TWI793066B - 壓力容器及製備中空體之方法 - Google Patents
壓力容器及製備中空體之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
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- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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Abstract
本發明係有關一含中空體之壓力容器,內含嵌入熱塑性聚合物之長纖維,其中熱塑性聚合物包含一或多個聚醯胺,其含有一或多個脂族單體單元,其中一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,計算如下˙確認一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%。
Description
本發明係有關壓力容器及其製造。
自動化工業趨勢為以塑料解決方案取代金屬槽,以節省重量。此帶領所謂第IV型槽之發展,其中槽係以包覆熱固性複合材料之熱塑性襯墊製成。彼等第IV型槽之缺點在於其無法再利用,且有時觀察到挫屈(buckling)。此導致所謂第V型槽之發展,如US5816436之揭示,其中使用了由聚醯胺12與碳纖維之複合材料組成的覆套(sheath)。
US5816436所揭示構造之問題在於,彼等仍受限於滲透性,且無法展現足夠之結構完整性。另一方面,含聚醯胺6之槽無法展現足夠之抗酸性及抗鹽性。當用作氣體槽時,不論是氫氣或壓縮天然氣(CNG),槽必須經受嚴格安全措施,如最小破壞壓力(burst pressure)、洩漏試驗、疲勞試驗、及火燒試驗(bonfire tests)。
本發明之主體係一壓力容器,其具有改進之結構完整性,同時展現足夠之抗酸性及足夠之低滲透性。
本發明主體可由一含中空體之壓力容器體現,內含嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維(endless fibers),其中熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,其含有一或多個脂族單體單元,其中一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,計算如下˙確認一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%。
令人驚訝地,本發明容器展現改進之結構完整性,使其可作為氫氣槽或天然氣槽(CNG tank)或其他氣體槽,其中安全性為最重要考量。
壓力容器,以下亦稱作容器或熱塑性複合材料壓力容器,於此可理解為包含一中空體及至少一軸套(boss)。軸套係本領域技術人員習知,且意指連接一封閉件(closure)之開口,容許氣體或流體流入與流出容器。軸套通常由金屬製成。
中空體通常為圓柱形且軸套位於末端。容器之圓柱形兩端常各具軸套。中空體之形狀取決於所需用途,且圓柱直徑通常介於10cm與1.00m之間。中空體之長度亦取決於最終用途,且諸如可介於50cm與最大長度10m之間。彼等較大長度通常用作氣體輸送。以諸如用於卡車之容器而言,長度通常介於1.00m與3.00m之間。
壓力容器包含一中空體,內含嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維。
熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,其含有一或多個脂族單體單元,其中一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,計算如下˙確認一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%。
熱塑性基質於此可理解為包含至少一或多個聚醯胺,但亦可包含其他熱塑性聚合物及任意地其他添加物。基質亦可由一或多個聚醯胺組成。
長纖維於此可理解為意指至少一長纖維,且亦可指多個纖維。
較佳地,熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,內含衍生自脂族單體之單體單元,其量為至少50重量%,更佳地至少60重量%,且甚而更佳地至少70重量%,其係以熱塑性基質之總重量為基準。聚醯胺可含少量非脂族單體單元,舉例而言,衍生自異酞酸(I)、對酞酸(T)、異佛酮二胺。較佳地,非脂族單體單元係以至多50重量%之重量百分比存在,較佳地至多40重量%,且更佳地至多30重量%,其中重量百分比係以一或多個聚醯胺之總重量為基準。
CH2比率之計算如下˙確認一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%。
以小於10重量%之量存在於一或多個聚醯胺之衍生自脂族單體之單體單元並未列入計算CH2比率之考慮,係因彼等視為無助於容器之結構完整性。非脂族單體單元亦未列入測定CH2比率之考慮。
為方便起見,表1列舉常見之聚醯胺及其CH2比率。
聚醯胺係描述於如Nylon Plastics Handbook,Melvin I.Kohan,Hanser Publishers,1995,page 5。PA-6為聚己內醯胺(polycaprolactam),其中單體單元係衍生自己內醯胺。PA-66為聚(六亞甲己二醯胺),其中單體單元係衍生自六亞甲基二胺與己二酸。
PA-6/PA-66意指PA-6與PA-66之摻合物,
而PA-6/66意指共聚醯胺。PA-410為聚醯胺,其中單體單元係衍生自1,4-二胺基丁烷與癸二酸。
單體單元之量及類型可由NMR光譜測定。
欲測定單體單元,針對衍生自二胺之單體單元,單體單元重量係以-NH-X-NH-之部分定義,其中X代表二胺基團間之部分。衍生自二酸之單體單元重量係-C(O)-X-C(O)-之部分,其中X代表酸基團間之部分。針對衍生自胺基酸或內醯胺之單體單元,該單體單元定義為-NH-X-C(O)-,其中X代表胺與酸基團間之部分。單體單元間之分裂點(split)則總是醯胺基之C-N鍵。
CH2比率之上限係小於10,此提供額外之剛性且優於聚醯胺,係因其具較高之CH2比率。較佳地,CH2比率介於5.6與9.5之間,更佳地介於5.7與8.5之間,且彼等聚醯胺提供最佳性能,包括阻隔性與結構完整性及抗酸性。
適用之聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,包括PA-410、PA-510、PA-412、PA-512、PA-610、PA-612、PA-1010、及其摻合物與共聚醯胺。
較佳地,具CH2比率至少5.5之一或多個聚醯胺包含PA-410,係因含PA-410之覆帶顯示較高之模數與較高之強度,因此在相同重量下容許較薄壁面、重量減輕、或高強度之槽。以此作為槽時安全性標準提昇。較佳地,壓力容器中空體含有嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維,其中熱塑性基質包含至少50重量%之PA-410,其係以熱塑性基質之
總重量為基準,更佳地至少60重量%,且甚而更佳地至少70重量%之PA-410。
本發明容器之中空體包含長纖維。長纖維係本領域習知,且亦指連續纖維(continuous fiber),於此可理解為縱橫比(aspect ratio)至少500。舉例而言,容器之長纖維可具數百公尺之長度。
存在於中空體之長纖維可選自於由玻璃纖維、碳纖維、醯胺纖維(aramid fiber)、及其結合物組成之群組。較佳地,長纖維具有上膠(sizing)以改進纖維與聚醯胺間之黏著性。上膠係本領域技術人員習知。
相較於中空體之長纖維與熱塑性基質之總體積,中空體之長纖維之體積%通常介於10與65體積%之間,較佳地體積百分比介於20與55體積%之間,更佳地體積百分比介於30與55體積%之間。所需之長纖維體積百分比通常盡可能高,因其有助於容器強度。
於一較佳實施例中,中空體包含介於20與55體積%間之長纖維,其係選自碳纖維與玻璃纖維及其結合物之群組,其係以長纖維之總體積為基準,以及中空體熱塑性基質,且熱塑性基質包含至少50重量%之PA-410,其係以熱塑性基質之總重量為基準,更佳地至少60重量%,且甚而更佳地至少70重量%之PA-410。
熱塑性基質任意地包含下列成分之任一
者,如熱安定劑、阻燃劑、著色劑、潤滑劑、脫模劑、紫外線安定劑、衝擊改質劑、成核劑、苯胺黑(nigrosine)、雷射吸收添加劑、及其結合物。彼等成分係本領域技術人員習知且通常少量存在,諸如介於0.001重量%與10重量%之間,其係以熱塑性基質之總重量為基準。
較佳地,熱塑性基質包含熱安定劑,其係選自無機安定劑、含一級抗氧化劑基團之有機安定劑、含受阻胺基(hindered amine group)之有機安定劑、及其結合物之群組。較佳地,熱安定劑之存在量係介於0.01重量%與8重量%之間,其係以熱塑性基質之總重量為基準。無機安定劑係習知,且諸如銅化合物及含鹵化物酸基團之鹽類,如碘化物鹽類或溴化物鹽類。適用之銅化合物之良好範例包括銅(I)鹵化物,較佳地碘化銅(CuI)且進一步銅鹽,如乙酸銅、硫酸銅、及硬脂酸銅。所使用之含鹵化物酸基團之鹽類較佳地係溴化鉀(KBr)或碘化鉀(KI)。最佳地係使用碘化銅與溴化鉀之結合物(CuI/KBr)。含一級抗氧化劑基團之有機安定劑為自由基清除劑,如酚類抗氧化劑及芳族胺,其係習知。本發明覆帶之適用含受阻胺基之有機安定劑(亦稱作受阻胺安定劑;HAS)係諸如衍生自經取代之哌啶化合物之HAS化合物,具體而言衍生自烷基取代之哌啶基或哌酮(piperazinone)化合物與經取代之烷氧基吡啶基化合物之任一化合物。更佳地,熱塑性基質包含熱安定劑之結合物,其中以無機安定劑結合含受阻胺基之有機安定劑與含一級抗氧化劑之有機安定劑。彼等三安
定劑之結合物提供改進之紫外線安定性。
於一實施例中,本發明容器包含襯墊。襯墊係本領域技術人員習知,且意指非結構部分,其可隨後以嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維覆蓋,如以包覆一覆帶之形式。襯墊可因此於中空體製備過程中作為撐體,但亦可於單獨之撐體上製備。襯墊意在提供流體或氣體與覆帶間之阻隔,防止包覆襯墊周圍之覆帶的洩漏與化學降解。一般而言,於襯墊周圍施加保護殼,形成抗衝擊毀損的保護屏蔽。襯墊可以含聚醯胺類似物之聚合物製備,係因聚醯胺適用於熱塑性組成物,且襯墊亦可以含異於聚醯胺之聚合物製備,如聚醯胺-6或聚醯胺-66或其摻合物,係因彼等聚醯胺易取得。襯墊可進一步以包含如熱安定劑、阻燃劑、著色劑、潤滑劑、脫模劑、紫外線安定劑、衝擊改質劑、成核劑、苯胺黑、雷射吸收添加劑、及其結合物等成分之聚合物或組成物製備。
襯墊可以US20140034654揭示之組成物製備,其在此併入本案以作為參考資料。較佳地,襯墊包含金屬及/或熱塑性聚合物,其係選自於PA-6或PA-66、PA-410、PA-6T/6I乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)、或其結合物之群組。
襯墊之製備可藉包覆一覆帶,其包含至少一層,但亦可包含大於一層。彼等至少一層者可為,如EVOH或金屬,以改進阻隔功能。任意地,可存在一連結層,以改進黏著性。襯墊之製備可藉由包覆覆帶,如
US2013105501之揭示,以及藉由吹塑(blow molding)、管狀擠型(tube extrusion)、射出成型、及/或旋轉成型(roto-molding)。若使用管狀擠型,襯墊通常藉由熔接穹窿(domes)至擠出管而製備。穹窿隨即可藉射出成型製備。本發明含襯墊容器之優點在於,以氣體填充或不填充容器時,觀察到期間溫度變化時較不易脫膠(debuckling)。挫屈係本領域技術人員習知,且為熱塑性聚合物包覆時襯墊材料與長纖維之分離。本發明容器令人驚訝地較不易挫屈,使得槽壽命更長,且降低襯墊破裂機會。本發明容器因此可具單一層,於此可理解為僅由長纖維與熱塑性基質製成。容器亦可大於一層,於此可理解為具長纖維與熱塑性基質之層,及至少一進一步之層,如襯墊,如前面所述。單層容器之優點在於,大大地增進容器之再利用。
本發明容器較佳地包含一中空體,其係以覆帶製成,其包含嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維。本發明因此亦有關製備中空體之方法,其包含下列步驟:a.提供一撐體;b.提供長纖維且提供熱塑性基質;或者提供一覆帶,其包含長纖維與熱塑性基質;c.包覆長纖維與熱塑性基質或圍繞撐體之覆帶,同時藉加熱固結長纖維與熱塑性基質或覆帶,從而產生一中空體;d.冷卻中空體成為固體;
其中熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,其含有一或多個脂族單體單元,其中一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,計算如下˙確認一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%。
覆帶於此可理解為具有縱向方向、寬度、厚度、及橫截面縱橫比率,即厚度與寬度之比率,之伸長體。該橫截面定義為實質上垂直於覆帶之縱向方向。覆帶之縱向方向或機械方向基本上對應於長纖維之方位。覆帶之長度尺寸並未具體侷限。長度可超過10km,且主要取決於長纖維及用於製造覆帶之方法。然而,基於便利因素,依據預期應用需求,該覆帶可製成更小尺寸。
覆帶厚度通常介於100微米與500微米之間,係因較厚之覆帶更難包覆。較薄覆帶之缺點為需要更多包裹以得到中空體。
寬度於此可理解為覆帶橫截面周邊上兩點間之最大尺寸,該橫截面係正交於覆帶長度。厚度於此可
理解為該橫截面周邊上兩點間之距離,該距離係垂直於覆帶寬。可依據本領域習知方法測量覆帶寬度與厚度,如分別以標尺與顯微鏡或測微計進行。
撐體可為心軸,如US2013105501揭示之方法,或前面揭示製成之襯墊、充氣氣球、惰性填料,如沙或滑石。撐體可因此成為中空體之一部分,或可於中空體製成後取出。
包覆可以覆帶形式進行,其包含長纖維與熱塑性基質,但包覆亦可以長纖維與熱塑性基質分開進行。包覆可於撐體固定於一位置時進行,或亦可於移動撐體時進行。
任意地,在步驟c)之前,以另一材料包覆及固結撐體,舉例而言,增加阻隔性以形成襯墊,如前面所揭示。此材料可包含如EVOH、PA-6、PA-66、PA-410、PA-610、PA-612、金屬、或其結合物。此具體有益,尤其是在撐體不成為容器之一部分時。亦可使用其他材料以增加阻隔性。較佳地,在步驟c)之前,其他材料係選自PA-6、PA-410,係因彼等材料具良好阻隔功能及可再利用性。
固結反應較佳地藉加熱進行,諸如以雷射提供,如紅外線雷射,或加熱元件,如烘箱。
US2013105501揭示一方法,其中以覆帶包覆心軸撐體。於固結後,移除心軸。US2013105501在此併入本案以作為參考資料。容器亦可以所謂雷射法製備,
其係諸如揭示於WO14040871A1。若使用雷射法,含嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維之覆帶可含有雷射吸收添加劑,以自雷射產生熱。雷射吸收添加劑係本領域技術人員習知,且包括如碳黑(carbon black)。其他雷射光吸收劑之範例包括氧化物、氫氧化物、硫化物、金屬,如銅、鉍、錫、鋁、鋅、銀、鈦、銻、錳、鐵、鎳、及鉻,之硫酸鹽與磷酸鹽、雷射光吸收性有(無)機染料、或金屬氧化物塗層薄片。較佳地,雷射光吸收劑係選自三氧化二銻、二氧化錫、鈦酸鋇、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁、羥基磷酸銅、正磷酸銅、氫氧化銅、氧化銻錫、蒽醌、或偶氮染料。
本發明容器可展現至少25巴之破壞壓力,其常為含液化石油氣(LPG)或空氣或水,或氮氣或氧氣之容器所需。令人驚訝地,容器可展現至少300巴之破壞壓力,其為含壓縮天然氣(CNG)之容器所需。針對氫氣槽,本發明容器之破壞壓力可達至少1500巴。破壞壓力係以ECE R110所述之液體靜壓破壞試驗(hydrostatic pressure burst test)測量。
令人驚訝地,本發明容器可通過火燒試驗(Bonfire test)。
以不同熱塑性基質進行測量,以顯示其於熱塑性複合材料壓力容器之適用性。測試不同聚醯胺,其具不同CH2比率。結果列於表2。
抗酸性試驗:於15艾氏棒(Izod bars)下,將
表2所述之聚醯胺曝露於含30% H2SO4溶液之培養皿中。液體水位為2mm,因此4mm厚之棒僅一邊浸沒。針對各取出時間(25、50、及100小時),使用個別培養皿。浸沒後,以過量之水清洗棒,注意上半部不與強酸接觸。清洗後,棒以紙拭乾。撓曲試驗(Flexural test)係依據ISO178:進行撓曲試驗時,酸處理面向下(非曝露面朝上)。
表2清楚指明,CH2比率介於5.5與小於10間之聚醯胺,展現高抗酸性與良好結構完整性之結合。當撓曲模數(flex modulus)夠高並結合更高之HDT時,觀察到良好結構完整性。範例1至4皆展現足夠高之撓曲模數並結合高HDT,使其成為本發明容器之良好選項。
最佳之聚醯胺為PA-410,範例1,明確結合了高撓曲模數與高HDT,當用於容器時,令人驚訝地顯現極堅固且耐用之容器。
包覆含PA-6之覆帶以製備中空體。隨後,包覆含65重量%長玻璃纖維與35重量% PA-410之覆帶,其係以圍繞心軸之覆帶總重量為基準,並以加熱固結彼等包覆材料。以軸套連接中空體產生容器,如先前技術習知。以天然氣填充容器,且以容器進行火燒試驗。此試驗描述於ECE R110。簡言之,火燒試驗期間,將含氣體之容器置於容器外圍850℃之環境。若容器未爆炸,則視為通過測試,且容器通過釋壓裝置排出所含氣體。令人驚訝地,以熱塑性基質製成之容器,其包含一或多個聚醯胺,內含一或多個脂族單體單元,其中一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率
為至少5.5且小於10,僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%,通過火燒試驗,即使PA-410之熔點溫度為248℃,因此實質上低於施加於容器之熱度。此為主要成果,係因本發明容器容許熱塑性複合材料壓力容器含有大量氣體或液體,同時保持高安全標準,且在使用壽命後,容器可再回收至原本用途,這在熱固性槽是不可能的。
Claims (12)
- 一種含中空體之壓力容器,該中空體含嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維,其中該熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,該聚醯胺含有一或多個脂族單體單元,其中該一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,計算如下˙確認該一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%;該長纖維之量係介於10與65體積%之間,其係以該中空體之長纖維與熱塑性基質之總體積為基準;其中該一或多個聚醯胺係選自於由包括PA-610、PA-612、及其摻合物與共聚醯胺組成之群組。
- 如請求項1之容器,其更包含一襯墊,該襯墊含金屬。
- 如請求項1或2之容器,其中該CH2比率係介於5.6與9.5之間。
- 如請求項1或2之容器,其中該容器之破壞壓力(burst pressure)為至少300巴,其係依據ECE R110所述之液體靜壓破壞試驗(hydrostatic pressure burst test)測量。
- 如請求項1或2之容器,其中該長纖維係選自玻璃或碳或其結合物。
- 如請求項1或2之容器,其中該熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,其含有衍生自脂族單體之單體單元,其量為該熱塑性基質總重量之至少60重量%。
- 如請求項1或2之容器,其中該熱塑性基質更包含熱安定劑及/或阻燃劑及/或著色劑。
- 一種製備中空體之方法,其包含下列步驟:a.提供一撐體;b.提供長纖維且提供熱塑性基質;或者提供一覆帶,其包含長纖維與熱塑性基質;c.包覆該長纖維與熱塑性基質或該圍繞撐體之覆帶,同時藉加熱固結該長纖維與熱塑性基質或該覆帶,從而產生一中空體;d.冷卻該中空體成為固體;其中該熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,其含有一或多個脂族單體單元,其中該一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,計算如下˙確認該一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目; 僅考慮存在於一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為該一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%;該長纖維之量係介於10與65體積%之間,其係以該中空體之長纖維與熱塑性基質之總體積為基準;其中該一或多個聚醯胺係選自於由包括PA-610、PA-612、及其摻合物與共聚醯胺組成之群組。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中在步驟c之前,以另一材料包覆圍繞該撐體,該材料包含EVOH、PA-6、PA-66、PA410、PA610、PA612、金屬、或其結合物。
- 如請求項8或9之方法,其中該撐體為心軸,其在步驟d之後取出。
- 如請求項1或2之容器,其係用作天然氣槽(CNG tank)或氫氣槽。
- 一種嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維用於改善一壓力容器之結構完整性及抗酸性的用途,其中該壓力容器包含一中空體,該中空體含嵌入熱塑性基質之長纖維,其中該熱塑性基質包含一或多個聚醯胺,該聚醯胺含有一或多個脂族單體單元,其中該一或多個聚醯胺之CH2比率為至少5.5且小於10,計算如下˙確認該一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目;˙測定彼等不同脂族單體單元每一者之各脂族單體單元之CH2基團數目;˙計算所測CH2基團數目總和;˙以該總和除以一或多個聚醯胺之不同脂族單體單元數目; 僅考慮存在於該一或多個聚醯胺之脂族單體單元,其量為該一或多個聚醯胺總重量之至少10重量%;該長纖維之量係介於10與65體積%之間,其係以該中空體之長纖維與熱塑性基質之總體積為基準。
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