TWI787162B - 帶材 - Google Patents
帶材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI787162B TWI787162B TW105141882A TW105141882A TWI787162B TW I787162 B TWI787162 B TW I787162B TW 105141882 A TW105141882 A TW 105141882A TW 105141882 A TW105141882 A TW 105141882A TW I787162 B TWI787162 B TW I787162B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- tape
- polyamides
- layer
- monomeric units
- aliphatic
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006017 homo-polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000572 Nylon 6/12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 PA-66 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006131 poly(hexamethylene isophthalamide-co-terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical group O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H copper(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JXSRRBVHLUJJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-amino-2-methylsulfanyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=CC(C#N)=C(N)N2N=C(SC)N=C21 JXSRRBVHLUJJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006152 PA1010 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001000 anthraquinone dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-2-one Chemical class O=C1CNCCN1 IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/566—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally for making tubular articles followed by compression
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D29/00—Producing belts or bands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
- B29C53/581—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using sheets or strips consisting principally of plastics material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
- B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
- B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C53/82—Cores or mandrels
- B29C53/821—Mandrels especially adapted for winding and joining
- B29C53/824—Mandrels especially adapted for winding and joining collapsible, e.g. elastic or inflatable; with removable parts, e.g. for regular shaped, straight tubular articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0609—Straps, bands or ribbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/066—Plastics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
- F17C2203/0673—Polymers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
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Abstract
本發明有關一種帶材，其包含至少一層，該層包含a.總數量至少40體積%之長纖維(endless fiber)，相較於該層之總體積而言，及b.一熱塑性基質，其包含一或多種含有一或多種脂族單體單元的聚醯胺，c.及任選地熱安定劑、阻燃劑、著色劑、潤滑劑、脫模劑、UV安定劑、衝擊改質劑(impact modifier)、雷射吸收添加劑、以及其組合；其中該一或多種聚醯胺具有至少5.5且小於10之CH2比率，該比率係藉由下者計算‧識別在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；‧確定對這些不同脂族單體單元每一者之每個脂族單體單元的CH2基團的數目；‧計算該所確定的CH2基團數目的總和；‧將該總和除以在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；僅考慮在該一或多種聚醯胺中以至少10wt%之一數量存在的脂族單體單元，相對於該一或多種聚醯胺之總重量而言。本發明亦有關藉由採用這些帶材而製備的容器。
Description
本發明有關包含長纖維與一熱塑性基質的帶材，以及其應用，諸如壓力容器，及一種用於製備採用該帶材之容器的方法。
帶材，亦意指為帶條(bands)與層板(laminates)，係已知的，並且於，舉例而言，US2014/272227號案中描述。此揭露案描述了一種用於生產層板的方法，在該方法中，長纖維係與列出的熱塑性材料一起採用。這些層板的劣勢為其可能遭受酸曝露，該者可能導致產品的失效。特別是在氣體及/或液體含在其中的壓力容器，這性質係為必要的。壓力容器在該產品的整個壽命期間需要為安全的，並且不會由於曝露於，舉例而言，酸性介質(諸如電池酸、酸雨……等等)而失效。
從而，本發明之一目的係為提供一帶材，該者相較於
先前技藝中的那些者對酸展現一較高的耐受性。令人驚訝地，一帶材其包含至少一層，該層包含下者a.總數量至少40體積%之長纖維，相較於該層之總體積而言，及b.一熱塑性基質，其包含一或多種含有一或多種脂族單體單元的聚醯胺，c.及任選地熱安定劑、阻燃劑、著色劑、潤滑劑、脫模劑、UV安定劑、衝擊改質劑、雷射吸收添加劑、以及其組合；其中該一或多種聚醯胺具有至少5.5且小於10之CH2比率，該比率係由下者計算‧識別在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；‧確定對這些不同脂族單體單元每一者之每個脂族單體單元的CH2基團的數目；‧計算該所確定的CH2基團數目的總和；‧將該總和除以在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；僅考慮在該一或多種聚醯胺中以至少10wt%之一數量存在的脂族單體單元，相對於該一或多種聚醯胺之總重量而言，展現較高的耐酸性，如藉由下文所顯示的實驗證明的。令人驚訝的是，當相較於包含一般聚醯胺，諸如PA-6與PA-66，之帶材時，根據本發明之該帶材對酸展現較高的耐受性。該帶材可能有利地於壓力容器中採用，因為這
引致一壓力容器其結合了高機械性質與較高耐酸性。根據本發明之該帶材展現一較高的爆破壓力(burst pressure)，舉例而言，當於一容器中採用時，並且允許再循環至初始應用中。
帶材於本文中係理解為具有一縱向方向、寬度、厚度及橫截面縱橫比(亦即厚度與寬度的比率)的細長主體。該橫截面係界定為基本上垂直於該帶材之縱向方向。該帶材之縱向或絲流方向(machine direction)實質上對應於該長纖維的定向。本發明之帶材的長度尺寸係沒有特別限制的。該長度可能超過10km，且主要取決於該長纖維及用於生產該帶材的方法。然而，根據所設想之應用的要求，為了方便起見，該帶材可以製造為較小的大小。
根據本發明之該帶材可能具有在100微米之間的一厚度，並且可能厚到像1000微米。假若使用於其中帶材纏繞係採用的應用，該厚度較佳地介於100微米與500微米之間，因為較厚的帶材係更難以纏繞。
寬度在本文中係理解為該帶材橫截面之周邊上兩個點之間的最大尺寸，該橫截面係正交於該帶材之長度。厚度在本文中係理解為該橫截面之周邊上兩個點
之間的距離，該距離在該帶材寬度上係垂直的。帶材之寬度與厚度可以根據該技藝中已知的方法測量，例如，分別在直尺與顯微鏡或測微計(micrometer)的幫助下。
根據本發明之帶材包含至少一層，且從而可能為一單層或兩層或甚至更多層。假若帶材具有多於一層，其亦被稱為多層。假若該帶材為一多層，該帶材可能包含進一步的層，諸如鋁、聚合物組成物，諸如聚醯胺與EVOH。該帶材亦可能包含不包含長纖維的進一步層。較佳地，該帶材由一層組成，因為這有助於帶材的製備。
令人驚訝的是，根據本發明之該帶材展現較高的耐酸性結合一較低的潛變(creep)。這對於要求高結構完整性並且易於曝露於酸的應用為有優勢的，諸如在汽車工業中使用的容器。
令人驚訝的是，根據本發明之該帶材顯示良好的撓曲強度(flexural strength)。
帶材的厚度通常介於10微米至1mm之間。具有較厚厚度的帶材係難以操作，而較薄的帶材係難以生產，因為該長纖維亦具有一定的直徑。較佳地，帶材的厚度介於50至500微米之間，且更佳地介於100與300微米之間，且甚至更佳地介於150至250微米之間。
帶材的寬度通常介於5mm與10.0cm之間，較佳地介於1cm與8cm之間，更佳地介於2cm與6cm之間。假若帶材具有一低的寬度，其需要更多的纏繞，且所以為耗能與耗時的。假若該帶材具有一非常大的寬度，在
一個卷繞步驟中可以覆蓋較大的區域，但是在彎曲表面上卷繞係更困難並且引致低效率。
根據本發明之該帶材可能藉由下列方法製備：長纖維係提供，並將其鋪展並進料至該熱塑性基質的一熔融體，且隨後冷卻以形成一帶材。
熱塑性基質在本文中係理解為包含至少一或多種聚醯胺，但亦可能包含其它熱塑性聚合物與任選地其它添加劑。該基質亦可能由一或多種聚醯胺組成。
長纖維在本文中係理解為意指至少一種長纖維，且亦可能意指更多種的纖維。
根據本發明之帶材包含至少一層，該層包含一熱塑性基質其包含含有一或多種脂族單體單元的一或多種聚醯胺，其中該一或多種聚醯胺具有至少5.5且小於10的一CH2-比率，其係藉由下者計算‧識別在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；‧確定對這些不同脂族單體單元每一者之每個脂族單體單元的CH2基團的數目；‧計算該所確定的CH2基團數目的總和；‧將該總和除以在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；僅考慮在該一或多種聚醯胺中以至少10wt%之一數量存在的脂族單體單元，相對於該一或多種聚醯胺之總
重量而言。
對於CH2比率，衍自於以小於10wt%數量存在於該一或多種聚醯胺中之脂族單體的單體單元係不考慮，因為這些被認為不會促進該帶材的結構完整性。對於確定CH2比率，非脂族單體單元亦不考慮的。
為了方便起見，在表1中，常見聚醯胺及其CH2比率之列表係提供了。
該等聚醯胺係如於”Nylon Plastics
Handbook,Melvin I.Kohan,Hanser Publishers,1995”第5頁中所述註釋。PA-6為聚己內醯胺(polycaprolactam)，在該者中，單體單元係衍自於己內醯胺。PA-66為聚六亞甲基己二醯胺(poly(hexamethylene adipamide))，在該者中，單體單元係衍自於六亞甲基二胺(hexamethylene diamine)與己二酸。
PA-6/PA-66意指PA-6與PA-66之一摻合物，而PA-6/66意指共聚醯胺。PA-410為其中該單體單元係衍自於1,4-二胺丁烷(1,4-diaminobutane)與癸二酸的聚醯胺。
為了確定單體單元，對於衍自於一二胺的單體單元，一單體單元的重量係界定為該-NH-X-NH-的部分，其中X表示該二胺基團之間的部分。衍自於一二酸之單體單元的重量為該-C(O)-X-C(O)-部分，其中X表示該酸基團之間的部分。對於衍自於一胺基酸或內醯胺的單體單元，該單體單元係界定為-NH-X-C(O)-，其中X表示該胺基與該酸基之間的部分。從而，單體單元之間的分割總是為該醯胺基團的C-N鍵。
CH2比率之上限係小於10，因為這相較於具有較高CH2比率的聚醯胺提供了額外的剛度。較佳地，該CH2比率係介於5.6與9.5之間，且更佳地介於5.7與8.5之間，因為這些聚醯胺提供了最佳性質，包括屏障性質與結構完整性及耐酸性。
較佳地，該聚醯胺係為一均聚醯胺，與共聚醯胺或摻合物對比。均聚醯胺在本文中係界定為由衍自於一胺基酸的單體單元組成的聚醯胺，或由衍自於一種類型的二胺與一種類型的二酸之單體單元組成的聚醯胺。均聚醯胺係意指為PA-X或PA-XY兩者任一的，前者中X係為衍自於一種胺基酸類型的單體單元，後者中X係為衍自於一種二胺類型的單體單元，而Y係為衍自一種胺基酸類型的單體單元。採用均聚醯胺具有的優勢為：該帶材可以更容易地製備，因為均聚醯胺的製備可能比共聚醯胺或摻合物更容易。還有，該帶材的再循環係更容易，當相較於以共聚醯胺或摻合物製成的帶材時。摻合物與共聚醯胺可能具有的劣勢為：它們可能沒有明顯的熔融溫度，這使得它們更難以加工。還有，對於摻合物與共聚醯胺，降解可能更頻繁地觀察到，該者係非所欲的。
甚至更佳地，該聚醯胺係為具有介於5.7與8.5之間之CH2比率的均聚醯胺，諸如PA-410、PA-510、PA-412、PA512、PA-610、PA-612，因為這結合了聚醯胺的容易製備及該帶材足夠的熱變形溫度(HDT)與低吸濕性與足夠的耐化學性與再循環。
具有至少5.5且小於10之CH2比率的適合的聚醯胺包括PA-410、PA-510、PA-412、PA512、PA-610、PA-612、PA-1010、包括其摻合物與共聚醯胺，以及包括少數的非脂族單體單元。
較佳地，該一或多種具有至少5.5之CH2比
率的聚醯胺包含PA-410，因為包含PA-410的帶材顯示較高的模數與較高的強度，且從而允許較薄的壁、重量降低或在同樣重量時更強的封閉間室(tanks)。這引致在封閉間室中採用時一更高的安全標準。較佳地，該帶材包含至少一層，該層包含下者a.總量至少40體積%之長纖維，相較於該層之總體積而言，及b.一熱塑性基質，其包含至少40wt%的PA-410，相對於該熱塑性基質之總重量而言，c.及任選地熱安定劑、阻燃劑、著色劑、潤滑劑、脫模劑、UV安定劑、衝擊改質劑、雷射吸收添加劑、以及其組合。
更佳地，該熱塑性基質包含至少50wt%的PA-410，更佳地至少60wt%，且甚至更佳地至少70wt%的PA-410，相對於該熱塑性基質之總數量而言。
單體單元之數量與類型可能藉由NMR光譜法確定。
根據本發明之帶材包含長纖維。長纖維本身在該技藝中為已知的，且亦意指為連續纖維，並且在本文中係理解為具有至少500的縱橫比。舉例而言，在該帶材中的長纖維可能具有數百公尺的長度。
於根據本發明之帶材中存在的長纖維可能擇自由玻璃纖維、碳纖維、芳綸纖維(aramid fiber)、及
其組合所組成之該群組。較佳地，該長纖維具有一漿料(sizing)，以改善該纖維與該聚醯胺之間的黏著性。
長纖維在該帶材層中的體積%通常位於10與65體積%之間，相較於該層之總體積而言，較佳地該體積百分比係介於20與55vol%之間，更佳地該體積百分比係介於30與55vol%之間。其係通常所欲的是具有盡可能高的長纖維體積百分比，因為這促進帶材的強度。
該帶材之至少一層的熱塑性基質任選地包含下列任何成分，諸如熱安定劑、阻燃劑、著色劑、潤滑劑、脫模劑、UV安定劑、衝擊改質劑、成核劑、苯胺黑(nigrosine)、雷射吸收添加劑及其組合。這些成分為熟習該項技藝者已知的，且通常以少量存在，諸如舉例而言，相對於該熱塑性基質的總重量而言，介於0.001wt%與10wt%之間。
較佳地，該熱塑性基質包括熱安定劑，該者係擇自無機安定劑、包含主抗氧化劑基團的有機安定劑、包含受阻胺基團的有機安定劑、及其組合之群組。較佳地，該熱安定劑相對於該層中之熱塑性基質的總重量而言，係以介於0.01wt%與8wt%之間的一數量存在。無機安定劑係為已知的，且舉例而言，為一銅化合物及含有鹵化物(halogenide)酸基團的鹽類，舉例而言碘化物或溴化物鹽。適合的銅化合物之良好實例包括鹵化銅(I)，較佳碘化銅(CuI)，及進一步銅鹽，像是譬如乙酸銅、硫酸銅
及硬脂酸銅。作為含有鹵化物酸基的鹽，較佳地碘化鉀(KI)或溴化鉀(KBr)係使用的。最佳地，碘化銅與溴化鉀(CuI/KBr)之一組合係使用。包含主抗氧化劑基團的有機安定劑係為自由基清除劑，諸如，舉例而言酚類抗氧化劑以及芳族胺，及以此知悉者。在根據本發明之帶材中包含受阻胺之適合的有機安定劑(亦知悉為受阻胺安定劑；HAS)係為，舉例而言，HAS化合物其衍自於一經取代的哌啶(piperidine)化合物者，特別是衍自於經烷基取代之哌啶基或哌嗪酮(piperazinone)化合物，及衍自於一經取代的烷氧哌啶化合物者。更佳地，該熱塑性基質包含一熱安定劑的組合，其中一無機安定劑係與包含受阻胺基團之有機安定劑及包含主抗氧化劑之有機安定劑兩者組合採用。這3種安定劑的組合提供了改良的UV安定性。
本發明亦有關該帶材係採用於製備該應用的應用，諸如容器、管材、片材、局部加強件。
本發明亦有關一種用於製備容器的方法，其包括下列步驟：a.提供一撐體；b.提供如上文揭露之一帶材；c.將該帶材圍繞該撐體而纏繞，且同時藉由加熱固結(consolidating)該帶材，從而創造一中空體；d.冷卻該中空體變成固體。
當根據本發明之帶材係採用時，展現高爆
破壓力的容器可能獲得的。這些容器可能展現出至少25巴的一爆破壓力，該者對含有液化石油氣(LPG)或空氣或水、或氮氣或氧氣的容器為通常要求的。令人驚奇的是，該容器可能展現出至少300巴的一爆破壓力，該者對於，舉例而言，含有壓縮天然氣(CNG)的容器為要求的。對於氫氣容器，藉由根據本發明之容器，至少1500巴的一爆破壓力可能達到。爆破壓力係根據如ECE R110中所描述的靜水壓力爆破試驗測量。令人驚訝的是，這些容器可以通過該火燒試驗(Bonfire test)。
該帶材可能於如US2013105501號案中所揭露的方法中採用，從而藉由將該帶材圍繞心軸(mandrel)纏繞並施加熱量以固結該帶材並隨後冷卻。US2013105501號案係併入於此以做為參考。該帶材亦可能藉由所謂的雷射方法採用，該者舉例而言係於WO14040871A1號案中揭露的。假若雷射方法係採用，該帶材可能需要一雷射吸收添加劑的存在，以便從該雷射產生熱量。雷射吸收添加劑對熟習該項技藝者係為已知的，且包括，舉例而言，碳黑。雷射吸收劑的其它實例包括諸如銅、經塗覆之鉍、錫、鋁、鋅、銀、鈦、銻、錳、鐵、鎳及鉻金屬之氧化物、氫氧化物、硫化物、硫酸鹽與磷酸鹽；吸收雷射光的有(無)機染料或經金屬氧化物塗覆的薄片。較佳地，該雷射光吸收劑係擇自三氧化二銻、二氧化錫、鈦酸鋇、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁、羥基磷酸銅(copper-hydroxy-phosphate)、正磷酸銅
(copper-ortho-phosphate)、氫氧化銅、氧化銻錫、蒽醌或偶氮染料。
該撐體可能為一心軸，如於US2013105501號案之方法中所揭露般，或藉由舉例而言如上文揭露般製備的一襯墊(liner)；充氣氣球；惰性填充劑諸如沙或滑石。從而，該撐體可能變成該中空體的一部分，或可能在製造該中空體之後取出。假若該撐體為一心軸，該心軸可能在步驟d之後移除。
任選地，在步驟c)之前，另一種材料可能圍繞該撐體纏繞，舉例而言，以提高屏障性質以形成一襯墊，如上文揭露般。此材料可能包含，舉例而言EVOH、PA-6、PA-66、PA-410、PA-610、PA-612、PA-6T/6I、金屬或其組合。假若該撐體不會變成容器的一部分的話，這是特別有益的。其它材料然後可能採用，以提高屏障性質。較佳地，步驟c)之前的其它材料係擇自於PA-6、PA-410，因為這些材料具有良好的屏障性能及可再循環性。
較佳地，固結係藉由熱執行，諸如由雷射提供，舉例而言，如紅外線雷射，或由諸如烘箱之加熱元件提供。
測量係在各種熱塑性基材上執行，以顯示其在帶材中使用的適合性。具各種CH 2比率的各種均聚醯胺係測試。結果係於表2中給出。
耐酸性試驗：將15個具如表2所述之聚醯胺的艾氏棒(Izod bars)曝露於培養皿中的30%H2SO4溶液中。液體之水平為2mm，使得該4mm厚的棒僅浸沒在一側上。對於每一個取出時間(25、50及100小時)，分開的培養皿係使用的。浸漬之後，以過量的水洗滌該等棒，注意的是上半部分不與該強酸接觸。洗滌後，該等棒係用紙乾燥。根據ISO178的撓曲試驗：在撓曲試驗期間，該經酸處理的表面面朝下(非曝露側面朝上)。
表2清楚地指出，具介於5.5且小於10之間之CH2比率的聚醯胺者展現出高耐酸性與良好結構完整性的一結合。當該撓曲模數(flex modulus)係足夠高並結合一較高的HDT時，良好的結構完整性係觀察到。實例1至4全展現一足夠高的撓曲模數與一高HDT的組合，這使得它們為在根據本發明之一容器中採用的良好候選物。
該最佳的聚醯胺PA-410，實例1，其清楚地結合一高撓曲模數與一高HDT，該者當於帶材中採用時，令人驚訝地顯示一非常安定的長期結構完整性。
一中空體係藉由纏繞包含PA-6的帶材而製備。隨後，根據本發明之一帶材，該者以該帶材之總重量為基準包含65wt%的長玻璃纖維與35wt%的PA-410，係圍繞一心軸纏繞，同時使用加熱來固結這些纏繞。如先前技藝中已知的，該容器係藉由附接凸起部(bosses)至該中空體而創造。該容器係充滿天然氣，且經受該容器至火燒試驗。此試驗係於ECE R110中描述。簡言之，在火燒試
驗期間，容器在含有氣體時係在容器外部經受850℃。假若容器不爆炸，該容器通過試驗，但該容器通過一壓力釋放裝置排出所容納的氣體。令人驚訝的是，以根據本發明之一帶材製造的容器通過火燒試驗，儘管PA-410的熔融溫度為248℃，從而基本上低於該容器所經受的熱量。這是一主要的成就，因為此容器允許熱塑性複合材料壓力容器可以含有高量氣體或液體，且同時維持一高的安全標準，並且在使用壽命之後，該容器可能再循環到初始應用中，該者對於熱固性封閉間室係不可能的。
令人驚訝的是，均聚醯胺的採用提供了結合高耐酸性及足夠的撓曲模數與更高HDT之一組合的帶材。
Claims (13)
- 一種帶材，其包含至少一層，該層包含a.長纖維(endless fiber)，相較於該層之總體積而言，其總數量為至少40體積%，及b.一熱塑性基質，其包含一或多種含有一或多種脂族單體單元的聚醯胺，c.及任選地熱安定劑、阻燃劑、著色劑、潤滑劑、脫模劑、UV安定劑、衝擊改質劑(impact modifier)、雷射吸收添加劑、以及其組合；其中該一或多種聚醯胺具有至少5.5且小於10之CH2比率，該比率係由下者計算˙識別在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；˙確定對這些不同脂族單體單元每一者之每個脂族單體單元的CH2基團的數目；˙計算該所確定的CH2基團數目的總和；˙將該總和除以在該一或多種聚醯胺中之不同脂族單體單元的數目；相對於該一或多種聚醯胺之總重量而言，僅考慮在該一或多種聚醯胺中以至少10wt%之一數量存在的脂族單體單元，以及其中該一或多種聚醯胺係擇自由PA-610、PA-612、以及其摻合物與共聚醯胺所組成之該群組。
- 如請求項1之帶材，其中該長纖維係擇自由玻璃纖維、碳纖維、芳綸纖維(aramid fiber)、及其組合所組成之該 群組。
- 如請求項1之帶材，相較於該層之總體積而言，其中該長纖維之數量係介於40與65體積%之間。
- 如請求項1之帶材，其中該帶材由一層組成。
- 如請求項1之帶材，其中該帶材包含不包含長纖維的另一層，該者係擇自EVOH、PA-6、PA-66、PA-410、PA-6T/6I、及其組合與其共聚醯胺。
- 如請求項1之帶材，其中該帶材之厚度係介於50至500微米之間。
- 如請求項1之帶材，其中該帶材之寬度係介於5mm及10.0cm之間。
- 如請求項1之帶材，其中該聚醯胺為一均聚醯胺，其擇自由PA-610、PA-612所組成之該群組。
- 如請求項1之帶材，其中該CH2比率介於5.7與8.5之間。
- 一種用於製備一容器的方法，該方法包含下列步驟：a.提供一撐體；b.提供如上述請求項1-9項中任一項之一帶材；c.將該帶材圍繞該撐體而纏繞，同時藉由加熱固結(consolidating)該帶材，由此創造一中空體；d.冷卻該中空體變成固體。
- 如請求項10之方法，其中該撐體係為一心軸(mandrel)，且該心軸在步驟d後移除。
- 如請求項10之方法，其中在步驟c之前，另一種材料係圍繞該撐體而纏繞，該材料包含EVOH、PA-6、PA-66、PA410、PA610、PA612、金屬或其組合。
- 一種藉由採用如請求項1至9項中任一項之該帶材而製備的產品，其中該產品是選自管材、片材或局部加強件(reinforcement)。
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| CN114656783B (zh) | 2024-07-09 |
| CN108367507A (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
| US11046023B2 (en) | 2021-06-29 |
| TW201726423A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
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