TWI723452B - 生物體電極組成物、生物體電極、以及生物體電極之製造方法 - Google Patents
生物體電極組成物、生物體電極、以及生物體電極之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI723452B TWI723452B TW108124036A TW108124036A TWI723452B TW I723452 B TWI723452 B TW I723452B TW 108124036 A TW108124036 A TW 108124036A TW 108124036 A TW108124036 A TW 108124036A TW I723452 B TWI723452 B TW I723452B
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Images
Classifications
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
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- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
- A61B5/259—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes using conductive adhesive means, e.g. gels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
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- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
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Abstract
Description
本發明關於接觸生物體之皮膚並能藉由來自皮膚之電訊號而檢測心跳數等身體狀態的生物體電極、及其製造方法、及適合使用於生物體電極的生物體電極組成物。
近年,隨著IoT(物聯網(Internet of Things))之普及,穿戴式器件之開發已有進展。能連接到網際網路的鐘錶、眼鏡為其代表例。又,在醫療領域、運動領域方面亦需要能隨時監控身體狀態的穿戴式器件,係為今後的成長領域。
在醫療領域方面,例如,已有人研究例如藉由電訊號而感知心臟的跳動的心電圖測定那樣藉由感應微弱的電流而監控身體臟器之狀態的穿戴式器件。心電圖之測定,係將塗有導電糊劑的電極裝設於身體而進行測定,但此係為僅1次之短時間之測定。相對於此,如上述醫療用之穿戴式器件之開發係以連續數週隨時監控健康狀態的器件之開發為目標。亦即,對於醫療用穿戴式器件中使用的生物體電極要求長時間使用時也不會有導電性之變化、不會皮膚過敏。此外,也要求輕量、能以低成本製造。
醫療用穿戴式器件有貼附於身體的類型、與導入於衣服的類型,作為貼附於身體的類型,有人提案使用係為上述導電糊劑之材料的含有水與電解質的水溶性凝膠的生物體電極(專利文獻1)。水溶性凝膠,係在保持水的水溶性聚合物中含有作為電解質之鈉、鉀、鈣,將來自皮膚的離子濃度的變化變換為電。另一方面,作為導入於衣服的類型,有人提案將如PEDOT-PSS(聚-3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩-聚苯乙烯磺酸鹽(Poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-Polystyrenesulfonate))的導電性聚合物、銀糊劑導入於纖維而得之布使用於電極之方法(專利文獻2)。
但是,使用上述含有水與電解質的水溶性凝膠時,有若經乾燥而水消失時則導電性消失之問題。另一方面,使用銅等游離傾向高之金屬時,因人而異會有引起皮膚過敏的風險,使用如PEDOT-PSS的導電性聚合物時,也有因導電性聚合物之酸性強而有引起皮膚過敏之風險之問題、洗衣時導電聚合物從纖維剝落的問題。
也有人探討使用有優良的導電性的金屬奈米線、碳黑、及奈米碳管等作為電極材料(專利文獻3、4、5)。金屬奈米線因為線彼此的接觸機率增高,能以少添加量即通電。但是金屬奈米線是前端尖細的材料,故會成為皮膚過敏發生的原因。如此,有時其本身不會引起過敏反應,但會因材料之形狀、刺激性而導致生物體適合性惡化,難以兼顧導電性與生物體適合性。
金屬膜因為導電性非常高,據認為可作為優異之生物體電極作用,但並非一定如此。由於心臓鼓動而從皮膚放出的並非微弱電流,而是鈉、鉀、鈣離子。所以,需將離子的濃度變化變換成電流,不易離子化的貴金屬將來自皮膚的離子變換為電流的效率不佳。因此使用了貴金屬的生物體電極的阻抗高,和皮膚間的通電係高電阻。
另一方面,有人研究添加了離子性液體的(專利文獻6)。離子性液體的熱、化學安定性高,有導電性優異的特徵,在電池用途的應用廣。但是,如專利文獻6所示之分子量小的離子性液體,會溶於水,故若使用添加其的生物體電極,離子性液體會因為來自皮膚的汗而被萃取,不只導電性降低,還是滲透皮膚而造成皮膚粗糙的原因。
又,也有人研究使用了聚合物型磺醯亞胺之鋰鹽的電池(非專利文獻1)。但是鋰因離子移動性高,雖應用在電池,但非有生物體適合性的材料。而且,也有人研究於聚矽氧懸吊的氟磺酸的鋰鹽(非專利文獻2)。
生物體電極若離開皮膚則無法獲得來自身體的資訊。而且即使僅是接觸面積變化,也會於通電的電量出現變動,造成心電圖(電訊號)的基線變動。因此為了從身體獲得安定的電訊號,生物體電極需一直接觸皮膚,此接觸面積也不變化。所以生物體電極宜有黏接性較佳。又,也需要能夠追隨皮膚之伸縮、彎曲變化的伸縮性、可撓性。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]國際公開第WO2013-039151號小冊
[專利文獻2]日本特開2015-100673號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開平5-095924號公報
[專利文獻4]日本特開2003-225217號公報
[專利文獻5]日本特開2015-019806號公報
[專利文獻6]日本特表2004-527902號公報
[非專利文獻]
[非專利文獻1]J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, p10038-10069
[非專利文獻2]J. of the Electrochemical Society, 150(8) A1090-A1094 (2003)
(發明欲解決之課題)
本發明係為了解決上述問題而生,目的在於提供能形成導電性及生物體適合性優異,輕量且能以低成本製造,即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍不致導電性大幅下降的生物體電極用之生物體接觸層之生物體電極組成物、以該生物體電極組成物形成了生物體接觸層之生物體電極、及該生物體電極之製造方法。
(解決課題之方式)
為了解決上述課題,本發明提供一種生物體電極組成物,含有鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷,前述N-羰基磺醯胺鹽以下列通式(1)表示。
[化1]
式中,R1
為碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之伸烷基,也可以有芳香族基、醚基、酯基、或為碳數6~10之伸芳基。Rf為碳數1~4之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之烷基,具有至少1個以上之氟原子。M+
係選自鋰離子、鈉離子、鉀離子、銀離子之離子。
若為如本發明之生物體電極組成物,則會成為可形成導電性及生物體適合性優異,輕量且能以低成本製造,即使被水沾溼、即使乾燥仍不致導電性大幅下降的生物體電極用之生物體接觸層之生物體電極組成物。
若為有如此的重複單元a者,則會成為可形成導電性及生物體適合性更優異、輕量且能以低成本製造,即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍導電性不大幅下降的生物體電極用之生物體接觸層的生物體電極組成物。
又,本發明之生物體電極組成物,宜含有作為(A)成分之前述鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷、及作為(B)成分之黏著性樹脂較佳。
若為有如此的(A)成分及(B)成分者,則(B)成分會與(A)成分互溶而防止鹽之溶出,而且更可展現黏著性。
於此情形,前述(B)成分宜選自聚矽氧樹脂、(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂、胺甲酸酯樹脂中之1種以上較佳。
若有如此的(B)成分,則更能防止(A)成分從生物體電極組成物溶出,且使黏著力更增大。
又,就前述(B)成分而言,宜為含有具烯基之二有機矽氧烷、及有SiH基之有機氫聚矽氧烷較佳。
若有如此的(B)成分,可更防止(A)成分從生物體電極組成物溶出,使黏著力更增大。
於此情形,就前述(B)成分而言,宜更含有具Rx
SiO(4-x)/2
單元(R係碳數1~10之經取代或非取代之一價烴基,x為2.5~3.5之範圍。)及SiO2
單元之聚矽氧樹脂較佳。
藉此,更能防止(A)成分從生物體電極組成物溶出,使黏著力更增大。
又,本發明之生物體電極組成物中,宜更含有作為(C)成分之碳粉及/或金屬粉較佳。
若為如此,則生物體電極組成物之硬化物會成為導電性優異者。
於此情形,作為(C)成分之前述碳粉宜為碳黑及奈米碳管中之任一者或兩者較佳。
若為如此者,則導電性更優異。
又,作為(C)成分之前述金屬粉,宜為選自金、銀、鉑、銅、錫、鈦、鎳、鋁、鎢、鉬、釕、鉻、銦中之金屬粉較佳,前述金屬粉為銀粉更佳。
若為如此的(C)成分,則本發明之生物體電極組成物之導電性可更高。尤其若為銀粉,則在導電性、價格、生物體適合性方面亦為優良。
前述生物體電極組成物宜更含有作為(D)成分之有機溶劑較佳。
若為如此,則生物體電極組成物之塗佈性更為良好。
又,本發明提供一種生物體電極,具有導電性基材及形成在該導電性基材上之生物體接觸層,前述生物體接觸層係上述本發明之生物體電極組成物之硬化物。
若為本發明之生物體電極,則可藉由上述鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷(N-羰基磺醯胺鹽倍半矽氧烷)而兼顧導電性及生物體適合性,因也有黏著性故和皮膚的接觸面積固定,能安定地也高感度獲得來自皮膚的電訊號。
於此情形,前述導電性基材宜含有選自金、銀、氯化銀、鉑、鋁、鎂、錫、鎢、鐵、銅、鎳、不銹鋼、鉻、鈦、碳、及導電性聚合物中之1種以上較佳。
本發明之生物體電極特別適合使用如此的導電性基材。
又,本發明提供一種生物體電極之製造方法,係具有導電性基材及形成在該導電性基材上之生物體接觸層之生物體電極之製造方法,係在前述導電性基材上塗佈上述本發明之生物體電極組成物並使其硬化,以形成前述生物體接觸層。
若為本發明之生物體電極之製造方法,則能夠輕易地製造導電性及生物體適合性優異、輕量且能夠以低成本製造,即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍導電性不大幅下降的生物體電極。
於此情形,前述導電性基材宜使用含有選自金、銀、氯化銀、鉑、鋁、鎂、錫、鎢、鐵、銅、鎳、不銹鋼、鉻、鈦、碳、及導電性聚合物中之1種以上者較佳。
本發明之生物體電極之製造方法特別適合使用如此的導電性基材。
本發明提供下列通式(3)表示之烷氧基矽烷化合物。
[化3]
式中,R1
為碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之伸烷基,也可以有芳香族基、醚基、酯基,或為碳數6~10之伸芳基。R2
~R4
為氫原子、碳數1~4之直鏈狀、分支狀之烷基。Rf為碳數1~4之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之烷基,具有至少1個以上之氟原子。M+
係選自鋰離子、鈉離子、鉀離子、銀離子之離子。
若為如此的烷氧基矽烷化合物,則作為用以合成構成本發明之生物體電極組成物之鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷之前驅物有用。
又,本發明提供一種重量平均分子量600~1000000之範圍之倍半矽氧烷,其特徵為具有下列通式(2)表示之重複單元。
[化4]
式中,R1
為碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之伸烷基,也可以有芳香族基、醚基、酯基,或為碳數6~10之伸芳基。Rf為碳數1~4之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之烷基,具有至少1個以上之氟原子。M+
為選自鋰離子、鈉離子、鉀離子、銀離子之離子。
如上,若為如此的倍半矽氧烷,就可以形成能將來自皮膚的電訊號以良好效率傳遞到器件(亦即導電性優異)、長期間裝設在皮膚仍無引起過敏之虞(亦即生物體適合性優異)、即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍不致導電性大幅下降的生物體接觸層的生物體電極組成物特別有用。
(發明之效果)
如上,若為本發明之生物體電極組成物,會成為可以形成能將來自皮膚的電訊號以良好效率傳遞到器件(亦即導電性優異)、長期間裝設在皮膚仍無引起過敏之虞(亦即生物體適合性優異)、輕量、能以低成本製造,即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍不致導電性大幅下降的生物體接觸層的生物體電極組成物。又,藉由添加導電性粉末(碳粉、金屬粉),能夠使導電性更好,藉由與有黏接性與伸縮性之樹脂組合,能製造黏接力高且伸縮性高的生物體電極。再者,藉由添加劑等能使對於皮膚的伸縮性、黏著性更好,藉由適當調節樹脂之組成、生物體接觸層之厚度,也能調整伸縮性、黏著性。
又,若為本發明之生物體電極,能利用上述磺醯胺鹽倍半矽氧烷來兼顧導電性及生物體適合性,也有黏著性,故和皮膚的接觸面積固定,能穩定地以高感度獲得來自皮膚的電訊號。
又,若為本發明之生物體電極之製造方法,則能夠以低成本輕易地製造導電性及生物體適合性優異、輕量、即使被水沾濕即使乾燥而導電性仍不會大幅下降的本發明之生物體電極。
如上述,尋求開發能形成導電性及生物體適合性優異、輕量、且能以低成本製造、即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍不致導電性大幅下降的生物體電極用之生物體接觸層的生物體電極組成物、以該生物體電極組成物形成了生物體接觸層之生物體電極、及其製造方法。
和心臟的鼓動連動而從皮膚表面放出鈉、鉀、鈣離子時,生物體電極需將從皮膚放出的此等離子的增減變換為電訊號。所以為了構成生物體電極,需要用以傳遞離子增減之離子導電性優異之材料。
本案發明人等著眼在作為高離子導電性材料之離子性液體。離子性液體的熱的、化學的安定性高,有導電性優異的特徵,在電池用途的應用廣。又,就離子性液體而言,已知有鋶鹽、鏻鹽、銨鹽、啉鎓鹽、吡啶鎓鹽、吡咯啶鎓鹽、咪唑之鹽酸鹽、溴化氫鹽、碘化氫鹽、三氟甲磺酸鹽、九氟丁烷磺酸鹽、雙(三氟甲烷磺醯基)醯亞胺酸鹽、六氟磷酸鹽、四氟硼酸鹽等。但是一般而言,該等鹽(尤其是分子量小者)的水合性高,故添加了該等鹽的生物體電極組成物所形成之生物體接觸層之生物體電極,會因汗、洗衣而萃取出鹽,有導電性降低的缺點。又,四氟硼酸鹽的毒性高,其他鹽則是水溶性高,故容易滲透到皮膚中,有導致皮膚粗糙(亦即對皮膚的刺激性強)的問題。
若形成中和鹽的酸的酸性度高,則離子會強力極化,離子導電性提高。就鋰離子電池而言,雙(三氟甲烷磺醯基)醯亞胺酸、參(三氟甲烷磺醯基)甲基化酸之鋰鹽顯示高離子導電性即此原故。另一方面,酸強度越高則其鹽有生物體刺激性越強的問題。亦即離子導電性與生物體刺激性處在取捨的關係。但是生物體電極中適用的鹽,必需兼顧高離子導電特性與低生物體刺激性。
鹽化合物的分子量越大、越是立體的高次結構,則對皮膚的滲透性降低,對皮膚的刺激性降低。因此,鍵結於倍半矽氧烷(SSQ)之鹽化合物,分子量大,為3維結構,係理想的。本案發明人等思及合成鍵結於離子性之磺醯胺基之鹽的倍半矽氧烷化合物。
又,本案發明人等思及藉由使用將此鹽混合在例如聚矽氧系、丙烯酸系、胺甲酸乙酯系之黏著劑(樹脂)者,能總是密合於皮膚且長時間獲得安定的電訊號。
本案發明人等針對上述課題努力研究,結果發現為了要構成高感度的生物體電極,有時僅是高離子導電性尚有不足,也需要高電子導電性。為了提高電子導電性,添加碳、金屬粒子係有效果。藉此,發現到能作為低阻抗且高感度的生物體電極作用,乃完成本發明。
亦即本發明係一種生物體電極組成物,含有鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷,前述N-羰基磺醯胺鹽以下列通式(1)表示。
[化5]
式中,R1
為碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之伸烷基,也可以有芳香族基、醚基、酯基,或為碳數6~10之伸芳基。Rf為碳數1~4之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之烷基,具有至少1個以上之氟原子。M+
係選自鋰離子、鈉離子、鉀離子、銀離子之離子。
以下針對本發明詳細說明,但本發明不限於此等。
<生物體電極組成物>
本發明之生物體電極組成物,必要條件為含有鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷(SSQ)且前述N-羰基磺醯胺鹽以上述通式(1)表示。前述生物體電極組成物,也可以含有(A)鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷化合物、及黏著性樹脂。前述生物體電極組成物也可以更含有導電性粉末(碳粉、金屬粉),且也可更含有有機溶劑等。
以下針對各成分更詳細說明。又,以下,前述鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷也稱為「(A)成分」、黏著性樹脂也稱為「(B)成分」、導電性粉末也稱為「(C)成分」、有機溶劑等添加劑也稱為「(D)成分」。
[(A)成分]
本發明之生物體電極組成物中,含有作為(A)離子性材料(鹽)之(A)成分(鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷)。前述生物體電極組成物中,作為導電性材料而摻合之離子性材料(鹽),係和下列通式(1)表示之N-羰基磺醯胺之鋰鹽、鈉鹽、鉀鹽、銀鹽鍵結成的倍半矽氧烷化合物。又,以下中,鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷也稱為「N-羰基磺醯胺鹽倍半矽氧烷」、或「N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ」。
[化6]
式中,R1
為碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之伸烷基,也可以有芳香族基、醚基、酯基,或為碳數6~10之伸芳基。Rf為碳數1~4之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之烷基,有至少1個以上之氟原子。M+
係選自鋰離子、鈉離子、鉀離子、銀離子之離子。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽倍半矽氧烷宜有下列通式(2)表示之重複單元a較佳。
[化7]
式中,R1
為碳數1~20之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之伸烷基,也可以有芳香族基、醚基、酯基,或為碳數6~10之伸芳基。Rf為碳數1~4之直鏈狀、分支狀、環狀之烷基,有至少1個以上之氟原子。M+
為選自鋰離子、鈉離子、鉀離子、銀離子之離子。
就上述通式(2)表示之重複單元a而言,具體而言可列舉下列者。
在此,M+
如上所述。
(重複單元b)
本發明之生物體電極組成物之(A)成分,除了上述a之重複單元,為了使導電性更好,可更含有由有乙二醇二甲醚(glyme)鏈之倍半矽氧烷構成的重複單元b。重複單元b具體而言可以列舉如下。
(重複單元c)
本發明之生物體電極組成物之(A)成分,除了上述重複單元a、b,為了使和(B)成分之黏著性樹脂之混合性更好,可以具有由具氫原子、烷基、芳基之倍半矽氧烷構成之重複單元、及/或係Q單元之重複單元c。烷基、芳基也可以有羥基、鹵素原子、酯基、醚基、羧基、硫醇基、(甲基)丙烯酸基、氰基、硝基、內酯環。重複單元c具體而言可例示如下。
(重複單元d)
本發明之生物體電極組成物之(A)成分中,除了上述a、b、c之重複單元,也可以藉由和矽以外之烷氧基金屬共縮合而導入有金屬-氧鍵之重複單元d。矽以外之烷氧基金屬可以列舉硼、鋁、鎵、釔、鍺、鈦、鉿、錫、砷、銻、鈮、鉭、鉍、磷、釩、鋯。該等烷氧基金屬類具體而言記載在日本特開2010-262230號中之段落0061~0078。
作為合成(A)成分之有重複單元a(a單元)之聚倍半矽氧烷之方法之一,有利用成為前驅物之三烷氧基矽烷之縮合反應的方法。成為此前驅物之單體之合成方法,可藉由使有雙鍵之N-羰基磺醯胺鹽、與有Si-H基之三烷氧基矽烷化合物於鉑觸媒存在下進行氫矽基化反應而得。
又,有乙二醇二甲醚(glyme)鏈之重複單元b(b單元),可藉由使有雙鍵與醚基之化合物、及有Si-H基之三烷氧基矽烷化合物於鉑觸媒存在下進行氫矽基化反應而獲得。a單元與b單元可於聚倍半矽氧烷1分子內皆具有,也可以將分別有a單元之倍半矽氧烷與有醚基之倍半矽氧烷化合物進行摻混。a、b、c、d單元之共聚合比率為0<a<1.0、0≦b<1.0、0≦c<1.0、0≦d<1.0,較佳為0.1≦a<1.0、0≦b≦0.9.0、0≦c<0.9、0≦d<0.9。
針對前述三烷氧基矽烷之縮合方法,宜使用例如日本特開2010-262230號中之段落0079~0099記載的方法較佳。又,當更導入d單元時亦可使用上述方法。
(A)成分之有重複單元a(a單元)之聚倍半矽氧烷,可藉由前述前驅物(三烷氧基矽烷)之縮合反應合成。具體而言,例如:藉由將有雙鍵之N-羰基磺醯胺鹽、視需要之有雙鍵之醚化合物、及有SiH基之三烷氧基矽烷化合物、及鉑觸媒混合並加熱,使氫矽基化反應進行,合成N-羰基磺醯胺鹽三烷氧基矽烷化合物(前驅物),然後將此前驅物化合物因應必要和烷氧基矽烷類、矽以外之烷氧基金屬進行縮合反應,可藉此合成聚倍半矽氧烷。
聚倍半矽氧烷宜為分子量600以上1000000以下之高分子化合物。如此,N-羰基磺醯胺鹽懸吊在高分子之倍半矽氧烷,鹽化合物之分子量增大,可成為立體上的高次結構。一般而言鹽化合物的分子量越大,及越採高次結構(3維結構),則對皮膚的滲透性越降低,對皮膚的刺激性越低,所以若為如此的高分子化合物,可更防止通過皮膚而引起過敏。
如以上,能夠合成有上述通式(2)表示之重複單元之重量平均分子量600~1000000之倍半矽氧烷(N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ)。前述倍半矽氧烷,適合作為在本發明之生物體電極組成物中摻合作為導電性材料之離子性材料(鹽)。
本發明之生物體電極組成物中,(A)成分之摻合量相對於(B)成分100質量份為0.1~300質量份較佳,1~200質量份更佳。又,(A)成分可單獨使用1種也可混用2種以上。
[(B)成分]
本發明之生物體電極組成物中,除了(A)成分可更含有黏著性樹脂作為(B)成分。生物體電極組成物中摻合之(B)成分,係會和上述(A)離子性倍半矽氧烷材料(N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ)互溶而防止鹽溶出,固持碳粉、金屬粉等導電性增進劑,並使黏著性展現之成分,係由黏著性樹脂構成。又,(B)成分只要是上述(A)成分以外之樹脂即可,為熱硬化性樹脂及光硬化性樹脂中之任一者,或該等兩者較佳,尤其為選自聚矽氧樹脂(聚矽氧系樹脂)、(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂(丙烯酸系樹脂)、及胺甲酸酯樹脂(胺甲酸乙酯系樹脂)中之1種以上之樹脂較佳。
黏著性之聚矽氧系樹脂可列舉加成反應硬化型或自由基交聯反應硬化型者。加成反應硬化型,例如:可使用含有日本特開2015-193803號公報記載之有烯基之二有機矽氧烷、有R3
SiO0.5
及SiO2
單元之MQ樹脂、有多個SiH基之有機氫聚矽氧烷、鉑觸媒、加成反應控制劑、及有機溶劑者。又,自由基交聯反應硬化型,可以使用含有例如日本特開2015-193803號公報記載之可以有也可以沒有烯基之二有機聚矽氧烷、有R3
SiO0.5
及SiO2
單元之MQ樹脂、有機過氧化物、及有機溶劑者。在此,R為碳數1~10之經取代或非取代之一價之烴基。
又,亦可使用於聚合物末端、側鏈有矽醇之聚矽氧烷與MQ樹脂縮合反應而形成之聚矽氧烷樹脂一體型化合物。MQ樹脂因含有許多矽醇,藉由添加可使黏著力提高,但無交聯性所以不會和聚矽氧烷以分子性鍵結。如上述,藉由使聚矽氧烷與樹脂成為一體型,能夠使黏著力增大。
又,聚矽氧系之樹脂中也可以添加具有選自胺基、氧雜環丙烷基、氧雜環丁烷基、聚醚基、羥基、羧基、巰基、甲基丙烯酸基、丙烯酸基、苯酚基、矽醇基、羧酸酐基、芳基、芳烷基、醯胺基、酯基、內酯環中之基之改性矽氧烷。藉由添加改性矽氧烷,(A)成分在聚矽氧樹脂中之分散性提高。改性矽氧烷也可為矽氧烷之單末端、兩末端、側鏈中任一者經改性者。
(A)成分之聚倍半矽氧烷中藉由具有Q單元,僅前述(A)成分即能和MQ樹脂同樣使黏著性更好。藉此添加(A)成分之聚倍半矽氧烷,即使不添加前述MQ樹脂也能夠確保黏著性。
黏著性之丙烯酸系樹脂,可使用例如日本特開2016-011338號公報記載之具有親水性(甲基)丙烯酸酯、長鏈疏水性(甲基)丙烯酸酯作為重複單元者。視情形,也可以將有官能基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯、有矽氧烷鍵之(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行=共聚合。
黏著性之胺甲酸乙酯系樹脂,可使用例如日本特開2016-065238號公報記載之具胺甲酸酯鍵、及聚醚、聚酯鍵、聚碳酸酯鍵、矽氧烷鍵者。
又,為了防止由於(A)成分從生物體接觸層溶出而導致導電性降低,本發明之生物體電極組成物中,(B)成分宜為和上述(A)成分之相容性高者較佳。又,為了防止生物體接觸層從導電性基材剝離,本發明之生物體電極組成物中,(B)成分宜為對導電性基材之黏接性高者較佳。為了使樹脂為和導電性基材、鹽之相容性高,使用高極性之樹脂係有效。如此的樹脂可以列舉具有選自醚鍵、酯鍵、醯胺鍵、醯亞胺鍵、胺甲酸酯鍵、硫胺甲酸酯鍵、及硫醇基中之1個以上之樹脂,例如:聚丙烯酸樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚胺甲酸酯樹脂、及聚硫胺甲酸酯樹脂等。又,另一方面,生物體接觸層因為接觸生物體,容易受到來自生物體之汗之影響。因此本發明之生物體電極組成物中,(B)成分宜為撥水性高、不易水解者較佳。為了使樹脂為撥水性高、不易水解者,使用含矽之樹脂係有效。
作為含有矽原子之聚丙烯酸樹脂,有主鏈具聚矽氧之聚合物及側鏈有矽原子之聚合物,皆可適當使用。就主鏈具聚矽氧之聚合物而言,可以使用有(甲基)丙烯酸基丙基之矽氧烷或倍半矽氧烷等。於此情形,藉由添加光自由基發生劑,可以使(甲基)丙烯酸基部分聚合而硬化。
含有矽原子之聚醯胺樹脂,可適當地使用例如日本特開2011-079946號公報、美國專利5981680號公報記載之聚醯胺聚矽氧樹脂等。如此的聚醯胺聚矽氧樹脂,可將例如兩末端有胺基之聚矽氧或兩末端有胺基之非聚矽氧化合物、與兩末端有羧基之非聚矽氧或兩末端有羧基之聚矽氧予以組合而合成。
又,也可以使用羧酸酐與胺反應而獲得之環化前之聚醯胺酸。聚醯胺酸之羧基之交聯可以使用環氧系、氧雜環丁烷系之交聯劑,也可以進行羧基與(甲基)丙烯酸羥基乙酯之酯化反應,並進行(甲基)丙烯酸酯部分之光自由基交聯。
可以適當地使用含有矽原子之聚醯亞胺樹脂,例如日本特開2002-332305號公報記載之聚醯亞胺聚矽氧樹脂等。聚醯亞胺樹脂的黏性非常高,但是藉由將(甲基)丙烯酸系單體作為溶劑且交聯劑而摻合,能夠成為低黏性。
作為含有矽原子之聚胺甲酸酯樹脂,可列舉聚胺甲酸酯聚矽氧樹脂,如此的聚胺甲酸酯聚矽氧樹脂,可藉由將兩末端有異氰酸酯基之化合物與末端有羥基之化合物予以摻混而加熱,以進行利用胺甲酸酯鍵所為之交聯而進行。又,於此情形,兩末端有異氰酸酯基之化合物、或末端有羥基之化合物中之任一者或兩者需含有矽原子(矽氧烷鍵)。或也可如日本特開2005-320418號公報記載,於聚矽氧烷中摻混胺甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體並使其光交聯。又,也可以使有矽氧烷鍵與胺甲酸酯鍵兩者且末端有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基之聚合物進行光交聯。
含有矽原子之聚硫胺甲酸酯樹脂,可藉由使有硫醇基之化合物與有異氰酸酯基之化合物反應而得,該等中任一者含有矽原子即可。又,末端有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基的話,則也可進行光硬化。
聚矽氧系之樹脂中,除了添加上述有烯基之二有機矽氧烷、有R3
SiO0.5
及SiO2
單元之MQ樹脂、有多數SiH基之有機氫聚矽氧烷,也可以添加具有選自胺基、氧雜環丙烷基、氧雜環丁烷基、聚醚基、羥基、羧基、巰基、甲基丙烯酸基、丙烯酸基、苯酚基、矽醇基、羧酸酐基、芳基、芳烷基、醯胺基、酯基、內酯環中之基之改性矽氧烷而提高和上述鹽之相容性。
又,如後述,生物體接觸層係生物體電極組成物之硬化物。藉由使其硬化,生物體接觸層對皮膚與導電性基材兩者之黏接性變得良好。又,就硬化方式而言不特別限定,可使用一般的方式,例如可使用利用熱及光中任一者、或其兩者、或利用酸或鹼觸媒所為之交聯反應等。針對交聯反應,可以適當選擇例如:交聯反應手冊 中山雍晴 丸善出版(2013年)第二章p51~p371記載的方法來進行。
有烯基之二有機矽氧烷、與有多數SiH基之有機氫聚矽氧烷,可藉由利用鉑觸媒所為之加成反應使其交聯。
就鉑觸媒而言,可列舉氯化鉑酸、氯化鉑酸之醇溶液、氯化鉑酸與醇之反應產物、氯化鉑酸與烯烴化合物之反應產物、氯化鉑酸與含乙烯基之矽氧烷之反應產物、鉑-烯烴錯合物、鉑-含乙烯基之矽氧烷錯合物等鉑系觸媒、銠錯合物及釕錯合物等鉑族金屬系觸媒等。又,可使用該等觸媒溶解、分散於醇系、烴系、矽氧烷系溶劑者。
又,鉑觸媒之添加量相對於樹脂100質量份為5~2,000ppm,尤其為10~500ppm之範圍較佳。
又,使用加成硬化型之聚矽氧樹脂時,也可以添加加成反應控制劑。此加成反應控制劑,係為了作為使鉑觸媒於溶液中及塗膜形成後之加熱硬化前之低溫環境下不作用之淬滅劑而添加者。具體而言,3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-醇、3-甲基-1-戊-炔-3-醇、3,5-二甲基-1-己炔-3-醇、1-乙炔基環己醇、3-甲基-3-三甲基矽氧基-1-丁炔、3-甲基-3-三甲基矽氧基-1-戊炔、3,5-二甲基-3-三甲基矽氧基-1-己炔、1-乙炔基-1-三甲基矽氧基環己烷、雙(2,2-二甲基-3-丁炔氧)二甲基矽烷、1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基環四矽氧烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二乙烯基二矽氧烷等。
加成反應控制劑之添加量相對於樹脂100質量份為0~10質量份,尤其0.05~3質量份之範圍較佳。
作為進行光硬化之方法,可列舉使用有(甲基)丙烯酸酯末端、烯烴末端之樹脂、末端成為(甲基)丙烯酸酯、烯烴、硫醇基之交聯劑,並同時添加因光而產生自由基之光自由基發生劑之方法、使用有氧雜環丙烷基、氧雜環丁烷基、乙烯醚基之樹脂、交聯劑,並添加因光而產生酸之光酸產生劑之方法。
就光自由基發生劑而言,可列舉苯乙酮、4,4’-二甲氧基苄基、苄基、苯偶因、二苯基酮、2-苯甲醯基苯甲酸、4,4’-雙(二甲胺基)二苯基酮、4,4’-雙(二乙胺基)二苯基酮、苯偶因甲醚、苯偶因乙醚、苯偶因異丙醚、苯偶因丁醚、苯偶因異丁醚、4-苯甲醯基苯甲酸、2,2’-雙(2-氯苯基)-4,4’,5,5’-四苯基-1,2’-聯咪唑、2-苯甲醯基苯甲酸甲酯、2-(1,3-苯并間二氧雜環戊烯-5-基)-4,6-雙(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三、2-苄基-2-(二甲胺基)-4’-啉代苯丁酮、4,4’-二氯二苯基酮、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、2,4-二乙基硫𠮿-9-酮、二苯基(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)氧化膦(BAPO)、1,4-二苯甲醯基苯、2-乙基蒽醌、1-羥基環己基苯基酮、2-羥基-2-甲基苯丙酮、2-羥基-4’-(2-羥基乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮、2-異亞硝基苯丙酮、2-苯基-2-(對甲苯磺醯氧基)苯乙酮。
也可藉由添加熱分解型之自由基發生劑而使其硬化。就熱自由基發生劑而言,可以列舉2,2’-偶氮雙(異丁腈)、2,2’-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮雙(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2’-偶氮雙(甲基丙脒)鹽酸、2,2’-偶氮雙[2-(2-咪唑啉啶-2-基)丙烷]鹽酸、2,2’-偶氮雙(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮雙(環己烷-1-甲腈)、1[(1-氰基-1-甲基乙基)偶氮]甲醯胺、2,2’-偶氮雙[2-甲基-N-(2-羥基乙基)丙醯胺]、2,2’-偶氮雙[N-(2-丙烯基)-2-甲基丙醯胺]、2,2’-偶氮雙(正丁基-2-甲基丙醯胺)、二甲基-2,2’-偶氮雙(異丁酸酯)、4,4’-偶氮雙(4-氰基戊酸)、二甲基-2,2’-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙酸酯)、過氧化苯甲醯、第三丁基過氧化氫、異丙苯過氧化氫、二第三丁基過氧化物、二第三戊基過氧化物、二正丁基過氧化物、二異丙苯基過氧化物等。
就光酸產生劑而言,可列舉鋶鹽、錪鹽、磺醯基重氮甲烷、N-磺醯氧基醯亞胺、肟-O-磺酸酯型酸產生劑等。光酸產生劑之具體例,例如:日本特開2008-111103號公報之段落[0122]~[0142]、日本特開2009-080474號公報記載者。
又,自由基發生劑、光酸產生劑之添加量相對於樹脂100質量份為0.1~50質量份之範圍較佳。
該等之中,就(B)成分之樹脂而言,宜為含有具烯基之二有機矽氧烷與有SiH基之有機氫聚矽氧烷更佳,含有具Rx
SiO(4-x)/2
單元(R為碳數1~10之經取代或非取代之一價烴基,x為2.5~3.5之範圍。)及SiO2
單元之聚矽氧樹脂尤佳。
[(C)成分]
本發明之生物體電極組成物中,也可以更含有作為(C)成分之導電性粉末。導電性粉末只要是有導電性之粉末即可,無特殊限制,宜為碳粉(碳材料)、金屬粉較佳。本發明之生物體電極組成物中,含有(A)成分(鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷)作為離子性材料(鹽),但藉由更添加如此的導電性粉末(碳粉、金屬粉),能使導電性更好。又,以下,導電性粉末也稱為「導電性增進劑」。
[碳粉]
也可以添加碳材料(碳粉)作為導電性增進劑。碳材料可以列舉碳黑、奈米碳管、碳纖維等。奈米碳管可為單層、多層中任一者,表面經有機基修飾亦無妨。碳材料之添加量相對於樹脂100質量份為1~50質量份之範圍較佳。
[金屬粉]
本發明之生物體電極組成物中,為了提高電子導電性,宜添加選自金、銀、鉑、銅、錫、鈦、鎳、鋁、鎢、鉬、釕、鉻、銦之金屬粉作為(C)成分較佳。金屬粉之添加量相對於樹脂100質量份為1~50質量份之範圍較佳。
就金屬粉之種類而言,考量導電性之觀點,金、銀、鉑較理想,考量價格之觀點,銀、銅、錫、鈦、鎳、鋁、鎢、鉬、釕、鉻為較佳。考量生物體適合性之觀點,貴金屬較理想,該等觀點綜合來說,銀最理想。
就金屬粉之形狀而言,可列舉球狀、圓盤狀、屑片狀、針狀,但添加屑片狀之粉末時之導電性最高而理想。金屬粉之尺寸為100μm以下,振實密度為5g/cm3
以下、比表面積為0.5m2
/g以上之密度較低且比表面積較大之屑片為較佳。也可以添加金屬粉與碳材料(碳粉)兩者作為導電性增進劑。
[(D)成分]
本發明之生物體電極組成物中,視需要可以更含有作為(D)成分之添加劑。添加劑只要是上述(A)至(C)成分以外者則不特別限定,可以列舉黏著性賦予劑等能夠使前述生物體電極組成物之硬化物之伸縮性、黏著性更好的成分、自由基發生劑、鉑觸媒等促進硬化反應之成分、有機溶劑等使生物體電極組成物之操作容易之成分等。以下針對(D)成分詳細說明。
[黏著性賦予劑]
本發明之生物體電極組成物中,為了賦予對生物體之黏著性,也可添加黏著性賦予劑。如此的黏著性賦予劑,例如:聚矽氧樹脂、非交聯性之矽氧烷、非交聯性之聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、非交聯性之聚醚等。本發明之生物體電極組成物中,視需要可含有黏著性樹脂作為(B)成分,但藉由添加如此的黏著性賦予劑亦能使對生物體之黏著性更理想。
[有機溶劑]
又,本發明之生物體電極組成物中可添加有機溶劑。有機溶劑具體而言可列舉甲苯、二甲苯、異丙苯、1,2,3-三甲基苯、1,2,4-三甲基苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯、苯乙烯、α甲基苯乙烯、丁基苯、第二丁基苯、異丁基苯、異丙基甲苯(cymene)、二乙基苯、2-乙基對二甲苯、2-丙基甲苯、3-丙基甲苯、4-丙基甲苯、1,2,3,5-四甲基甲苯、1,2,4,5-四甲基甲苯、四氫萘、4-苯基-1-丁烯、第三戊基苯、戊基苯、2-第三丁基甲苯、3-第三丁基甲苯、4-第三丁基甲苯、5-異丙基間二甲苯、3-甲基乙基苯、第三丁基-3-乙基苯、4-第三丁基鄰二甲苯、5-第三丁基間二甲苯、第三丁基對二甲苯、1,2-二異丙基苯、1,3-二異丙基苯、1,4-二異丙基苯、二丙基苯、五甲基苯、六甲基苯、己基苯、1,3,5-三乙基苯等芳香族系烴系溶劑、正庚烷、異庚烷、3-甲基己烷、2,3-二甲基戊烷、3-乙基戊烷、1,6-庚二烯、5-甲基-1-己炔、降莰烷、降莰烯、二環戊二烯、1-甲基-1,4-環己二烯、1-庚炔、2-庚炔、環庚烷、環庚烯、1,3-二甲基環戊烷、乙基環戊烷、甲基環己烷、1-甲基-1-環己烯、3-甲基-1-環己烯、亞甲基環己烷、4-甲基-1-環己烯、2-甲基-1-己烯、2-甲基-2-己烯、1-庚烯、2-庚烯、3-庚烯、n-辛烷、2,2-二甲基己烷、2,3-二甲基己烷、2,4-二甲基己烷、2,5-二甲基己烷、3,3-二甲基己烷、3,4-二甲基己烷、3-乙基-2-甲基戊烷、3-乙基-3-甲基戊烷、2-甲基庚烷、3-甲基庚烷、4-甲基庚烷、2,2,3-三甲基戊烷、2,2,4-三甲基戊烷、環辛烷、環辛烯、1,2-二甲基環己烷、1,3-二甲基環己烷、1,4-二甲基環己烷、乙基環己烷、乙烯基環己烷、異丙基環戊烷、2,2-二甲基-3-己烯、2,4-二甲基-1-己烯、2,5-二甲基-1-己烯、2,5-二甲基-2-己烯、3,3-二甲基-1-己烯、3,4-二甲基-1-己烯、4,4-二甲基-1-己烯、2-乙基-1-己烯、2-甲基-1-庚烯、1-辛烯、2-辛烯、3-辛烯、4-辛烯、1,7-辛二烯、1-辛炔、2-辛炔、3-辛炔、4-辛炔、n-壬烷、2,3-二甲基庚烷、2,4-二甲基庚烷、2,5-二甲基庚烷、3,3-二甲基庚烷、3,4-二甲基庚烷、3,5-二甲基庚烷、4-乙基庚烷、2-甲基辛烷、3-甲基辛烷、4-甲基辛烷、2,2,4,4-四甲基戊烷、2,2,4-三甲基己烷、2,2,5-三甲基己烷、2,2-二甲基-3-庚烯、2,3-二甲基-3-庚烯、2,4-二甲基-1-庚烯、2,6-二甲基-1-庚烯、2,6-二甲基-3-庚烯、3,5-二甲基-3-庚烯、2,4,4-三甲基-1-己烯、3,5,5-三甲基-1-己烯、1-乙基-2-甲基環己烷、1-乙基-3-甲基環己烷、1-乙基-4-甲基環己烷、丙基環己烷、異丙基環己烷、1,1,3-三甲基環己烷、1,1,4-三甲基環己烷、1,2,3-三甲基環己烷、1,2,4-三甲基環己烷、1,3,5-三甲基環己烷、烯丙基環己烷、八氫茚(hydrindane)、1,8-壬二烯、1-壬炔、2-壬炔、3-壬炔、4-壬炔、1-壬烯、2-壬烯、3-壬烯、4-壬烯、正癸烷、3,3-二甲基辛烷、3,5-二甲基辛烷、4,4-二甲基辛烷、3-乙基-3-甲基庚烷、2-甲基壬烷、3-甲基壬烷、4-甲基壬烷、第三丁基環己烷、丁基環己烷、異丁基環己烷、4-異丙基-1-甲基環己烷、戊基環戊烷、1,1,3,5-四甲基環己烷、環十二烷、1-癸烯、2-癸烯、3-癸烯、4-癸烯、5-癸烯、1,9-癸二烯、十氫萘、1-癸炔、2-癸炔、3-癸炔、4-癸炔、5-癸炔、1,5,9-癸三烯、2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯、檸檬烯、香葉烯(myrcene)、1,2,3,4,5-五甲基環戊二烯、α-水芹烯(phellandrene)、蒎烯、萜品烯、四氫二環戊二烯、5,6-二氫二環戊二烯、1,4-癸二炔、1,5-癸二炔、1,9-癸二炔、2,8-癸二炔、4,6-癸二炔、正十一烷、戊基環己烷、1-十一烯、1,10-十一烷二烯、1-十一炔、3-十一炔、5-十一炔、三環[6.2.1.02,7
]烷-4-烯、n-十二烷、2-甲基十一烷、3-甲基十一烷、4-甲基十一烷、5-甲基十一烷、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷、1,3-二甲基金剛烷、1-乙基金剛烷、1,5,9-環十二烷三烯、1,2,4-三乙烯基環己烷、異烷烴等脂肪族烴系溶劑、環己酮、環戊酮、2-辛酮、2-壬酮、2-庚酮、3-庚酮、4-庚酮、2-己酮、3-己酮、二異丁基酮、甲基環己酮、甲基正戊基酮等酮系溶劑、3-甲氧基丁醇、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、1-乙氧基-2-丙醇等醇系溶劑、丙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇單乙醚、丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二異丙醚、二異丁醚、二異戊醚、二正戊醚、甲基環戊醚、甲基環己醚、二正丁醚、二第二丁醚、二第二戊醚、二第三戊醚、二正己醚、苯甲醚等醚系溶劑、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、乳酸乙酯、丙酮酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸第三丁酯、丙酸第三丁酯、丙二醇單第三丁醚乙酸酯等酯系溶劑、γ-丁內酯等內酯系溶劑等。
又,有機溶劑之添加量宜相對於樹脂100質量份為10~50,000質量份之範圍較佳。本發明之生物體電極組成物若更含有有機溶劑作為(D)成分,則生物體電極組成物之塗佈性更良好。
如上,若為本發明之生物體電極組成物,會成為可以形成能將來自皮膚的電訊號以良好效率傳遞到器件(亦即導電性優異)、即使長期間裝設在皮膚仍無引起過敏之虞(亦即生物體適合性優異)、能形成輕量且能以低成本製造的生物體電極用之生物體接觸層的生物體電極。而且,藉由添加導電性粉末(碳粉、金屬粉)能使導電性更好,藉由和有黏著性及伸縮性之樹脂組合,能製造尤其高黏著力且高伸縮性之生物體電極。藉由添加劑等能更使對皮膚的伸縮性、黏著性更好,藉由適當調節樹脂之組成、生物體接觸層之厚度。也能調整伸縮性、黏著性。
<生物體電極>
又,本發明提供一種生物體電極,具有導電性基材及形成在該導電性基材上之生物體接觸層,前述生物體接觸層係上述本發明之生物體電極組成物之硬化物。
以下針對本發明之生物體電極,一面參考圖式一面詳細說明,但本發明不限於此等。
圖1顯示本發明之生物體電極之一例之概略剖面圖。圖1之生物體電極1具有導電性基材2及形成在該導電性基材2上之生物體接觸層3。生物體接觸層3係由本發明之生物體電極組成物之硬化物構成。構成生物體接觸層3之離子性倍半矽氧烷(SSQ)材料4包括前述N-羰基磺醯胺鹽倍半矽氧烷之硬化物。生物體接觸層3可更含有前述離子性SSQ材料4以外之樹脂6、導電性粉末(金屬粉5a、碳粉5b;以下也總稱「導電性粉末5」)。以下圖參照1、2針對生物體接觸層3係離子性聚矽氧材料4與導電性粉末5分散於樹脂6中而得之層的情形說明,本發明之生物體電極不限於此態樣。又,圖中之5b為奈米碳管。
使用如此的圖1的生物體電極1時,如圖2,使生物體接觸層3(亦即離子性SSQ材料4與導電性粉末5分散在樹脂6中而成的層)接觸生物體7,利用離子性SSQ材料4與導電性粉末5從生物體7取得電訊號,將其經由導電性基材2傳導到感測器器件等(不圖示)。如此,若為本發明之生物體電極,能利用上述離子性SSQ材料兼顧導電性及生物體適合性,也有黏接性,故和皮膚之接觸面積固定,能夠安定地以高感度獲得來自皮膚的電訊號。
以下針對本發明之生物體電極之各構成材料更詳細說明。
[導電性基材]
本發明之生物體電極有導電性基材。此導電性基材,通常和感測器器件等電氣連接,使從生物體經由生物體接觸層取出的電訊號傳導到感測器器件等。
導電性基材只要是有導電性者即不特別限定,例如含有選自金、銀、氯化銀、鉑、鋁、鎂、錫、鎢、鐵、銅、鎳、不銹鋼、鉻、鈦、碳及導電聚合物中之1種以上較佳。
又,導電性基材不特別限定,可以為硬質的導電性基板等,也可為將有可撓性之導電性薄膜、導電性糊劑塗覆在表面而成的布料、混入了導電性聚合物的布料。導電性基材可為平坦、有凹凸、織有金屬線的網狀,可因應生物體電極的用途等適當選擇。
[生物體接觸層]
本發明之生物體電極,具有形成在導電性基材上的生物體接觸層。此生物體接觸層,係使用生物體電極時實際接觸生物體的部分,具有導電性及黏接性。生物體接觸層,係上述本發明之生物體電極組成物之硬化物,亦即由含上述(A)成分、視需要之(B)成分、(C)成分、(D)成分之組成物之硬化物構成之黏接性之樹脂層。
又,生物體接觸層之黏接力宜為0.5N/25mm以上20N/25mm以下之範圍較佳。黏接力之測定方法一般採用JIS Z 0237所示之方法,基材可使用如SUS(不銹鋼)之金屬基板、PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)基板,但也可使用人的皮膚進行測定。人皮膚之表面能量比起金屬、各種塑膠低,為接近特氟龍(註冊商標)之低能量,是不易黏接的性質。
生物體電極之生物體接觸層之厚度宜為1μm以上5mm以下較理想,2μm以上3mm以下更理想。生物體接觸層越薄,黏接性越低,但可撓性提高,變輕而順應皮膚的特性變好。可綜合考量黏接性、對於皮膚的觸感來選擇生物體接觸層之厚度。
又,本發明之生物體電極中,和習知之生物體電極(例如:日本特開2004-033468號公報記載之生物體電極)同樣,為了防止使用時生物體電極從生物體剝落,可在生物體接觸層上另外設置黏接膜。另外設置黏接膜時,可使用丙烯酸型、胺甲酸乙酯型、聚矽氧型等黏接膜材料來形成黏接膜,尤其聚矽氧型因為透氧性高,可直接以貼附著的狀態進行皮膚呼吸,撥水性也高,故因汗導致黏接性下降少,而且對於皮膚之刺激性低,故為理想。又,本發明之生物體電極,藉由在生物體電極組成物中添加黏接性賦予劑、或使用對於生物體之黏接性良好的樹脂,可防止從生物體剝落,故不一定要如上述另外設置黏接膜。
針對使用本發明之生物體電極作為穿戴式器件使用時之生物體電極及感測器器件之配線、其他構件,無特殊限制,例如可採用日本特開2004-033468號公報記載者。
如上,若為本發明之生物體電極,係以上述本發明之生物體電極組成物之硬化物形成生物體接觸層,因此會成為能將來自皮膚的電訊號以良好效率傳給器件(亦即導電性優異)、即使長時間裝設於皮膚仍無引起過敏之虞(亦即生物體適合性優異)、輕量、能以低成本製造、即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍不致導電性大幅下降的生物體電極。又,藉由添加導線性粉能使導電性更好,藉由和有黏接性與伸縮性之樹脂組合,能製造特別黏接力高且伸縮性高之生物體電極。又,藉由添加劑等,能夠使對於皮膚之伸縮性、黏接性更好,藉由適當調整樹脂之組成、生物體接觸層之厚度,能夠調整伸縮性、黏接性。因此若為如此的本發明之生物體電極,特別適合作為醫療用穿戴式器件中使用的生物體電極。
<生物體電極之製造方法>
又,本發明提供一種生物體電極之製造方法,係具有導電性基材及形成在該導電性基材上之生物體接觸層之生物體電極之製造方法,係在前述導電性基材上塗佈上述本發明之生物體電極組成物並使其硬化,以形成前述生物體接觸層。
又,本發明之生物體電極之製造方法使用之導電性基材等,可和在上述說明記載者為同樣。
在導電性基材上塗佈生物體電極組成物的方法不特別限定,例如浸塗、噴塗、旋塗、輥塗、流塗、刮刀塗佈、網版印刷、柔版印刷、照相凹版印刷、噴墨印刷等方法較理想。
樹脂之硬化方法不特別限定,可依生物體電極組成物使用之(A)、(B)成分適當選擇,例如以熱及光中之任一者、或該等兩者使其硬化較佳。又,也可在上述生物體電極組成物中事先添加產酸、鹼的觸媒,藉此發生交聯反應,使其硬化。
又,加熱時之溫度不特別限定,可因應生物體電極組成物使用之(A)、(B)成分適當選擇,例如50~250℃左右較佳。
又,加熱與照光組合時,可以同時加熱及照光,也可於照光後加熱,也可於加熱後照光。又,塗膜後之加熱之前,可為了使溶劑蒸發而進行風乾。
如上,若為本發明之生物體電極之製造方法,則能以低成本輕易製造導電性及生物體適合性優異,輕量,即使被水沾濕、即使乾燥仍不致導電性大幅下降的本發明之生物體電極。
[實施例]
以下舉實施例及比較例對於本發明更具體說明,但本發明不限於下列實施例。又,「Me」代表甲基、「Vi」代表乙烯基。
在甲苯與PGMEA之1:1之混合溶劑中,將有雙鍵之N-羰基磺醯胺鹽、視必要之有雙鍵之醚化合物與有SiH基之三烷氧基矽烷化合物與鉑觸媒混合,於60℃進行2小時加熱,合成鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之N-羰基磺醯胺鹽三烷氧基矽烷化合物。將溶劑乾燥後,利用1
H-NMR確認組成。將此烷氧基矽烷化合物、視需要之烷氧基矽烷類、矽以外之烷氧基金屬進行(共)縮合,獲得N-羰基磺醯胺鹽倍半矽氧烷(以下也稱為「N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ)聚合物。針對此聚合物之重量平均分子量(Mw)及分散度(Mw/Mn),以使用四氫呋喃(THF)作為溶劑之凝膠滲透層析(GPC)確認。以此方式合成之N-羰基磺醯胺鹽三烷氧基矽烷化合物1、N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ1~9,如下所示。
將甲醇200g、純水200g、35%鹽酸1g裝入1L之玻璃燒瓶中,於室溫費時1小時添加0.5莫耳之N-羰基磺醯胺鹽三烷氧基矽烷化合物1、0.5莫耳之四甲氧基矽烷,於室溫攪拌8小時後,添加丙二醇單乙醚(PGEE)300g,於減壓濃縮,獲得含30質量%之N-羰基磺醯胺鹽倍半矽氧烷1之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ1
Mw=4,100
Mw/Mn=4.90
[化17]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ2之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ2
Mw=5,800
Mw/Mn=3.31
[化18]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ3之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ3
Mw=3,100
Mw/Mn=2.97
[化19]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ4之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ4
Mw=3,300
Mw/Mn=3.22
[化20]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ5之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ5
Mw=3,500
Mw/Mn=3.86
[化21]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ6之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ6
Mw=4,800
Mw/Mn=4.30
[化22]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ7之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ7
Mw=3,700
Mw/Mn=3.99
[化23]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類、正丁醇鈦縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ8之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ8
Mw=3,500
Mw/Mn=3.86
[化24]
以和上述同樣的方法將鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之三烷氧基矽烷、烷氧基矽烷類縮合,獲得含有30質量%之下列N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ9之PGEE溶液。
N-羰基磺醯胺鹽SSQ9
Mw=4,500
Mw/Mn=3.44
[化25]
生物體電極組成物溶液中摻合作為聚矽氧系之樹脂之矽氧烷化合物1~4如下所示。
(矽氧烷化合物1)
於30%甲苯溶液之黏度為27,000mPa・s,烯基含量為0.007莫耳/100g,分子鏈末端經SiMe2
Vi基封鎖之含乙烯基之聚二甲基矽氧烷,作為矽氧烷化合物1。
(矽氧烷化合物2)
由Me3
SiO0.5
單元及SiO2
單元構成之MQ樹脂之聚矽氧烷(Me3
SiO0.5
單元/SiO2
單元=0.8)之60%甲苯溶液,作為矽氧烷化合物2。
(矽氧烷化合物3)
將含有於30%甲苯溶液之黏度為42,000mPa・s,烯基含量為0.007莫耳/100g,分子鏈末端經OH封鎖之含乙烯基之聚二甲基矽氧烷40質量份、由Me3
SiO0.5
單元及SiO2
單元構成之MQ樹脂之聚矽氧烷(Me3
SiO0.5
單元/SiO2
單元=0.8)之60%甲苯溶液100質量份、及甲苯26.7質量份之溶液邊回流邊加熱4小時後、冷卻,而使聚二甲基矽氧烷鍵結於MQ樹脂者,作為矽氧烷化合物3。
(矽氧烷化合物4)
使用信越化學工業製KF-99作為甲基氫聚矽氧油。
又,使用係聚醚型聚矽氧油之側鏈聚醚改性之信越化學工業製KF-353作為聚矽氧系之樹脂。
生物體電極組成物溶液中摻合之有機溶劑如下所示。
PGMEA:丙二醇-1-單甲醚-2-乙酸酯
PGME:丙二醇-1-單甲醚
PGEE:丙二醇-1-單乙醚
ISOPAR E:異烷烴系溶劑 標準石油製
ISOPAR G:異烷烴系溶劑 標準石油製
生物體電極組成物溶液中摻合作為添加劑之金屬粉、自由基發生劑、鉑觸媒、導電性增進劑(碳黑、奈米碳管)如下所示。
金屬粉 銀粉:Sigma-Aldrich公司製 銀屑片 直徑10μm
金粉:Sigma-Aldrich公司製 金粉 直徑10μm以下
自由基發生劑:富士膠片和光純藥公司製 V-601
鉑觸媒:信越化學工業製 CAT-PL-50T
碳黑:電化公司製 Denka black HS-100
多層奈米碳管:Sigma-Aldrich公司製 直徑110~170nm、長度5~9μm
[實施例1~15、比較例1~5]
按表1及表2記載之組成將離子性材料(鹽)、樹脂(黏著性樹脂)、有機溶劑、及添加劑(自由基發生劑、鉑觸媒、導電性增進劑)摻混,製備成生物體電極組成物溶液(生物體電極組成物溶液1~15、比較生物體電極組成物溶液1~5)。
(導電性評價)
在直徑3cm、厚度0.2mm之鋁製圓板之上使用塗抹機塗佈生物體電極組成物溶液,於室溫風乾6小時後,使用烘箱於氮氣環境下於120℃烘烤30分鐘使其硬化,就每一生物體電極組成物溶液製作4片生物體電極。依此方式獲得之生物體電極,如圖3(a)、(b)所示,其中一面具有生物體接觸層3,另一面具有作為導電性基材之鋁製圓板8。然後如圖3(b),在未以生物體接觸層被覆之側之鋁製之圓板8之表面用膠帶貼附銅配線9,作為拉出電極,將其連接在阻抗測定裝置。如圖4,以人手腕的皮膚與生物體接觸層側接觸的方式,貼附2片生物體電極1’,設間隔為15cm。使用Solartron公司製之交流阻抗測定裝置SI1260,邊改變頻率邊測定初始阻抗。然後將其餘2片生物體電極在純水中浸漬1小時,使水乾燥後以和上述同樣的方法測定皮膚上之阻抗。頻率1,000Hz之阻抗示於表3。
(黏著性評價)
將生物體電極組成物溶液(黏著性溶液)使用塗抹機塗佈在厚度100μm之PEN(聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)基板上,於室溫風乾6小時後,使用烘箱於氮氣環境下於120℃烘烤30分鐘,使其硬化,製得黏接薄膜。從此黏接薄膜切出寬25mm的貼帶,並壓接在不銹鋼版(SUS304),於室溫放置20小時後,測定使用拉伸試驗機以角度180度、300mm/分的速度將由黏著薄膜製作的貼帶從不銹鋼板拉開所需的力(N/25mm)。結果示於表3。
(生物體接觸層之厚度測定)
使用測微計測定上述導電性評價試驗製作之生物體電極中之生物體接觸層之厚度。結果示於表3。
如表3,使用了摻合磺醯胺鹽聚矽氧化合物及樹脂的本發明之生物體電極組成物而形成生物體接觸層的實施例1~15,初始阻抗低,即使浸於水並使其乾燥後,阻抗仍不起大幅變化。亦即實施例1~15中,獲得了初始導電性高,即使被水沾濡或乾燥時仍不發生導電性之大幅變化的生物體電極。又,如此的實施例1~15的生物體電極,具有和摻合習知之鹽及樹脂之比較例1~5之生物體電極有同程度的良好的黏著力,輕量且生物體適合性優異,能夠以低成本製造。
另一方面,使用習知之鹽及樹脂而得的生物體電極組成物形成生物體接觸層之比較例1~4,初始阻抗低但是浸於水並使其乾燥後,會發生位數改變的程度的大幅阻抗增加。亦即比較例1~4,僅能獲得雖然初始導電性高但是被水沾濕或乾燥時導電性會大幅下降的生物體電極。
又,使用不摻合鹽而摻合樹脂之生物體電極組成物而形成生物體接觸層之比較例5,不含有鹽,故即使浸於水並使其乾燥後,仍不會發生位數改變的程度的大幅阻抗增加,但初始阻抗高。亦即比較例5僅能獲得初始導電性低的生物體電極。
由以上可知:若為使用本發明之生物體電極組成物形成生物體接觸層之生物體電極,因為導電性、生物體適合性、對於導電性基材之黏著性優異、導電性增進劑之保持力優異,故即使被水沾濕、乾燥仍不會發生導電性大幅下降,為質輕且能夠以低成本製造。
又,本發明不限於上述實施形態。上述實施形態係例示,和本發明之申請專利範圍記載之技術思想有實質上同一構成且發揮同樣作用效果者皆包括在本發明之技術範圍內。
1、1’‧‧‧生物體電極
2‧‧‧導電性基材
3‧‧‧生物體接觸層
4‧‧‧離子性SSQ材料
5a‧‧‧金屬粉
5b‧‧‧碳粉
6‧‧‧樹脂
7‧‧‧生物體
8‧‧‧鋁製之圓板
9‧‧‧銅配線
圖1顯示本發明之生物體電極之一例之概略剖面圖。
圖2顯示本發明之生物體電極裝設在生物體時之一例之概略剖面圖。
圖3顯示本發明之實施例製作之生物體電極從(a)生物體接觸層側觀察的概略圖及(b)從導電性基材側觀察的概略圖。
圖4顯示使用本發明之實施例製作之生物體電極,測定皮膚表面之阻抗之照片。
1‧‧‧生物體電極
2‧‧‧導電性基材
3‧‧‧生物體接觸層
4‧‧‧離子性SSQ材料
5a‧‧‧金屬粉
5b‧‧‧碳粉
6‧‧‧樹脂
Claims (17)
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之生物體電極組成物,含有作為(A)成分之該鍵結於N-羰基磺醯胺鹽之倍半矽氧烷、及作為(B)成分之黏著性樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之生物體電極組成物,其中,該(B)成分選自聚矽氧樹脂、(甲基)丙烯酸酯樹脂、胺甲酸酯樹脂中之1種以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之生物體電極組成物,其中,就該(B)成分而言,含有具烯基之二有機矽氧烷、具SiH基之有機氫聚矽氧烷。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之生物體電極組成物,其中,就(B)成分而言,更含有具RxSiO(4-x)/2單元(R為碳數1~10之經取代或非取代之一價烴基,x為2.5~3.5之範圍)及SiO2單元之聚矽氧樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之生物體電極組成物,更含有碳粉及/或金屬粉作為(C)成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之生物體電極組成物,其中,該碳粉係碳黑及奈米碳管中之任一者或兩者。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之生物體電極組成物,其中,該金屬粉係選自金、銀、鉑、銅、錫、鈦、鎳、鋁、鎢、鉬、釕、鉻、銦中之金屬粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之生物體電極組成物,其中,該金屬粉係銀粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之生物體電極組成物,其中,該生物體電極組成物更含有有機溶劑作為(D)成分。
- 一種生物體電極,具有導電性基材及形成在該導電性基材上之生物體接觸層,其特徵為:該生物體接觸層係如申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之生物體電極組成物之硬化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之生物體電極,其中,該導電性基材含有選自金、銀、氯化銀、鉑、鋁、鎂、錫、鎢、鐵、銅、鎳、不銹鋼、鉻、鈦、碳、及導電性聚合物中之1種以上。
- 一種生物體電極之製造方法,係具有導電性基材及形成在該導電性基材上之生物體接觸層之生物體電極之製造方法,其特徵為:在該導電性基材上塗佈如申請專利範圍第1至11項中任一項之生物體電極組成物並使其硬化,以形成該生物體接觸層。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之生物體電極之製造方法,其中,就該導電性基材而言,使用含有選自金、銀、氯化銀、鉑、鋁、鎂、錫、鎢、鐵、銅、鎳、不銹鋼、鉻、鈦、碳、及導電性聚合物中之1種以上者。
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