TWI745109B - 一種鉑金屬配合物及其在有機電致發光器件中的應用 - Google Patents
一種鉑金屬配合物及其在有機電致發光器件中的應用 Download PDFInfo
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KTADSLDAUJLZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KTADSLDAUJLZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N (1S,2S,6R,14R,15R,16R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC=3C4=C(C(=CC=3)O)O[C@H]3[C@@]5(OC)CC[C@@]2([C@@]43CC1)C[C@@H]5[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)CC)CC1CC1 HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHDIJLFSKNMCMI-ITGJKDDRSA-N (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-quinolin-6-yloxyoctoxy)oxane-2,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)OCCCCCCCCOC=1C=C2C=CC=NC2=CC=1)O PHDIJLFSKNMCMI-ITGJKDDRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXNPEQZHMGFNAY-GEALJGNFSA-N (5R)-4-[(1S,6R)-5-[(2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propanoyl]-2,5-diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-yl]-5-methyl-6,8-dihydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC(=O)NC2=C1C(=NC=N2)N3CCN([C@H]4[C@@H]3C4)C(=O)[C@H](CNC(C)C)C5=CC=C(C=C5)Cl RXNPEQZHMGFNAY-GEALJGNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150050192 PIGM gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- NPUXORBZRBIOMQ-RUZDIDTESA-N [(2R)-1-[[4-[[3-(benzenesulfonylmethyl)-5-methylphenoxy]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2-pyrrolidinyl]methanol Chemical compound C=1C(OCC=2C=CC(CN3[C@H](CCC3)CO)=CC=2)=CC(C)=CC=1CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPUXORBZRBIOMQ-RUZDIDTESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GVOISEJVFFIGQE-YCZSINBZSA-N n-[(1r,2s,5r)-5-[methyl(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-[(3s)-2-oxo-3-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl]amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl]cyclohexyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C)C(C)C)CC[C@@H]1N1C(=O)[C@@H](NC=2C3=CC(=CC=C3N=CN=2)C(F)(F)F)CC1 GVOISEJVFFIGQE-YCZSINBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
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Abstract
本發明涉及一種鉑金屬配合物及其在有機電致發光器件中的應用。鉑金屬配合物為具有化學式(I)結構的化合物,該化合物應用的有機電致發光器件,具有較低的驅動電壓,較高的發光效率,且使用壽命也有一定程度的提升,有潛力應用於有機電致發光器件領域。本發明還提供了一種有機電致光電器件,包括陰極、陽極和有機層,所述有機層為空穴注入層、空穴傳輸層、發光層、空穴阻擋層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層中的一層或多層,有機層中至少有一層含有結構式(I)中的化合物。
Description
本發明涉及有機電致發光材料領域,具體涉及一種鉑金屬配合物及其作為發光材料在有機電致發光器件中的應用。
有機光電子器件,包括但不限於以下幾類:有機電致發光器件(OLEDs),有機薄膜電晶體(OTFTs),有機光伏器件(OPVs),發光電化學池(LCEs)和化學感測器。
近年來,OLEDs作為一種有巨大應用前景的照明、顯示技術,受到了學術界與產業界的廣泛關注。OLEDs器件具有自發光、廣視角、反應時間短及可製備柔性器件等特性,成為下一代顯示、照明技術的有力競爭者。但目前OLEDs仍然存在效率低、壽命短等問題,有待人們進一步研究。
早期的螢光OLEDs通常只能利用單重態發光,器件中所產生的三重態激子無法有效利用而通過非輻射的方式回到基態,限製了OLEDs的推廣使用。1998年,香港大學支志明等人首次報導了電致磷光現象。同年,Thompson等人使用過渡金屬配合物作為發光材料製備了磷光OLEDs。磷光OLEDs能夠高效地利用單線態和三線態激子發光,理論上可以實現100%的內量子效率,在很大程度上促進了OLEDs的商業化進程OLEDs發光顏色的調控可以通過發光材料的結構設計來實現。OLEDs可以包括一個發光層或者多個發光層以實現所需要的光譜。目前,綠色、黃色和紅色磷光材料已經實現了商業化。商業化的OLEDs顯示器,通常採用藍色螢光和黃色,或綠色和紅色磷光搭配來實現全彩顯示。磷光OLEDs在高亮度下效率快速降低仍然是一個需要解決的問題。具有更高效率和更長使用壽命的發光材料是目前產業界迫切需要的。
金屬配合物作為發光材料已經在產業上實現了應用,但其性能方面,如發光效率、使用壽命仍須進一步提升。此外,材料在聚集態時易導致發光淬滅也是要解決的問題。
針對現有技術存在的上述問題,本發明提供了一種鉑金屬配合物發光材料,該材料應用於有機電致發光器件體現了良好的光電性能和器件壽命。本發明還提供了一種電致發光器件,該器件包含了本發明的金屬配合物。
鉑金屬配合物,為具有式(I)結構的化合物:(I)
其中:
R1
至R32
各自獨立地選自:氫、氘、鹵素、取代或未取代的具有1-20個碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-20個環碳原子的環烷基、取代或未取代的具有1-20個碳原子的烷氧基、取代或未取代的具有6-30個碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-30個碳原子的雜芳基、或者氰基;Ar1
和Ar2
分別獨立地選自6-14個碳原子的芳香基團或者3-12碳原子的雜芳香基團,所述雜芳香基團中雜原子選自O、S、N中的一種或幾種,所述取代為被氘、鹵素,C1-8烷基取代。
優選地,通式(I)中,R1
至R32
分別獨立地選自:氫、氘、鹵素、取代或未取代的具有1-6個碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-6個環碳原子的環烷基、取代或未取代的具有6-12個碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-6個碳原子的雜芳基;Ar1
和Ar2
分別獨立地選自苯基和吡啶。
優選地,通式(I)中,R1
至R32
分別獨立地選自:氫、氘、取代或未取代的具有1-4個碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-6個環碳原子的環烷基、苯基、甲苯基或吡啶基;Ar1
和Ar2
相同。
進一步優選,通式(I)中,R1
至R32
分別獨立地選自:氫、甲基、異丙基或叔丁基。
進一步優選,通式(I)中R1
至R32
中R1
至R3
、R12
至R17
、R26
至R30
為氫,其它基團為氫、甲基、異丙基或叔丁基,Ar1
和Ar2
為苯基。
以下列出按照本發明的鉑金屬配合物例子,但不限於所列舉的結構:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
25 | 26 | 27 | 28 。 |
本發明還提供一種上述鉑金屬配合物在有機光電子器件中的應用,所述光電子器件包括,但不限於,有機電致發光器件(OLEDs),有機薄膜電晶體(OTFTs),有機光伏器件(OPVs),發光電化學池(LCEs)和化學感測器,優選為OLEDs。
一種包含上述鉑金屬配合物的有機電致發光器件(OLEDs),該配合物作為發光器件中的發光材料。
本發明中的有機電致發光器件,包括陰極、陽極和有機層,所述有機層為空穴注入層、空穴傳輸層、發光層、空穴阻擋層、電子注入層、電子傳輸層中的一層或多層,這些有機層不必每層都存在。
所述空穴注入層、空穴傳輸層、空穴阻擋層、發光層和/或電子傳輸層中至少有一層含有式(I)所述的化合物。
優選地,結構式(1)所述的化合物所在層為發光層或電子傳輸層。
本發明的器件有機層的總厚度為1-1000nm,優選1-500nm,更優選5-300nm。
所述有機層可以通過蒸渡或溶液法形成薄膜。
本發明有益的技術效果主要在於:(1)本發明中的鉑金屬配合物應用於OLED器件中,具有良好的發光效率和器件使用壽命;(2)傳統發光分子在聚集態時,由於分子間相互作用較強,導致發光量子產率降低,本發明中的鉑金屬配合物具有較強的三維空間構型,在聚集態時,具有聚集誘導發光增強的性質,有利於提高器件的發光效率。
本發明對材料的合成方法不作要求,為了更詳細敘述本發明,特舉以下例子,但是不限於此。
下述合成中所用到的原料均為市售產品。
中間體1c的合成
氮氣保護下,將化合物1a(4.9g,10.0mmol)(參考文獻J. Mater. Chem., 2014,2,2028合成)溶於四氫呋喃(50mL),冷卻至-78o
C,逐滴加入正丁基鋰BuLi(2.0M,11mL),攪拌30分鐘後,將化合物1b(4.2g,25.0mmol)(參考文獻J.Am.Chem.Soc,2008,130,9942合成)的四氫呋喃溶液(10mL)滴加至上述溶液,攪拌30分鐘後,升至室溫,繼續攪拌1小時。將上述反應液加入稀鹽酸溶液中(1M,100mL),攪拌30分鐘。混合物經二氯甲烷萃取三次,合併有機相。有機相經無水硫酸鈉乾燥後,旋除溶劑得淺黃色固體,剩餘物經柱層析分離得淺黃色油狀物(2.8g,產率51%)。ESI-MS(m
/z
):543.2(M+1)。
化合物1d的合成:
氮氣保護下,將2-溴聯苯(2.3g,10.0mmol)溶於四氫呋喃(30mL),冷卻至-78o
C,逐滴加入正丁基鋰BuLi(2.0M,11mL),攪拌30分鐘後,將化合物1c(2.6g,4.8mmol)的四氫呋喃溶液(10mL)滴加至上述溶液。攪拌30分鐘後,升至室溫,繼續攪拌1小時。將上述反應液加入水中,經二氯甲烷萃取三次,合併有機相。有機相經無水硫酸鈉乾燥後,旋除溶劑得淺黃色固體。將上述固體溶於醋酸(50mL)中,加入濃硫酸(4mL),氮氣保護下回流過夜。冷至室溫後,將上述反應液加入水中,經二氯甲烷萃取三次,合併有機相。有機相經無水硫酸鈉乾燥後,旋除溶劑,剩餘物經柱層析分離得淺黃色固體(2.8g,產率71%)。ESI-MS(m
/z
):815.3(M+1)。
配合物1的合成
將化合物1d(2.5g,3.1mmol)、氯亞鉑酸鉀(1.5g,3.6mmol)和250mL乙酸加入燒瓶中,氮氣保護下,回流攪拌48小時。冷至室溫後,將上述反應液加入水中,過濾得粗產物,重結晶得黃色固體(2.5g,產率80%)。ESI-MS(m
/z
):1008.3(M+1)。
中間體22b的合成
使用化合物22a(參考文獻Dyes Pigm.,2015,121,7合成)替換2-溴聯苯,參考化合物1d的製備方法合成中間體22b,得淺黃色固體2.9g,產率69%。ESI-MS(m
/z
):1039.6(M+1)。
配合物22的合成
使用化合物22b替換1d,參考配合物1的製備方法合成配合物22,得黃色固體2.1g,產率73%。ESI-MS(m
/z
):1232.5(M+1)。
實施例3
使用本發明的配合物發光材料製備電致發光器件,器件結構見圖1。
首先,將透明導電ITO玻璃基板10(上面帶有陽極20)依次經:洗滌劑溶液和去離子水,乙醇,丙酮,去離子水洗淨,再用氧等離子處理30秒。
然後,在ITO上蒸鍍10 nm 厚的HATCN作為空穴注入層30。
然後,蒸鍍化合物HT,形成40 nm厚的空穴傳輸層40。
然後,在空穴傳輸層上蒸鍍20 nm厚的發光層50,發光層由配合物 1(20%)與CBP(80%)混合摻雜組成。
然後,在發光層上蒸鍍40 nm厚的AlQ3
作為電子傳輸層60。
最後,蒸鍍1nmLiF為電子注入層70和100nmAl作為器件陰極80。
實施例4
使用配合物22替換配合物1,採用實施例3中所描述的方法製備電致發光器件。
實施例3、4及比較例中的有機電致發光器件在10mA/cm2
電流密度下的器件性能列於表1:
表1
實施例 | 配合物 | 驅動電壓 | 發光效率 | 器件壽命(LT95) |
3 | 1 | 0.91 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
4 | 22 | 0.87 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
比較例 | Ir(PPy)3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
備註:器件的性能測試以比較例作為參考,比較例中的各項指標設為1LT95表示器件亮度衰減至初始亮度95%對應的時間。 |
由表1資料可以看出,相同條件下,應用本發明中的化合物製備的有機電致發光器件的效率均優於比較例,相比於常見的配合物發光材料Ir(PPy)3
,本發明的鉑金屬配合物材料應用於有機電致發光器件,具有更低的驅動電壓和更高的發光效率。此外,器件壽命也有一定程度的改善,更符合顯示產業對於發光材料的要求,具有良好的產業化前景。
實施例5
鉑配合物1和22在聚集態和溶液中的發光量子產率比值(Ф a
/Ф b
)列於表2:
表2
配合物 | 2 | 22 |
Ф a /Ф b | 2.1 | 2.5 |
Ф a :聚集態配合物發光量子產率;Ф b :鉑配合物在二氯甲烷溶液(1x10-5 M)中的發光量子產率。 |
通過表2的資料可以發現,本發明的鉑金屬配合物在聚集態的量子產率高於在溶液中的量子產率。可見,本發明的鉑金屬配合物還具有聚集誘導發光增強的性質。
上述多種實施方案僅作為示例,不用於限製本發明範圍。在不偏離本發明精神的前提下,本發明中的多種材料和結構可以用其它材料和結構替代。應當理解,本領域的技術人員無需創造性的勞動就可以根據本發明的思路做出許多修改和變化。因此,技術人員在現有技術基礎上通過分析、推理或者部分研究可以得到的技術方案,均應在權利要求書所限製的保護範圍內。
10:玻璃基板
20:陽極
30:空穴注入層
40:空穴傳輸層
50:發光層
60:電子傳輸層
70:電子注入層
80:陰極
圖1為本發明的有機電致發光器件結構圖,
10:玻璃基板
20:陽極
30:空穴注入層
40:空穴傳輸層
50:發光層
60:電子傳輸層
70:電子注入層
80:陰極
Claims (12)
- 如請求項1所述的鉑金屬配合物,其中,R1 至R32 分別獨立地選自:氫、氘、鹵素、取代或未取代的具有1-6個碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-6個環碳原子的環烷基、取代或未取代的具有6-12個碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的具有3-6個碳原子的雜芳基;Ar1 和Ar2 分別獨立地選自苯基和吡啶。
- 如請求項2所述的鉑金屬配合物,其中,R1 至R32 分別獨立地選自:氫、氘、取代或未取代的具有1-4個碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的具有3-6個環碳原子的環烷基、苯基、甲苯基或吡啶基;Ar1 和Ar2 相同。
- 如請求項3所述的鉑金屬配合物,其中,R1 至R32 分別獨立地選自:氫、甲基、異丙基或叔丁基。
- 如請求項4所述的鉑金屬配合物,其中R1 至R32 中R1 至R3 、R12 至R17 、R26 至R30 為氫,其它基團為氫、甲基、異丙基或叔丁基,Ar1 和Ar2 為苯基。
- 一種如請求項1至7中任一項所述的鉑金屬配合物在有機電致發光器件,有機薄膜電晶體,有機光伏器件,發光電化學池和化學感測器中的應用。
- 一種有機電致發光器件,包括陰極、陽極和有機層,所述有機層為空穴注入層、空穴傳輸層、發光層、空穴阻擋層、電子注入層、電子傳輸層中的一層或多層,所述有機層中含有請求項1至7中任一項所述的鉑金屬配合物。
- 如請求項10所述的有機電致發光器件,其中,請求項1至7中任一項所述的鉑金屬配合物所在層為發光層。
- 如請求項10所述的有機電致發光器件,其中,所述有機層的總厚度為1-1000nm,所述有機層通過蒸渡或溶液法形成薄膜。
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