TWI742262B - 鍍敷液 - Google Patents
鍍敷液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI742262B TWI742262B TW107109953A TW107109953A TWI742262B TW I742262 B TWI742262 B TW I742262B TW 107109953 A TW107109953 A TW 107109953A TW 107109953 A TW107109953 A TW 107109953A TW I742262 B TWI742262 B TW I742262B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- plating
- formula
- surfactants
- surfactant
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims description 111
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 83
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 54
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 51
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 41
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910007637 SnAg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910008433 SnCU Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-GASJEMHNSA-N (2xi)-D-gluco-heptonic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)C(O)=O KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OCCN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O URDCARMUOSMFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(O)=NC2=C1 YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXPKUUXHNFRBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-carboxyethylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCNCCC(O)=O TXPKUUXHNFRBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZOVBIIWPDQIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O BZOVBIIWPDQIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960003681 gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1OC1CCCC1 JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001211 (E)-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylsulfonio)acetate Chemical compound C[S+](C)CC([O-])=O PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGJUJWSDTDBTLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-Furyl)butan-3-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1=CC=CO1 GGJUJWSDTDBTLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVGOXGQSTGQXDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decane-sulfonic-acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O KVGOXGQSTGQXDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCBISIFFSNXYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CCN=C1 NCBISIFFSNXYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFYRIXSGFSWFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 FFYRIXSGFSWFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDKIWFRRJZZYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxypropane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)S(O)(=O)=O KDKIWFRRJZZYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAFOVUJOVUDROI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonoxynonane;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCC KAFOVUJOVUDROI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZYDKJOUEPFKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1O VZYDKJOUEPFKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWFSYIOOAAYYAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trichlorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=C(C=O)C(Cl)=C1 TWFSYIOOAAYYAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IKQCSJBQLWJEPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHANCLXYCNTZMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 XHANCLXYCNTZMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWQIRPAXTNULID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=C(C)N=C2C3=NC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=C(C)N=C2C3=NC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 MWQIRPAXTNULID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZBQMTZXOUFTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(furan-2-yl)-3h-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1C2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC=CO1 DIZBQMTZXOUFTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHGULLIUJBCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(N)=NC2=C1 UHGULLIUJBCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSQLQMLFTHJVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(Cl)=NC2=C1 BSQLQMLFTHJVKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPYUJUBAXZAQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C=O FPYUJUBAXZAQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFRMAJRLZOERAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecyl-1-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=[N+]1C ZFRMAJRLZOERAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTCCNERMXRIPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C=O)C(O)=CC=C21 NTCCNERMXRIPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSRGOAGKXKNHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybutane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O NSRGOAGKXKNHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWLIPWXABAEXNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxydecane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O ZWLIPWXABAEXNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRWFADPPHBJBER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxydodecane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O VRWFADPPHBJBER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZFRHHAIWDBFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyhexane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O CZFRHHAIWDBFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIYJUQDMHMUBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypentane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O RIYJUQDMHMUBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSXUNHYXJWDLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O HSXUNHYXJWDLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAKVUPMDDFICNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 LAKVUPMDDFICNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJNLCHNQVJVCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-methoxy-2-n-methyl-4-n,6-n-dipropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound CCCNC1=NC(NCCC)=NC(N(C)OC)=N1 FJNLCHNQVJVCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJKVFARRVXDXAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C=O)=CC=C21 PJKVFARRVXDXAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMPRRFPMMJQXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZMPRRFPMMJQXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRWILAKSARHZPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chlorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 SRWILAKSARHZPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USWINTIHFQKJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=CC2=C1 USWINTIHFQKJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYKLZUPYJFFNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one Chemical compound OC1CCCNC1=O RYKLZUPYJFFNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQPMYSHJKXVTME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OCCCS(O)(=O)=O WQPMYSHJKXVTME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGJBSAHFWRINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phosphanylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCP BUGJBSAHFWRINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPOBUCLARGMSSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydroimidazole-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)N1CCN=C1C(O)=O DPOBUCLARGMSSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYKDWGUFDOYDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-anilinobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 HYKDWGUFDOYDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEGPVWSPNYPPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OCCCCS(O)(=O)=O YEGPVWSPNYPPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCALAYIRFYALSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 XCALAYIRFYALSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHGPDSVHSDCMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2N=C(N)SC2=C1 KZHGPDSVHSDCMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZWTXWPRWRLHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2N=C(N)SC2=C1 DZWTXWPRWRLHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWTDMFJYBAURQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 80-82-0 Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HWTDMFJYBAURQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZXMNWMWRFISII-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O.[Na].[Na] Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O.[Na].[Na] VZXMNWMWRFISII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005956 Metaldehyde Substances 0.000 description 1
- VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N N-[[(5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1O[C@H](CN1C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JREOSEFCSTYCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-K OC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])C.[Bi+3].OC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])C.OC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])C Chemical compound OC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])C.[Bi+3].OC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])C.OC(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])C JREOSEFCSTYCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sulfide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1SCC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phloroglucinol Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ylmethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl]-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CC1=NOC2(C1)CCN(CC2)C(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWFRZGJUJSOHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Bi].[Cu].[Sn] Chemical compound [Bi].[Cu].[Sn] ZWFRZGJUJSOHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HAXFWIACAGNFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aldrithiol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1SSC1=CC=CC=N1 HAXFWIACAGNFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000379 antimony sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Sb] GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H antimony(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[Sb+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVIOINXPSFUJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MVIOINXPSFUJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzododecinium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical class C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWLORMQUOWCQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-dimethyl-octadecylazanium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FWLORMQUOWCQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930008407 benzylideneacetone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUAQKPWIIMBHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis(methylsulfonyloxy)indiganyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound [In+3].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O VUAQKPWIIMBHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JALQQBGHJJURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(methylsulfonyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O JALQQBGHJJURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000380 bismuth sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNMKEULGSNUTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O MNMKEULGSNUTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QDHFHIQKOVNCNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCS(O)(=O)=O QDHFHIQKOVNCNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRXCDHOLJPJLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C)S(O)(=O)=O BRXCDHOLJPJLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetylpyridinium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117916 cinnamic aldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BSXVKCJAIJZTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O BSXVKCJAIJZTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEQZMQXCOWIHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-H dibismuth;trisulfate Chemical compound [Bi+3].[Bi+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BEQZMQXCOWIHRY-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GFSVLGOWUCDWCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxyphosphoryl(nitro)methane Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C[N+]([O-])=O GFSVLGOWUCDWCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRZXKWFJEFFURH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecaethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO WRZXKWFJEFFURH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBSNFUYVULLJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecoxybenzene;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 PBSNFUYVULLJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBRNMIYLJIXXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCN HBRNMIYLJIXXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VICYBMUVWHJEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VICYBMUVWHJEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002333 glycines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYAQQULBLMNGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O FYAQQULBLMNGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKKDCARASOJPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N metaldehyde Chemical compound CC1OC(C)OC(C)OC(C)O1 GKKDCARASOJPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXIHYTLHIDQMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-L methanesulfonate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O CXIHYTLHIDQMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tin Chemical compound [Ni].[Sn] CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WURFKUQACINBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M ozonide Chemical compound [O]O[O-] WURFKUQACINBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RJQRCOMHVBLQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-M pentane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O RJQRCOMHVBLQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDXKIMMSFCCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2-sulphonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)S(O)(=O)=O HNDXKIMMSFCCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940079864 sodium stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUQIYMSRQQCKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3-di(propan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C(C)C)C(C(C)C)=CC2=C1 RUQIYMSRQQCKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZOJQMWTKJDSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3-dibutylnaphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(CCCC)C(CCCC)=CC2=C1 KZOJQMWTKJDSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWZFQMUXPSUDJQ-KVVVOXFISA-M sodium;[(z)-octadec-9-enyl] sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O MWZFQMUXPSUDJQ-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSCC(O)=O UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn] GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000597 tin-copper alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-benzylideneacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 BWHOZHOGCMHOBV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
- C25D3/32—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin characterised by the organic bath constituents used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/60—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明為關於一種用來形成錫或錫合金鍍敷膜(plating film)的鍍敷液(plating solution)。更詳細而言為關於一種錫或錫合金鍍敷液,其係適合於半導體晶圓或印刷基板用的焊料凸塊(solder bump)的形成,在廣範圍的電流密度範圍內的凸塊的高度為均勻且抑制了凸塊形成時的孔隙(void)的產生。尚,本國際申請案係主張基於2017年3月27日提出申請的日本國專利出願第61175號(特願2017-61175)及2018年2月26日提出申請的日本國專利出願第31865號(特願2018-31865)的優先權,並將特願2017-61175及特願2018-31865的全內容援用於此。
以往,揭示一種鉛-錫合金焊料鍍敷液,其係由含有選自酸及其鹽中的至少1種、可溶性鉛化合物、可溶性錫化合物、非離子系界面活性劑及萘磺酸的甲醛縮合物(a formalin condensate of naphthalene sulfonic acid)或其鹽的水溶液所構成(例如,參考專利文獻1)。該鍍敷液含有相對於鉛離子為0.02~1.50質量%的萘磺酸的甲醛縮合物或其鹽來作為添加物。專利文獻1中記載著如下之要旨:即使是以高電流密度來將該鍍敷液進行鍍敷,亦可形成表面的高度偏差較小、平滑且鉛/錫組成比的偏差較少的鉛-錫合金突起電極。
又,揭示一種錫或錫合金鍍敷浴,其係含有:(A)由錫鹽、與錫鹽及銀、銅、鉍、鉛等的指定的金屬鹽的混合物的任1種而成的可溶性鹽、(B)酸或其鹽、與(C)特定的菲繞啉二酮化合物(phenanthrolinedione compound)(例如,參考專利文獻2)。專利文獻2中記載著如下之要旨:由於該鍍敷浴含有特定的菲繞啉二酮化合物來作為添加物,因此藉由該鍍敷浴能夠具備在廣範圍的電流密度區域內優異的均勻電沈積性與良好的皮膜外觀,能夠在廣範圍的電流密度區域得到均勻的合成組成。
進而,揭示一種錫鍍敷液,其含有錫離子源、至少1種的非離子系界面活性劑、與作為添加物的咪唑啉雙羧酸鹽及1,10-菲繞啉(例如,參考專利文獻3)。專利文獻3中記載著如下之要旨:藉由該錫鍍敷液,即使在高度複雜化的印刷基板的鍍敷中亦未有灼燒,面內膜厚分佈的均勻性優異,通孔鍍敷的均勻性亦為優異。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本國特開2005-290505號公報(請求項1、段落[0004]) [專利文獻2]日本國特開2013-044001號公報(要約、段落[0010]) [專利文獻3]日本國特開2012-087393號公報(要約、段落[0006])
[發明所欲解決之課題]
對於用來形成作為半導體晶圓或印刷基板用的鍍敷膜的焊料凸塊的錫或錫合金的鍍敷液,要求著鍍敷膜的厚度均勻性,亦即,成為焊料凸塊的高度的裸晶內(within-die;WID)均勻性。藉由含有以往的上述專利文獻1~3記載的添加劑而成的錫或錫合金的鍍敷液,雖然可改善焊料凸塊的高度均勻性,但隨著近年對於鍍敷膜的品質要求的提高,要求著焊料凸塊的高度均勻性的更加提升。
又,在倒裝晶片安裝(flip chip mounting)中係藉由鍍敷法(plating)來形成設置在基板上的用來連接半導體裝置的凸塊,此情形時在迴焊(reflow)處理後的凸塊內部會有形成被稱為孔隙的空隙之情況,該孔隙會有造成接合不良之虞,故要求著不會形成該孔隙。然而,提升焊料凸塊的高度均勻性、與抑制形成凸塊時的孔隙的產生,兩者為相反的關係,而要求著能解決此雙方之課題的鍍敷液的添加劑。
本發明的目的為提供一種鍍敷液,其可謀求在廣範圍的電流密度範圍內的焊料凸塊的高度均勻性,且可抑制凸塊形成時的孔隙的產生。 [解決課題之手段]
本發明的第一觀點為包含(A)至少包含亞錫鹽的可溶性鹽、(B)選自有機酸及無機酸中的酸或其鹽、(C)添加劑的鍍敷液。其具特徵之點為,前述添加劑包含胺系界面活性劑(C1)與非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)的2種類的界面活性劑,前述胺系界面活性劑(C1)為下述一般式(1)所表示的聚氧乙烯烷基胺(polyoxyethylene alkylamine),前述非離子系界面活性劑(C2或C3)為下述一般式(2)或一般式(3)所表示的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物。
其中式(1)中,x係12~18,y係4~12。
其中式(2)中,m係15~30,n1+n2係40~50。
其中式(3)中,m1+m2係15~30,n係40~50。
本發明的第二觀點為基於第一觀點的發明,且前述添加劑進而包含和前述2種類的界面活性劑(C1、C2及/或C3)為不同的界面活性劑、錯合劑、光澤劑及抗氧化劑中的2種以上的其他添加劑而成鍍敷液。 [發明的效果]
本發明的第一觀點的鍍敷液,在鍍敷時,胺系界面活性劑(C1)及非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)的雙方係抑制了Sn離子的析出,而可於鍍敷對象表面良好地進行鍍敷。僅只胺系界面活性劑(C1)的話,抑制在低電流密度下的Sn離子的析出的效果會過少,於形成焊料凸塊時凸塊的高度會產生偏差。又,僅只非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)的話,在提高電流密度來提升鍍敷速度時,鍍敷對象表面附近的Sn離子會枯竭,而產生鍍敷不良。藉由包含胺系界面活性劑(C1)與非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)的雙方來作為添加劑,可互補雙方的界面活性劑的缺點,即使是提高鍍敷速度並在廣範圍的電流密度範圍內亦可謀求凸塊的高度(WID)均勻性,且抑制了形成凸塊時的孔隙的產生。
本發明的第二觀點的鍍敷液,藉由進而包含和2種類的界面活性劑(C1、C2及/或C3)為不同的界面活性劑、錯合劑、光澤劑及抗氧化劑中的2種以上的其他添加劑,而得到以下的效果。和2種類的界面活性劑(C1、C2及/或C3)為不同的界面活性劑,可得到鍍敷液的安定化、溶解性的提升等的效果。又,若鍍敷液包含銀等的貴金屬之情形時,錯合劑可使貴金屬離子等在浴中安定化之同時,可使析出的合金組成呈均勻化。光澤劑可賦予鍍敷皮膜光澤。更,抗氧化劑可防止可溶性亞錫鹽氧化成為正錫鹽。
[實施發明之最佳形態]
接著說明實施本發明之最佳形態。
本發明的鍍敷液為錫或錫合金的鍍敷液,包含(A)至少包含亞錫鹽的可溶性鹽、(B)選自有機酸及無機酸中的酸或其鹽、(C)添加劑。該添加劑包含胺系界面活性劑(C1)與非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)的2種類的界面活性劑,胺系界面活性劑(C1)係上述一般式(1)所表示的聚氧乙烯烷基胺,非離子系界面活性劑(C2或C3)係上述一般式(2)或一般式(3)所表示的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物。上述可溶性鹽係由亞錫鹽、與該亞錫鹽及選自銀、銅、鉍、鎳、銻、銦、鋅所構成群之金屬的鹽的混合物的任1種構成。
本發明的錫合金為錫與選自銀、銅、鉍、鎳、銻、銦、鋅中的指定金屬而成的合金,可舉例如錫-銀合金、錫-銅合金、錫-鉍合金、錫-鎳合金、錫-銻合金、錫-銦合金、錫-鋅合金的二元合金、錫-銅-鉍、錫-銅-銀合金等的三元合金。
因此,本發明的可溶性鹽(A)係意味著在鍍敷液中生成Sn2+
、Ag+
、Cu+
、Cu2+
、Bi3+
、Ni2+
、Sb3+
、In3+
、Zn2+
等的各種金屬離子的任意的可溶性鹽,可舉例如該金屬的氧化物、鹵化物、無機酸或有機酸的該金屬鹽等。
作為金屬氧化物,可舉例氧化亞錫、氧化銅、氧化鎳、氧化鉍、氧化銻、氧化銦、氧化鋅等,作為金屬的鹵化物,可舉例氯化亞錫、氯化鉍、臭化鉍、氯化亞銅、氯化銅、氯化鎳、氯化銻、氯化銦、氯化鋅等。
作為無機酸或有機酸的金屬鹽,可舉例硫酸銅、硫酸亞錫、硫酸鉍、硫酸鎳、硫酸銻、硝酸鉍、硝酸銀、硝酸銅、硝酸銻、硝酸銦、硝酸鎳、硝酸鋅、乙酸銅、乙酸鎳、碳酸鎳、錫酸鈉、氟硼酸亞錫、甲烷磺酸亞錫、甲烷磺酸銀、甲烷磺酸銅、甲烷磺酸鉍、甲烷磺酸鎳、甲烷磺酸銦、二甲烷磺酸鋅、乙烷磺酸亞錫、2-羥基丙烷磺酸鉍等。
本發明的酸或其鹽(B)為選自有機酸及無機酸、或其鹽。上述有機酸中,可舉例烷烴磺酸、烷醇磺酸、芳香族磺酸等的有機磺酸、或脂肪族羧酸等,無機酸中,可舉例氟硼酸、氫矽氟酸、胺基磺酸、鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、過氯酸等。其鹽為鹼金屬的鹽、鹼土類金屬的鹽、銨鹽、胺鹽、磺酸鹽等。就金屬鹽的溶解性或排水處理的容易性之觀點而言,該成分(B)較佳為有機磺酸。
作為上述烷烴磺酸,可使用化學式Cn
H2n+1
SO3
H(例如,n=1~5,較佳為1~3)所表示者,具體而言除了甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、1-丙烷磺酸、2-丙烷磺酸、1-丁烷磺酸、2-丁烷磺酸、戊烷磺酸等以外,可舉例己烷磺酸、癸烷磺酸、十二烷磺酸等。
作為上述烷醇磺酸,可使用化學式 Cp
H2p+1
-CH(OH)-Cq
H2q
-SO3
H(例如,p=0~6、q=1~5)所表示者,具體而言除了2-羥基乙烷-1-磺酸、2-羥基丙烷-1-磺酸、2-羥基丁烷-1-磺酸、2-羥基戊烷-1-磺酸等以外,可舉例1-羥基丙烷-2-磺酸、3-羥基丙烷-1-磺酸、4-羥基丁烷-1-磺酸、2-羥基己烷-1-磺酸、2-羥基癸烷-1-磺酸、2-羥基十二烷-1-磺酸等。
上述芳香族磺酸,基本而言為苯磺酸、烷基苯磺酸、苯酚磺酸、萘磺酸、烷基萘磺酸等,具體可舉出1-萘磺酸、2-萘磺酸、甲苯磺酸、二甲苯磺酸、p-苯酚磺酸、甲酚磺酸、磺基水楊酸、硝基苯磺酸、磺基苯甲酸、二苯基胺-4-磺酸等。
作為上述脂肪族羧酸,可舉例如乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、檸檬酸、酒石酸、葡糖酸、磺基琥珀酸、三氟乙酸等。
本發明的添加劑(C)中所包含的胺系界面活性劑(C1)為下述一般式(1)所表示的聚氧乙烯烷基胺。
其中式(1)中,x係12~18,y係4~12。
本發明的添加劑(C)中所包含的非離子系界面活性劑(C2或C3)為下述一般式(2)或一般式(3)所表示的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物。
其中式(2)中,m係15~30,n1+n2係40~50。
其中式(3)中,m1+m2係15~30,n係40~50。
本發明的鍍敷液中,較佳為進而包含上述以外的其他界面活性劑、錯合劑、光澤劑及抗氧化劑中的2種以上來作為其他添加劑。
作為此時的其他界面活性劑,可舉例通常的陰離子系界面活性劑、陽離子系界面活性劑、非離子系界面活性劑及兩性界面活性劑。
作為陰離子系界面活性劑,可舉例聚氧乙烯(環氧乙烷:含有12莫耳)壬基醚硫酸鈉等的聚氧化烯烷基醚硫酸鹽、聚氧乙烯(環氧乙烷:含有12莫耳)十二烷基苯基醚硫酸鈉等的聚氧化烯烷基苯基醚硫酸鹽、十二烷基苯磺酸鈉等的烷基苯磺酸鹽、1-萘酚-4-磺酸鈉、2-萘酚-3,6-二磺酸二鈉等的萘酚磺酸鹽、二異丙基萘磺酸鈉、二丁基萘磺酸鈉等的(聚)烷基萘磺酸鹽、十二烷基硫酸鈉、油烯基硫酸鈉等的烷基硫酸鹽等。
作為陽離子系界面活性劑,可舉例單-三烷基胺鹽、二甲基二烷基銨鹽、三甲基烷基銨鹽、十二烷基三甲基銨鹽、十六烷基三甲基銨鹽、十八烷基三甲基銨鹽、十二烷基二甲基銨鹽、十八烯基二甲基乙基銨鹽、十二烷基二甲基苄基銨鹽、十六烷基二甲基苄基銨鹽、十八烷基二甲基苄基銨鹽、三甲基苄基銨鹽、三乙基苄基銨鹽、十六烷基吡啶鎓鹽、十二烷基吡啶鎓鹽、十二烷基甲基吡啶鎓鹽、十二烷基咪唑啉鎓鹽、油烯基咪唑啉鎓鹽、十八烷基胺乙酸鹽、十二烷基胺乙酸鹽等。
作為非離子系界面活性劑,可舉例糖酯、脂肪酸酯、C1
~C25
烷氧基磷酸(鹽)、去水山梨醇酯、矽系聚氧乙烯醚、矽系聚氧乙烯酯、氟系聚氧乙烯醚、氟系聚氧乙烯酯、環氧乙烷及/或環氧丙烷與烷基胺或二胺的縮合生成物的硫酸化或是磺化加成物等。
作為兩性界面活性劑,可舉例甜菜鹼、羧基甜菜鹼、咪唑啉鎓甜菜鹼、磺基甜菜鹼、胺基羧酸等。
上述錯合劑係使用於在包含銀等的貴金屬的鍍敷液中,使貴金屬離子等在浴中安定化之同時,使析出的合金組成呈均勻化。作為錯合劑,可舉出羥基羧酸、多元羧酸、一元羧酸等。具體而言可舉例葡萄糖酸、檸檬酸、葡萄庚酸、葡萄糖酸內酯、葡萄庚酸內酯(glucoheptolactone)、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、抗壞血酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸、二乙醇酸(diglycolic acid)、硫乙醇酸、硫二乙醇酸、硫乙醇、硫二乙醇、巰基琥珀酸、3,6-二硫雜-1,8-辛二醇、3,6,9-三硫雜癸烷-1,11-二磺酸、硫雙(十二乙二醇)、二(6-甲基苯并噻唑基)二硫三磺酸、二(6-氯苯并噻唑基)二硫二磺酸、葡萄糖酸、檸檬酸、葡萄庚酸、葡萄糖酸內酯、葡萄庚酸內酯、二硫二苯胺、二吡啶基二硫醚、巰基琥珀酸、亞硫酸鹽、硫代硫酸鹽、乙二胺、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、氮基三乙酸(NTA)、亞胺基二乙酸(IDA)、亞胺基二丙酸(IDP)、羥基乙基乙二胺三乙酸(HEDTA)、三乙烯四胺六乙酸(TTHA)、乙烯二氧雙(乙基胺)-N,N,N’,N’-四乙酸、甘胺酸類、氮基三甲基膦酸、或該等之鹽等。又,有硫脲類等的含硫化合物、參(3-羥基丙基)膦等的磷化合物。又,作為導電性鹽,可舉例硫酸、鹽酸、磷酸、胺基磺酸、磺酸的鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽、銨鹽、胺鹽等。
上述光澤劑係使用於賦予鍍敷皮膜光澤。作為光澤劑,可舉例苯甲醛、o-氯苯甲醛、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醛、m-氯苯甲醛、p-硝基苯甲醛、p-羥基苯甲醛、糠醛、1-萘甲醛、2-萘甲醛、2-羥基-1-萘甲醛、3-苊萘、亞苄基丙酮、吡啶亞基丙酮、糠基亞基丙酮、肉桂醛、茴香醛、水楊醛、巴豆醛、丙烯醛、戊二醛、三聚乙醛、香草醛等的各種醛;三嗪、咪唑、吲哚、喹啉、2-乙烯基吡啶、苯胺、菲繞啉、2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲繞啉(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)、2-吡啶甲酸、硫脲類、N-(3-羥基亞丁基)-p-胺基苯磺酸、N-亞丁基胺基苯磺酸、N-亞肉桂醯胺基苯磺酸、2,4-二胺基-6-(2’-甲基咪唑基(1’))乙基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-(2’-乙基-4-甲基咪唑基(1’))乙基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二胺基-6-(2’-十一烷基咪唑基(1’))乙基-1,3,5-三嗪、水楊酸苯酯;或苯并噻唑、2-巰基苯并噻唑、2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-胺基苯并噻唑、2-胺基-6-甲氧基苯并噻唑、2-甲基-5-氯苯并噻唑、2-羥基苯并噻唑、2-胺基-6-甲基苯并噻唑、2-氯苯并噻唑、2,5-二甲基苯并噻唑、5-羥基-2-甲基苯并噻唑等的苯并噻唑類等。
上述抗氧化劑係使用於防止可溶性亞錫鹽氧化成為正錫鹽。作為抗氧化劑,以次亞磷酸類為首,可舉例抗壞血酸或其鹽、苯酚磺酸(Na)、甲酚磺酸(Na)、對苯二酚磺酸(Na)、對苯二酚、α或β-萘酚、鄰苯二酚、間苯二酚、間苯三酚、肼、苯酚磺酸、鄰苯二酚磺酸、羥基苯磺酸、萘酚磺酸、或該等的鹽等。
本發明的胺系界面活性劑(C1),在鍍敷液中的含有量為1~10g/L,較佳為3~5g/L。若含有量少於合適範圍時,則Sn離子的抑制效果為弱。又,若過多時,則抑制在低電流密度下的Sn離子的析出的效果會更少,凸塊高度有變得不均勻之虞。
本發明的非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3),在鍍敷液中的含有量為1~10g/L,較佳為1~5g/L。若含有量少於合適範圍時,則Sn離子的抑制效果為弱。又,若過多時,則會更助長鍍敷對象表面附近的Sn離子的枯竭,會有產生樹枝狀結晶(dendrite)等的鍍敷不良之虞。若含有非離子系界面活性劑(C2)與非離子系界面活性劑(C3)的雙方時,只要將非離子系界面活性劑(C2)與非離子系界面活性劑(C3)的合計含有量設為上述範圍內即可。在鍍敷液中,將胺系界面活性劑(C1)及非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)的雙方的界面活性劑合計後的含有量為1~10g/L,較佳為1~5g/L。
又,上述指定的可溶性金屬鹽(A)可單獨使用,或合併使用,在鍍敷液中的含有量為30~100g/L,較佳為40~60g/L。若含有量少於合適範圍時,則生產性會下降,若含有量過多時,鍍敷液的成本會上昇。
無機酸、有機酸或其鹽(B)可單獨使用,或合併使用,在鍍敷液中的含有量為80~300g/L,較佳為100~200g/L。若含有量少於合適範圍時,導電率會降低而電壓會上昇,若含有量過多時,鍍敷液的黏度會上昇而鍍敷液的攪拌速度會降低。
尚,上述(A)~(C)的各成分的添加濃度,可因應滾鍍、掛鍍、高速連續鍍敷、無機架鍍敷、凸塊鍍敷等的鍍敷方式來任意調整、選擇。
另一方面,本發明的電鍍敷液的液溫,一般為70℃以下,較佳為10~40℃。以電鍍敷來形成鍍敷膜時的電流密度為0.1A/dm2
以上100A/dm2
以下的範圍,較佳為0.5A/dm2
以上20A/dm2
以下的範圍。若電流密度過低時,則生產性會惡化,過高時,則凸塊的高度均勻性會惡化。
將本發明的包含胺系界面活性劑(C1)與非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)的雙方來作為添加劑而成的錫或錫合金的鍍敷液適用於被鍍敷物的電子元件,可於電子元件形成指定的金屬皮膜。作為電子元件,可舉出印刷基板、撓性印刷基板、膜載體、半導體積體電路、電阻、電容器、濾波器、電感器、熱敏電阻、晶體振子、開關及導線等。又,亦可如晶圓之凸塊等般地於電子元件之一部份使用本發明的鍍敷液來形成皮膜。 [實施例]
接下來將本發明的實施例與比較例一併進行詳細說明。
(於實施例及比較例中使用的胺系界面活性劑(C1)、非離子系界面活性劑(C2或C3)) 於實施例1-1~1~15、實施例2-1~2-12、比較例1-1~1-11、比較例2-1~2-13中使用的胺系界面活性劑(C1)的聚氧乙烯烷基胺(C1-1~C1-11)的各構造式,如表1所表示。
於實施例1-1~1~15、實施例2-1~2-12、比較例1-1~1-11、比較例2-1~2-13中使用的非離子系界面活性劑(C2或C3)的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物,如前述以一般式(2)或一般式(3)所表示。一般式(2)所表示的上述縮合物的構造式(C2-1~C2-10)中的m、n1+n2及分子量,如表2所表示。又,一般式(3)所表示的上述縮合物的構造式(C3-1~C3-10)中的m1+m2、n及分子量,如表3所表示。式(2)及式(3)中,m係表示氧化乙烯(EO)基的數目,n係表示氧化丙烯(PO)基的數目。
(Sn鍍敷液的建浴) <實施例1-1> 於甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液中混合作為游離酸的甲烷磺酸、與作為抗氧化劑的鄰苯二酚,使其成為均勻溶液後,進一步加入作為界面活性劑的上述No.C1-3的聚氧乙烯烷基胺(質量平均分子量:800)與上述No.C2-4的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物(質量平均分子量:3100,聚烯化氧(polyalkylene oxide)基的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)=15:40)。最後添加離子交換水,來建浴下述組成的Sn鍍敷液。尚,甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液係藉由將金屬Sn板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的。
(Sn鍍敷液的組成) 甲烷磺酸Sn(作為Sn2+
):80g/L 甲烷磺酸(作為游離酸):150g/L 鄰苯二酚:1g/L 胺系界面活性劑C1-3:5g/L 非離子系界面活性劑C2-4:5g/L 離子交換水:其餘部分
<實施例1-6~1-10、實施例2-1、2-2、2-5~2-8、2-11、2-12、比較例1-2、1-3、1-5、1-6、1-9~1-11、比較例2-1、2-3~2-5、2-7、2-9~2-11、2-13> 實施例1-6~1-10、實施例2-1、2-2、2-5~2-8、2-11、2-12、比較例1-2、1-3、1-5、1-6、1-9~1-11、比較例2-1、2-3~2-5、2-7、2-9~2-11、2-13,作為胺系界面活性劑(C1)及非離子系界面活性劑(C2或C3)係使用如表1~表3中所示性狀的界面活性劑。除此之外與實施例1相同地進行,來建浴上述實施例及上述比較例的Sn鍍敷液。尚,比較例1-11係未使用胺系界面活性劑(C1)。比較例2-13係未使用非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3)。
(SnAg鍍敷液的建浴) <實施例1-2> 於甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液中混合作為游離酸的甲烷磺酸、作為抗氧化劑的鄰苯二酚、作為錯合劑的硫脲、與作為光澤劑的苯甲醛並使其溶解後,進一步加入甲烷磺酸Ag液進行混合。以混合成為均勻溶液後,進一步加入作為界面活性劑的上述No.C1-4的聚氧乙烯烷基胺(質量平均分子量:1300)與上述C2-4的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物(質量平均分子量:3100,聚烯化氧基的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)=15:40)。最後添加離子交換水,來建浴下述組成的SnAg鍍敷液。尚,甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液係藉由將金屬Sn板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的,甲烷磺酸Ag水溶液係藉由將金屬Ag板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的。
(SnAg鍍敷液的組成) 甲烷磺酸Sn(作為Sn2+
):80g/L 甲烷磺酸Ag(作為Ag+
):1.0g/L 甲烷磺酸(作為游離酸):150g/L 鄰苯二酚:1g/L 硫脲:2g/L 苯甲醛:0.01g/L 胺系界面活性劑C1-4:3g/L 非離子系界面活性劑C2-4:4g/L 離子交換水:其餘部分
<實施例1-4、1-11、1-13、1-15、實施例2-3、2-9、比較例1-1、1-4、1-8、比較例2-6、2-12> 實施例1-4、1-11、1-13、1-15、實施例1-6、2-12、比較例1-1、1-4、1-8、比較例2-6、2-12,作為界面活性劑係使用表1~表3中所示性狀的界面活性劑劑。除此之外與實施例1-2相同地進行,來建浴上述實施例及上述比較例的SnAg鍍敷液。
(SnCu鍍敷液的建浴) <實施例1-3> 於甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液中混合作為游離酸的甲烷磺酸、作為抗氧化劑的鄰苯二酚、與作為錯合劑的硫脲並使其溶解後,進一步加入甲烷磺酸Cu液進行混合。以混合成為均勻溶液後,進一步加入作為界面活性劑的上述No.C1-6的聚氧乙烯烷基胺(質量平均分子量:650)與上述C2-4的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物(質量平均分子量:3100,聚烯化氧基的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)=15:40)。最後添加離子交換水,來建浴下述組成的SnCu鍍敷液。尚,甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液係藉由將金屬Sn板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的,甲烷磺酸Cu水溶液係藉由將金屬Cu板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的。
(SnCu鍍敷液的組成) 甲烷磺酸Sn(作為Sn2+
):80g/L 甲烷磺酸Cu(作為Cu2+
):0.5g/L 甲烷磺酸(作為游離酸):150g/L 鄰苯二酚:1g/L 硫脲:2g/L 胺系界面活性劑C1-6:3g/L 非離子系界面活性劑C2-4:3g/L 離子交換水:其餘部分
<實施例1-5、1-12、1-14、實施例2-4、2-10、比較例1-7、比較例2-2、2-8> 實施例1-5、1-12、1-14、實施例2-4、2-10、比較例1-7、比較例2-2、2-8,作為界面活性劑係使用表1~表3中所示性狀的界面活性劑。除此之外與實施例1-3相同地進行,來建浴上述實施例及上述比較例的SnCu鍍敷液。
<實施例3-1> 於甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液中混合作為游離酸的甲烷磺酸、與作為抗氧化劑的鄰苯二酚,使其成為均勻溶液後,進一步加入作為界面活性劑的上述No.C1-4的聚氧乙烯烷基胺(質量平均分子量:1300)、上述C2-4的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物(質量平均分子量:3100,聚烯化氧基的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)=15:40)、與上述C3-4的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物(質量平均分子量:3100,聚烯化氧基的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)=15:40)。最後添加離子交換水,來建浴下述組成的Sn鍍敷液。尚,甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液係藉由將金屬Sn板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的。
(Sn鍍敷液的組成) 甲烷磺酸Sn(作為Sn2+
):80g/L 甲烷磺酸(作為游離酸):150g/L 鄰苯二酚:1g/L 胺系界面活性劑C1-3:5g/L 非離子系界面活性劑C2-4:3g/L 非離子系界面活性劑C3-4:2g/L 離子交換水:其餘部分
<實施例3-2> 於甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液中混合作為游離酸的甲烷磺酸、作為抗氧化劑的鄰苯二酚、作為錯合劑的硫脲、與作為光澤劑的苯甲醛使其溶解後,進一步加入甲烷磺酸Ag液進行混合。以混合成為均勻溶液後,進一步加入作為界面活性劑的上述No.C1-4的聚氧乙烯烷基胺(質量平均分子量:1300)、上述C2-6的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物(質量平均分子量:3400,聚烯化氧基的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)=20:40)、與上述C3-7的聚氧乙烯與聚氧丙烯的縮合物(質量平均分子量:3800,聚烯化氧基的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)=30:40)。最後添加離子交換水,來建浴下述組成的SnAg鍍敷液。尚,甲烷磺酸Sn水溶液係藉由將金屬Sn板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的,甲烷磺酸Ag水溶液係藉由將金屬Ag板於甲烷磺酸水溶液中進行電解來調製的。
(SnAg鍍敷液的組成) 甲烷磺酸Sn(作為Sn2+
):80g/L 甲烷磺酸Ag(作為Ag+
):1.0g/L 甲烷磺酸(作為游離酸):150g/L 鄰苯二酚:1g/L 硫脲:2g/L 苯甲醛:0.01g/L 胺系界面活性劑C1-4:3g/L 非離子系界面活性劑C2-6:2g/L 非離子系界面活性劑C3-7:2g/L 離子交換水:其餘部分
<比較試驗及評估> 使用實施例1-1~1~15、實施例2-1~2-12、比較例1-1~1-11、比較例2-1~2-13、及實施例3-1~3-2的3種類建浴而成的鍍敷液,形成鍍敷膜(凸塊),評估該鍍敷膜的在裸晶內部(WID)的厚度的均勻性、與迴焊步驟時的孔隙的易產生性。將該結果表示於表4~表6。
(1)在裸晶內部(WID)的鍍敷膜厚的均勻性 藉由濺鍍法在晶圓(8英吋)的表面形成鈦0.1μm、銅0.3μm的導電用晶種層(seed layer),在該晶種層上層合乾膜阻劑(膜厚50μm)。接下來,透過曝光用遮罩對乾膜阻劑進行局部性曝光,之後,進行顯影處理。如此般地,如圖1所示,於晶圓1的表面形成具有直徑90μm的開口部2以a:150μm、b:225μm、c:375μm的不同的間距(pitch)間隔來形成圖型的阻劑層3。
將形成有阻劑層3的晶圓1浸漬於鍍敷裝置(浸漬式混拌攪拌裝置)中,並以鍍敷液的液溫:25℃、電流密度:4ASD、8ASD、12ASD的3個條件,來將分別的阻劑層3的開口部2進行鍍敷。接下來,將晶圓1從鍍敷裝置中取出,洗淨、乾燥後,使用有機溶劑將阻劑層3剝離。如此般操作來製作附凸塊的晶圓,其係於1裸晶(die)內形成直徑90μm的凸塊以150μm、225μm、375μm的不同的間距間隔配列而成的圖型。使用自動外觀檢査裝置來測定該晶圓的凸塊的高度。由所測定的凸塊高度,依據下述式來算出在裸晶內部(WID)的鍍敷膜厚的均勻性。將該結果表示於表1的「WID」欄位中。 WID=(最大高度-最少高度)/(2×平均高度)×100 將下述之情形設定為分別的鍍敷膜厚為均勻的基準:若電流密度為4ASD時的WID為5以下之情形;若電流密度為8ASD時的WID為15以下之情形;若電流密度為12ASD時的WID為20以下之情形。
(2)孔隙的易產生性 將上述(1)中以電流密度為12ASD所製作的附凸塊的晶圓的晶種層進行蝕刻,去除後,使用迴焊裝置加熱至240℃來使凸塊熔融。放冷後,對於以150μm、225μm、375μm的各間距間隔配列的凸塊(共2000個)進行穿透式X射線影像之攝影。以目視觀察所攝影的圖像,將孔隙的大小對凸塊之大小為1%以上且可發現如此般的孔隙為1個以上之情形,設定為「NG」;將未發現孔隙之情形,設定為「OK」。將該結果表示於表4~表6的「孔隙」欄位中。
由表1及表4可明確得知般,比較例1-1、比較例1-6的胺系界面活性劑(C1-1)的式(1)的y為2,因為不在4~12的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例1-2、比較例1-7的胺系界面活性劑(C1-5)的式(1)的y為40,因為不在4~12的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
比較例1-3、比較例1-8的胺系界面活性劑(C1-7)的式(1)的y為40,因為不在4~12的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
比較例1-4、比較例1-9的胺系界面活性劑(C1-8)的式(1)的y為2,因為不在4~12的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例1-5、比較例1-10的胺系界面活性劑(C1-11)的式(1)的y為40,因為不在4~12的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。又,比較例1-5雖然未發現孔隙,但比較例1-10亦產生了孔隙。
比較例1-11,因為界面活性劑僅只非離子系界面活性劑(C3-5)而已,雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙、且在4ASD與8ASD的電流密度中的WID為符合基準而鍍敷膜厚為均勻,但在12ASD的電流密度時WID卻超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。亦即,非離子系界面活性劑(C2或C3)雖然具有抑制鍍敷的高度偏差所需的抑制效果,但單質時的促進Sn離子的供給的效果為低,故在成為高電流密度時會產生Sn離子的枯竭,而使得WID惡化。
由表2及表5可明確得知般,比較例2-1的非離子系界面活性劑(C2-1)的式(2)的EO基的m為10,並不在15~30的範圍內,又,PO基的n1+n2為30,並不在40~50的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例2-2的非離子系界面活性劑(C2-2)的式(2)的PO基的n1+n2為40,雖然在40~50的範圍內,但EO基的m為10,並不在15~30的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例2-3的非離子系界面活性劑(C2-3)的式(2)的EO基的m為15,雖然在15~30的範圍內,但PO基的n1+n2為30,並不在40~50的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例2-4的非離子系界面活性劑(C2-8)的式(2)的PO基的n1+n2為50,雖然在40~50的範圍內,但EO基的m為40,並不在15~30的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
比較例2-5的非離子系界面活性劑(C2-9)的式(2)的EO基的m為30,雖然在15~30的範圍內,但PO基的n1+n2為60,並不在40~50的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
比較例2-6的非離子系界面活性劑(C2-10)的式(2)的EO基的m為50,並不在15~30的範圍內,又,PO基的n1+n2為60,並不在40~50的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
由表3及表5可明確得知般,比較例2-7的非離子系界面活性劑(C3-1)的式(3)的EO基的m1+m2為10,並不在15~30的範圍內,又,PO基的n為30,並不在40~50的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例2-8的非離子系界面活性劑(C3-2)的式(3)的PO基的n為40,雖然在40~50的範圍內,但EO基的m1+m2為10,並不在15~30的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例2-9的非離子系界面活性劑(C3-3)的式(3)的EO基的m1+m2為15,雖然在15~30的範圍內,但PO基的n為30,並不在40~50的範圍內,故雖然凸塊中未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。
比較例2-10的非離子系界面活性劑(C3-8)的式(3)的PO基的n為50,雖然在40~50的範圍內,但EO基的m1+m2為40,並不在15~30的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
比較例2-11的非離子系界面活性劑(C3-9)的式(3)的EO基的m1+m2為30,雖然在15~30的範圍內,但PO基的n為60,並不在40~50的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
比較例2-12的非離子系界面活性劑(C3-10)的式(3)的EO基的m1+m2為50,並不在15~30的範圍內,又,PO基的n為60,並不在40~50的範圍內,故在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。進而,亦產生了孔隙。
比較例2-13的界面活性劑僅只胺系界面活性劑(C1-4)而已,雖然未發現孔隙,但在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為超出基準,鍍敷膜厚為不均勻。亦即,胺系界面活性劑(C1)雖然具有促進Sn離子的供給的效果,但單質時無法得到抑制鍍敷的高度偏差所需的抑制效果,而WID為高。
相較於此,由表4~表6可明確得知般,實施例1-1~1~15、實施例2-1~2-12及實施例3-1~3-2的胺系界面活性劑(C1-3)、(C1-4)、(C1-6)、(C1-9)、(C1-10)的式(1)的x為在12~18的範圍內,y為在4~12的範圍內,且非離子系界面活性劑(C2-4)、(C2-2)、(C2-5)、(C2-6)、(C2-7)、(C3-4)、(C3-5)、(C3-6)、(C3-7)的EO基:PO基(莫耳比)的m:n1+n2或m1+m2:n為在15~30:40~50的範圍內,因此,凸塊中未發現孔隙,又,在橫跨從4ASD起至12ASD為止的電流密度範圍內的WID為在基準內,鍍敷膜厚為均勻。亦即,藉由適當地組合胺系界面活性劑(C1)與非離子系界面活性劑(C2及/或C3),可得到在4~12ASD的廣範圍的電流密度內為良好的WID、及無孔隙的凸塊。 [產業利用性]
本發明的鍍敷液可使用於印刷基板、撓性印刷基板、膜載體、半導體積體電路、電阻、電容器、濾波器、電感器、熱敏電阻、晶體振子、開關、導線等的電子元件、及如晶圓的凸塊等般的電子元件之一部份。
1‧‧‧晶圓2‧‧‧開口部3‧‧‧阻劑層a‧‧‧間距間隔:150μmb‧‧‧間距間隔:225μmc‧‧‧間距間隔:375μm
[圖1]具有實施例所製作的阻劑層的晶圓平面圖。
Claims (2)
- 如請求項1之鍍敷液,其中,前述添加劑進而包含和前述2種類的界面活性劑(C1、C2及/或C3)為不同的界面活性劑、錯合劑、光澤劑及抗氧化劑中的2種以上的其他添加劑。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017061175 | 2017-03-27 | ||
JP2017-061175 | 2017-03-27 | ||
JP2018-031865 | 2018-02-26 | ||
JP2018031865A JP7015975B2 (ja) | 2017-03-27 | 2018-02-26 | 錫又は錫合金めっき液 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201843354A TW201843354A (zh) | 2018-12-16 |
TWI742262B true TWI742262B (zh) | 2021-10-11 |
Family
ID=63677014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW107109953A TWI742262B (zh) | 2017-03-27 | 2018-03-23 | 鍍敷液 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN110462108B (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI742262B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018180192A1 (zh) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005290505A (ja) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-20 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 鉛−スズ合金ハンダめっき液 |
TW201226635A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-07-01 | Rohm & Haas Elect Mat | Tin plating solution |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5952237B2 (ja) * | 1981-10-14 | 1984-12-18 | キザイ株式会社 | 錫−亜鉛合金めつき浴 |
JPS61175A (ja) | 1984-06-06 | 1986-01-06 | 大倉工業株式会社 | 放射線照射により滅菌してなる医療器具のブリスタ−包装体 |
JPS61117298A (ja) * | 1984-11-12 | 1986-06-04 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 表面処理方法 |
JPS63161188A (ja) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-07-04 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | リフロ−半田めつき材の製造法 |
US6099713A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 2000-08-08 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Tin-silver alloy electroplating bath and tin-silver alloy electroplating process |
JP3627484B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-03 | 2005-03-09 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴、およびそれを用いた電気メッキ方法 |
JP2003342778A (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-03 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | スズめっき浴、及び電子部品のめっき方法、並びに電子部品 |
JP4850595B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-19 | 2012-01-11 | 株式会社Adeka | 電解銅メッキ浴及び電解銅メッキ方法 |
JP5461124B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-16 | 2014-04-02 | 三菱伸銅株式会社 | 高電流密度Snめっき用硫酸浴 |
JP5412612B2 (ja) | 2011-08-22 | 2014-02-12 | 石原ケミカル株式会社 | スズ及びスズ合金メッキ浴、当該浴により電着皮膜を形成した電子部品 |
US20150122662A1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-07 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
JP2015193916A (ja) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-11-05 | 上村工業株式会社 | 錫または錫合金の電気めっき浴、およびバンプの製造方法 |
JP2017061175A (ja) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | 日本精機株式会社 | 車両用表示装置 |
JP6833401B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 | 2021-02-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光走査装置及びそれを備える画像形成装置 |
-
2018
- 2018-03-02 WO PCT/JP2018/007997 patent/WO2018180192A1/ja unknown
- 2018-03-02 CN CN201880021384.1A patent/CN110462108B/zh active Active
- 2018-03-23 TW TW107109953A patent/TWI742262B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005290505A (ja) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-20 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 鉛−スズ合金ハンダめっき液 |
TW201226635A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-07-01 | Rohm & Haas Elect Mat | Tin plating solution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201843354A (zh) | 2018-12-16 |
CN110462108A (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
WO2018180192A1 (ja) | 2018-10-04 |
CN110462108B (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20150267310A1 (en) | Tin or tin alloy electroplating bath and process for producing bumps using same | |
JP3871013B2 (ja) | 錫−銅合金電気めっき浴及びそれを使用するめっき方法 | |
JP7015975B2 (ja) | 錫又は錫合金めっき液 | |
TWI694178B (zh) | 使用銨鹽之鍍敷液 | |
KR102221567B1 (ko) | 주석 또는 주석 합금 도금액 | |
EP3770305A1 (en) | Tin or tin-alloy plating liquid, bump forming method, and circuit board production method | |
JP2017179515A (ja) | めっき液 | |
TWI689629B (zh) | 使用鏻鹽之鍍敷液 | |
TWI742262B (zh) | 鍍敷液 | |
KR102629674B1 (ko) | 주석 합금 도금액 | |
TWI694177B (zh) | 使用鹽之鍍敷液 | |
WO2022080191A1 (ja) | 錫又は錫合金めっき液及びそのめっき液を用いたバンプの形成方法 | |
WO2016152983A1 (ja) | ホスホニウム塩を用いためっき液 | |
WO2016152997A1 (ja) | スルホニウム塩を用いためっき液 | |
WO2016152986A1 (ja) | アンモニウム塩を用いためっき液 | |
JP2011184745A (ja) | 無電解錫めっき液 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |