TWI816051B - 熱塑性彈性體組成物與其發泡材料及製造方法 - Google Patents

熱塑性彈性體組成物與其發泡材料及製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI816051B
TWI816051B TW109132257A TW109132257A TWI816051B TW I816051 B TWI816051 B TW I816051B TW 109132257 A TW109132257 A TW 109132257A TW 109132257 A TW109132257 A TW 109132257A TW I816051 B TWI816051 B TW I816051B
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ethylene
copolymer
styrene
thermoplastic elastomer
elastomer composition
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TW202112955A (zh
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鄭文瑋
施希弦
徐嘉鴻
曾宇璨
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台橡股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明提供一種用於發泡的熱塑性彈性體組成物,包含乙烯系共聚物(A);烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),該烯烴嵌段共聚物不同於該乙烯系共聚物;不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C);以及架橋劑(D),其中該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)與該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)之重量比為1:1.5 至 1:5。

Description

熱塑性彈性體組成物與其發泡材料及製造方法
本發明係關於一種熱塑性彈性體組成物,特別是含有乙烯系共聚物的組成物,用於製造發泡材料。
輕量化產品已成為全球各產業發展之重點目標。發泡材料亦持續備受關注,已廣泛應用於汽車相關零件、建築相關材料、各種包裝緩衝材料、民生用品、運動用品等。因此,發泡材料的柔軟性、緩衝性、回彈性、輕量性等亦逐漸被要求。發泡材料強度會隨密度下降而大幅下降,使得於特定用途上其物性不足。目前結構強度較高之發泡材料大多經由化學交聯發泡來獲得,其對發泡材料性能改善程度仍有限制。
超臨界流體發泡為近年來實現材料輕量化且較環保的技術之一。於特定溫度與壓力下使氮氣或二氧化碳等氣體形成超臨界狀態後溶解於聚合物中,接著釋放壓力使氣泡成核進而使材料輕量化。惟使用超臨界流體發泡亦存在著發泡後發泡材料性能降低的問題,所以改善發泡材料性能仍為持續研究的課題。近年來,高性能彈性體材料如TPEE、TPU、TPAE亦逐漸被使用於超臨界流體發泡,但此類材料價格昂貴,市場競爭力較差,為了降低成本混用其他材料亦無法使發泡材料性能達到最佳。
習知也有以價格較低的乙烯系共聚物來製作發泡材料,如US9879133B2、TWI647262、US10626259B2、US9260578B2、TWI665242、US9493623B2中所述。惟此等發泡材料仍不免有各種缺點。
本發明係提供一種熱塑性彈性體組成物,其可製成發泡材料,該發泡材料的比重不大於0.2,較佳不大於0.16。於一較佳實施例,該發泡材料的比重不大於0.16,該發泡材料之垂直反彈性不小於70%而且壓縮永久變形不大於35%。
於一實施例,本發明提供一種用於發泡的熱塑性彈性體組成物,包含:乙烯系共聚物(A);烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),該烯烴嵌段共聚物不同於該乙烯系共聚物;不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C);以及架橋劑(D),其中該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)與該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)之重量比為1:1.5至1:5。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中基於該組成物的總重量,該組成物包含20-45wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),30-50wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),以及10-25wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中基於該組成物的總重量,該組成物包含30-45wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),35-50wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),以及10-20wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中基於該組成物的總重量,該組成物包含30-40wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),40-50wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),以及10-20wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中基於該組成物的總重量,該組成物包含15-20wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該組成物不含丙烯酸金屬鹽。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯系共聚物(A)係選自具羰基的乙烯系共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物或其混合物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該具羰基的乙烯系共聚物為乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸離子聚合物或其混合物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物為乙烯-丙烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-丁烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-庚烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-辛烯無規共聚物、乙烯-4-甲基-1-戊烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-壬烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-癸烯無規共聚物、氯化聚乙烯丙烯-丁烯無規共聚物、其改性物、或其混合物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)為乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為三元乙丙烯橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、丁基橡膠、異戊二烯橡膠或其混合物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯系共聚物(A)為乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物或其混合物;該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)為乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物;且該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為三元乙丙烯橡膠。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物之密度範圍為0.935-0.955 g/cm3 ,且醋酸乙烯酯(VA)含量範圍為14-35 wt%,該乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物為乙烯-1-丁烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯無規共聚物或乙烯-1-辛烯無規共聚物,其密度範圍為0.870-0.910 g/cm3 ,且硬度範圍為70-95A。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物為乙烯-1-辛烯嵌段共聚物,其密度範圍為0.860-0.890 g/cm3 ,且硬度範圍為60-85A。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該三元乙丙烯橡膠具有密度範圍為0.870-0.910 g/cm3 ,其乙烯含量範圍為60-85質量%,且重均分子量範圍為100,000至200,000。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該架橋劑(D)係選自於由下列所構成的群組:過氧化二異丙苯(dicumyl peroxide)、二叔丁基過氧化物(di-tert-butyl peroxide)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基過氧基)己烷(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基過氧基-3-己炔(2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne)、二叔丁基過氧化異丙基苯(di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene)、1,1-二叔丁基過氧化-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷(1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane)、4,4-二(叔丁基過氧化)戊酸正丁酯(butyl 4,4-bis(tert-butyldioxy)valerate)、過氧化苯甲醯(benzoyl peroxide)、過氧化對氯苯甲醯(p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide)、2,4-二氯過氧化苯甲醯(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide)、過氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯(tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate)、叔丁基過氧異丙基甲酸酯(tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate)、過氧化二乙醯(diacetyl peroxide)、過氧化月桂醯基(lauroyl peroxide)、過氧化叔丁基異丙苯(tert-butyl cumyl peroxide)、叔丁基過氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯(tert-Butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate)及其混合物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中基於該乙烯系共聚物(A)、該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)與該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)合計100重量份,該架橋劑(D)為0.1重量份至1重量份。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包含乙烯芳香族系共聚物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物為部分氫化共聚物、全氫化共聚物或上述之各種組合。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物為苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene, SEBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene, SEPS)、苯乙烯-[乙烯-(乙烯-丙烯)]-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene, SEEPS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene, SEB)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Propylene, SEP)或上述之各種組合。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物為苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)、苯乙烯-(異戊二烯/丁二烯)-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(S-(I/B)-S)、溶聚苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, SSBR)、苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Butadiene, SB)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Isoprene, SI)、或上述之各種組合。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物最高峰分子量為每莫耳80,000至500,000克,更佳為每莫耳90,000至450,000克,最佳為每莫耳90,000至350,000克。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物的乙烯芳香族單體含量為15至35 wt%範圍內。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包括塑化劑,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物與該塑化劑的重量比例為2:1至1:2。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包含塑化劑,該塑化劑係選自於石蠟油、環烷油、芳香油或其組成物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,基於該組成物之總重量,該組成物包含20-35 wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),30-45 wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),10-20 wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C),以及3-25 wt%之該乙烯芳香族系共聚物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,基於該組成物之總重量,該組成物包含35-45 wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),15-20 wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C),以及5-20 wt%之該乙烯芳香族系共聚物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,基於該組成物之總重量,該組成物包含5-10 wt%之該乙烯芳香族系共聚物。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該組成物用於超臨界流體發泡。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包含化學發泡劑。
於一實施例,本發明提供一種混煉物,係以前述之任一熱塑性彈性體組成物混合並熔融製成。
於一實施例,本發明提供一種發泡材料,係以前述之任一熱塑性彈性體組成物製成。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之發泡材料,其中該發泡材料的比重不大於0.2,該發泡材料的垂直反彈性不小於70%,且該發泡材料的壓縮永久變形不大於35%。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之發泡材料,其中該發泡材料的比重不大於0.16,該發泡材料的垂直反彈不小於70%,且該發泡材料的壓縮永久變形不大於35%。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之發泡材料,其中該發泡材料的比重不大於0.13,該發泡材料的垂直反彈不小於70%,且該發泡材料的壓縮永久變形不大於35%。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之發泡材料,該發泡材料可用於建築材料、交通運輸緩衝部件、運動用品或鞋中底。
於一實施例,本發明提供一種製造一發泡材料的方法,包含以下步驟:步驟1:混合並熔融前述之任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物以形成一混煉粒子;步驟2:將該混煉粒子熔融交聯以形成一交聯成型體;及步驟3:將該交聯成型體藉由超臨界流體發泡形成該發泡材料。
於一實施例,本發明提供如前述之方法,其中該超臨界流體為氮氣、二氧化碳或其混合物。
於一實施例,本發明提供一種製造一發泡材料的方法,包含以下步驟:步驟1:混合並熔融前述之任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物以形成一混煉粒子,該熱塑性彈性體組成物更包含化學發泡劑;及步驟2:將該混煉粒子熔融交聯,於該熔融交聯過程中發泡而形成該發泡材料。
本發明尚包含其他各方面以解決其他問題並合併上述之各方面詳細揭露於以下實施方式中。
以下將參考所附圖式示範本發明之較佳實施例。為避免模糊本發明之內容,以下說明亦省略習知之元件、相關材料、及其相關處理技術。
本發明各種特性的量測方法
密度/比重:依據ASTM D792標準測量。
硬度:依據ASTM D2240標準量測。
垂直反彈性:即落球式反彈值,依據ASTM D2632標準量測。
壓縮永久變形:依據ASTM D395標準量測。
乙烯芳香族系共聚物最高峰分子量:採用膠體滲透層析儀量測,為本領域技術人士熟知的量測方法。
乙烯芳香族系共聚物的乙烯芳香族單體含量:使用核磁共振分析儀量測,為本領域技術人士熟知的量測方法。
用於發泡的熱塑性彈性體組成物
本發明之用於發泡的熱塑性彈性體組成物包含乙烯系共聚物(A);烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),該烯烴嵌段共聚物不同於該乙烯系共聚物;不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C);以及架橋劑(D),其中該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)與該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)之重量比為1:1.5至1:5。
於較佳實施例,本發明之熱塑性彈性體組成物不含丙烯酸金屬鹽。丙烯酸金屬鹽易受重壓或受潮而導致結塊,進而影響混煉均勻性。況且,丙烯酸金屬鹽在溫度高於90℃以上會產生自身聚合反應導致交聯時與聚合物間之反應性降低。因此,避免使用丙烯酸金屬鹽之熱塑性彈性體組成物有便於加工的特點。
於較佳實施例,基於該組成物的總重量,該組成物包含20-45 wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),30-50wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),以及10-25wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。於特佳實施例,該組成物包含30-45wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),35-50wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),以及10-20wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。於更佳實施例,該組成物包含30-40wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),40-50wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)。於又更佳實施例,該組成物包含15-20wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。
乙烯系共聚物(A)
乙烯系共聚物(A)為含有乙烯作為單體的任何共聚物,其中乙烯單體的含量超過50wt%。較佳而言,該乙烯系共聚物(A)係選自具羰基的乙烯系共聚物以及乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物。舉例而言,該具羰基的乙烯系共聚物為乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸離子聚合物或其混合物;該乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物為乙烯-丙烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-丁烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-庚烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-辛烯無規共聚物、乙烯-4-甲基-1-戊烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-壬烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-癸烯無規共聚物、氯化聚乙烯丙烯-丁烯無規共聚物、其改性物、或其混合物。作為該改性物,可舉出:將改性劑接枝共聚合於這些共聚物所得到者、或使改性劑共聚合於這些共聚物的主鏈所得到者等。
烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)
烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)係包含譬如乙烯或丙烯重複單元組成的剛性鏈段及譬如α-烯烴重複單元組成的柔性鏈段。該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)不同於該乙烯系共聚物(A)。於較佳實施例,該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)為乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物。α-烯烴可為1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯或1-癸烯,其中以1-辛烯為較佳。α-烯烴重複單元可為由前述至少一種α-烯烴得到的重複單元。
不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)
不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為烯烴單體及/或二烯烴單體的聚合物,其中不飽和是指聚合物結構中至少含有一個以上之雙鍵。該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)不同於該乙烯系共聚物(A)及該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)。具體而言,該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為三元乙丙烯橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、丁基橡膠、異戊二烯橡膠或其混合物。於較佳實例,該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為乙烯單體、丙烯單體、及少量的二烯烴單體構成的三元共聚體,其中二烯烴單體經聚合後可有雙鍵殘留以提供橡膠的硫化。二烯烴單體可為亞乙基降冰片烯(ENB)、乙烯基降冰片烯(VNB)、雙環戊二烯(DCPD),含量可為 0.5 至10 wt%。
於一較佳實施例,所述熱塑性彈性體組成物之該乙烯系共聚物(A)為乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物;該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)為乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物;且該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為三元乙丙烯橡膠。更佳而言,該乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物之密度範圍為0.935-0.955 g/cm3 ,且醋酸乙烯酯(VA)含量範圍為14-35 wt%,該乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物為乙烯-1-丁烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯無規共聚物或乙烯-1-辛烯無規共聚物,其密度範圍為0.870-0.910 g/cm3 ,且硬度範圍為70-95A;該乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物為乙烯-1-辛烯嵌段共聚物,其密度範圍為0.860-0.890 g/cm3 ,且硬度範圍為60-85A;該三元乙丙烯橡膠具有密度範圍為0.870-0.910 g/cm3 ,其乙烯含量範圍為60-85 質量%,且重均分子量範圍為100,000至200,000。
架橋劑(D)
架橋劑(D)為具有交聯功效的添加物,其一般為有機過氧化物。架橋劑(D)較佳選自於由下列所構成的群組:過氧化二異丙苯(dicumyl peroxide)、二叔丁基過氧化物(di-tert-butyl peroxide)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基過氧基)己烷(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基過氧基-3-己炔(2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne)、二叔丁基過氧化異丙基苯(di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene)、1,1-二叔丁基過氧化-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷(1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane)、4,4-二(叔丁基過氧化)戊酸正丁酯(butyl 4,4-bis(tert-butyldioxy)valerate)、過氧化苯甲醯(benzoyl peroxide)、過氧化對氯苯甲醯(p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide)、2,4-二氯過氧化苯甲醯(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide)、過氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯(tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate)、叔丁基過氧異丙基甲酸酯(tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate)、過氧化二乙醯(diacetyl peroxide)、過氧化月桂醯基(lauroyl peroxide)、過氧化叔丁基異丙苯(tert-butyl cumyl peroxide)、叔丁基過氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯(tert-Butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate)及其混合物。又於一實施例,基於該乙烯系共聚物(A)、該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)與該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)合計100重量份,該架橋劑(D)為0.1重量份至1重量份。
於另一實施例,可額外添加架橋助劑,譬如三烯丙基氰脲酸酯(TAC)或三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯(TAIC)。在熱塑性彈性體以過氧化物硫化過程中,架橋助劑有助於與熱塑性彈性體發生共硫化,可改善熱塑性彈性體交聯速率與交聯密度,從而提高彈性體材料的耐熱性、耐候性等。
除上述之成分外,本發明之熱塑性彈性體組成物更可選擇性地包含乙烯芳香族系共聚物。於較佳實施例,基於該組成物之總重量,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物含量為3-25 wt%,或為5-20 wt%,或為5-10 wt%。又更佳而言,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物最高峰分子量為每莫耳80,000至500,000克,更佳為每莫耳90,000至450,000克,最佳為每莫耳90,000至350,000克。又於再更佳實施例,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物的乙烯芳香族單體含量為15至35 wt%。於包含乙烯芳香族系共聚物之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更可選擇性地添加塑化劑。於較佳實施例,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物與該塑化劑的重量比例為2:1至1:2。
於使用乙烯芳香族系共聚物之較佳實施例,基於該組成物的總重量,該組成物包含20-35 wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),30-45 wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),10-20 wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C),以及3-25 wt%之該乙烯芳香族系共聚物。於更佳實施例,該組成物包含35-45 wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),15-20 wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C),以及5-20 wt%之該乙烯芳香族系共聚物。於又更佳實施例,該組成物包含5-10 wt%之該乙烯芳香族系共聚物。
乙烯芳香族系共聚物之單體為乙烯芳香族單體及共軛二烯單體。適用於本發明之共軛二烯單體可為含4個至12個碳原子的共軛二烯,具體例子包括:1,3-丁二烯、1,3-戊二烯、1,3-己二烯、1,3-庚二烯、2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯(異戊二烯)、2-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、2-己基-1,3-丁二烯、2-苯基-1,3-丁二烯、2-苯基-1,3-戊二烯、2-對甲苯基-1,3-丁二烯、2-苄基-1,3-丁二烯(2-benzyl-1,3-butadiene)、3-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、3-甲基-1,3-己二烯、3-丁基-1,3-辛二烯、3-苯基-1,3-戊二烯、4-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯(1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene)、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-戊二烯、2,3-二苄基-1,3-丁二烯(2,3-dibenzyl-1,3-butadiene)、4,5-二乙基-1,3-辛二烯、月桂烯(myrcene),及其上述各項之任何組合,其中1,3-丁二烯及異戊二烯是較佳的選擇。適用於本發明之乙烯芳香族單體,具體例子包括:苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯及其所有異構物、乙基苯乙烯及其所有異構物、叔丁基苯乙烯及其所有異構物、二甲基苯乙烯及其所有異構物、甲氧基苯乙烯及其所有異構物、環己基苯乙烯及其所有異構物、乙烯基聯苯、1-乙烯基-5-己基萘、乙烯基萘、乙烯基蒽、2, 4-二異丙基苯乙烯、5-叔丁基-2-甲基苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、三乙烯基苯、二乙烯基萘、叔丁氧基苯乙烯、4-丙基苯乙烯、4-十二烷基苯乙烯、2-乙基-4-苄基苯乙烯(2-ethyl-4-benzylstyrene)、4-(苯基丁基)苯乙烯、N-4-乙烯基苯基-N,N-二甲胺、(4-乙烯基苯基)二甲基氨基乙基醚、N,N-二甲基氨基甲基苯乙烯、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基苯乙烯、N,N-二乙基氨基甲基苯乙烯、N,N-二乙基氨基乙基苯乙烯、乙烯基二甲苯、乙烯基吡啶、二苯基乙烯、2,4,6-三甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基-2,6-二甲基苯乙烯、α-甲基-2,4-二甲基苯乙烯、β-甲基-2,6-二甲基苯乙烯、β-甲基-2,4-二甲基苯乙烯、茚、含有叔氨基的二苯基乙烯,如l-(4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基)-1-苯基乙烯,及其上述各項之任何組合,其中苯乙烯或甲基苯乙烯及其所有異構物是較佳的選擇。
乙烯芳香族系共聚物可為上述兩種單體或含其他合適聚合性單體的嵌段(Block)、亂序(Random)、漸進嵌段(Taper)排列之聚合物,其中以嵌段共聚物為較佳,又以三嵌段共聚物為更佳。乙烯芳香族系共聚物可選自未氫化共聚物、氫化共聚物或上述之組合,其中該氫化共聚物可為部分氫化共聚物(共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率10~90%)或全氫化共聚物(共軛二烯單體之未飽和雙鍵的氫化率>90%)。較佳而言,乙烯芳香族系共聚物為氫化共聚物。乙烯芳香族系共聚物也包含線性共聚物(linear copolymer)、星狀共聚物(radial copolymer)、分支共聚物(branched copolymer)、或非對稱共聚物(asymmetry copolymer)。較佳而言,乙烯芳香族系共聚物為線性共聚物。氫化乙烯芳香族系共聚物較佳實例為苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene, SEBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene, SEPS)、苯乙烯-[乙烯-(乙烯-丙烯)]-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene, SEEPS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene, SEB)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Propylene, SEP)或上述之各種組合。非氫化乙烯芳香族系共聚物較佳實例為苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)、苯乙烯-(異戊二烯/丁二烯)-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(S-(I/B)-S)、溶聚苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, SSBR)、苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Butadiene, SB)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Isoprene, SI)、或上述之各種組合。
塑化劑係選自於石蠟油、環烷油、芳香油或其組成物。除此以外,本發明還可添加其他加工助劑係選自增黏劑、增塑劑或熔融強度增強劑。增黏劑可為松香樹脂、石油系樹脂、萜烯樹脂或寡聚物(oligomer),其中該寡聚物為由許多個相同或不同的結構單元(structural unit)聚合而成,該寡聚物重均分子量小於10,000。較佳而言,寡聚物為乙烯、丁烯、苯乙烯或上述單體之各種組合所聚合而成。增塑劑為一種增加材料的柔軟性或使材料液化的添加劑。增塑劑為脂肪油系增塑劑或環氧化油類增塑劑。脂肪油系增塑劑為甘油、蓖麻油、大豆油或硬脂酸鋅。環氧化油類增塑劑為環氧化大豆油或環氧化亞麻子油。熔融強度增強劑是一種增加材料熔融強度的添加劑。熔融強度增強劑為含氟化物,其中以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene)為較佳。
除上述之成分外,本發明之熱塑性彈性體組成物更可選擇性地包含化學發泡劑。可使用已知合適的有機發泡劑或無機發泡劑。有機發泡劑可包含偶氮化合物、亞硝基化合物、磺酰肼類化合物等。偶氮化合物具體實例如:偶氮二甲醯胺(ADCA)、偶氮二異丁腈(AIBN)、偶氮二甲酸二異丙酯(DIPA)、偶氮二甲酸鋇(BaAC)、偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(Azoform E)、重氮氨基苯、偶氮二羧酸鋇等;亞硝基化合物具體實例如:N,N’-二亞硝基五亞甲基四胺(DPT)、N,N’-二亞硝基- N,N’-二甲基對苯二甲醯胺(NTA)等;磺酰肼類化合物具體實例如:苯磺醯肼、對甲苯磺醯肼(TSH)、4,4’-氧代雙苯磺醯肼(OBSH)、3,3’-二磺醯肼二苯碸、1,3-苯二磺醯肼、對甲苯磺醯氨基脲、4,4’-氧代雙苯磺醯氨基脲、三肼基三嗪(THT)、5-苯基四唑等。無機發泡劑可包含碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫銨、碳酸銨、亞硝酸銨、硼氫化鈉、金屬粉等。
製造發泡材料的方法
本發明製造發泡材料的方法可藉由化學發泡或物理發泡。採用化學發泡則可使用含化學發泡劑的熱塑性彈性體組成物。採用物理發泡則較佳係使用不含化學發泡劑的熱塑性彈性體組成物。
於較佳實施例,以物理發泡製造一發泡材料的方法包含以下步驟:步驟1:混合並熔融上述之熱塑性彈性體組成物以形成一混煉粒子,該熱塑性彈性體組成物不含化學發泡劑;步驟2:將該混煉粒子熔融交聯以形成一交聯成型體;步驟3:將該交聯成型體藉由物理發泡形成該發泡材料。
混煉粒子為將熱塑性彈性體組成物經由混煉押出的造粒物。混煉粒子形狀沒有特別限定,可為圓狀、片/膜狀、線料狀、碎屑狀等。於更佳之實施例,物理發泡之步驟2更包含將多個混煉粒子經壓延程序壓成薄片以去除氣泡後,薄片置入模具中熱壓熔融交聯以形成該交聯成型體。於另一更佳之實施例,物理發泡之步驟2包含藉由射出機將混煉粒子熔融射至模具中進行熱壓交聯以形成該交聯成型體。於更佳之實施例,物理發泡之步驟3為將該交聯成型體含浸於超臨界流體中一段時間後洩壓以形成該發泡材料。超臨界流體可為二氧化碳或氮氣,或其混合物。
於較佳實施例,以化學發泡製造一發泡材料的方法包含以下步驟:步驟1:混合並熔融上述之熱塑性彈性體組成物以形成一混煉粒子,該熱塑性彈性體組成物含化學發泡劑;步驟2:將該混煉粒子置於加熱模具內熔融交聯,於步驟2之熔融交聯過程中發泡而形成該發泡材料。混煉粒子形狀沒有特別限定,可為圓狀、片/膜狀、線料狀、碎屑狀等。於更佳之實施例,化學發泡之步驟2更包含將多個混煉粒子經壓延程序壓成薄片以去除氣泡後,薄片置入加熱模具中熱壓熔融交聯以成型,而且於步驟2之熔融交聯過程中化學發泡劑會產生發泡作用而形成該發泡材料。於另一更佳之實施例,化學發泡之步驟2包含藉由射出機將混煉粒子熔融射至模具中進行熱壓交聯以成型,而且於步驟2之熔融交聯過程中化學發泡劑會產生發泡作用而形成該發泡材料。
以下藉由數個較佳實例以更進一步說明本發明之方法、特徵及優點,但並非用來限制本發明之範圍,本發明之範圍應以所附之申請專利範圍為準。
本發明某些實例或比較例所用熱塑性彈性體組成物之各成分說明如下。
乙烯系共聚物(A):三井Tafmer K8505S(表中標示為POE, A-1)、三井Tafmer DF810(表中標示為POE, A-3)、三井Tafmer DF710(表中標示為POE, A-4)、台塑乙烯醋酸乙烯酯7470M(表中標示為EVA, A-2)。
烯烴嵌段共聚物(B):陶氏Infuse 9530(表中標示為OBC-1, B-1)、陶氏Infuse 9107(表中標示為OBC-2, B-2)、陶氏Infuse 9100(表中標示為OBC-3, B-3)。
不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C):陶氏Nordel 4725(表中標示為EPDM, C-1)。
架橋劑(D):AkzoNobel BIBP (表中標示為BIBP, D)。
架橋助劑(E):Kettlitz TAC/GR 50 (表中標示為TAC-50, E)。
乙烯芳香族系共聚物:台橡Taipol 6151 (苯乙烯含量為32 wt%,Mp為330000g/mol,表中標示為SEBS-1)、 台橡Taipol 6014 (苯乙烯含量為18 wt%,Mp為95000g/mol,表中標示為SEBS-2)。
塑化劑:日本出光E-oil(表中標示為Oil)。
實例1
實例1為物理發泡。取如表1所示之實例1的組成物之各成分乾混後放入5升力拿,機台溫度設置100-120℃,轉速40-80RPM,使組成物完全熔融後均勻混煉5-10分鐘後,將混合物投入造粒機以形成混煉粒子。將多個混煉粒子以雙滾輪混煉機進行熔融並壓延成片,滾輪溫度為100-120℃。然後將薄片置入模具中,以熱壓成型方式進行交聯成型。模具溫度設定175±2℃,時間390-450秒,以取得交聯成型體。交聯成型體以自然冷卻方式至室溫以避免應力殘留。接著,將交聯成型體放入超臨界流體高壓反應釜中,將超臨界狀態之氮氣注入高壓反應釜,飽和溫度100-170℃,飽和壓力10-30Mpa,飽和時間0.5-5小時,洩壓後可得一發泡材料。將該發泡材料放置24小時後,進行各項目物性測試。
實例1至實例13及比較例1至7的組成物之各成分請參考表1、表2及表3,其餘步驟參考實例1。
表1 *:成分D及E之單位為重量份,係基於其他成分合計100重量份計算而得。
由表1可知該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)與該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)之重量比為1:1.5至1:5時,可獲得比重維持在0.14 至 0.2 g/cm3 (不大於0.2 g/cm3 )的輕量範圍,垂直反彈性在72至74%(不小於70%)且壓縮永久變形在25至33%(不大於35%)的發泡材料。實例1至實例6的垂直反彈性及壓縮永久變形明顯優於比較例1至3。
表2 *:成分D及E之單位為重量份,係基於其他成分合計100重量份計算而得。
表2顯示添加不大於組成物總重量的25 wt%之乙烯芳香族系共聚物於組成物中的實例。比較表1及表2可知,該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)與該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)之重量比為1:1.5至1:5時,添加乙烯芳香族系共聚物可獲得比重更低更輕量(0.11~0.13 g/cm3 )且維持良好垂直反彈性(不小於70%)的發泡材料。參考表2,實例7至實例11之乙烯芳香族系共聚物的添加比例不大於組成物總重量的20 wt%。相較於實例12及13,實例7至實例11所製得之發泡材料其壓縮永久變形更優。又參考表2,實例8至實例11之乙烯芳香族系共聚物的添加比例為組成物總重量的5至10 wt%,相較於實例7,實例8至實例11所製得之發泡材料其壓縮永久變形更優。
表3 *:成分D及E之單位為重量份,係基於其他成分合計100重量份計算而得。
表3顯示組成物中含不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)及烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)可有較佳的特性。參見表3,比較例4之組成物不含不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C),比較例5之組成物不含烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)。相較於比較例4及5,實例3有較優的垂直反彈性及壓縮永久變形。表3中實例3為不含乙烯芳香族系共聚物之組成物。表3中另有實例11為含有乙烯芳香族系共聚物之組成物。相較於比較例6(不含不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C))及比較例7(不含烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)),實例11有較優的垂直反彈性及壓縮永久變形。
物理發泡為本發明之較佳實施例。除此以外,也可以上述實例之組成物額外加入適當量的化學發泡劑執行化學發泡程序來獲得發泡材料。實際作法舉例如下。
取實例3的組成物並加入3.5重量份(係基於該乙烯系共聚物(A)、該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)與該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)合計100重量份計算而得)之化學發泡劑UNICELL-D600,將各成分乾混後放入5升力拿,機台溫度設置100-120℃,轉速40-80RPM,使組成物完全熔融後均勻混煉5-10分鐘後,將混合物投入造粒機以形成混煉粒子。將多個混煉粒子以雙滾輪混煉機進行熔融並壓延成片,滾輪溫度為100-120℃。然後將薄片置入模具中,以熱壓成型方式進行交聯成型。模具溫度設定175±2℃,時間390-450秒。熔融交聯過程中化學發泡劑會產生發泡作用而形成發泡材料。
本發明更包含將上述之發泡材料製成可用於建築材料、交通運輸緩衝部件、運動用品或鞋中底等用品。
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限制本發明,任何熟習此項技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可做更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當以後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
無。

Claims (24)

  1. 一種用於發泡的熱塑性彈性體組成物,包含: 乙烯系共聚物(A); 烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),該烯烴嵌段共聚物不同於該乙烯系共聚物; 不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C);以及 架橋劑(D),其中該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)與該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)之重量比為1:1.5至1:5。
  2. 如請求項1所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中基於該組成物的總重量,該組成物包含20-45wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),30-50wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),以及10-25wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)。
  3. 如請求項1至2中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯系共聚物(A)係選自具羰基的乙烯系共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物或其混合物。
  4. 如請求項3所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該具羰基的乙烯系共聚物為乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸離子聚合物或其混合物。
  5. 如請求項3所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物為乙烯-丙烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-丁烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-庚烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-辛烯無規共聚物、乙烯-4-甲基-1-戊烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-壬烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-癸烯無規共聚物、氯化聚乙烯丙烯-丁烯無規共聚物、其改性物、或其混合物。
  6. 如請求項1至2中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)為乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物。
  7. 如請求項1至2中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為三元乙丙烯橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、丁基橡膠、異戊二烯橡膠或其混合物。
  8. 如請求項1至2中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該乙烯系共聚物(A)為乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物或其混合物;該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)為乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物;且該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)為三元乙丙烯橡膠。
  9. 如請求項8所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該熱塑性彈性體組成物滿足下列之條件之至少其中之一:(1)該乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物之密度範圍為0.935-0.955g/cm3 ,且醋酸乙烯酯(VA)含量範圍為14-35 wt%;(2)該乙烯-α-烯烴無規共聚物為乙烯-1-丁烯無規共聚物、乙烯-1-己烯無規共聚物或乙烯-1-辛烯無規共聚物,其密度範圍為0.870-0.910 g/cm3 ,且硬度範圍為70-95A;(3)該乙烯-α-烯烴嵌段共聚物為乙烯-1-辛烯嵌段共聚物,其密度範圍為0.860-0.890 g/cm3 ,且硬度範圍為60-85A;(4)該三元乙丙烯橡膠具有密度範圍為0.870-0.910g/cm3 ,其乙烯含量範圍為60-85質量%,且重均分子量範圍為100,000至200,000。
  10. 如請求項1所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中該架橋劑(D)係選自於由下列所構成的群組:過氧化二異丙苯(dicumyl peroxide)、二叔丁基過氧化物(di-tert-butyl peroxide)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基過氧基)己烷(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基過氧基-3-己炔(2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne)、二叔丁基過氧化異丙基苯(di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene)、1,1-二叔丁基過氧化-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷(1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane)、4,4-二(叔丁基過氧化)戊酸正丁酯(butyl 4,4-bis(tert-butyldioxy)valerate)、過氧化苯甲醯(benzoyl peroxide)、過氧化對氯苯甲醯(p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide)、2,4-二氯過氧化苯甲醯(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide)、過氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯(tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate)、叔丁基過氧異丙基甲酸酯(tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate)、過氧化二乙醯(diacetyl peroxide)、過氧化月桂醯基(lauroyl peroxide)、過氧化叔丁基異丙苯(tert-butyl cumyl peroxide)、叔丁基過氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯(tert-Butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate)及其混合物。
  11. 如請求項1至2中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,其中基於該乙烯系共聚物(A)、該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B)與該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C)合計100重量份,該架橋劑(D)為0.1重量份至1重量份。
  12. 如請求項1所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包含乙烯芳香族系共聚物。
  13. 如請求項12所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,基於該組成物之總重量,該組成物包含20-35 wt%之該乙烯系共聚物(A),30-45 wt%之該烯烴嵌段共聚物(B),10-20 wt%之該不飽和脂肪族橡膠(C),以及3-25 wt%之該乙烯芳香族系共聚物。
  14. 如請求項12至13中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物最高峰分子量為每莫耳80,000至500,000克。
  15. 如請求項12至13中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物的乙烯芳香族單體含量為15至35 wt %範圍內。
  16. 如請求項12所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物為苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene, SEBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene, SEPS)、苯乙烯-[乙烯-(乙烯-丙烯)]-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Ethylene-Propylene-Styrene, SEEPS)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene, SEB)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Ethylene-Propylene, SEP)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)、苯乙烯-(異戊二烯/丁二烯)-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(S-(I/B)-S)、溶聚苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, SSBR)、苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Butadiene, SB)、苯乙烯-異戊二烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene-Isoprene, SI)、或上述之各種組合。
  17. 如請求項12至13中任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包括塑化劑,該乙烯芳香族系共聚物與該塑化劑的重量比例為2:1至1:2。
  18. 如請求項12所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包含塑化劑,該塑化劑係選自於石蠟油、環烷油、芳香油或其組成物。
  19. 如請求項1所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物,更包含化學發泡劑。
  20. 一種發泡材料,係以請求項1至19之任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物所製成。
  21. 如請求項20所述之發泡材料,其中該發泡材料的比重不大於0.2,該發泡材料的垂直反彈性不小於70%,且該發泡材料的壓縮永久變形不大於35%。
  22. 如請求項20所述之發泡材料,該發泡材料可用於建築材料、交通運輸緩衝部件、運動用品或鞋中底。
  23. 一種製造一發泡材料的方法,包含以下步驟: 步驟1:混合並熔融如請求項1-18之任一項所述之熱塑性彈性體組成物以形成一混煉粒子; 步驟2:將該混煉粒子熔融交聯以形成一交聯成型體; 及 步驟3:將該交聯成型體藉由超臨界流體發泡形成該發泡材料。
  24. 如請求項23所述之方法,其中該超臨界流體為氮氣、二氧化碳或其混合物。
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