WO2020211124A1 - 热活化延迟荧光材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管器件 - Google Patents

热活化延迟荧光材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管器件 Download PDF

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WO2020211124A1
WO2020211124A1 PCT/CN2019/085617 CN2019085617W WO2020211124A1 WO 2020211124 A1 WO2020211124 A1 WO 2020211124A1 CN 2019085617 W CN2019085617 W CN 2019085617W WO 2020211124 A1 WO2020211124 A1 WO 2020211124A1
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thermally activated
activated delayed
layer
compound
diode device
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罗佳佳
严舒星
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武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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    • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
    • C07D265/34—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of electroluminescent materials, and particularly relates to a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, a preparation method thereof, and an organic electroluminescent diode device.
  • OLED display panels have active light emission without backlight, high luminous efficiency, large viewing angle, fast response speed, large temperature adaptation range, relatively simple production and processing technology, and drive
  • the advantages of low voltage, low energy consumption, lighter and thinner, flexible display and huge application prospects have attracted the attention of many researchers.
  • the principle of the OLED device is that under the action of an electric field, holes and electrons are injected from the anode and the cathode respectively, through the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the electron injection layer, and the electron transport layer, respectively, to form excitons in the light emitting layer.
  • Exciton radiation attenuates luminescence.
  • organic electroluminescent materials have a great impact on the performance of the devices.
  • the light-emitting layer of an OLED device generally contains a host material and a guest material, and the light-emitting guest material that plays a leading role is very important.
  • the light-emitting guest materials used in early OLED devices were fluorescent materials. Since the ratio of singlet and triplet excitons in OLED devices is 1:3, the theoretical internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of OLED devices based on fluorescent materials is only It can reach 25%, which greatly limits the application of fluorescent electroluminescent devices. Due to the spin-orbit coupling of heavy atoms, heavy metal complex phosphorescent materials can simultaneously use singlet and triplet excitons to achieve 100% IQE.
  • the pure organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material has a molecular structure combining electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A).
  • D electron donor
  • A electron acceptor
  • the molecule has a small minimum single triplet energy difference ( ⁇ E) ST ), so that the triplet excitons can return to the singlet state through the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and then through the radiation transition to the ground state to emit light, so that the singlet and triplet excitons can be used at the same time, and 100% can also be achieved IQE.
  • TADF materials For TADF materials, fast reverse intersystem crossing constant (k RISC ) and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) are necessary conditions for the preparation of high-efficiency OLED devices. At present, TADF materials with the above conditions are still relatively scarce compared to heavy metal Ir complexes.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, which has an ultrafast reverse inter-system crossing rate and high luminous efficiency, is a TADF material with significant TADF characteristics, and can be used as a light-emitting layer material of an organic electroluminescent diode.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, which is easy to operate and has a high yield of the target product.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent diode device, which uses the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material as the light-emitting layer material, thereby improving the light-emitting efficiency of the device.
  • the present invention provides a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, which has a chemical structure shown in the following formula 1:
  • R represents a chemical group as an electron donor, and X, Y, and Z are all One of them.
  • the chemical group R of the electron donor is selected from any one of the following groups:
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is compound 1, compound 2 or compound 3.
  • the structural formulas of compound 1, compound 2 and compound 3 are as follows:
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, and its chemical synthesis route is as follows:
  • the general structural formula of the electron-donor-containing compound is R-H, where R represents a chemical group as an electron donor.
  • the chemical group R of the electron donor is selected from any one of the following groups:
  • the electron donor compound is 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine, phenoxazine or phenothiazine.
  • the present invention also provides an organic electroluminescent diode device, including a substrate, a first electrode provided on the substrate, an organic functional layer provided on the first electrode, and a second electrode provided on the organic functional layer ;
  • the organic functional layer includes one or more organic film layers, and at least one of the organic film layers is a light-emitting layer;
  • the light-emitting layer comprises a mixed host material and a guest material, and the guest material is selected from the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material according to any one of claims 1-3.
  • the light-emitting layer is formed by vacuum evaporation or solution coating.
  • the host material is DPEPO or mCBP.
  • the substrate is a glass substrate, the material of the first electrode is indium tin oxide, and the second electrode is a double-layer composite structure composed of a lithium fluoride layer and an aluminum layer;
  • the organic functional layer includes multiple organic film layers, the multilayer organic film layer includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, wherein the material of the hole injection layer is molybdenum trioxide
  • the material of the hole transport layer is TCTA
  • the material of the electron transport layer is TmPyPB.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the present invention is a TADF compound with a lower single triplet energy level difference, an ultrafast reverse intersystem crossing rate and a high luminous efficiency.
  • the luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting display device can be improved, and the organic electroluminescent diode devices based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the present invention have achieved very high device efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of HOMO and LUMO energy levels of compounds 1-3 prepared in specific examples 1-3 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a photoluminescence spectrum of compound 1-3 prepared in specific examples 1-3 of the present invention in a toluene solution at room temperature;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the organic electroluminescent diode device of the present invention.
  • the synthetic route of target compound 1 is as follows:
  • the synthetic route of target compound 2 is as follows:
  • raw material 1 (2.88g, 5mmol), phenoxazine (1.10g, 6mmol), palladium acetate (45mg, 0.2mmol) and tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (0.17g, 0.6 mmol), and then add sodium tert-butoxide (0.58 g, 6 mmol) in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and drive 40 mL of toluene that has been dewatered and deoxygenated in an argon atmosphere, and react at 120° C. for 24 hours.
  • the synthetic route of target compound 3 is as follows:
  • raw material 1 (2.88g, 5mmol), phenothiazine (1.19g, 6mmol), palladium acetate (45mg, 0.2mmol) and tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (0.17g, 0.6 mmol), and then add sodium tert-butoxide (0.58 g, 6 mmol) in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and drive 40 mL of toluene that has been dewatered and deoxygenated in an argon atmosphere, and react at 120° C. for 24 hours.
  • Figure 1 shows the orbital arrangement of compound 1-3. It can be clearly seen from Figure 1 that the highest electron occupied orbital (HOMO) and lowest electron unoccupied orbital (LUMO) of compound 1-3 are arranged in In different units, complete separation is achieved, which helps to reduce the energy difference ⁇ EST between systems, thereby improving the ability of reverse intersystem crossing.
  • Figure 2 shows the photoluminescence spectra of Compound 1-3 in a toluene solution at room temperature. For compounds 1-3, the lowest singlet energy level S1 and the lowest triplet energy level T1 of the molecule were simulated and calculated.
  • Examples 1-3 The relevant data of Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that the ⁇ Est of all the compounds is less than 0.3ev, which achieves a small singlet and triplet energy level difference, and has an obvious delayed fluorescence effect.
  • PL Peak represents the photoluminescence peak
  • S1 represents the singlet energy level
  • T1 represents the triplet energy level
  • ⁇ EST represents the difference between the singlet and triplet energy levels.
  • OLED organic electroluminescent diode
  • the organic electroluminescent diode device using the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the present invention as the guest material of the light-emitting layer may include a substrate 9, an anode layer 1, a hole injection layer 2, and a cavity which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
  • the substrate 9 is a glass substrate
  • the material of the anode 1 is indium tin oxide (ITO)
  • the substrate 9 and the anode 1 together constitute ITO glass.
  • the material of the hole injection layer 2 is molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), the material of the hole transport layer 3 is TCTA, and the material of the light emitting layer is a mixture of the activated delayed fluorescent compound of the present invention and mCBP or DPEPO
  • the material of the electron transport layer 5 is TmPyPB.
  • the cathode has a double-layer structure composed of a lithium fluoride (LiF) layer and an aluminum (Al) layer.
  • TCTA refers to 4,4',4”-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine
  • DPEPO refers to bis[2-((oxo)diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether
  • mCBP refers to 3, 3'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl
  • TmPyPB refers to 1,3,5-tris(3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl)benzene.
  • the organic electroluminescent diode device can be manufactured according to a method known in the art, and the specific method is: sequentially vapor-depositing a 2nm thick MoO 3 film, a 35nm thick TCTA film, and a DPEPO on the cleaned ITO glass under high vacuum conditions. Or mCBP plus activated delayed fluorescence compound, 40nm thick Tm3PyPB film, 1nm thick LiF film and 100nm thick Al film.
  • the device as shown in Figure 3 is made by this method, and the specific device structures are as follows:
  • ITO/MoO 3 (2nm)/TCTA(35nm)/DPEPO Compound 1(3%40nm)/TmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)
  • the current-brightness-voltage characteristics of devices 1-3 are completed by Keithley source measurement systems (Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter, Keithley 2000 Currentmeter) with calibrated silicon photodiodes, and the electroluminescence spectrum is measured by the French JY company SPEX CCD3000 spectrometer , All measurements are done in room temperature atmosphere.
  • the performance data of devices 1-3 are shown in Table 2 below.
  • CIEy is the y coordinate value of the standard CIE color space.
  • the present invention fine-tunes the structure of the electron donor, changes the electron donating ability of the electron donor, studies the influence of the strength of the electron donor on the material performance, and designs a thermal activation delay with significant TADF characteristics.
  • the fluorescent material realizes the adjustment of the light emission spectrum of the material from blue to red.
  • the organic electroluminescent diode device can be effectively improved
  • the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescent diode device based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material of the present invention has a very high device efficiency.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种热活化延迟荧光材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管器件，所述热活化延迟荧光材料的结构通式如下式一所示：（I） R表示作为电子给体的化学基团，X、Y、Z分别为（II）, （III）, （IV）中的一种，X、Y、Z相同或不同。本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料具有超快反向系间窜越速率及高发光效率，为具有显著TADF特性的TADF材料，当其作为发光层客体材料应用于有机电致发光二极管器件时，可以有效提高有机电致发光二极管器件的发光效率，基于本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料的有机电致发光二极管器件具有非常高的器件效率。

Description

热活化延迟荧光材料及其制备方法与有机电致发光二极管器件 技术领域
本发明属于电致发光材料技术领域，特别涉及一种热活化延迟荧光材料及其制备方法和有机电致发光二极管器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)显示面板以其主动发光不需要背光源、发光效率高、可视角度大、响应速度快、温度适应范围大、生产加工工艺相对简单、驱动电压低、能耗小、更轻更薄、柔性显示等优点以及巨大的应用前景，吸引了众多研究者的关注。
OLED器件的原理在于，在电场作用下，空穴和电子分别从阳极和阴极注入，分别通过空穴注入层、空穴传输层和电子注入层、电子传输层，在发光层复合形成激子，激子辐射衰减发光。
有机电致发光材料作为OLED器件的核心组成部分，对器件的使用性能具有很大的影响。OLED器件的发光层一般含有主体材料和客体材料，其中，起主导作用的发光客体材料至关重要。早期的OLED器件使用的发光客体材料为荧光材料，由于其在OLED器件中单重态和三重态的激子比例为1:3，因此基于荧光材料的OLED器件的理论内量子效率(IQE)只能达到25％，极大的限制了荧光电致发光器件的应用。重金属配合物磷光材料由于重原子的自旋轨道耦合作用，使得它能够同时利用单重态和三重态激子而实现100％的IQE。然而，通常使用的重金属都是铱(Ir)、铂(Pt)等贵重金属，并且重金属配合物磷光发光材料在蓝光材料方面尚有待突破。纯有机热活化延迟荧光(TADF)材料，具有电子给体(D)和电子受体(A)相结合的分子结构，通过巧妙的分子设计，使得分子具有较小的最低单三重能级差(ΔE ST)，这样三重态激子可以通过反向系间窜越(RISC)回到单重态，再通过辐射跃迁至基态而发光，从而能够同时利用单、三重态激子，也可以实现100％的IQE。
对于TADF材料，快速的反向系间窜越常数(k RISC)以及高的光致发光量子产率(PLQY)是制备高效率OLED器件的必要条件。目前，具备上述条件的TADF材料相对于重金属Ir配合物而言还是比较匮乏。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种热活化延迟荧光材料，具有超快反向系间窜越速率及高发光效率，为具有显著TADF特性的TADF材料，可作为有机电致发光二极管的发光层材料。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种热活化延迟荧光材料的制备方法，该方法易于操作，且获得目标产物的产率较高。
本发明又一目的在于提供一种有机电致发光二极管器件，采用上述热活化延迟荧光材料作为发光层材料，从而提高器件的发光效率。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明提供一种热活化延迟荧光材料，具有如下式一所示的化学结构：
式一
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000001
以上式一中，R表示作为电子给体的化学基团，X、Y、Z均为
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000003
中的一种。
所述电子给体的化学基团R选自以下基团中的任意一种：
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000004
所述的热活化延迟荧光材料为化合物1、化合物2或化合物3，所述化合物1、化合物2和化合物3的结构式分别如下：
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000005
本发明还提供一种热活化延迟荧光材料的制备方法，其化学合成路线如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000006
具体为：向反应瓶中加入摩尔比为1:1-2:0.02-0.1:0.1-0.2的卤代原料、含电子给体化合物、醋酸钯和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐，然后在无水无氧环境下按与卤代原料为1-2：1的摩尔比加入叔丁醇钠，在氩气氛围下打入除水除氧的甲苯，在110-130℃反应20-30小时；冷却至室温，将反应液倒入冰水中，萃取后合并有机相，旋成硅胶，柱层析分离纯化，得产物，计算收率；
所述卤代原料的结构通式为
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000007
其中，X、Y、Z均为
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000009
中的一种；
所述含电子给体化合物的结构通式为R-H，其中，R表示作为电子给体的化学基团。
所述电子给体的化学基团R选自以下基团中的任意一种：
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000010
所述卤代原料的结构式为
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000011
所述含电子给体化合物为9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶、吩噁嗪或吩噻嗪。
本发明还提供一种有机电致发光二极管器件，包括基板、设置于所述基板上的第一电极、设置于第一电极上的有机功能层及设置于所述有机功能层上的第二电极；
所述有机功能层包括一层或多层有机膜层，且至少一层所述有机膜层为发光层；
所述发光层包含混合的主体材料和客体材料，所述客体材料选自如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的热活化延迟荧光材料。
所述发光层采用真空蒸镀或者溶液涂覆的方法形成。
所述主体材料为DPEPO或mCBP。
所述基板为玻璃基板，所述第一电极的材料为氧化铟锡，所述第二电极为氟化锂层与铝层构成的双层复合结构；
所述有机功能层包括多层有机膜层，该多层有机膜层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层，其中，所述空穴注入层的材料为三氧 化钼，所述空穴传输层的材料为TCTA，所述电子传输层的材料为TmPyPB。
相比于已有材料和技术，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果：
(1)本发明通过对电子给体基团的结构微调，使得它们具有不同的给电子能力，设计出具有显著TADF特性的热活化延迟荧光材料，实现了材料发光光谱从蓝光到红光范围内的调节；
(2)本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料，为具有较低单三线态能级差、超快反向系间窜越速率及高发光效率的TADF化合物，当其作为客体材料应用于有机发光显示装置时，可以提高有机发光显示装置的发光效率，基于本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料的有机电致发光二极管器件都取得了非常高的器件效率。
附图说明
下面结合附图，通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本发明的技术方案及其它有益效果显而易见。
附图中，
图1为本发明具体实施例1-3中所制备的化合物1-3的HOMO与LUMO能级分布图；
图2为本发明具体实施例1-3中所制备的化合物1-3在室温下甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱图；
图3为本发明有机电致发光二极管器件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明中所用的未注明的一些原料均为市售商品。一些化合物的制备方法将在实施案例中描述。下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1：
目标化合物1的合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000012
向100mL二口瓶中加入原料1(2.88g，5mmol)，9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基 吖啶(1.25g，6mmol)，醋酸钯Pb(OAc)(45mg，0.2mmol)和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(t-Bu) 3HPBF 4(0.17g，0.6mmol)，然后在无水无氧环境下加入叔丁醇钠NaOt-Bu(0.58g，6mmol)，在氩气氛围下打入40mL事先除水除氧的甲苯，在120℃反应24小时。冷却至室温，将反应液倒入200mL冰水中，二氯甲烷萃取三次，合并有机相，旋成硅胶，柱层析(二氯甲烷:正己烷，v:v，1:1)分离纯化，得2.1g淡蓝色粉末的化合物1，产率60％。
1HNMR(300MHz,CD 2Cl 2,δ):8.44(s,3H),7.79(d,J＝6.0Hz 4H),7.62-7.53(m,8H),7.35(d,J＝6.6Hz 2H),7.20-7.14(m,6H),6.95-6.90(m,2H),1.69(s,6H)。
实施例2：
目标化合物2的合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000013
向100mL二口瓶中加入原料1(2.88g，5mmol)，吩噁嗪(1.10g，6mmol)，醋酸钯(45mg，0.2mmol)和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.17g，0.6mmol)，然后在无水无氧环境下加入叔丁醇钠(0.58g，6mmol)，在氩气氛围下打入40mL事先除水除氧的甲苯，在120℃反应24小时。冷却至室温，将反应液倒入200mL冰水中，二氯甲烷萃取三次，合并有机相，旋成硅胶，柱层析(二氯甲烷:正己烷，v:v，1:1)分离纯化，得2.6g绿色粉末的化合物2，产率76％。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD 2Cl 2,δ):8.44(s,3H),7.79(d,J＝6.0Hz 4H),7.62-7.53(m,8H),7.35(d,J＝6.6Hz 2H),7.19-7.14(m,2H),7.05-6.96(m,6H)。
实施例3：
目标化合物3的合成路线如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000014
向100mL二口瓶中加入原料1(2.88g，5mmol)，吩噻嗪(1.19g，6mmol)，醋酸钯(45mg，0.2mmol)和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(0.17g，0.6mmol)，然后在无水无氧环境下加入叔丁醇钠(0.58g，6mmol)，在氩气氛围下打入40mL事先除水除氧的甲苯，在120℃反应24小时。冷却至室温，将反应液倒入200mL冰水中，二氯甲烷萃取三次，合并有机相，旋成硅胶，柱层析(二氯甲烷:正己烷，v:v，1:1)分离纯化，得1.6g红色粉末的化合物3，产率46％。
1H NMR(300MHz,CD 2Cl 2,δ):8.44(s,3H),7.79(d,J＝6.0Hz 4H),7.62-7.53(m,8H),7.35(d,J＝6.6Hz 2H),7.20-7.14(m,6H),6.96-6.89(m,2H)。
图1示出了化合物1-3的轨道排布情况，从图1中可以明显看出，化合物1-3的最高电子占据轨道(HOMO)与最低电子未占据轨道(LUMO)均分别排布在不同的单元上，实现了完全的分离，这有助于减小系间能差ΔEST，从而提高反向系间窜越能力。图2示出了化合物1-3在室温下甲苯溶液中的光致发光光谱。针对化合物1-3，模拟计算了分子的最低单线态能级S1和最低三线态能级T1。
实施例1-3的相关数据如表1所示。由表1可以看出，所有化合物的ΔEst均小于0.3ev，实现了较小的单线态和三线态能级差，具有明显的延迟荧光效应。
表1、化合物1-3的光物理性质结果
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000015
表1中，PL Peak表示光致发光峰，S1表示单线态能级，T1表示三线态能级，ΔEST表示单线态和三线态能级差。
实施例4：
有机电致发光二极管(OLED)器件的制备：
如图1所述，本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料作为发光层客体材料的有机电致发光二极管器件，可包括从下到上依次设置的基板9、阳极层1、空穴注入层2、空穴传输层3、发光层4、电子传输层5、及阴极层6。其中，所述基板9为玻璃基板，所述阳极1的材料为氧化铟锡(ITO)，所述基板9与阳极1共同构成ITO玻璃。所述空穴注入层2的材料为三氧化钼(MoO 3)， 所述空穴传输层3的材料为TCTA，所述发光层的材料为本发明的活化延迟荧光化合物与mCBP或者DPEPO的混合物，所述电子传输层5的材料为TmPyPB。所述阴极为氟化锂(LiF)层与铝(Al)层构成的双层结构。
其中，TCTA指4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺，DPEPO指二[2-((氧代)二苯基膦基)苯基]醚，mCBP指3,3'-二(N-咔唑基)-1,1'-联苯，TmPyPB指1,3,5-三(3-(3-吡啶基)苯基)苯。
所述有机电致发光二极管器件可按本领域已知方法制作，具体方法为：在经过清洗的ITO玻璃上，高真空条件下依次蒸镀2nm厚的MoO 3膜、35nm厚的TCTA膜、DPEPO或mCBP加活化延迟荧光化合物、40nm厚的Tm3PyPB膜、1nm厚的LiF膜和100nm厚的Al膜。用该方法制得如图3所示的器件，各种具体的器件结构如下：
器件1：
ITO/MoO 3(2nm)/TCTA(35nm)/DPEPO：化合物1(3％40nm)/TmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)
器件2：
ITO/MoO 3(2nm)/TCTA(35nm)/mCBP：化合物2(5％40nm)/TmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)
器件3：
ITO/MoO 3(2nm)/TCTA(35nm)/mCBP：化合物3(5％40nm)/TmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)
器件1-3的电流-亮度-电压特性是由带有校正过的硅光电二极管的Keithley源测量系统(Keithley 2400Sourcemeter、Keithley 2000Currentmeter)完成的，电致发光光谱是由法国JY公司SPEX CCD3000光谱仪测量的，所有测量均在室温大气中完成。器件1-3的性能数据见下表2。
表2、基于化合物1-3为发光层客体材料的器件的性能结果
Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-000016
表2中，CIEy为标准CIE色彩空间的y坐标值。
综上所述，本发明通过对电子给体的结构微调，改变电子给体的给电子能力，研究电子给体的强弱对材料性能带来的影响，设计出具有显著TADF特性的热活化延迟荧光材料，实现了材料发光光谱从蓝光到红光范围 内的调节；本发明进一步将上述热活化延迟荧光材料应用于有机电致发光二极管器件的客体材料时，可以有效提高有机电致发光二极管器件的发光效率，基于本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料的有机电致发光二极管器件具有非常高的器件效率。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种热活化延迟荧光材料，具有如下式一所示的化学结构：
    式一
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100001
    以上式一中，R表示作为电子给体的化学基团，X、Y、Z分别为
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100003
    中的一种，X、Y、Z相同或不同。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的热活化延迟荧光材料，其中，所述电子给体的化学基团R选自以下基团中的任意一种：
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100004
  3. 如权利要求2所述的热活化延迟荧光材料，为化合物1、化合物2或化合物3，所述化合物1、化合物2和化合物3的结构式分别如下：
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100005
  4. 一种热活化延迟荧光材料的制备方法，化学合成路线如下所示：
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100006
    具体为：向反应瓶中加入摩尔比为1:1-2:0.02-0.1:0.1-0.2的卤代原料、含电子给体化合物、醋酸钯和三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐，然后在无水无氧环境下按与卤代原料为1-2：1的摩尔比加入叔丁醇钠，在氩气氛围下打入除水除氧的甲苯，在110-130℃反应20-30小时；冷却至室温，将反应液倒入冰水中，萃取后合并有机相，旋成硅胶，柱层析分离纯化，得产物，计算收率；
    所述卤代原料的结构通式为
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100007
    其中，X、Y、Z均为
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100009
    中的一种；
    所述含电子给体化合物的结构通式为R-H，其中，R表示作为电子给体的化学基团。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的热活化延迟荧光材料的制备方法，其中，所述电子给体的化学基团R选自以下基团中的任意一种：
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100011
  6. 如权利要求5所述的热活化延迟荧光材料的制备方法，其中，所述卤代原料的结构式为
    Figure PCTCN2019085617-appb-100012
    所述含电子给体化合物为9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶、吩噁嗪或吩噻嗪。
  7. 一种有机电致发光二极管器件，包括基板、设置于所述基板上的第一电极、设置于第一电极上的有机功能层及设置于所述有机功能层上的第二电极；
    所述有机功能层包括一层或多层有机膜层，且至少一层所述有机膜层为发光层；
    所述发光层包含混合的主体材料和客体材料，所述客体材料选自如权利要求1所述的热活化延迟荧光材料。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光二极管器件，其中，所述发光层采用真空蒸镀或者溶液涂覆的方法形成。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光二极管器件，其中，所述主体材料为DPEPO或mCBP。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的有机电致发光二极管器件，其中，所述基板为玻璃基板，所述第一电极的材料为氧化铟锡，所述第二电极为氟化锂层与铝层构成的双层复合结构；
    所述有机功能层包括多层有机膜层，该多层有机膜层包括空穴注入层、 空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层，其中，所述空穴注入层的材料为三氧化钼，所述空穴传输层的材料为TCTA，所述电子传输层的材料为TmPyPB。
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