TWI715760B - 積層體、印刷基板及積層體之製造方法 - Google Patents

積層體、印刷基板及積層體之製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI715760B
TWI715760B TW106111986A TW106111986A TWI715760B TW I715760 B TWI715760 B TW I715760B TW 106111986 A TW106111986 A TW 106111986A TW 106111986 A TW106111986 A TW 106111986A TW I715760 B TWI715760 B TW I715760B
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Prior art keywords
fluororesin
thermoplastic resin
group
laminate
melting point
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TW106111986A
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English (en)
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TW201806753A (zh
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寺田達也
佐佐木徹
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日商Agc股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明提供一種積層體,其係氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層以良好之接著強度積層而成者。 一種積層體之製造方法,具有一熱層積步驟,係將含有下述氟樹脂(A)之氟樹脂膜及含有熔點較氟樹脂(A)高5℃以上之熱可塑性樹脂(B)之熱可塑性樹脂膜在氟樹脂(A)之熔點以上且小於熱可塑性樹脂(B)之熔點的溫度下進行熱層積。該氟樹脂(A)係一具有選自於由含羰基之基、羥基、環氧基及異氰酸酯基所構成群組中之至少1種官能基且於負載49N且372℃下之熔流速率為0.5~30g/10分的氟樹脂。

Description

積層體、印刷基板及積層體之製造方法
本發明係關於一種積層體及其製造方法,以及具有該積層體之印刷基板。
印刷基板舉例來說可經由下述步驟製造:於絕緣性基體上積層作為導體層之金屬箔層(銅箔等)並將金屬箔不需要的部分利用蝕刻去除以形成圖案電路。而作為絕緣性基體之材料,所知的有介電特性優異之氟樹脂膜和耐熱性優異之聚醯亞胺膜。 又於專利文獻1中提案有一種介電係數低而適合作為絕緣性基體的熱可塑性液晶聚合物薄膜。 先前技術文獻 專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本專利第5674405號公報
發明概要 發明欲解決之課題 近年來,隨著信號傳播之高速化及高頻化,而對絕緣性基體期望其介電係數更低。但是,專利文獻1所載之熱可塑性液晶聚合物膜之電特性卻未必充分,而尋求更進一步的改良。 於是,本案發明人曾有試行積層熱可塑性液晶聚合物膜與氟樹脂膜的構想,但氟樹脂一般來說有與其他材料之接著性低的傾向,故要使氟樹脂膜與熱可塑性樹脂膜以充分之強度黏結在一起並不容易。 本發明之目的在於提供一種積層體及其製造方法以及具有該積層體之印刷基板,其中前述積層體為氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層以良好之接著強度積層而成者。 用以解決課題之手段
本發明具有以下形態。 [1]一種積層體,係於含有氟樹脂之氟樹脂層之至少一面直接積層有含有熱可塑性樹脂的熱可塑性樹脂層,其中前述氟樹脂具有選自於由含羰基之基、羥基、環氧基及異氰酸酯基所構成群組中之至少1種官能基且於負載49N且372℃下之熔流速率為0.5~30g/10分,前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點較前述氟樹脂高5℃以上。 [2]如[1]之積層體,其中前述熱可塑性樹脂為熱可塑性液晶聚合物。 [3]如[2]之積層體,其中前述熱可塑性液晶聚合物係選自於由熱可塑性液晶聚酯、於該熱可塑性液晶聚酯中導入有醯胺鍵之熱可塑性液晶聚酯醯胺及下述聚合物所構成之群組,該聚合物係於芳香族聚酯或芳香族聚酯醯胺中導入有醯亞胺鍵、碳酸酯鍵、碳二亞胺鍵或源自異氰酸酯之鍵者。 [4]如[1]至[3]中任一項之積層體,其中前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點低於360℃。 [5]如[1]至[4]中任一項之積層體,其中前述氟樹脂之熔點為250~320℃。 [6]如[1]至[5]中任一項之積層體,其中前述官能基源自選自於由製造聚合物時所用之單體、鏈轉移劑及聚合引發劑所構成群組中之至少1種。 [7]如[1]至[6]中任一項之積層體,其中前述氟樹脂具有以四氟乙烯為主體之單體單元、以具酸酐基之環烴單體為主體之單體單元、及以含氟單體(惟,四氟乙烯除外)為主體之單體單元。 [8]如[1]至[7]中任一項之積層體,其於前述熱可塑性樹脂層之與前述氟樹脂層接觸之面的相反側之面上具有金屬箔層。 [9]一種印刷基板,具有如[8]之積層體,且前述金屬箔層為圖案電路。 [10]一種積層體之製造方法,具有一熱層積步驟,係將含有氟樹脂之氟樹脂膜及含有熱可塑性樹脂之熱可塑性樹脂膜在前述氟樹脂之熔點以上且小於前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點的溫度下進行熱層積,其中前述氟樹脂具有選自於由含羰基之基、羥基、環氧基及異氰酸酯基所構成群組中之至少1種官能基且於負載49N且372℃下之熔流速率為0.5~30g/10分,前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點較前述氟樹脂高5℃以上。 [11]如[10]之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱可塑性樹脂為熱可塑性液晶聚合物。 [12]如[10]或[11]之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱層積溫度係較前述氟樹脂之熔點高20℃以上且較前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點低3℃以上。 [13]如[10]至[12]中任一項之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱層積溫度為280~357℃。 [14]如[10]至[13]中任一項之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱層積壓力為0.5~7MPa。 [15]如[11]至[14]中任一項之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱可塑性液晶聚合物係選自於由熱可塑性液晶聚酯、於該熱可塑性液晶聚酯中導入有醯胺鍵之熱可塑性液晶聚酯醯胺及下述聚合物所構成之群組,該聚合物係於芳香族聚酯或芳香族聚酯醯胺中導入有醯亞胺鍵、碳酸酯鍵、碳二亞胺鍵或源自異氰酸酯之鍵者。 [16]如[10]至[15]中任一項之積層體之製造方法,其中前述氟樹脂具有以四氟乙烯為主體之單體單元、以具酸酐基之環烴單體為主體之單體單元、及以含氟單體(惟,四氟乙烯除外)為主體之單體單元。 發明效果
依據本發明可製得一氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層以良好之接著強度積層而成之積層體以及具有該積層體之印刷基板。
用以實施發明之形態 以下用語之定義概括適用於本說明書及申請專利之範圍。 「熔點」係指與以示差掃描熱量測定(DSC)法測得之熔解波峰最大值相對應的溫度。 「顯示熔融流動性」係指具有於負載49N之條件下且較樹脂熔點高出20℃以上之高溫下熔流速率會成為0.5~1000g/10分的溫度。 「熔流速率」係指JIS K 7210:1999(ISO 1133:1997)所規定之熔體質量流速(MFR)。
<積層體> 本發明之積層體係利用後述本發明之積層體之製造方法而得者。 本發明之積層體可舉例如作為可撓性印刷基板之材料使用的絕緣性基體,或是具有絕緣性基體與導電層之積層體(所謂的可撓性覆金屬積層體)。 本發明之積層體具有氟樹脂層及直接積層於該氟樹脂層之至少一面的熱可塑性樹脂層。即氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層是於相互接觸之狀態下作積層。且於熱可塑性樹脂層之與氟樹脂層接觸之面的相反側之面上可具有金屬箔層。
圖1係顯示本發明之積層體之一例的截面圖。積層體10具有氟樹脂層12及積層於氟樹脂層12之第1面的熱可塑性樹脂層14。熱可塑性樹脂層14之與氟樹脂層12為相反側的表面上積層有金屬箔層16。 圖2係顯示本發明之積層體之另一例的截面圖。積層體10具有氟樹脂層12以及積層於氟樹脂層12之第1面及第2面的2個熱可塑性樹脂層14。各個熱可塑性樹脂層14之與氟樹脂層12為相反側的表面上分別各積層有金屬箔層16。 就圖1、2之例子來說,熱可塑性樹脂層14與金屬箔層16是於相互接觸之狀態下作積層,不過於該等之間亦可存在有由眾所周知之接著材料構成的層。
本發明之積層體之厚度並無特別限定。 譬如可撓性覆金屬積層體之厚度一般為1~2500μm,故本發明之積層體之厚度亦宜設在該範圍。且該厚度宜為1~2500μm,較佳為2~1000μm,更佳為3~700μm,5~300μm尤佳。
<氟樹脂層> 氟樹脂層係由後述之氟樹脂膜構成的層,且含有特定之氟樹脂(A)。氟樹脂層亦可含有其他樹脂或是添加劑等。 氟樹脂層可為單層結構亦可為2層以上之積層結構。
氟樹脂層之厚度通常為0.5~1000μm,從焊鐵耐熱性之觀點來看,宜為1~200μm,較佳為3~150μm,更佳為5~100μm。只要該厚度在前述上限值以下,則可將積層體整體的厚度變薄。只要該厚度在前述下限值以上,則電絕緣性優異。又,熱可塑性樹脂層曝露在對應高溫下之焊料回流的環境下時,氟樹脂層不易因熱產生膨脹鼓起(起泡)。
氟樹脂層中所含之氟樹脂(A)可為1種亦可為2種以上。 氟樹脂層中之氟樹脂(A)的含量,從氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之接著強度之觀點來看,於氟樹脂層100質量%之中,宜為50質量%以上,較佳為80質量%以上。該含量之上限無特別限定,亦可為100質量%。
[氟樹脂(A)] 氟樹脂(A)係一具有選自於由含羰基之基、羥基、環氧基及異氰酸酯基所構成群組中之至少1種官能基(以下記作「官能基(I)」)的氟樹脂。藉由具有官能基(I),含有氟樹脂(A)之氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之接著強度會變高。 從接著強度之觀點來看,官能基(I)宜作為氟樹脂(A)主鏈的末端基及主鏈的側基中之任一者或二者而存在。 官能基(I)可為1種,亦可為2種以上。
從與熱可塑性樹脂層之接著強度之觀點來看,氟樹脂(A)宜至少具有含羰基之基作為官能基(I)。含羰基之基可舉例如:於烴基之碳原子間具羰基之基、碳酸酯基、羧基、鹵代甲醯基、烷氧羰基及酸酐基等。
於烴基之碳原子間具羰基之基中,其烴基可舉例如碳數2~8之直鏈狀或分枝狀的伸烷基等。另外,該伸烷基之碳數係不含羰基之狀態下的碳數。 鹵代甲醯基可以-C(=O)-X(惟,X為鹵素原子)來表示。鹵素原子可舉氟原子及氯原子等,以氟原子為佳。作為鹵代甲醯基以氟甲醯基(亦稱氟化羰基)為佳。 烷氧羰基中之烷氧基可為直鏈狀亦可為分枝狀,以碳數1~8之烷氧基為佳,甲氧基或乙氧基尤佳。
相對於氟樹脂(A)之主鏈碳數1×106 個,氟樹脂(A)中之官能基(I)含量宜為10~60000個,較佳為100~50000個,更佳為100~10000個,300~5000個尤佳。只要該含量在前述下限值以上,則氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂之接著強度會變得更高。只要該含量在前述上限值以下,則即便降低熱層積溫度亦可提高氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂之接著強度。 該含量可利用核磁共振(NMR)分析及紅外線吸收光譜分析等方法來測定。舉例來說,可如日本特開2007-314720號公報所載使用紅外線吸收光譜分析等方法,求出構成氟樹脂(A)之總構成單元中具官能基(I)之構成單元的比率(莫耳%),並自該比率算出官能基(I)之含量。
氟樹脂(A)之熔點宜為250~320℃,較佳為280~315℃,更佳為290~310℃。只要該熔點在前述下限值以上,則氟樹脂層之耐熱性優異。只要該熔點在前述上限值以下,則氟樹脂(A)之成形性優異。 該熔點可依構成氟樹脂(A)之構成單元之種類和比例以及氟樹脂(A)之分子量等來作調整。譬如,後述構成單元(u1)之比率變得愈多則有熔點愈加提升之傾向。
氟樹脂(A)於負載49N且372℃下之熔流速率在0.5~30g/10分之範圍內。該熔流速率在前述上限值以下的話,氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂之接著強度便會變高。只要熔流速率在前述下限值以上,則氟樹脂層(A)之成形性優異且氟樹脂層之表面平滑性及外觀優異。該熔流速率宜為1~25g/10分,較佳為1~20g/10分,更佳為1~15g/10分。
熔流速率係氟樹脂(A)之分子量之基準,表示熔流速率大的話分子量便小,熔流速率小的話分子量便大。不僅氟樹脂(A)之分子量,甚至熔流速率均可依氟樹脂(A)之製造條件作調整。例如,於單體聚合時縮短聚合時間的話,便有熔流速率變大的傾向。為了縮小熔流速率可舉下述方法等:將氟樹脂(A)進行熱處理以形成交聯結構而提高分子量之方法;以及,減少製造氟樹脂(A)時之自由基聚合引發劑之使用量之方法。 製造氟樹脂(A)時,會有在鏈轉移劑存在下生成之聚合物的分子量變得低於在鏈轉移劑不存在下生成之聚合物的分子量的傾向。亦可依鏈轉移劑之添加量來調整分子量。例如,若為甲醇的話,則添加量相對於製造聚合物時所用之單體、鏈轉移劑及聚合引發劑之總量宜為0.005質量%至0.30質量%,較佳為0.01質量%至0.25質量%,0.05質量%至0.20質量%尤佳。鏈轉移劑宜選自於由甲醇、乙醇、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、氫及鹵化烴所構成群組中之1種以上,較佳為甲醇。
氟樹脂(A)宜為具下述官能基(I)之含氟聚合物,該官能基(I)源自選自於由製造聚合物時所用之單體、鏈轉移劑及聚合引發劑所構成群組中之至少1種。 氟樹脂(A)亦可為於眾所周知之可熔融成形之氟樹脂中導入有官能基(I)的氟樹脂。 可熔融成形之氟樹脂可舉:四氟乙烯/氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物、聚二氟亞乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯及乙烯/三氟氯乙烯共聚物等。
以下,就具有源自製造聚合物時所用之單體、鏈轉移劑或聚合引發劑之官能基(I)的含氟聚合物進行說明。 含氟聚合物因於主鏈的末端基及主鏈的側基中之任一者或兩者存在有官能基(I),故氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之接著強度變得更高。 具官能基(I)之鏈轉移劑可舉乙酸、乙酸酐、乙酸甲酯、乙二醇及丙二醇等。 具官能基(I)之自由基聚合引發劑可舉過氧二碳酸二正丙酯、過氧碳酸二異丙酯、三級丁基過氧化異丙基碳酸酯、過氧二碳酸雙(4-三級丁基環己基)酯及過氧二碳酸二-2-乙基己酯等。 從容易控制官能基(I)含量的觀點來看,以具源自單體之官能基(I)的含氟聚合物為佳。
具源自單體之官能基(I)的含氟聚合物從接著強度變得更高之觀點來看,以下述之含氟聚合物特別理想。 一種含氟聚合物,其具有下述單體單元:以四氟乙烯(以下亦記作「TFE」)為主體之單體單元(u1);以具酸酐基之環烴單體(以下亦記作「含酸酐基之環烴單體」)為主體之單體單元(u2);以及以含氟單體(惟,TFE除外)為主體之單體單元(u3)。 存在於單體單元(u2)之酸酐基相當於官能基(I)。
構成單體單元(u2)之含酸酐基之環烴單體可舉伊康酸酐(以下亦記作「IAH」)、檸康酸酐(以下亦記作「CAH」)、5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐(以下亦記作「NAH」)及順丁烯二酸酐等。含酸酐基之環烴單體可單獨使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。特別是從接著強度之觀點來看以NAH為佳。
構成單體單元(u3)之含氟單體以具有1個聚合性碳-碳雙鍵的含氟化合物為佳,可舉例如:氟烯烴(氟乙烯、二氟亞乙烯(以下亦記作「VdF」)、三氟乙烯、三氟氯乙烯(以下亦記作「CTFE」)、六氟丙烯(以下亦記作「HFP」)等。惟,TFE除外)、CF2 =CFORf1 (惟,Rf1 係碳數1~10且可於碳原子間含有氧原子之全氟烷基)、CF2 =CFORf2 SO2 X1 (惟,Rf2 係碳數1~10且可於碳原子間含有氧原子之全氟伸烷基,X1 係鹵素原子或羥基)、CF2 =CFORf3 CO2 X2 (惟,Rf3 係碳數1~10且可於碳原子間含有氧原子之全氟伸烷基,X2 係氫原子或碳數1~3之烷基)、CF2 =CF(CF2 )p OCF=CF2 (惟,p係1或2)、CH2 =CX3 (CF2 )q X4 (惟,X3 係氫原子或氟原子,q係2~10之整數,X4 係氫原子或氟原子)、及全氟(2-亞甲基-4-甲基-1,3-二氧環戊烷)等。 該等可單獨使用1種亦可併用2種以上。
含氟單體宜為選自於由VdF、CTFE、HFP、CF2 =CFORf1 及CH2 =CX3 (CF2 )q X4 所構成群組中之至少1種,較佳為CF2 =CFORf1 或HFP。 CF2 =CFORf1 以CF2 =CFOCF2 CF2 CF3 (以下亦記作「PPVE」)為佳。CH2 =CX3 (CF2 )q X4 則以CH2 =CH(CF2 )4 F或CH2 =CH(CF2 )2 F為佳。
相對於單體單元(u1)、單體單元(u2)及單體單元(u3)合計100莫耳%,單體單元(u1)之含量宜為50~99.89莫耳%,較佳為50~99.4莫耳%,更佳為50~98.9莫耳%。單體單元(u2)之含量宜為0.01~5莫耳%,較佳為0.1~3莫耳%,更佳為0.1~2莫耳%。單體單元(u3)之含量宜為0.1~49.99莫耳%,較佳為0.5~49.9莫耳%,更佳為1~49.9莫耳%。 只要各單體單元之比率在前述範圍內,則氟樹脂層之耐熱性、耐藥性及高溫下之彈性係數優異。 只要單體單元(u2)之比率在前述範圍內,則含氟聚合物中之酸酐基的量會變得適當,接著強度會變得更高。 只要單體單元(u3)之比率在前述範圍內,則含氟聚合物之成形性優異,並且氟樹脂層之抗彎曲性等優異。 各單體單元之比率可利用含氟聚合物之熔融NMR分析、氟含量分析及紅外線吸收光譜分析等算出。
含氟聚合物由單體單元(u1)、單體單元(u2)及單體單元(u3)構成時,單體單元(u2)之比率為0.01莫耳%係相當於相對於含氟聚合物之主鏈碳數1×106 個,含氟聚合物中之酸酐基含量為100個。單體單元(u2)之比率為5莫耳%則相當於相對於含氟聚合物之主鏈碳數1×106 個,含氟聚合物中之酸酐基含量為50000個。 於含氟聚合物中,單體單元(u2)中之酸酐基之一部分會水解,結果便有含有以與含酸酐基之環烴單體相對應之二羧酸(伊康酸、檸康酸、5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸及順丁烯二酸等)為主體之單體單元的情形。含有以該二羧酸為主體之單體單元時,該單體單元之比率係設為含在單體單元(u2)之比率中。
含氟聚合物中除了單體單元(u1)~(u3)還可具有以非含氟單體(惟,含酸酐基之環烴單體除外)為主體之單體單元(u4)。 非含氟單體以具有1個聚合性碳-碳雙鍵之非含氟化合物為佳,可舉例如碳數3以下之烯烴(乙烯、丙烯等)及乙烯酯(乙酸乙烯酯等)等。非含氟單體可單獨使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。 非含氟單體以乙烯、丙烯及乙酸乙烯酯為佳,乙烯尤佳。 含氟聚合物具有單體單元(u4)時,相對於單體單元(u1)、單體單元(u2)及單體單元(u3)之合計100莫耳%,單體單元(u4)之比率宜為5~90莫耳%,較佳為5~80莫耳%,更佳為10~65莫耳%。
令含氟聚合物之總單體單元合計為100莫耳%時,單體單元(u1)、單體單元(u2)及單體單元(u3)之合計宜為60莫耳%以上,較佳為65莫耳%以上,更佳為68莫耳%以上。理想之上限值為100莫耳%。
作為含氟聚合物之理想的具體例可舉TFE/PPVE/NAH共聚物、TFE/PPVE/IAH共聚物、TFE/PPVE/CAH共聚物、TFE/HFP/IAH共聚物、TFE/HFP/CAH共聚物、TFE/VdF/IAH共聚物、TFE/VdF/CAH共聚物、TFE/CH2 =CH(CF2 )4 F/IAH/乙烯共聚物、TFE/CH2 =CH(CF2 )4 F/CAH/乙烯共聚物、TFE/CH2 =CH(CF2 )2 F/IAH/乙烯共聚物及TFE/CH2 =CH(CF2 )2 F/CAH/乙烯共聚物等。
[其他樹脂] 氟樹脂層中所含之其他樹脂只要可熔融成形即可,並無特別限定。作為其他樹脂,可舉例如氟樹脂(A)以外之氟樹脂、芳香族聚酯、聚醯胺醯亞胺及熱可塑性聚醯亞胺等。 作為其他樹脂從電可靠性之觀點來看,以氟樹脂(A)以外之含氟共聚物為佳。 氟樹脂(A)以外之氟樹脂,可舉例如四氟乙烯/氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物、及乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物等。 氟樹脂(A)以外之氟樹脂之熔點宜為280~320℃。只要熔點在前述範圍內,則於曝露在相當於焊料回流之環境下時,不易因熱於氟樹脂層產生膨脹鼓起(起泡)。
[添加劑] 作為氟樹脂層中所含之添加劑,以介電常數及介電正切低之無機填料為佳。 作為無機填料,可舉氧化矽、黏土、滑石、碳酸鈣、雲母、矽藻土、氧化鋁、氧化鋅、氧化鈦、氧化鈣、氧化鎂、氧化鐵、氧化錫、氧化銻、氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁、鹼性碳酸鎂、碳酸鎂、碳酸鋅、碳酸鋇、碳鈉鋁石、水滑石、硫酸鈣、硫酸鋇、矽酸鈣、蒙脫石、膨土、活性白土、海泡石、絲狀鋁英石、絹雲母、玻璃纖維、玻璃珠、氧化矽系中空球體、碳黑、碳奈米管、碳奈米角、石墨、碳纖維、玻璃中空球體、碳燼(carbon burn)、木粉及硼酸鋅等。無機填料可單獨使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。
無機填料可為多孔質亦可為非多孔質,從介電常數及介電正切更低之觀點來看,以多孔質為佳。 從提升對樹脂之分散性的觀點來看,無機填料亦可施有利用矽烷偶合劑、鈦酸酯偶合劑等表面處理劑之表面處理。 含有無機填料時,氟樹脂層中之無機填料含量相對於氟樹脂(A)100質量份宜為0.1~100質量份,較佳為0.1~60質量份。
<熱可塑性樹脂層> 熱可塑性樹脂層係由後述熱可塑性樹脂膜構成的層,且含有熱可塑性樹脂(B)(惟,氟樹脂(A)除外)。熱可塑性樹脂層亦可含有熱可塑性樹脂(B)以外之其他樹脂(惟,氟樹脂(A)除外)或添加劑等。 熱可塑性樹脂層可為單層結構亦可為2層以上之積層結構。
熱可塑性樹脂層之厚度宜為0.5~2400μm,較佳為3~1000μm,更佳為5~500μm。只要該厚度在前述下限值以上則電絕緣性優異。只要該厚度在前述上限值以下則可將積層體整體厚度變薄。
熱可塑性樹脂層可僅積層於氟樹脂層之第1面,亦可積層於氟樹脂層之第1面及第2面。從製得抑制積層體翹曲且電可靠性優異之兩面覆金屬積層體等之觀點來看,宜於氟樹脂層之第1面及第2面積層熱可塑性樹脂層。 於氟樹脂層之第1面及第2面積層熱可塑性樹脂層時,各熱可塑性樹脂層之組成及厚度可相同亦可相異。然而從抑制積層體翹曲之觀點來看,各熱可塑性樹脂層之組成及厚度相同為佳。
熱可塑性樹脂層中所含之熱可塑性樹脂(B)可為1種亦可為2種以上。 熱可塑性樹脂層中之熱可塑性樹脂(B)的含量,從熱可塑性樹脂層與氟樹脂層之接著強度之觀點來看,於熱可塑性樹脂層100質量%之中宜為50質量%以上,較佳為80質量%以上。熱可塑性樹脂(B)含量的上限無別限定,亦可為100質量%。
[熱可塑性樹脂(B)] 熱可塑性樹脂(B)係熔點較氟樹脂(A)高5℃以上、宜高10℃以上、較佳為高15℃以上的熱可塑性樹脂。又,該熔點為360℃以下,宜為350℃以下,較佳為345℃以下。舉例而言,該熔點為280~360℃,宜為290~350℃。只要該熔點在前述範圍內則可獲得良好之接著強度而不易發生剝離。 熱可塑性樹脂(B)可使用眾所周知之可熔融成形之熱可塑性樹脂。可舉例如聚芳香酯、聚碸、聚芳碸(聚醚碸等)、芳香族聚醯胺、芳香族聚醚醯胺、聚伸苯硫、聚芳基醚酮、聚醯胺醯亞胺及熱可塑性液晶聚合物等。以介電特性優異之觀點來看以熱可塑性液晶聚合物為佳。
[熱可塑性液晶聚合物] 熱可塑性液晶聚合物係能夠形成光學各向異性熔融相之熱可塑性聚合物。熔融時之光學各向異性可藉由例如下述方式確認:將試料載置於熱載台上且於氮氣體環境下進行升溫加熱,並且觀察試料之透射光。 熱可塑性液晶聚合物的例子可舉熱可塑性液晶聚酯,或是於該熱可塑性液晶聚酯中導入有醯胺鍵之熱可塑性液晶聚酯醯胺等。 又亦可為於芳香族聚酯或芳香族聚酯醯胺中更導入有醯亞胺鍵、碳酸酯鍵、碳二亞胺鍵或三聚異氰酸酯鍵等源自異氰酸酯之鍵等的聚合物。特別是以熱可塑性液晶聚酯為佳。 熱可塑性液晶聚合物之熔點宜為280~360℃,較佳為290~350℃。
熱可塑性液晶聚合物可自市售商品取得。 熱可塑性液晶聚酯之例子可舉VECSTAR(Kuraray Co.,Ltd.製,商品名)及BIAC(日本W.L. Gore & Associates,Inc.製,商品名)等。
[其他樹脂] 熱可塑性樹脂層中所含之其他樹脂只要可熔融成形即可,並無特別限定。作為其他樹脂可舉例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、改質聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚烯烴、聚碳酸酯、聚芳香酯、聚醯胺、聚伸苯硫、聚醚醚酮及氟樹脂(A)以外之氟樹脂等的熱可塑性聚合物。 其他樹脂之熔點宜為160~360℃,較佳為200~350℃。
[添加劑] 熱可塑性樹脂層中所含之添加劑可舉與氟樹脂層中所含相同者,且其理想形態亦相同。
<金屬箔層> 金屬箔層係由金屬箔構成的層。 金屬箔並無特別限定,僅需按照積層體之用途適當選擇即可。例如,於電子機器及電性機器上使用積層體時,作為金屬箔可舉由銅或銅合金構成之箔、由不鏽鋼或其合金構成之箔、由鎳或鎳合金(亦包含42合金)構成之箔及由鋁或鋁合金構成之箔。就用在電子機器及電性機器之一般的積層體而言,多使用輥軋銅箔及電解銅箔等銅箔,而於本發明中亦宜用銅箔。
於金屬箔表面亦可形成有防鏽層(鉻酸鹽等之氧化物皮膜)和耐熱層。又為了提高與氟樹脂層之接著強度,亦可於金屬箔表面施行耦合劑處理等。 金屬箔之厚度並無特別限定,只要為可按照積層體之用途發揮充分機能之厚度即可,其中尤以6~70μm為佳,9~35μm更佳。
<積層體之製造方法> 本發明之積層體之製造方法具有下述步驟:將含有氟樹脂(A)之氟樹脂膜及含有熱可塑性樹脂(B)之熱可塑性樹脂膜進行熱層積(以下稱熱層積步驟)。 (氟樹脂膜) 氟樹脂膜只要為含有氟樹脂(A)者即可。氟樹脂膜可為單層膜亦可為數層膜積層而成之積層膜。1層氟樹脂膜之厚度宜為0.5~1000μm,較佳為1~20μm,更佳為3~20μm,3~15μm尤佳。 氟樹脂膜舉例來說可利用下述方法製得。 ‧將氟樹脂(A)其本身或是含有氟樹脂(A)之樹脂組成物利用眾所周知之成形方法(擠製成形法、吹脹成形法等)成形成膜狀之方法。 ‧對含有不具官能基(I)之氟樹脂的氟樹脂膜施行電暈放電處理及電漿處理等眾所周知之表面處理以導入官能基(I)之方法。
(熱可塑性樹脂膜) 熱可塑性樹脂膜只要為含有熱可塑性樹脂(B)者即可。 熱可塑性樹脂膜可為單層膜亦可為數層膜積層而成之積層膜。 1層熱可塑性樹脂膜之厚度宜為0.5~1200μm,較佳為3~500μm,更佳為5~200μm,6~50μm尤佳。 熱可塑性樹脂膜可利用例如下述方法製得:將熱可塑性樹脂(B)其本身或是含有熱可塑性樹脂(B)之樹脂組成物利用眾所周知之成形方法(例如吹脹成形法等擠製成形法)成形成膜狀。 熱可塑性樹脂(B)為熱可塑性液晶聚合物時,於利用擠製成形法成形成膜狀後可依所需進行延伸。延伸方法眾所周知,可採用雙軸延伸及單軸延伸中之任一者。從較容易控制分子定向度來看,以雙軸延伸為佳。又,延伸可使用眾所周知之單軸延伸機、同時雙軸延伸機及依序雙軸延伸機等。
(熱層積步驟) 熱層積步驟係一於已使氟樹脂膜與熱可塑性樹脂膜疊合之狀態(以下稱「初步積層物」)下一面進行加熱一面進行加壓以使該等貼合之步驟。初步積層物可更於熱可塑性樹脂膜之外側具有金屬箔。金屬箔可預先與熱可塑性樹脂膜積層而成為一體,亦可為另一個體。 熱層積步驟係使用具有將初步積層物進行加熱之機構與進行加壓之機構的裝置。可使用例如真空壓製裝置、雙帶式壓製(double belt pressing)裝置、熱輥層積裝置等。該等可使用眾所周知之裝置。 舉例來說,真空壓製裝置具有一真空室及一對用以加熱初步積層物同時進行加壓之熱板。雙帶式壓製裝置具有一對以上用以加熱初步積層物同時進行加壓的金屬帶。熱輥層積裝置則具有一對以上用以加熱初步積層物同時進行加壓之金屬輥。 從可對初步積層物於一定時間連續施加穩定壓力之觀點來看,以真空壓製裝置或雙帶式壓製裝置為佳。 於熱層積步驟中,構成初步積層物之氟樹脂膜及熱可塑性樹脂膜係被加熱至與將初步積層物進行加壓之機構的表面溫度相同之溫度(熱層積溫度)。
熱可塑性樹脂(B)之熔點高於氟樹脂(A)之熔點,且相差5℃以上,熱層積溫度為氟樹脂(A)之熔點以上且小於熱可塑性樹脂(B)之熔點。 藉由在氟樹脂(A)之熔點以上進行貼合,可獲得積層體中氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之良好的接著強度。藉由設為小於熱可塑性樹脂(B)之熔點,可獲得積層體中氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之良好的界面。 熱層積溫度宜較氟樹脂(A)之熔點高20℃以上,較佳為高30℃以上。熱層積溫度宜較熱可塑性樹脂(B)之熔點低3℃以上,較佳為低5℃以上。舉例來說,熱層積溫度宜為280℃~357℃,較佳為300℃~355℃,更佳為315℃~350℃。就本發明而言只要熱層積溫度在前述範圍內,即可獲得良好之接著強度而不易發生剝離。
熱層積壓力若過低的話接著強度就變得不充分,若過高則氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之界面便容易發生起伏等變形。 例如於真空壓製製程中,一對熱板間之壓力(熱層積壓力)宜為0.5~7MPa,較佳為1~6MPa,更佳為2~5MPa。 熱層積時間若過短的話接著強度就變得不足,若過長則會發生因官能基分解所致之接著不良及產生著色,且致生產性降低。 例如於真空壓製製程中,以一對熱板加壓之時間(熱層積時間)宜為30秒以上,較佳為120秒以上,180秒以上尤佳。 積層體中氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之界面的接著強度宜為10N/cm以上,較佳為12N/cm以上,更佳為14N/cm以上。
於熱層積步驟中,可令初步積層物和與該初步積層物接觸之加壓機構之間中介保護材料。保護材料只要為可耐熱層積時之加熱溫度者則並無特別限定,可舉耐熱性塑膠膜(非熱可塑性聚醯亞胺膜等)及金屬箔(銅箔、鋁箔及SUS箔等)等。從耐熱性及再利用性等之平衡優異之觀點來看,以非熱可塑性聚醯亞胺膜為佳。 非熱可塑性聚醯亞胺膜之厚度宜為75μm以上。非熱可塑性聚醯亞胺膜之厚度若薄的話,恐有無法充分發揮熱層積時之緩衝及保護之作用的疑虞。 保護材料可為單層結構亦可為2層以上之多層結構。
(後步驟) 在熱層積步驟中於積層體上產生有翹曲時,可設一矯正積層體翹曲之步驟。 矯正積層體翹曲可藉由於100℃以上且小於250℃(宜為150℃以上且小於250℃,較佳為180℃以上且小於250℃)之溫度下對積層體施行加熱處理來進行。
又,為了提升積層體之焊鐵耐熱性,可藉由對積層體施行加熱處理使氟樹脂(A)之熔流速率降低。加熱處理之溫度宜為370℃以上,較佳為380℃以上。
又,可於氮、氬等惰性氣體環境等氧濃度低之環境下或是於減壓甚至真空下,以氟樹脂(A)之熔點以上對積層體施行熱處理,藉此提升使後述可撓性印刷基板通過焊料回流製程和其他熱處理製程(裝上覆蓋層等)時之尺寸穩定性。熱處理條件宜為於(氟樹脂(A)之熔點+10℃以上且120℃以下)5秒~48小時,較佳為於(氟樹脂(A)之熔點+30℃以上且100℃以下)30秒~36小時,更佳為於(氟樹脂(A)之熔點+40℃以上且80℃以下)1分~24小時。又,透過本熱處理,氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂膜之接著強度會提升。施行本熱處理時,即便將熱層積步驟中之熱層積壓力減低亦可製得該界面之接著強度夠高之積層體。另外,熱層積壓力過高的話雖會有積層體甚或後述之可撓性印刷基板之尺寸穩定性變差之傾向,但進行本熱處理時可降低熱層積壓力使尺寸穩定性提升。
依據本發明,可藉由使用具特定官能基(I)且溶流速率在前述特定範圍內之氟樹脂膜,並將其於特定溫度下與熱可塑性樹脂膜進行熱層積,而獲得充分之接著強度。其理由雖然尚不明確,但吾人認為,氟樹脂膜之熔流速率在前述範圍之下限值以上的話,於熱層積時可確保熔融流動性,且熱可塑性樹脂膜與具官能基(I)之氟樹脂會充分接觸並且發生反應而可獲得強大接著強度。又認為,若氟樹脂膜之熔流速率在前述範圍之上限值以下的話,分子量不會過小而具適當之大小,且因氟樹脂間之纏結等而大為產生交互作用,結果便可充分獲得熱可塑性樹脂膜與氟樹脂膜之接著強度。
<印刷基板> 本發明之印刷基板具有圖案電路,其係以蝕刻去除本發明積層體之金屬箔層不必要之部分而形成。 即,本發明之印刷基板係一於氟樹脂層之至少一面積層有熱可塑性樹脂、且於該熱可塑性樹脂之與氟樹脂層接觸之面相反側之面上具有圖案電路的印刷基板。 本發明之印刷基板可安裝有各種經微型化及高密度化之零件。 實施例
以下,藉由實施例具體說明本發明,惟本發明不受該等限定解釋。 [測定方法] (共聚組成) 氟樹脂(A)之共聚組成可藉由熔融NMR分析、氟含量分析及紅外線吸收光譜分析求得。
(官能基(I)之含量) 藉由下述紅外線吸收光譜分析求得氟樹脂(A)中源自具官能基(I)之NAH之構成單元的比率。 將氟樹脂(A)加壓成形而獲得厚度200μm之薄膜。於紅外線吸收光譜中,氟樹脂(A)中源自NAH之構成單元的吸收峰係出現在1778cm-1 。測定該吸收峰的吸光度並使用NAH之莫耳吸光係數20810mol-1 ・l・cm-1 ,而求得源自NAH之構成單元的比率(莫耳%)。 令前述比率為a(莫耳%)的話,便可算出相對於主鏈碳數1×106 個,官能基(I)(酸酐基)之個數為[a×106 /100]個。
(熔點) 使用示差掃描熱量計(DSC裝置,Seiko Instruments Inc.製),記錄已將樹脂於10℃/分之速度下升溫時之熔解波峰,並以與極大值相對應的溫度(℃)為熔點。 (熔流速率) 使用熔融指數量測儀 (Melt Indexer)(Technol Seven Co.,Ltd.製),測出於372℃且負載49N之條件下從直徑2mm且長度8mm之噴嘴流出10分鐘之氟樹脂(A)的質量(g)。
(接著強度) 按以下方法測出氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂之界面的接著強度。 將積層體切斷成為長150mm且寬10mm的長方形並將其作為評價試樣。從評價試樣之長度方向之一端起,將熱可塑性樹脂層與氟樹脂層之間予以剝離至50mm之位置為止。接著,使用拉伸試驗機,以拉伸速度50mm/分且形成90度之方式進行剝離,並以最大負載為接著強度(N/cm)。 積層體中存在有數個氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之界面時,則於任一界面將熱可塑性樹脂層與氟樹脂層之間剝離並進行測定。
[製造例1:氟樹脂(A-1)之製造] 作為形成單體單元(u2)之單體是準備了NAH(納迪克酸酐,日立化成公司製),而作為形成單體單元(u3)之單體則準備了PPVE(CF2 =CFO(CF2 )3 F,全氟丙基乙烯基醚,旭硝子公司製)。 將(全氟丁醯基)過氧化物以0.36質量%之濃度溶解於1,3-二氯-1,1,2,2,3-五氟丙烷(AK225cb,旭硝子公司製)中而調製出聚合引發劑溶液。 將NAH以0.3質量%之濃度溶解於AK225cb中而調製出NAH溶液。
將369kg之AK225cb、30kg之PPVE及0.36kg之甲醇裝入已預先脫氣之內容積430L之附攪拌機的聚合槽內。將聚合槽內加熱升溫至50℃並進一步裝入50kg之TFE後,將聚合槽內之壓力升壓至0.89MPa[gage]。 以6.25mL/分之速度將聚合引發劑溶液3L連續添加於聚合槽中同時進行聚合。又,連續放入TFE以使於聚合反應中聚合槽內之壓力保持在0.89MPa[gage]。又,將NAH溶液以相對於聚合中放入的TFE之莫耳數相當於0.1莫耳%的量逐次連續放入。 聚合開始超過8小時後,在已放入32kg之TFE之時間點,將聚合槽內之溫度降溫至室溫且同時使壓力降壓至常壓。將所得漿料與AK225cb固液分離之後,於150℃下乾燥15小時,藉此製得33kg之氟樹脂(A-1)。
[製造例2:氟樹脂(A-2)之製造] 除了將製造例1中甲醇之給料量變更成0.56kg以外,係依與製造例1同樣方式製得33kg之氟樹脂(A-2)。
[製造例3:氟樹脂(A-3)之製造] 除了將製造例1中甲醇之給料量變更成0.64kg以外,係依與製造例1同樣方式製得33kg之氟樹脂(A-3)。
[氟樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)之物理性質] 氟樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)之比重皆為2.15。 氟樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)之共聚組成皆為:以TFE為主體之單體單元/以NAH為主體之單體單元/以PPVE為主體之單體單元=97.9/0.1/2.0(莫耳%)。 氟樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)之熔點皆為305℃。 氟樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)之熔流速率分別為11.0g/10分、29.0g/10分及40.0g/10分。 氟樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)之官能基(I)(酸酐基)含量皆係相對於氟樹脂之主鏈碳數1×106 個為1000個。
[製造例4:氟樹脂膜(1)之製造] 使用具有750mm寬之衣架型模具(coat hanger die)的30mmφ單軸擠製機,在模具溫度340℃下將製造例1所得氟樹脂(A-1)擠製成形而製得厚度50μm之氟樹脂膜(1)。 [製造例5:氟樹脂膜(2)之製造] 除了使用製造例2所得氟樹脂(A-2)以外,係依與製造例4同樣方式而製得厚度50μm之氟樹脂膜(2)。 [製造例6:氟樹脂膜(3)之製造] 除了使用製造例3所得氟樹脂(A-3)以外,係依與製造例4同樣方式而製得厚度50μm之氟樹脂膜(3)。
[例1~5:積層體之製造] 以表1所示之條件製出圖2所示構成之積層體。例1~3為實施例。例4及5則為比較例。氟樹脂膜係使用製造例4~6所得之氟樹脂膜(1)~(3)。 熱可塑性樹脂係使用厚度50μm之熱可塑性液晶聚合物膜(1)(VECSTAR(Kuraray Co.,Ltd.製,商品名),熔點340℃)。 金屬箔係使用厚度12μm之電解銅箔(福田金屬箔粉公司製,CF-T4X-SVR-12,Rz:1.2μm)。 積層體之製造係使用真空壓製裝置進行。具體來說係於從上依序疊合有金屬箔、熱可塑性樹脂膜、氟樹脂膜、熱可塑性樹脂膜及金屬箔之狀態下,以表1所示之溫度及壓力加壓加熱600秒而製得積層體。
(評價) 針對各例所得之積層體測出氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之界面的接著強度。並將結果示於表1。又,以目視觀察各積層體之氟樹脂層與熱可塑性樹脂層之界面的外觀,得知例1~5之界面皆平坦,且外觀良好。
[表1]
Figure 02_image001
如表1所示,使用了具官能基(I)且熔流速率在本發明範圍內之氟樹脂膜(1)作為與熱可塑性樹脂膜貼合之氟樹脂膜的例1~3,獲得了充分之接著強度。 產業上之可利用性
以本發明之積層體之製造方法製得之積層體,可有效用於製造要求高度電可靠性之可撓性印刷基板。 另外,在此引用已於2016年4月11日提出申請之日本專利申請案2016-78950號之說明書、申請專利範圍、圖式及摘要之全部內容,並將其納入作為本發明之說明書之揭示。
10‧‧‧積層體 12‧‧‧氟樹脂層 14‧‧‧熱可塑性樹脂層 16‧‧‧金屬箔層
圖1係顯示本發明之積層體之一例的示意截面圖。 圖2係顯示本發明之積層體之另一例的示意截面圖。
10‧‧‧積層體
12‧‧‧氟樹脂層
14‧‧‧熱可塑性樹脂層
16‧‧‧金屬箔層

Claims (15)

  1. 一種積層體,係於含有氟樹脂之氟樹脂層之至少一面直接積層有含有熱可塑性樹脂的熱可塑性樹脂層,其中前述氟樹脂具有選自於由含羰基之基、羥基、環氧基及異氰酸酯基所構成群組中之至少1種官能基且於負載49N且372℃下之熔流速率為0.5~30g/10分,前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點較前述氟樹脂高5℃以上,其中前述氟樹脂之熔點為250~320℃。
  2. 如請求項1之積層體,其中前述熱可塑性樹脂為熱可塑性液晶聚合物。
  3. 如請求項2之積層體,其中前述熱可塑性液晶聚合物係選自於由熱可塑性液晶聚酯、於該熱可塑性液晶聚酯中導入有醯胺鍵之熱可塑性液晶聚酯醯胺及下述聚合物所構成之群組,該聚合物係於芳香族聚酯或芳香族聚酯醯胺中導入有醯亞胺鍵、碳酸酯鍵、碳二亞胺鍵或源自異氰酸酯之鍵者。
  4. 如請求項1或2之積層體,其中前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點低於360℃。
  5. 如請求項1或2之積層體,其中前述氟樹脂為具下述官能基之含氟聚合物,該官能基源自選自於由製造聚合物時所用之單體、鏈轉移劑及聚合引發劑所構成群組中之至少1種。
  6. 如請求項1或2之積層體,其中前述氟樹脂具有以四氟乙烯為主體之單體單元、以具酸酐基之環烴 單體為主體之單體單元、及以含氟單體(惟,四氟乙烯除外)為主體之單體單元。
  7. 如請求項1或2之積層體,其於前述熱可塑性樹脂層之與前述氟樹脂層接觸之面的相反側之面上具有金屬箔層。
  8. 一種印刷基板,具有如請求項7之積層體,且前述金屬箔層為圖案電路。
  9. 一種積層體之製造方法,具有一熱層積步驟,係將含有氟樹脂之氟樹脂膜及含有熱可塑性樹脂之熱可塑性樹脂膜在前述氟樹脂之熔點以上且小於前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點的溫度下進行熱層積,其中前述氟樹脂具有選自於由含羰基之基、羥基、環氧基及異氰酸酯基所構成群組中之至少1種官能基且於負載49N且372℃下之熔流速率為0.5~30g/10分,前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點較前述氟樹脂高5℃以上。
  10. 如請求項9之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱可塑性樹脂為熱可塑性液晶聚合物。
  11. 如請求項9或10之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱層積溫度係較前述氟樹脂之熔點高20℃以上且較前述熱可塑性樹脂之熔點低3℃以上。
  12. 如請求項9或10之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱層積溫度為280~357℃。
  13. 如請求項9或10之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱層積壓力為0.5~7MPa。
  14. 如請求項10之積層體之製造方法,其中前述熱可塑性液晶聚合物係選自於由熱可塑性液晶聚酯、於該熱可塑性液晶聚酯中導入有醯胺鍵之熱可塑性液晶聚酯醯胺及下述聚合物所構成之群組,該聚合物係於芳香族聚酯或芳香族聚酯醯胺中導入有醯亞胺鍵、碳酸酯鍵、碳二亞胺鍵或源自異氰酸酯之鍵者。
  15. 如請求項9或10之積層體之製造方法,其中前述氟樹脂具有以四氟乙烯為主體之單體單元、以具酸酐基之環烴單體為主體之單體單元、及以含氟單體(惟,四氟乙烯除外)為主體之單體單元。
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