points in the subsequent medium-temperature deformation process to promote the high-density precipitation of beta ' strengthening phases in the aluminum alloy matrix, and meanwhile, the temperature of medium-temperature deformation is controlled below the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy and is in a beta ' phase precipitation temperature interval, so that a large amount of dislocation generated in the aluminum alloy matrix in the deformation process is used as heterogeneous nucleation points of the beta ' phase, the dispersed precipitation of the beta ' phase is promoted, and the size of the beta ' strengthening phases in the aluminum alloy matrix is further reduced; the medium-temperature deformation time is short, the beta 'phase is insufficiently separated out, the aging treatment is carried out after high-density dislocation heterogeneous nuclear spots are introduced into an aluminum alloy matrix through cold deformation, and the aging time is controlled, so that the alloy is in an underaging state, at the moment, most of the beta' phase and the aluminum alloy matrix keep a semi-coherent relation, part of nano-grade separated phases and the aluminum alloy matrix keep a coherent relation, when the material bears fatigue load, dislocation can cut through the separated phases, the reciprocating sliding of the dislocation is facilitated, and the closing of the tips of partial fatigue cracks is induced; on the other hand, due to the large number of vacancies introduced by cold deformation, the precipitated phase cannot be precipitated in the aging process due to the fact that the vacancies are poor in the adjacent areas of the grain boundaries, the area of the precipitated phase-free areas of the grain boundaries, which play the role of fatigue crack initiation, is eliminated, and the fatigue resistance of the aluminum alloy is remarkably improved through the coupling effect.
(4) The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy obtained by the preparation method is more than 355MPa at the conventional room temperature, the conductivity is more than 57.5% IACS, and the two indexes are superior to the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy used at home and abroad at present; fatigue strength of aluminum alloy (warp 10) 7 The maximum stress when the secondary alternating load action does not generate fracture) is more than 140MPa, and the pressure is 20MPa higher than that of the common 6061 alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy material of example 3;
FIG. 2 is a fatigue S-N graph of the aluminum alloy material in example 3;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron photograph of a precipitated phase of the aluminum alloy material of example 3.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following examples, which are included within the scope of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mg:0.6%, si:0.4%, la:0.02%, cu:0.2%, fe:0.28%, mn:0.018%, cr:0.019%, B:0.05%, the total of unavoidable impurities is 0.09%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating an Al-Si intermediate alloy and an Al-Mg intermediate alloy to 450 ℃ and 300 ℃ respectively;
(2) Smelting and melting industrial pure aluminum to obtain aluminum liquid, and sequentially adding Cu, al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid according to a proportion to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
(3) 30% NaCl, 20% KCl and 25% Na 3 AlF 6 Is used as refining agent for mixingRefining the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, wherein the H content in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.18mL/100g, and the slag content is 5000 pieces/kg;
(4) After the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step (3) is adjusted to 700 ℃, adding rare earth La element as an ingredient to carry out microalloying treatment, wherein the weight content of O in the added rare earth La element is 180ppm, the weight percentage content of other impurity elements is 0.45%, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 740 ℃ after microalloying treatment, blowing high-purity nitrogen to purify, removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and pouring into a mould to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(5) Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (4), preserving heat at 450 ℃ for 36 hours during homogenizing, then air-cooling to room temperature, and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, pre-aging treatment, medium-temperature extrusion, room-temperature rolling and artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material.
The parameters of the solution process in this embodiment are: the temperature is 520 ℃, and water quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 2 hours; the parameters of the pre-ageing process are as follows: heating to 100 ℃ within 20s, preserving heat for 60s, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 3 ℃/h; the parameters of the medium-temperature extrusion process are as follows: the deformation temperature is 170 ℃, and the medium-temperature extrusion deformation amount is 10%; the deformation amount of room temperature rolling is 60%; the parameters of the artificial aging process are as follows: the aging temperature is 175 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1.5h. The cold deformation in the step (5) is any one of room temperature rolling, room temperature drawing and room temperature extrusion.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this example was 365.4MPa, the electrical conductivity was 57.8% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 153MPa.
Example 2
A high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mg:0.7%, si:0.5%, la:0.04%, cu:0.18%, fe:0.25%, mn:0.015%, cr:0.018%, B:0.04%, the total of unavoidable impurities is 0.07%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating an Al-Si intermediate alloy and an Al-Mg intermediate alloy to 460 ℃ and 320 ℃ respectively;
(2) Smelting and melting industrial pure aluminum to obtain aluminum liquid, and sequentially adding Cu, al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid according to a proportion to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
(3) With 40% NaCl, 22% KCl and 20% Na 3 AlF 6 Refining the mixed aluminum liquid by taking the mixture as a refining agent to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, wherein the H content in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.15mL/100g, and the slag content is 4150/kg;
(4) Adding Al-La alloy into the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step (3) as an ingredient to carry out microalloying treatment, wherein the preparation of the Al-La intermediate alloy is carried out in a vacuum furnace, and the weight content of O in the Al-La intermediate alloy is 180ppm, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(5) Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (4), preserving heat for 30 hours at 460 ℃ during homogenizing, then air-cooling to room temperature, and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, pre-aging treatment, intermediate-temperature rolling, room-temperature drawing and artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material.
The parameters of the solution process in this embodiment are: the temperature is 530 ℃, and water quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 1.8 h; the parameters of the pre-ageing process are as follows: heating to 105 ℃ within 25 seconds, preserving heat for 50 seconds, and then cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 3.2 ℃/h; the parameters of the medium temperature rolling process are as follows: the deformation temperature is 180 ℃, and the medium-temperature rolling deformation is 20%; the deformation amount of room temperature drawing is 65%; the parameters of the artificial aging process are as follows: the aging temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.2h.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this example was 378.5MPa, the electrical conductivity was 58.2% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 145MPa.
Example 3
A high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mg:0.65%, si:0.455%, la:0.06%, cu:0.15%, fe:0.18%, mn:0.009%, cr:0.009%, B:0.03%, the total of unavoidable impurities is 0.02%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating an Al-Si intermediate alloy and an Al-Mg intermediate alloy to 480 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively;
(2) Smelting and melting industrial pure aluminum to obtain aluminum liquid, and sequentially adding Cu, al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid according to a proportion to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
(3) With 50% NaCl, 25% KCl and 18% Na 3 AlF 6 Refining the aluminum liquid by taking the mixture as a refining agent to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, wherein the H content in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.1mL/100g, and the slag content is 3230 pieces/kg;
(4) After the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step (3) is adjusted to 710 ℃, adding rare earth La element as an ingredient to carry out microalloying treatment, wherein the weight content of O in the added rare earth La element is 150ppm, the weight percentage content of other impurity elements is 0.3%, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 750 ℃ after microalloying treatment, blowing high-purity nitrogen to purify, removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and pouring into a mould to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(5) Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (4), preserving heat at 480 ℃ for 24 hours during homogenizing, then air-cooling to room temperature, and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, pre-aging treatment, medium-temperature forging, room-temperature extrusion and artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material.
The parameters of the solution process in this embodiment are: the temperature is 540 ℃, and water quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 1.5 h; the parameters of the pre-ageing process are as follows: heating to 110 ℃ within 30s, preserving heat for 40s, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 3.5 ℃/h; the parameters of the medium temperature forging process are as follows: the deformation temperature is 200 ℃, and the medium-temperature forging deformation is 40%; the deformation amount of the extrusion at room temperature is 75%; the parameters of the artificial aging process are as follows: the aging temperature is 220 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this example was 361MPa, the electrical conductivity was 57.9% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 155MPa.
As can be seen from the tensile stress-strain curve diagram of the aluminum alloy material in the attached figure 1, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material is 361MPa, and the yield strength is 337MPa.
As can be seen from the S-N curve of the aluminum alloy material of FIG. 2 under an alternating load with a stress ratio of 0.1, the aluminum alloy material is subjected to a stress ratio of 10 at 155MPa 7 The secondary fatigue test sample is not damaged, which indicates that the aluminum alloy material in the embodiment has excellent fatigue resistance.
As can be seen from the transmission electron microscope photograph of the precipitated phases of the aluminum alloy material in the attached figure 3, the high-density nano precipitated phases are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix.
Example 4
A high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mg:0.8%, si:0.9%, la:0.08%, cu:0.2%, fe:0.15%, mn:0.012%, cr:0.015%, B:0.02%, the total of unavoidable impurities is 0.06%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating an Al-Si intermediate alloy and an Al-Mg intermediate alloy to 490 ℃ and 380 ℃ respectively;
(2) Smelting and melting industrial pure aluminum to obtain aluminum liquid, and sequentially adding Cu, al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid according to a proportion to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
(3) 55% NaCl, 28% KCl and 15% Na 3 AlF 6 Refining the aluminum liquid by taking the mixture as a refining agent to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, wherein the H content in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.12mL/100g, and the slag content is 2050/kg;
(4) Adding Al-La alloy into the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step (3) as an ingredient to carry out microalloying treatment, wherein the preparation of the Al-La intermediate alloy is carried out in a vacuum furnace, and the weight content of O in the Al-La intermediate alloy is 150ppm, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(5) Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (4), preserving heat at 490 ℃ for 18 hours during homogenizing, then air-cooling to room temperature, and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, pre-aging treatment, intermediate-temperature rolling, room-temperature rolling and artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material.
The parameters of the solution process in this embodiment are: maintaining the temperature at 545 ℃ for 1.2h, and then performing water quenching; the parameters of the pre-ageing process are as follows: heating to 115 ℃ within 32s, preserving heat for 30s, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 3.8 ℃/h; the parameters of the medium temperature rolling process are as follows: the deformation temperature is 205 ℃, and the deformation amount of the medium-temperature rolling is 50%; the deformation of the rolling at room temperature is 80%; the parameters of the artificial aging process are as follows: the aging temperature is 230 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 45min.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this example was 358MPa, the electrical conductivity was 57.6% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 142MPa.
Example 5
A high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: mg:0.9%, si:0.7%, la:0.1%, cu:0.17%, fe:0.2%, mn:0.01%, cr:0.01%, B:0.04%, the total of unavoidable impurities is 0.04%, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating an Al-Si intermediate alloy and an Al-Mg intermediate alloy to 500 ℃ and 350 ℃ respectively;
(2) Smelting and melting industrial pure aluminum to obtain aluminum liquid, and sequentially adding Cu, al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid according to a proportion to obtain mixed filtrate;
(3) 60% NaCl, 30% KCl and 10% Na 3 AlF 6 Refining the aluminum liquid by taking the mixture as a refining agent to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, wherein the H content in the aluminum alloy melt is 0.14mL/100g, and the slag content is 1000 slag/kg;
(4) After the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step (3) is adjusted to 720 ℃, adding rare earth La element as an ingredient to carry out microalloying treatment, wherein the weight content of O in the added rare earth La element is 120ppm, the weight percentage content of other impurity elements is 0.35%, raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 760 ℃ after microalloying treatment, blowing high-purity nitrogen to purify, removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, and pouring into a mould to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(5) Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (4), preserving heat for 12 hours at 500 ℃ during homogenizing, then air-cooling to room temperature, and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, pre-aging treatment, medium-temperature forging, room-temperature drawing and artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material.
The parameters of the solution process in this embodiment are: the temperature is 550 ℃, and water quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 1 h; the parameters of the pre-ageing process are as follows: heating to 120 ℃ within 35s, preserving heat for 25s, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 4 ℃/h; the parameters of the medium temperature forging process are as follows: the deformation temperature is 210 ℃, and the deformation amount of medium-temperature forging is 60%; the deformation amount of room temperature drawing is 85%; the parameters of the artificial aging process are as follows: the aging temperature is 250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30min.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this example was 358MPa, the electrical conductivity was 58.2% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 141MPa.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 3 is that: and (3) carrying out microalloying treatment without adding rare earth La element. The remainder was identical to example 3.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this comparative example was 305MPa, the electrical conductivity was 52.3% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 92MPa.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 3 is that: in step (5), no pre-ageing treatment is performed. The remainder was identical to example 3.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this comparative example was 315MPa, the electrical conductivity was 55.3% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 106MPa.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 3 is that: in the step (5), no medium temperature deformation treatment is performed. The remainder was identical to example 3.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this comparative example was 330MPa, the electrical conductivity was 53.4% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 98MPa.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 3 is that: in the step (5), no cold deformation treatment is performed. The remainder was identical to example 3.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained in this comparative example was 295MPa, the electrical conductivity was 54.8% IACS, and the fatigue strength was 102MPa.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the practice of the invention to these descriptions, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mg:0.6-0.9%, si:0.4-0.9%, la:0.02-0.10%, cu:0.1-0.2%, fe: < 0.3%, mn: less than 0.02%, cr: < 0.02%, B: less than 0.06% and the balance Al; the preparation method of the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating Al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy;
(2) Smelting and melting industrial pure aluminum to obtain aluminum liquid, and sequentially adding Cu, al-Si, al-Mg and Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid according to the composition ratio to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
(3) Adding 30-60% NaCl, 20-30% KCl and 10-25% Na into the mixed aluminium liquid obtained in step (2) 3 AlF 6 The mixture of the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy is used as a refining agent to refine the mixed aluminum liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(4) Adding rare earth La element or Al-La intermediate alloy as an ingredient into the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step (3) for micro-alloying treatment, and pouring to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(5) Homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (4), and then sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, pre-aging treatment, medium-temperature deformation treatment, cold deformation treatment and artificial aging treatment to obtain the high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material;
the homogenization parameters in the step (5) are as follows: keeping the temperature at 450-500 ℃ for 12-36h, and then cooling to room temperature; the solid solution process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 520-550 ℃, and water quenching is carried out after heat preservation for 1-2 h; the technological parameters of the pre-ageing are as follows: heating to 100-120 ℃ within 20-35s, preserving heat for 25-60s, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 3-4 ℃/h; the technological parameters of the medium temperature deformation are as follows: the deformation temperature is 170-210 ℃ and the deformation amount is 10-60%; the cold deformation amount is 60-85%; the artificial aging process parameters are as follows: aging temperature is 175-250 ℃, and heat preservation time is 30min-1.5h.
2. The high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mg:0.6-0.7%, si:0.5-0.6%, cu:0.12-0.18%, fe: < 0.2%, mn: less than 0.01%, cr: < 0.01%, B:0.02-0.04%, la:0.04-0.08% and the balance Al.
3. A highly conductive, fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the total of the unavoidable impurity elements in the aluminum alloy conductor material is < 0.1% by weight.
4. The high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the Al-Si master alloy in the step (1) is 450-500 ℃; the preheating temperature of the Al-Mg intermediate alloy is 300-400 ℃.
5. The high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 1, wherein the H content in the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step (3) is less than 0.2mL/100g; the slag content in the aluminum alloy melt is not more than 5000 slag/kg.
6. The high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 1, wherein when pure rare earth La is selected as a material for micro-alloying treatment in the step (4), the weight percentage of O in the pure rare earth La is less than 200ppm, and the weight percentage of other impurity elements is less than 0.5%; when the Al-La alloy is selected as a material for micro-alloying treatment, the preparation of the Al-La intermediate alloy is carried out in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas atmosphere protection furnace, wherein the weight percentage of O in the Al-La intermediate alloy is less than 200ppm.
7. The high-conductivity and fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is adjusted to 700-720 ℃ when rare earth La element is added as an ingredient for micro-alloying treatment in the step (4); and (3) after the rare earth La element is added into the aluminum alloy melt in the step (4) for micro-alloying treatment, the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is increased to 740-760 ℃, high-purity nitrogen is blown in for purification, and then the scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy melt is removed and poured into a die.
8. The high-conductivity, fatigue-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 1, wherein the medium temperature deformation in the step (5) is any one of medium temperature extrusion, medium temperature rolling and medium temperature forging; the cold deformation is any one of room temperature rolling, room temperature drawing and room temperature extrusion.
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| EP2527479A1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-11-28 | Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH | Highly conductive aluminium alloy for electrically conductive products |
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