TWI722400B - 間質幹細胞之胞外泌體及其用途 - Google Patents
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- TWI722400B TWI722400B TW108109188A TW108109188A TWI722400B TW I722400 B TWI722400 B TW I722400B TW 108109188 A TW108109188 A TW 108109188A TW 108109188 A TW108109188 A TW 108109188A TW I722400 B TWI722400 B TW I722400B
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Abstract
本揭露提供一種包含間質幹細胞之胞外泌體的醫藥組成物及其於預防或治療關節疾病之用途,包含投予有需要的個體治療有效量之所述醫藥組成物,以保留軟骨組織、增進軟骨再生以及修護受損之關節,進而預防或治療與關節相關之疾病。
Description
本揭露係關於一種包含間質幹細胞之胞外泌體的醫藥組成物,及其於預防或治療關節疾病之用途。
骨關節炎(osteoarthritis, OA),也稱為退化性關節炎,特徵為關節軟骨的退化和受損,如軟骨下骨的變化以及骨贅的形成,是一種常見的慢性退化性關節疾病,主要影響負重的關節,如老年人的膝蓋和臀部。根據統計,超過10%的美國成年人經臨床診斷患有骨關節炎,其為住院的第四大常見原因,也是全膝關節和髖關節置換手術最常見的原因(Murphy, L. & Helmick, C. G., The American Journal of Nursing, 112, S13-19 (2012)),其中易患骨關節炎的系統性因素包括年齡、性別、族群、骨密度、雌激素補充、遺傳及營養等,而局部的生物機械性因素則包括肥胖、關節損傷、關節畸形、運動和肌肉無力等,將導致骨關節炎的惡化(Felson, D. T. et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 133, 635-646 (2000))。
此外,骨關節炎不僅是單純的退化性疾病,最近的研究發現,低度發炎作用不僅會增加疾病的症狀,也會加速疾病的進程。舉例而言,活化的巨噬細胞和其他先天免疫細胞會釋放促使軟骨損傷的發炎性細胞激素 (Liu-Bryan, R. & Terkeltaub, R., Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., 11, 35-44, (2015)),以及在取自骨關節炎患者的滑膜組織中,發現數量增加的免疫細胞,該免疫細胞與包括TNF-α、IL1β、IL6、IL8和IL22等促發炎反應細胞激素的表現相關。另一方面,MMP1、3和13則直接負責細胞外基質的重塑。
目前針對骨關節炎之治療及處置包括藥物治療、非藥物治療、以及手術處理等。
針對骨關節炎症狀緩解的藥物治療包括乙醯胺酚、非類固醇類抗發炎藥、類鴉片類藥物、局部止痛藥、皮質類固醇注射劑和玻尿酸注射劑(Sinusas, K., Am. Fam. Physician., 2012 Jan. 1; 85(1):49-56),而葡萄糖胺和硫酸軟骨素則具有一定的保護作用(Lee, Y. H., Woo, J. H., Choi, S. J., Ji, J. D. & Song, G. G., Rheumatology International, 30, 357-363 (2010))。另發現,藥物治療結合非藥物介入治療,在疼痛控制上更為有效。此外,運動不僅是一種有效的介入治療,也是預防骨關節炎的方法,其他物理性療法則包括支架和足用輔具等。
儘管如此,膝關節、髖關節和肩盂肱關節的全關節置換術仍為最有效的治療方法,可使關節功能恢復到接近正常。然而,由於骨關節炎的軟骨缺損通常過大,因此骨軟骨(osteochondral)移植、自體軟骨膜、骨膜移植、以及軟骨細胞的移植可能皆不適用 (Gilbert, J. E., The American Journal of Knee Surgery, 11, 42-46 (1998), Versier, G., Dubrana, F. & French Arthroscopy, S., Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research: OTSR 97, S140-15 (2011))。最近研究顯示,新發現的卡托吉寧(kartogenin,KGN)能夠刺激軟骨組織中的間質幹細胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)分化成為軟骨細胞,在骨關節炎的早期階段局部給予KGN可因此改善受損關節(Johnson, K. et al., A stem cell-based approach to cartilage repair, Science 336, 717-721 (2012))。
此外,組織工程和幹細胞治療亦已應用於骨關節炎的研究中(Matsumoto, T. et al., Arthritis and Rheumatism, 60, 1390-1405 (2009); Toghraie, F. S. et al., The Knee, 18, 71-75 (2011))。幹細胞療法雖可提供永久的生物性治療,但各種來源的幹細胞,如胚胎幹細胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)、誘導多能幹細胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)、胎兒和成人幹細胞等,均有一定程度的分化能力,而用於治療骨關節炎的幹細胞療法有賴於幹細胞分化成軟骨的能力,因此,移植的幹細胞必須能夠存活於有疾病的關節中,且幹細胞的自我更新能力及分化能力對於再生醫療相當重要。
近年來,廣泛的幹細胞研究發現人類胚胎幹細胞(human embryonic stem cells,hESCs)及iPSCs可分化成幾乎所有種類的人體細胞,且具有高度自我更新能力的優勢。在組織工程和再生醫學中,hESCs為幹細胞療法的首選,已用於許多疾病的治療,如帕金森氏症、肌萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症、脊髓損傷、中風、心臟病、糖尿病、造血系統疾病、肝病和肺病等(Keller, G., Genes & Development, 19, 1129-1155, (2005)),而iPSCs更具有個人客製化的潛力,較ESCs更佳。
然而,hESCs和iPSCs幹細胞療法有其缺點。舉例而言,自幹細胞衍生的人類細胞有形成畸胎瘤和導致免疫反應的風險(Thomson, J. A. et al., Science, 282, 1145-1147 (1998))。另一方面,小鼠胚胎纖維母細胞(mouse embryonic fibroblasts,MEFs)是維持hESCs生長最常用的餵養層,然而,這種hESCs培養方法受到質疑,因其非人類細胞成分,可能會限制了於人體中的臨床使用。雖然已經開發了培養hESCs和iPSC的新方法,例如無餵養層及無血清,以及與其他人源細胞共培養等方法,但致瘤性仍然限制了此等幹細胞的臨床應用 (Xu, C. et al., Nature Biotechnology, 19, 971-974, (2001); Richards, M., Fong, C. Y., Chan, W. K., Wong, P. C. & Bongso, A., Nature Biotechnology, 20, 933-936 (2002))。
此外,存在於骨關節炎關節中的分解代謝因子如介白素-1α或TNF-α等將會抑制幹細胞的軟骨細胞分化,因而減少軟骨生成,因此,針對病患關節的修復,除了引入軟骨細胞外,減少發炎性細胞激素同等重要。
因此,骨關節炎的治療仍有待突破,需進一步開發安全且有效的療法。
本揭露提供了一種包含間質幹細胞之胞外泌體的醫藥組成物及其於預防或治療關節疾病之用途。具體而言,本揭露提供了預防或治療個體關節疾病的方法,該方法包括給予個體醫藥組成物,其中該醫藥組成物包含治療有效量的間質幹細胞之胞外泌體。
在本揭露的一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞係臍帶間質幹細胞、胎兒間質幹細胞、臍帶血間質幹細胞、胎盤間質幹細胞、羊水間質幹細胞、骨髓間質幹細胞或脂肪間質幹細胞。在另一具體實施例中,該臍帶間質幹細胞係人臍帶間質幹細胞。在又一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞係未經分化誘導。在一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞為未分化之多能性間質幹細胞。在另一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞係經培養至第3繼代至第6繼代。在另一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞係培養於不含有血清的培養基。
在本揭露的一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞係呈現表面細胞標記CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105及HLA-ABC中之至少其中一個。在另一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞未呈現細胞標記CD34、CD45、CD56和HLA-DR。在另一具體實施例中,該間質幹細胞係呈現CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105及HLA-ABC之表面細胞標記,且未呈現CD34、CD45、CD56及HLA-DR之表面細胞標記。
在一具體實施例中,該個體是人。在另一具體實施例中,關節疾病為關節軟骨缺陷、骨關節炎、慢性關節風濕症、變形性關節炎、肩關節周炎、軟骨退化或前十字韌帶損傷。在另一具體實施例中,該關節疾病為骨關節炎。在一具體實施例中,該醫藥組合物係以注射方式投予有需要的個體。
在一具體實施例中,該醫藥組成物用於修護受損之關節、保留軟骨組織或增進軟骨再生,以預防或治療關節疾病。
在一具體實施例中,相較於未使用本揭露之組成物,使用本揭露用於預防或治療關節疾病之醫藥組成物之個體具有較厚的軟骨組織。在另一具體實施例中,使用本揭露用於預防或治療關節疾病之醫藥組成物之個體的軟骨組織厚度為未使用者之至少2倍。在又一具體實施例中,使用本揭露用於預防或治療關節疾病之醫藥組成物之個體的軟骨組織為未使用者之2.5倍或更多。
在本揭露的一具體實施例中,該醫藥組成物中之該胞外泌體係由1 x 107
至1 x 109
之間質幹細胞所產生。在另一具體實施例中,該胞外泌體係呈現表面細胞標記CD9、CD63及CD81中之至少其中一個。在另一具體實施例中,該胞外泌體未呈現表面細胞標記GM130。在另一具體實施例中,該胞外泌體係呈現CD9、CD63及CD81之表面細胞標記,且未呈現GM130之表面細胞標記。
間質幹細胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)包括衍生自不同來源的各個種類,如骨髓間質幹細胞(bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells,BM-MSCs)、臍帶血間質幹細胞(umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells,UCB-MSCs)、人臍帶間質幹細胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,HUCMSCs)、脂肪組織間質幹細胞(adipose tissue-derived stem cells,ADSCs)、肌肉幹細胞(muscle-derived stem cells,MDSCs)和牙髓幹細胞(dental pulp stem cells,DPSCs)等,已用於幹細胞療法中的軟骨細胞再生。在這些間質幹細胞中,骨髓間質幹細胞、脂肪組織間質幹細胞和肌肉幹細胞數量豐富,並且可以從具患有骨關節炎風險的成人中分離取得,因此,該等間質幹細胞具有用於骨關節炎幹細胞療法的潛力。
除了直接分化成軟骨細胞修復受損的骨關節炎關節外,間質幹細胞的旁分泌(paracrine)作用對免疫細胞具有重要的抗發炎和免疫抑制作用。間質幹細胞會與T細胞相互作用,並抑制初始T淋巴細胞增殖並分化成Th1或Th17表型。來自環境的可溶性和接觸依賴性信號均能觸發間質幹細胞的治療效果,因此,間質幹細胞分泌至細胞外周邊環境的各種介白素和細胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)在骨關節炎治療中具有重要作用。
細胞外囊泡是細胞間通訊的重要介素,不僅參與正常的生理功能,也作用於疾病的發生和發展。胞外泌體是細胞外囊泡的一種,其直徑為40至100奈米(nm),可經由離心從所有類型的體液中分離,包括血液、尿液、支氣管肺泡沖洗液、母乳、羊水、滑液、胸膜滲出液和腹水等,且已知胞外泌體缺乏特異性標記。
間質幹細胞之胞外囊泡(MSC-EV)能進行貯存而不會失去原本功能,且具有安全性,因此,間質幹細胞之胞外囊泡可以成為取代直接移植間質幹細胞的替代性無細胞療法。間質幹細胞之胞外囊泡已在心血管疾病、急性腎臟或肝臟損傷、肺損傷和皮膚傷口癒合的各種動物模式中進行研究 (Rani, S. et. al., Mol. Ther., 23, 812-823, (2015)),然而,迄今尚未有關於間質幹細胞之胞外囊泡於骨關節炎模型中的研究。
能代表骨關節炎致病機制的動物模式對於新療法的開發非常重要,該模型必須模擬病患關節相關的臨床和病理變化。本揭露使用前交叉韌帶切斷術(anterior cruciate ligament transection,ACLT)的骨關節炎兔子模型,該模型曾用於尋找骨關節炎的病因,也用於包括幹細胞治療在內的骨關節炎療法研究。迄今,該動物模式尚未進行過胞外泌體療法的研究。
以下是藉由特定的具體實施例說明本揭露的實施方式,熟習此專業的人士可由本說明書所揭示的內容輕易地瞭解本揭露的優點及功效。本揭露亦可藉由其他不同的實施方式加以施行或應用,本說明書中的各項細節亦可基於不同觀點與應用,在不悖離本揭露的精神下賦予不同的修飾與變更,下述實施例應瞭解為僅用於例示說明,而不應被解釋為本揭示的限制。
實施例1:建立動物模式
本實施例中使用12隻14個月齡的紐西蘭白兔(New Zealand White,NZW)。將兔膝關節分為二組:(1)OA組:誘導骨關節炎且未治療,n = 6;(2)實驗組(OA + EXO):誘導骨關節炎且施以胞外泌體治療,n = 6。
肌肉注射氯胺酮(100 mg/kg)和甲苯噻嗪(8 mg/kg)麻醉所有兔子。將兩個膝蓋剃毛並用碘液(Betadine®
)消毒。經皮做出內側髕骨切口,並進行關節切開術,使髕骨橫向脫位,並使膝蓋完全屈曲,可見前十字韌帶(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL),然後以15號刀片橫切,再以無菌鹽水沖洗關節並縫合。關節囊和關節腔滑膜以4-0聚丙烯縫線一併縫合,皮膚則以3-0尼龍縫線縫合。手術後將所有兔子送回籠中,並允許其自由活動,並口服施以0.2毫克(mg)/公斤(kg)/天的美洛昔康7天以緩解疼痛。
前十字韌帶橫切術兩個月後,以下述方法檢視各組兔膝關節的變化。
首先以肉眼檢查關節表面。兔子實施安樂死後,暴露股骨遠端和脛骨近端的表面,並以肉眼檢查,用注射器將2毫升(mL)印地安墨水注射到脛骨平台上,2分鐘後,以鹽水洗滌表面,肉眼觀察脛骨平台的染色模式。結果如圖1所示,OA組的軟骨內側顯示軟骨嚴重破壞(如箭頭所指處),且OA組的膝關節顯示顯著的軟骨破壞(如箭頭所指處)。
經由顯微鏡直接觀察組織變化,將軟骨破壞處隨機取六點測量其厚度,結果如圖6中OA組所示。圖6中之所有數據表示為中位數及範圍。
組織學評估方式如下:移除股骨遠端和脛骨近端平台,以10%經緩衝福馬林(Sigma)固定48小時後,將樣品以10% EDTA(Gibco,Grand Island,NY,USA)脫鈣2週,並切成4片。所有切片都嵌入石蠟中,製備連續的矢狀切片,並使用蘇木素及伊紅(hematoxylin & eosin,H&E;Sigma)和番紅-O(safranin O;Sigma)進行染色。
免疫組織化學分析方法以下述方式進行:取得每組2個股骨遠端後,快速包埋在最適切割溫度(optimal cutting temperature,OCT)化合物(Miles,Elkhart,IN)中,並在液氮中快速冷凍,儲存於-80℃直至使用。
將股骨關節切片再水化後,以3%過氧化氫(Sigma)阻斷內源性過氧化酶,再以PBS(pH 7.4; Sigma)中的2.5%透明質酸酶(Sigma)和1 mg/mL的鏈黴蛋白酶(Pronase)混合物於37℃中處理1小時,回收II型膠原蛋白,而X型膠原蛋白的回收則是於37℃下使用0.1單位/毫升的軟骨素酶ABC(Sigma)處理1小時,再以Tris-HCl(pH 3.0,MDBio,台北,台灣)中的1 mg/mL胃蛋白酶(Sigma)於37°C下處理15分鐘。然後,使用Ultra V Block(Thermo Scientific,Fremont,CA)10分鐘阻斷切片,並與一級抗體(II型膠原蛋白為小鼠單株抗體;1:200;CP18;Calbiochem,La Jolla,CA;X型膠原蛋白為大鼠多株抗體;1:200;ab58632;Abcam,Cambridge,MA)在37℃下反應4小時。
與二級抗體反應30分鐘後,II型膠原蛋白使用生物素標記的山羊抗小鼠免疫球蛋白(Dako,Carpinteria,CA),而X型膠原蛋白則使用生物素標記的山羊抗鼠免疫球蛋白(Biocare Medical,Walnut Creek,CA),接著使用山葵過氧化酶接合的鏈黴抗生物素蛋白(Biocare Medical)進行反應。
以含有0.01%過氧化氫的3,3二胺聯苯胺溶液將切片染色後,再以蘇木素(Sigma)複染,並使用Image-Pro Plus 5.0版軟體測量每個股骨的關節軟骨中II型和X型膠原染色區域相較於總面積的比率。
結果如圖2所示,H&E染色、番紅-O染色和II型膠原免疫組織化學分析顯示出OA組關節有顯著的軟骨破壞,代表此動物模式可模擬OA的致病機轉,並呈現類似的疾病特徵,因此可作為有效評估OA療法的模式。
實施例2:擴增人臍帶間質幹細胞(HUCMSCs)
人臍帶的取得和使用的方法經佛教慈濟總醫院人體試驗委員會(IRB 100-166)許可,本實驗方法根據赫爾辛基宣言進行,並得到當地倫理審查委員會的許可,並在實驗前取得所有受試者的知情同意書。取得人臍帶間質幹細胞的詳細方法為本領域已知技術,此實施例的具體實施方式如下。
簡言之,人臍帶檢體(長20公分,重20克)收集在含有漢克平均衡鹽溶液(Gibco / BRL 14185-052,Grand Island,NY,USA)的無菌盒中,並於24小時內從血管和羊膜分離花頓氏膠(Wharton's jelly, WJ)。
首先,以不含Ca2+
和Mg2+
的磷酸鹽緩衝液(PBS,Biowest,Nuaille,France)洗滌人臍帶三次,然後用剪刀以中線方向剪開,並將臍動脈、靜脈血管和輪廓膜與花頓氏膠解離,然後將花頓氏膠切成小於0.5立方公分的片段,以I型膠原酶(Sigma,St. Louis,MO,USA)處理,並在37℃、95%空氣及5%CO2
的加濕環境中反應14至18小時。
上述外植體接著在含有10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS;Biological Industries,Kibbutz Beit Haemek,Israel)和抗生素的低葡萄糖DMEM培養基(Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium;LG,Sigma)中於37℃下在95%空氣和5%CO2
的加濕環境中培養。靜置5至7天,以允許細胞自外植體遷移,將得到的人臍帶間質幹細胞指定為第1代。培養基每週更換兩次,當細胞達到90%匯合時,將細胞繼代培養。
實施例3:人臍帶間質幹細胞(HUCMSCs)特徵及分化能力
以流式細胞測量術測量第三代或第四代培養的人臍帶間質幹細胞的表面分子特徵。使用Accutase®
(Millipore,Billerica,MA,USA)在PBS中分離細胞,並以含有2%胎牛血清白蛋白(Sigma)和0.1%疊氮化鈉(Sigma)的PBS洗滌,而後與包括CD29、CD34、CD44、CD45、CD56、CD73、CD90、CD105、HLA-ABC和HLA-DR(BD PharMingen,Franklin Lakes,NJ,USA)等結合有螢光異硫氰酸鹽或藻紅素的各種抗體一起反應,然後使用流式細胞儀(Becton Dickinson,San Jose,CA,USA)分析細胞。
結果發現,如圖3A所示,人臍帶間質幹細胞所呈現的表面細胞標記有CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105和HLA-ABC,而未呈現的表面細胞標記有CD34、CD45、CD56和HLA-DR。
人臍帶間質幹細胞分化成脂肪細胞的能力經由誘導脂肪生成的方式進行測試。將數量共5×104
的人臍帶間質幹細胞接種到含有脂肪生成培養基(添加10%FBS、5 μg/mL胰島素、0.5 mmol/L異丁基甲基黃嘌呤、1 μmol/L地塞米松和60 μmol/L吲美洒辛的DMEM,所有化合物皆購自Sigma)的12孔板上。人臍帶間質幹細胞在脂肪生成培養基中培養14天,並且每3天更換培養基。進行分化14天後,將分化的脂肪細胞以油紅染色(oil red O,Sigma)並拍照。
結果如圖3B所示,分化的人臍帶間質幹細胞在細胞質內顯示出油紅染色的大型油滴。
人臍帶間質幹細胞分化成骨細胞的能力經由誘導的方式進行測試。將數量共1×104
的人臍帶間質幹細胞接種於含有成骨生成培養基(添加10%FBS、0.1 μmol/L地塞米松、10 mmol/Lβ-甘油磷酸酯和50 μmol/L抗壞血酸的DMEM)的12孔板的各孔中。培養基每3天更換一次,進行分化14天後,以茜素紅(alizarin red,Sigma)染色骨細胞並拍照。
結果如圖3C所示,分化的人臍帶間質幹細胞的細胞形態轉變為長方體形狀,且茜素紅染色呈陽性。
人臍帶間質幹細胞的軟骨細胞生成能力經由微細胞團培養方式(micromass culture)測試。將密度為25×106
細胞/mL,總體積共30 μL的人臍帶間質幹細胞接種到乾燥的15 mL試管(BD Pharmingen)的底部,並置於37℃且加濕環境的CO2
培養箱中2小時,每個管中加入另外的軟骨生成培養基(0.75 mL)。每48小時更換一次培養基,培養3週後,形成微細胞團軟骨細胞。收取微細胞團軟骨細胞,拍照後,將微細胞團軟骨細胞於4℃以4%三聚甲醛固定24小時。然後以PBS洗滌,再轉移至70%乙醇中,並進行組織處理,經石蠟切片(5 μm)後以蛋白聚醣(aggrecan,1:100,GeneTex,Irvine CA,USA)進行免疫組織化學(immunohistochemistry,IHC)染色,評估軟骨細胞生成。
結果如圖3D所示,在軟骨生成誘導21天後,人臍帶間質幹細胞緊密聚合成團狀,且蛋白聚醣染色呈陽性。
上述結果顯示人臍帶間質幹細胞可分化為脂肪細胞、骨細胞及軟骨細胞。
實施例4:純化人臍帶間質幹細胞(HUCMSCs)胞外泌體
從人臍帶間質幹細胞的條件培養基(conditioned media,CM)中以HPLC純化MSC-EV胞外泌體為本領域已知技術 (Lai, R. C. et al., Stem Cell Res., 4, 214-222, (2010);Sze, S. K. et al., Mol. Cell Proteomics, 6, 1680-1689, (2007))。簡而言之,製備條件培養基的方法如下:將培養至第3至6代且80%匯合的人臍帶間質幹細胞以PBS洗滌三次,並在化學性界定培養基中過夜培養。所述培養基由無酚紅低葡萄糖DMEM(Invitrogen)組成,並添加胰島素、轉鐵蛋白、硒蛋白(Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium,ITS;Invitrogen)、5 ng/ml FGF2(Invitrogen)、5 ng/ml PDGF AB(Peprotech,Rocky Hill,NJ)、麩醯胺酸-青黴素-鏈黴素和β-巰乙醇,然後以PBS沖洗培養物三次,並加入新鮮的化學性界定培養基。3天後,收集培養基並以500×g離心,使用0.2 μm過濾器過濾上清液。製備條件培養基的過程中不使用血清,並且細胞未經分化誘導。以100 kDa MWCO (Molecular Weight Cut Off)的膜(Sartorius,Goettingen,Germany)以切向流過濾收集自人臍帶間質幹細胞培養物的無血清條件培養基,並濃縮50倍。
收集濃縮的條件培養基,並以3000×g離心15分鐘,以除去細胞和細胞碎片。將上清液轉移至無菌容器中,並加入適當體積的ExoQuick-TC(System Biosciences,Palo Alto,CA,USA),倒置或輕彈容器以充分混合,在4°C下冷藏過夜(至少12小時)。在反應期間保持直立,不旋轉或混合容器。將ExoQuick-TC/條件培養基之混合物以1500×g離心30分鐘,離心可以在室溫或4℃下進行。離心後,胞外泌體在容器底部可顯示為米色或白色沉澱。吸出上清液,以1500×g離心5分鐘,集中殘留的ExoQuick-TC溶液,再抽吸去除所有的殘留液體,切勿打散沉澱的胞外泌體團狀物。以100至500 μl無菌的1 X PBS將胞外泌體的沉澱重新懸浮,以注射至關節。
使用微二金雞鈉酸蛋白質測定法(micro-bicinchoninic acid assay,Thermo Fisher Scientific,Dreieich,Germany)測定胞外泌體檢體的蛋白質濃度,再以西方墨點法測定純化的胞外泌體。使用5 μg濃縮的胞外泌體樣本,以樣品緩衝液(二硫蘇糖醇、0.1%SDS、0.1 M Tris-HCl;pH 7.0)處理,於95℃煮沸5分鐘,然後以12%的SDS-PAGE電泳分離。將樣品轉移至PVDF膜(Merck Millipore,Darmstadt,Germany),並使用能識別外泌體標記蛋白CD9、CD63和CD81(BD Biosciences)或陰性標記GM130(Sigma-Aldrich)的抗體。
結果如圖4所示,以上述方法純化的人臍帶間質幹細胞的胞外泌體呈現典型的胞外泌體表面標記特徵,包括CD9、CD63和CD81呈現陽性,而GM130則呈現陰性。
實施例4:以人臍帶間質幹細胞(HUCMSCs)胞外泌體進行修復
ACLT術後8週,將OA + EXO組的膝關節注射0.4 mL的胞外泌體。每組的兔子將在EXO治療後12週以15至40 mg/kg戊巴比妥(3%)鎮靜,並吸入CO2
後犧牲。肉眼檢查發現,以胞外泌體修復的OA + EXO組的膝軟骨顯示較少的軟骨破壞(圖1)。
以上述之免疫組織化學分析方法檢視各組中膝軟骨的聚醣蛋白(aggrecan)含量,結果如圖5所示,相較於未經胞外泌體修復的OA組(圖5A、圖5C、圖5E),以胞外泌體修復的OA + EXO組(圖5B、圖5D、圖5F)軟骨內側含有明顯較多之聚醣蛋白(aggrecan)。以胞外泌體修復的OA + EXO組(圖5F)的軟骨厚度為未經胞外泌體修復的OA組(圖5E)之2.5倍。
實施例中各組的軟骨破壞處隨機取六點測量其厚度,經測量後,以下述方法進行統計,結果如圖6所示。圖6中之所有數據表示為中位數及範圍,並使用非參數檢定(例如Mann-Whitney U檢定)組織病理學分級進行統計學比較,當p值<0.05時,差異被認為是顯著的,使用SSPS進行所有的統計分析。結果顯示,OA + EXO組的軟骨厚度與未經修復的OA組有明顯的差異。
上述實施態樣僅例示性說明本揭露,而非用於限制,任何熟習此項技藝之人士均可在不違背本案之精神及範疇下,對上述實施態樣進行適當修飾與改變。因此本揭露之權利保護範圍,應如後述之申請專利範圍所列。
無。
圖1顯示以肉眼檢查動物模式中未經胞外泌體修復的OA組和以胞外泌體修復的OA+EXO組的關節,圖中箭頭所指處為關節軟骨破壞處。
圖2顯示正常膝關節和OA組關節的組織學評估和免疫組織化學分析的結果。
圖3A至圖3D顯示人臍帶間質幹細胞的表面細胞標記特徵及分化能力。圖3A:第三繼代之人臍帶間質幹細胞的流式細胞測量結果顯示該細胞呈現表面細胞標記CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105及HLA-ABC,但未呈現表面細胞標記CD34、CD45、CD56和HLA-DR;圖3B:14天後的人臍帶間質幹細胞呈現油紅染色,其顯示脂肪細胞的生成;圖3C:骨生成作用14天後的人臍帶間質幹細胞呈現茜素紅染色,其顯示骨細胞的生成;圖3D:於軟骨生成培養基中培養3週的人臍帶間質幹細胞形成團狀,其顯示軟骨細胞的生成;比例尺=100 μm。
圖4顯示人臍帶間質幹細胞純化的胞外泌體表面細胞標記特徵,呈現表面細胞標記CD9、CD63及CD81,而未呈現表面細胞標記GM130。
圖5A至圖5F顯示未經胞外泌體修復的OA組(圖5A、圖5C、圖5E)和以胞外泌體修復的OA+EXO組(圖5B、圖5D、圖5F)的關節於不同放大倍數下的聚醣蛋白(aggrecan)免疫組織化學分析結果。圖5C及圖5D之比例尺=1000 μm,圖5E及圖5F之比例尺=100 μm,箭頭處為發生骨關節炎的軟骨內側。
圖6為未經胞外泌體修復的OA組和以胞外泌體修復的OA+EXO組的軟骨厚度比較統計圖,** p < 0.01,使用Mann-Whitney測定進行比較(n=5)。
Claims (14)
- 一種間質幹細胞之胞外泌體用於製備預防或治療關節疾病的醫藥組成物之用途,其中,該間質幹細胞係未經分化誘導之臍帶間質幹細胞、臍帶血間質幹細胞、胎盤間質幹細胞或羊水間質幹細胞,以及其中,該關節疾病為慢性關節風濕症、軟骨退化或前十字韌帶損傷。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該間質幹細胞係未分化之多能性間質幹細胞。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該間質幹細胞係呈現CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105及HLA-ABC中之至少其中一個表面細胞標記。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該間質幹細胞未呈現CD34、CD45、CD56及HLA-DR之表面細胞標記。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該間質幹細胞係呈現CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105及HLA-ABC之表面細胞標記,且未呈現CD34、CD45、CD56及HLA-DR之表面細胞標記。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該臍帶間質幹細胞係人臍帶間質幹細胞。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該間質幹細胞係經培養至第3繼代至第6繼代。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之用途,其中,該胞外泌體係純化自培養有該間質幹細胞的不含有血清之培養基中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該胞外泌體係 呈現CD9、CD63及CD81中之至少其中一個表面細胞標記。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該胞外泌體未呈現GM130之表面細胞標記。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該胞外泌體係呈現CD9、CD63及CD81之表面細胞標記,且未呈現GM130之表面細胞標記。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該醫藥組成物係用於保留軟骨組織,以預防或治療該關節疾病。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該醫藥組成物係用於增進軟骨再生,以預防或治療該關節疾病。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之用途,其中,該醫藥組合物係以注射方式投予有需要的個體。
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