TWI652743B - 半導體晶片的封裝裝置以及半導體裝置的製造方法 - Google Patents
半導體晶片的封裝裝置以及半導體裝置的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI652743B TWI652743B TW106134132A TW106134132A TWI652743B TW I652743 B TWI652743 B TW I652743B TW 106134132 A TW106134132 A TW 106134132A TW 106134132 A TW106134132 A TW 106134132A TW I652743 B TWI652743 B TW I652743B
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Abstract
本發明提供一種封裝裝置,即使積層數多,亦能夠適當地封裝多個半導體晶片。將2個以上的半導體晶片積層於基板上的多個部位而進行封裝的封裝裝置包括:平台,支持所述基板;接合部,一面對所述多個半導體晶片及所述基板進行加熱,一面將多個半導體晶片積層於所述基板而進行封裝;以及隔熱構件,為介於所述平台與所述基板之間的隔熱構件,且具有第一層與第二層,該第一層與所述基板接觸,經由所述半導體晶片及所述基板而被所述接合部施加熱,該第二層設置於較所述第一層更靠所述平台側,所述第一層的熱阻大於所述第二層的熱阻。
Description
本發明是有關於一種將2個以上的半導體晶片積層於基板上的多個部位而進行封裝的封裝裝置以及製造半導體裝置的製造方法。
一直以來,需要使半導體裝置的功能更高、更小型。因此,已部分地提出了積層多個半導體晶片而進行封裝。通常,於半導體晶片的單面設置有凸塊(bump)、與覆蓋該凸塊的非導電性膜(以下稱為「NCF」)。NCF包含熱固性樹脂,且於不足規定的固化開始溫度的情況下,會隨著溫度上升而可逆地軟化,但若超過固化開始溫度,則會隨著溫度上升而不可逆地固化。為了積層封裝該半導體晶片,已提出一面暫時壓接多個半導體晶片,一面進行積層而形成暫時積層體,然後,對該暫時積層體進行加熱加壓而進行正式壓接。以下,將正式壓接後的積層體稱為「晶片積層體」,與僅經過暫時壓接的暫時積層體加以區分。於暫時壓接中,以使NCF軟化的溫度來對半導體晶片進行加熱加壓。而且,於正式壓接中,以使全部的構成暫時積層體的多個半導體晶片的凸塊熔融且使NCF固化的溫度,對暫時積層體進行加熱加壓。
此種積層技術例如已揭示於專利文獻1。於該專利文獻
1中,預先將熱固性黏接劑膜積層於半導體晶片中的凸塊形成面。
於進行積層封裝時,首先,一面將多個半導體晶片依序暫時壓接於基板或其他半導體晶片上,一面進行積層,形成多段暫時壓接積層體(暫時積層體)。其次,執行正式壓接步驟,即,從上側對該多段暫時壓接積層體進行加壓且進行加熱,藉此,使凸塊熔融,並且使熱固性黏接劑膜固化。根據此種技術,能夠於小面積中封裝更多的半導體晶片,因此,能夠使功能更高、更小型。
[現有技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2014-60241號公報
此處,當然為了使功能更高、更小型,只要增加半導體晶片的積層數(以下稱為「目標層數」)即可。然而,在對暫時積層體的上表面進行加熱加壓,一併對構成該暫時積層體的多個半導體晶片進行正式壓接的技術的情況下,若目標層數增加,則上層與下層之間的溫度差dT會相應地增加。該溫度差dT會導致晶片間距離的不均。而且,若溫度差dT過大,則會產生如下問題:下層的半導體晶片無法充分地被加熱,凸塊不會充分熔融,或NCF不會充分固化。
藉由亦從下側對暫時積層體進行加熱,即亦對載置有基板的平台進行加熱,可稍微改善所述問題。然而,於該情況下,
實際進行正式壓接的積層體以外的積層體亦會被加熱。此時,於實際進行正式壓接的積層體以外的積層體為正式壓接前的暫時積層體的情況下,有可能會因來自平台的熱而導致NCF不可逆地固化等。即,為了減小正式壓接時所產生的溫度差dT,以高溫對平台進行加熱的方法並不現實。
因此,本發明的目的在於提供即使積層數多,亦能夠適當地封裝多個半導體晶片的封裝裝置以及半導體裝置的製造方法。
本發明的封裝裝置是將2個以上的半導體晶片積層於基板上的多個部位而進行封裝的封裝裝置,其特徵在於包括:平台,支持所述基板;接合部,一面對所述多個半導體晶片及所述基板進行加熱,一面將多個半導體晶片積層於所述基板而進行封裝;以及隔熱構件,為介於所述平台與所述基板之間的隔熱構件,且具有第一層與第二層,該第一層與所述基板接觸,經由所述半導體晶片及所述基板而被所述接合部施加熱,該第二層設置於較所述第一層更靠所述平台側,所述第一層的熱阻大於所述第二層的熱阻。
於較佳形態中,所述第二層的剛性高於所述第一層的剛性。於其他的較佳形態中,所述第一層的朝向面方向的熱阻大於所述第二層的朝向面方向的熱阻。
於其他的較佳形態中,所述接合部將如下處理反覆進行
2次以上,所述處理是指在形成2個以上的暫時積層體之後,一面對1個以上的暫時積層體的上表面進行加壓,一面進行加熱,藉此,一併對構成所述暫時積層體的所述多個晶片進行正式壓接,所述暫時積層體是一面對所述多個晶片進行暫時壓接,一面將所述多個晶片積層於所述基板上而成的積層體。
於其他的較佳形態中,所述第一層包含有機物、或者於所述基板側的表面形成有槽或層內形成有多個細孔的加工物,所述第二層包含非金屬無機材料。於該情況下,所述第一層較理想為於所述基板側的面,以與積層有所述多個晶片的晶片積層體的配置間距相同的間距形成有格子狀的槽的加工物。
其他的本發明即半導體裝置的製造方法的特徵在於包括:暫時壓接步驟,形成2個以上的暫時積層體,所述暫時積層體是利用接合部,一面將多個晶片暫時壓接於隔熱構件上所配置的基板上,一面進行積層而成;以及正式壓接步驟,將如下處理反覆進行2次以上,所述處理是指利用所述接合部,一面對1個以上的暫時積層體的上表面進行加壓,一面進行加熱,藉此,一併對構成所述暫時積層體的所述多個晶片進行正式壓接,所述隔熱構件具有:第一層,與所述基板接觸,經由所述半導體晶片及所述基板而被所述接合部施加熱;以及第二層,設置於較所述第一層更靠所述平台側,所述第一層的熱阻大於所述第二層的熱阻。
根據本發明,於基板與平台之間設置有隔熱構件,進
而,隔熱構件中的與基板接觸的第一層的熱阻大於第二層的熱阻,因此,正式壓接時的熱不易向外部流出。結果是能夠減小積層有半導體晶片的晶片積層體的上層與下層之間的溫度差,即使積層數多,亦能夠適當地封裝多個半導體晶片。
10‧‧‧半導體晶片
14、16、32‧‧‧電極端子
18‧‧‧凸塊
20‧‧‧NCF
30‧‧‧基板
34‧‧‧配置區域
50‧‧‧第一層
52‧‧‧第二層
54‧‧‧細孔
56‧‧‧槽
100‧‧‧封裝裝置
102‧‧‧晶片供給單元
104‧‧‧晶片搬送單元
106‧‧‧接合單元
110‧‧‧頂起部
114‧‧‧晶片拾取器
116‧‧‧移送頭
118‧‧‧旋轉台
120‧‧‧平台
122‧‧‧接合部
124‧‧‧封裝頭
126‧‧‧隔熱構件
130‧‧‧控制部
132‧‧‧暫時壓接部
136‧‧‧正式壓接部
138‧‧‧記憶部
A、B、C‧‧‧區域
A’、B’、C’、D、E、F、G‧‧‧箭頭
dT‧‧‧溫度差
F1‧‧‧第一負載
F2‧‧‧第二負載
P‧‧‧配置間距
Ra、Rb‧‧‧旋轉軸
STc‧‧‧晶片積層體
STt‧‧‧暫時積層體
TE‧‧‧切割膠帶
T1‧‧‧第一溫度
T2‧‧‧第二溫度
T3‧‧‧第三溫度
圖1是本發明的實施形態即封裝裝置的概略構成圖。
圖2是作為基板而發揮功能的半導體晶圓的概略立體圖。
圖3是表示被封裝的半導體晶片的構成的圖。
圖4是表示半導體裝置的構成的圖。
圖5(a)~圖5(c)是表示半導體裝置的製造流程的圖。
圖6(a)~圖6(b)是表示半導體裝置的製造流程的圖。
圖7(a)~圖7(b)是表示其他隔熱構件的構成的一例的圖。
圖8是表示正式壓接時的熱的流動的概念圖。
圖9是表示以往構成中的正式壓接時的熱的流動的概念圖。
圖10是表示隔熱構件的熱阻與溫度差之間的關係的實驗結果。
以下,參照圖式來對本發明的實施形態進行說明。圖1是本發明的實施形態即封裝裝置100的概略構成圖。該封裝裝置100為將半導體晶片10封裝於基板30上的裝置。該封裝裝置100的構成尤其適合於積層多個半導體晶片10而進行封裝的情況。再
者,於以下的說明中,將積層多個半導體晶片10而成的積層體中的構成積層體的多個半導體晶片10為暫時壓接狀態的積層體稱為「暫時積層體STt」,將多個半導體晶片10為正式壓接狀態的積層體稱為「晶片積層體STc」而加以區分。
封裝裝置100包括晶片供給單元102、晶片搬送單元104、接合單元106及對這些部分的驅動進行控制的控制部130。
晶片供給單元102為從晶片供給源取出半導體晶片10,將該半導體晶片10供給至晶片搬送單元104的部位。該晶片供給單元102包括頂起部110、晶片拾取器(die picker)114及移送頭116。
於晶片供給單元102中,多個半導體晶片10載置於切割膠帶(dicing tape)TE上。此時,半導體晶片10是以凸塊18朝向上側的面朝上狀態被載置。頂起部110從所述多個半導體晶片10中,僅將一個半導體晶片10以面朝上狀態向上方頂起。晶片拾取器114利用其下端來吸附保持由頂起部110頂起的半導體晶片10,從而接受該半導體晶片10。接受了半導體晶片10的晶片拾取器114以使該半導體晶片10的凸塊18朝向下方的方式,即以使半導體晶片10成為面朝下狀態的方式,當場旋轉180度。
若成為該狀態,則移送頭116會從晶片拾取器114接受半導體晶片10。
移送頭116能夠沿著上下方向及水平方向移動,且能夠利用其下端來吸附保持半導體晶片10。若晶片拾取器114旋轉180度,半導體晶片10成為面朝下狀態,則移送頭116會利用其下端
來吸附保持該半導體晶片10。然後,移送頭116沿著水平方向及上下方向移動,向晶片搬送單元104移動。
晶片搬送單元104具有以鉛垂的旋轉軸Ra為中心而旋轉的旋轉台118。移送頭116將半導體晶片10載置於旋轉台118的規定位置。載置有半導體晶片10的旋轉台118以旋轉軸Ra為中心而旋轉,藉此,將該半導體晶片10搬送至位於晶片供給單元102的相反側的接合單元106。
接合單元106包括對基板30進行支持的平台120或將半導體晶片10安裝於基板30的接合部122等。平台120能夠沿著水平方向移動,對所載置的基板30與封裝頭124之間的相對位置關係進行調整。而且,該平台120中內置有加熱器,該加熱器從下側對半導體晶片10進行加熱。而且,於本實施形態中,在該平台120與基板30之間設置有隔熱構件126。該隔熱構件126的構成及作用將於後文中詳述。
接合部122為將多個半導體晶片10積層於基板30而進行封裝的裝置,其包括封裝頭124等。封裝頭124能夠於其下端保持半導體晶片10,而且,能夠圍繞鉛垂的旋轉軸Rb旋轉與升降。該封裝頭124將半導體晶片10壓接於基板30或其他半導體晶片10上。具體而言,封裝頭124下降,以將所保持的半導體晶片10按壓至基板30等,藉此,對半導體晶片10進行暫時壓接或正式壓接。該封裝頭124中內置有溫度可變的加熱器(未圖示),封裝頭124於執行暫時壓接時,被加熱至後述的第一溫度T1,於
執行正式壓接時,被加熱至較第一溫度T1更高的第二溫度T2。
而且,封裝頭124於執行暫時壓接時,將第一負載F1附加至半導體晶片10,於執行正式壓接時,將第二負載F2附加至半導體晶片10。
於封裝頭124的附近設置有相機(未圖示)。於基板30及半導體晶片10分別標識有作為定位基準的對準標記(alignment mark)。相機是以映出該對準標記的方式來拍攝基板30及半導體晶片10。控制部130基於藉由該拍攝而獲得的圖像資料來掌握基板30及半導體晶片10的相對位置關係,且根據需要,對封裝頭124的圍繞旋轉軸Rb的旋轉角度及平台120的水平位置進行調整。
控制部130對各部分的驅動進行控制,其例如包括進行各種運算的中央處理單元(Central Processing Unit,CPU)、與記憶各種資料或程式的記憶部138。該控制部130從記憶部138讀取程式,藉此,作為暫時壓接部132、正式壓接部136而發揮功能。
暫時壓接部132驅動接合部122,一面依序暫時壓接2個以上的半導體晶片,一面進行積層,形成暫時積層體STt。正式壓接部136驅動接合部122,對所形成的暫時積層體STt的上表面進行加熱加壓,藉此,一併對構成各暫時積層體STt的1個以上的半導體晶片進行正式壓接。
再者,此處所說明的封裝裝置100的構成為一例,亦可適當變更。例如,於本實施形態中,利用一個封裝頭124來進行暫時壓接及正式壓接該兩者,但亦可設置暫時壓接用的封裝頭、
與正式壓接用的封裝頭。而且,於本實施形態中,採用了由平台120進行水平移動的構成,但亦可採用如下構成,即,代替平台120,或除了平台120之外,封裝頭124亦進行水平移動。而且,晶片供給單元102或晶片搬送單元104等的構成亦可適當變更。
其次,說明該封裝裝置100對於半導體晶片10的封裝方法,即半導體裝置的製造方法。於本實施形態中,使用半導體晶圓作為基板30,將多個半導體晶片10積層封裝於該半導體晶圓(基板30)上。因此,本實施形態的封裝製程為將半導體晶片10積層封裝於半導體晶圓的電路形成面的「晶圓上晶片製程(chip on wafer process)」。圖2是本實施形態中所使用的基板30(半導體晶圓)的概略概念圖。半導體晶圓即基板30主要包含矽,與包含樹脂或玻璃的一般的電路基板相比較,熱傳導率高。於該情況下,可顯著表現出本實施形態的有用性,但對於針對樹脂或玻璃的封裝而言,亦同樣可獲得後述的效果。如圖2所示,於基板30設置有呈格子狀排列的多個配置區域34。於各配置區域34積層封裝多個半導體晶片10。配置區域34是以規定的配置間距P配設。根據作為封裝對象的半導體晶片10的尺寸等,適當設定該配置間距P的值。而且,於本實施形態中,配置區域34設為大致正方形,但亦可適當設為其他形狀,例如大致長方形。
其次,簡單說明半導體晶片10的構成。圖3是表示被封裝的半導體晶片10的概略構成的圖。於半導體晶片10的上下表面形成有電極端子14、16。而且,於半導體晶片10的單面,與
電極端子14相連地形成有凸塊18。凸塊18包含導電性金屬,且會因規定的熔融溫度Tm而熔融。
而且,於半導體晶片10的單面,以覆蓋凸塊18的方式貼附有非導電性膜(以下稱為「NCF」)20。NCF 20作為對半導體晶片10與基板30或其他半導體晶片10進行黏接的黏接劑而發揮功能,且包含非導電性的熱固性樹脂例如聚醯亞胺樹脂、環氧樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、苯氧基樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂等。該NCF 20的厚度大於凸塊18的平均高度,藉由該NCF 20大致完全覆蓋凸塊18。
NCF 20於常溫下為固體膜,但若超過規定的軟化開始溫度Ts,則會逐步可逆地軟化而顯現出流動性,若超過規定的固化開始溫度Tt,則會不可逆地開始固化。
此處,軟化開始溫度Ts低於凸塊18的熔融溫度Tm及固化開始溫度Tt。暫時壓接用的第一溫度T1高於該軟化開始溫度Ts,且低於熔融溫度Tm及固化開始溫度Tt。而且,正式壓接用的第二溫度T2高於熔融溫度Tm及固化開始溫度Tt。即,Ts<T1<(Tm、Tt)<T2。
當將半導體晶片10暫時壓接於基板30或下側的半導體晶片10(以下稱為「被壓接體」)時,在將封裝頭124加熱至第一溫度T1之後,對半導體晶片10加壓。此時,半導體晶片10的NCF 20藉由來自封裝頭124的導熱而被加熱至第一溫度T1附近,軟化且具有流動性。於是,藉此,NCF 20流入至半導體晶片10與被壓接體之間的間隙,從而能夠確實地填埋該間隙。
當將半導體晶片10正式壓接於被壓接體時,在將封裝頭124加熱至第二溫度T2之後,對半導體晶片10加壓。此時,半導體晶片10的凸塊18及NCF 20藉由來自封裝頭124的導熱而被加熱至第二溫度T2附近。藉此,凸塊18熔融,能夠熔接於相對向的被壓接體。而且,藉由該加熱,NCF 20於填埋半導體晶片10與被壓接體之間的間隙的狀態下固化,因此,半導體晶片10與被壓接體牢固地被固定。
其次,說明對半導體晶片10進行積層封裝而製造的半導體裝置。圖4是表示將多個半導體晶片10積層封裝於基板30而成的半導體裝置的構成的圖。半導體裝置於多個配置區域34分別配置有晶片積層體STc,該晶片積層體STc積層封裝有目標積層數的半導體晶片10。於本實施形態中,將目標積層數設為「4」,於一個配置區域34封裝有包含4個半導體晶片10的晶片積層體STc。
一面依序暫時壓接目標積層數的半導體晶片10,一面進行積層,藉此,形成暫時積層體STt。而且,從上表面對暫時積層體STt進行加熱加壓,一併對構成該暫時積層體STt的多個半導體晶片10進行正式壓接,藉此,形成晶片積層體STc。此處,作為形成多個此種晶片積層體STc的方式,已存在被稱為集中接合(collective bonding)的方式。集中接合為如下方式,其於形成多個暫時積層體STt之後,依序對各暫時積層體STt的上表面進行加熱加壓,一併對構成該暫時積層體STt的多個半導體晶片10進
行正式壓接。根據該集中接合,於連續執行暫時壓接之後,連續執行正式壓接。因此,與在完成一個晶片積層體STc之後(正式壓接完成之後),完成下一個暫時積層體STt的方式相比較,能夠大幅度減少封裝頭124的溫度的切換次數等。藉由減少溫度的切換次數,能夠減少用以使封裝頭124升降溫的待機時間,從而能夠減少封裝處理整體的處理時間。因此,於本實施形態中,亦利用集中接合方式來形成多個晶片積層體STc。
以下,對本實施形態中的半導體裝置的製造流程進行說明。圖5(a)~圖5(c)、圖6(a)~圖6(b)是表示半導體裝置的製造流程的概念圖。於圖5(a)~圖5(c)、圖6(a)~圖6(b)中,圖示有三個配置區域34,但為了便於說明,將這些配置區域34從左側依序稱為區域A、區域B、區域C。再者,以下所說明的製造順序可於常壓下進行,亦可為了防止氣泡的夾雜等而於真空中實施。
於本實施形態中,為了製造多個晶片積層體STc(半導體裝置),於形成2個以上的暫時積層體STt之後,依序對各暫時積層體STt的上表面進行加熱加壓而進行正式壓接。若具體地進行說明,則於製造半導體裝置時,平台120總是藉由加熱器加熱至較NCF 20的固化開始溫度Tt及凸塊18的熔融溫度Tm更低的第三溫度T3。於該狀態下,首先,最初如圖5(a)所示,使用封裝頭124將半導體晶片10配置於基板30上的區域A。此時,以使半導體晶片10的凸塊18與基板30上的電極端子32相向的方
式,相對於半導體晶片10對基板30進行定位。此時,封裝頭124已被加熱至暫時壓接用的溫度即第一溫度T1。然後,利用封裝頭124,以規定的第一負載F1對半導體晶片10加壓,將半導體晶片10暫時壓接於基板30。此時,藉由來自封裝頭124的導熱,NCF 20被加熱至軟化開始溫度Ts以上而顯現出適度的流動性。藉此,NCF 20無間隙地填埋半導體晶片10與基板30之間的間隙。再者,第一負載F1只要為使凸塊18能夠推開已軟化的NCF 20而與基板30的電極端子32接觸,且凸塊18不會大幅度變形的程度的大小,則並無特別限定。
對第一層的半導體晶片10完成了暫時壓接之後,接著,進而將第二層的半導體晶片10暫時壓接於該經過暫時壓接的第一層的半導體晶片10上。當對第二層的半導體晶片10進行暫時壓接時,與第一層的情況同樣地,使用封裝頭124,以使第二層的半導體晶片10的凸塊18與第一層的半導體晶片10的電極端子16相向的方式,將第二層的半導體晶片10配置於第一層的半導體晶片10上。接著,於該狀態下,以第一溫度T1對第二層的半導體晶片10進行加熱,且以第一負載F1進行加壓,將該第二層的半導體晶片10暫時壓接於第一層的半導體晶片10。
以後,同樣地,逐步將第三層的半導體晶片10暫時壓接於第二層的半導體晶片10上,將第四層的半導體晶片10暫時壓接於第三層的半導體晶片10上。圖5(b)表示在區域A中,一面對4層的半導體晶片10進行暫時壓接,一面進行積層的情
況。積層有該4個半導體晶片10的積層體成為暫時積層體STt。
於區域A中形成了暫時積層體STt之後,依照同樣的順序,亦於其他配置區域34中形成暫時積層體STt。圖5(c)表示在全部的配置區域34(區域A、區域B、區域C)中形成有暫時積層體STt的情況。
於形成了多個暫時積層體STt之後,接著,依序對所形成的暫時積層體STt進行正式壓接。具體而言,如圖6(a)所示,首先,將封裝頭124加熱至正式壓接用的溫度即第二溫度T2。接著,使用已加熱至第二溫度T2的封裝頭124,以第二負載F2對暫時積層體STt加壓,一併對四個半導體晶片10進行正式壓接。
再者,第二負載F2只要適當確保對於凸塊18的推壓量,則並無特別限定。
因受到已加熱至第二溫度T2的封裝頭124按壓,構成暫時積層體STt的四個半導體晶片10亦被加熱。因各半導體晶片10超過固化開始溫度Tt地被加熱,半導體晶片10的NCF 20逐步固化。接著,因NCF 20固化,半導體晶片10與被壓接體(基板30或下側的半導體晶片10)機械性牢固地被固定。而且,因超過熔融溫度Tm地被加熱,凸塊18熔融,能夠密著於相對向的電極端子32、16。於是,藉此,形成由四個半導體晶片10及基板30彼此電性接合而成的晶片積層體STc。
對一個暫時積層體STt進行了正式壓接之後,接著,亦對其他暫時積層體STt進行正式壓接。即,於區域B、區域C等2
個以上的全部的配置區域34中依序執行正式壓接。而且,如圖6(b)所示,對所形成的全部的暫時積層體STt進行了正式壓接之後,半導體裝置的製造處理結束。
如以上的說明所述,本實施形態為集中接合方式,即,於2個以上的配置區域34中連續形成暫時積層體STt之後,依序對各暫時積層體STt進行正式壓接。因此,能夠減少封裝頭124的溫度的切換次數,能夠減少用於升溫或降溫的待機時間,從而能夠大幅度減少封裝處理整體的時間。
然而,在欲如本實施形態般,一併對積層後的多個半導體晶片10進行正式壓接的情況下,上層與下層之間的溫度差dT成為問題。若該溫度差dT大,則各層的晶片間距離有可能會產生不均。而且,若溫度差dT過大,且下層的加熱溫度降低,則NCF 20不會適當地固化或凸塊18不會適當地熔融,封裝的可靠性亦有可能會下降。為了減小該溫度差dT,於本實施形態中,在平台120與基板30之間設置有隔熱構件126。
隔熱構件126為雙層構造,其具有與基板30接觸的第一層50、及設置於較該第一層50更靠平台120側的第二層52(參照圖1)。第一層50為鄰接於基板30且與該基板30接觸的層。第二層52為設置於較第一層50更靠平台120側的層。而且,第一層50的熱阻大於第二層52的熱阻。而且,通常,平台120亦包含熱阻較高的材質(例如陶瓷等),但較理想為第一層50及第二層52的熱阻大於該平台120的熱阻。
作為該第一層50及第二層52的具體構成,可考慮各種構成。例如,第一層50包含熱阻係數低的樹脂等有機物(例如環氧樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂等),第二層52包含熱阻係數低的非金屬無機物(石英或陶瓷等)。而且,作為其他例子,第一層50亦可為將有機物或非金屬無機物加工為規定形狀而成的加工物。再者,此處的「加工」不限於利用銑刀(fraise)等將材料的一部分除去的機械加工,亦包含如塑膠射出成形般的成形加工。
作為適合於第一層50的加工物,例如可列舉如圖7(a)所示的層內形成有多個細孔54的加工物。於該情況下,第一層50的材質亦可為有機物、無機物中的任一者,但考慮到加工性,較理想為樹脂等有機物、或經燒成的陶瓷等。而且,作為其他例子,適合於第一層50的加工物亦可為如圖7(b)所示的表面形成有多個槽56的加工物。於該情況下,槽56的形狀並無特別限定,但較理想為槽56以與晶片積層體STc的配置間距P(參照圖2)相同的間距P呈格子狀排列。該槽形狀較為理想的理由將後述。
而且,第一層50與第二層52無需分體,亦可為無法分離的一體化組件。例如,如圖7(b)所示,亦可於平板的表面形成多個槽56,將形成有該槽56的厚度部分設為第一層50,將未形成槽56的厚度部分設為第二層52。
總之,只要隔熱構件126為具有與基板30接觸的第一層50、及設置於較該第一層50更靠平台120側的第二層52的多層構造,且第一層50的熱阻大於第二層52的熱阻即可。再者,
熱阻有阻礙向面方向導熱的面方向熱阻、與阻礙向厚度方向導熱的厚度方向熱阻。第一層50尤其重視面方向熱阻。例如當以規定條件來對各層50、52的表面進行加熱時,能夠基於沿著面方向與該加熱地點相距規定距離的測量地點的溫度上升量等來評價面方向熱阻。較理想為第一層50的面方向熱阻大於第二層52的面方向熱阻。而且,如後文中所詳述,較理想為第二層52的剛性高於第一層50的剛性。原因在於為了維持基板30的平面度。因此,一般而言,第二層52是由包含非金屬無機材料的實木材料構成。
參照圖8、圖9來對設置如上所述的雙層構造的隔熱構件126的理由進行說明。圖8、圖9是表示正式壓接時的熱的流動的示意圖,圖8表示設置有隔熱構件126的情況,圖9表示未設置隔熱構件126的情況。
首先,參照圖9來對正式壓接時的熱的流動進行說明。
如上所述,於正式壓接時,利用已加熱至第二溫度T2的封裝頭124來按壓暫時積層體STt的上表面。此時,由於半導體晶片10之間的導熱,封裝頭124的熱向下層傳導。到達下層的半導體晶片10的熱不會停留於此處,而是進一步向基板30或平台120傳導。
具體而言,傳導至基板30的熱直接沿著面正交方向前進而傳導至平台120(箭頭A’),或沿著面方向前進而釋放至外部(箭頭B’),或傳導至其他暫時積層體STt(箭頭C’),或傳導至平台120(箭頭D)。而且,傳導至平台120的熱直接沿著面
方向前進而釋放至外部(箭頭E),或沿著面方向前進而再次傳導至基板30(箭頭F),或釋放至外部(箭頭G)。
如此,於無隔熱構件126的情況下,傳導至下層的熱會在進一步分散至基板30或平台120之後,散逸至外部,因此,下層的半導體晶片10的溫度難以上升,上層與下層之間的溫度差dT增大。尤其於基板30為晶圓的情況下,由於與包含樹脂或玻璃的基板相比較,該晶圓的導熱性高,故而溫度差dT會升高。
藉由使平台120的溫度升高,能夠減小該溫度差dT。
即,於平台120內置有加熱器,藉由使該加熱器的加熱溫度升高,例如升高至第二溫度T2,能夠減小溫度差dT。然而,於使平台120達到高溫的情況下,不僅作為正式壓接對象的暫時積層體STt會因高溫而被加熱,而且其他的暫時積層體STt(正式壓接前的半導體晶片10)亦會因高溫而被加熱。於圖9的例子中,在使平台120達到高溫的情況下,不僅位於圖式左側的作為正式壓接對象的暫時積層體STt被加熱至高溫,而且位於圖式右側的不作為對象的暫時積層體STt亦被加熱至高溫。結果是有可能導致構成不作為對象的暫時積層體STt的半導體晶片10的NCF 20意外地發生不可逆的固化。於NCF 20在正式壓接之前已固化的情況下,即使其後進行正式壓接(加熱加壓),半導體晶片10之間亦不會適當地電性、機械性連接,從而成為封裝不良。因此,無法為了減小溫度差dT而使平台120的溫度升高。
於本實施形態中,如圖8所示,平台120的溫度保持於
與現有技術大致相同的溫度(例如100度左右),但於平台120與基板30之間設置有隔熱構件126。藉由設置該隔熱構件126,能夠大幅度減少經由基板30及平台120而排出的熱量,進而能夠減小溫度差dT。
即,如圖7(a)~圖7(b)所示,於設置有隔熱構件126的情況下,從基板30向其下側傳導的熱量大幅度減少。而且,由於第一層50的面方向熱阻大,故而傳導至第一層50的熱幾乎不會沿著面方向分散。結果是沿著面方向分散之後,進而分散至基板30或平台120的熱的流動(圖9中的箭頭F、箭頭G的流動)幾乎消失,熱的外部流出有效果地受到抑制。而且,一部分的熱亦從第一層50傳導至第二層52,但第二層52亦會阻礙導熱,因此,向平台120傳導的熱大幅度減少。結果是經由平台120向外部或基板30釋放的熱大幅度減少。於是,藉此,大部分的熱會停留於暫時積層體STt的下層,因此,能夠大幅度減小上層與下層之間的溫度差dT。
而且,於本實施形態中,將隔熱構件126設為第一層50與第二層52的雙層構造。原因在於:抑制熱的分散(排熱),且保持機械強度。即,為了抑制熱的分散,較理想為第一層50的面方向熱阻大。為了增大面方向熱阻,只要使用如樹脂般的熱傳導係數低的材料,或者如圖7(a)、圖7(b)所示,設置槽56或細孔54即可。然而,熱傳導係數低的材料大多剛性低,而且,於設置有槽56或細孔54的情況下,剛性亦會下降。因此,若僅利用
面方向熱阻高的第一層50,則無法承受正式壓接時所附加的負載,有可能無法維持基板30的平面度。
因此,於本實施形態中,在第一層50的下方設置有剛性較第一層50更高的第二層52。藉此,即使於附加了大負載的情況下,亦不易撓曲,能夠維持基板30的平面度。而且,藉由使第二層52較第一層50更厚,能夠更有效果地防止向平台120導熱,從而能夠減少經由平台120排出的熱量。
再者,為了維持基板30的平面度,較理想為第一層50本身亦不易撓曲,因此,隔熱構件126中的處於晶片積層體STc正下方的部分較理想為實心構造。因此,於在第一層50的表面設置槽56的情況下,較理想為如圖7(b)所示,將該槽56設為以與晶片積層體STc的配置間距P相同的間距排列的格子狀。
圖10是表示對隔熱構件126的熱阻與溫度差dT之間的關係進行調查所得的實驗結果。於圖10中,橫軸表示隔熱構件126的熱阻,縱軸表示對四層構成的暫時積層體STt進行正式壓接時的溫度差dT。而且,於實驗中,將平台120加熱至100度左右,且以400度,將暫時積層體STt的上表面加熱7秒。為了便於實驗,隔熱構件126設為單層構造,藉由變更隔熱構件126的厚度來變更該隔熱構件126的熱阻。而且,使用矽晶圓作為基板30。
根據圖10,顯然已知隨著隔熱構件126的熱阻上升,溫度差dT下降。
如以上的說明所述,根據本實施形態,使隔熱構件126
介於基板30與平台120之間,因此,能夠有效果地防止正式壓接時的熱向外部散逸,從而能夠減小暫時積層體STt的上層與下層之間的溫度差dT。而且,將隔熱構件126設為具有第一層50與第二層52的多層構造,進而增大鄰接於基板30的第一層50的熱阻,藉此,能夠更有效果地防止從基板30傳導的熱向外部流出。
進而,使第二層52的剛性高於第一層50的剛性,藉此,能夠抑制熱的流出,且維持基板30的平面度。
再者,至此為止所說明的構成為一例,亦可適當變更。
例如,於本實施形態中,逐一地對暫時積層體STt進行正式壓接,但亦可同時對2個以上的暫時積層體STt進行正式壓接。於該情況下,除了暫時壓接用的封裝頭124a之外,另外設置正式壓接用的封裝頭124b,將該正式壓接用的封裝頭124b設為能夠同時對2個以上的暫時積層體STt進行加熱加壓的大小。藉由設為該構成,能夠進一步縮短半導體裝置的製造時間。而且,若隔熱構件126具有第一層50與第二層52,則亦可設為進而具有其他層的多層構造。而且,隔熱構件126較理想為能夠相對於平台120裝卸,但根據情況,亦可固定於平台120。
Claims (7)
- 一種封裝裝置,其是將2個以上的半導體晶片積層於基板上的多個部位而進行封裝的封裝裝置,其特徵在於包括:平台,支持所述基板;接合部,一面對多個所述半導體晶片及所述基板進行加熱,一面將多個所述半導體晶片積層於所述基板而進行封裝;以及隔熱構件,為介於所述平台與所述基板之間的隔熱構件,且具有鄰接於所述基板的第一層、與設置於較所述第一層更靠所述平台側的第二層,所述第一層的熱阻大於所述第二層的熱阻。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的封裝裝置,其中所述第二層的剛性高於所述第一層的剛性。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的封裝裝置,其中所述第一層的朝向面方向的熱阻大於所述第二層的朝向面方向的熱阻。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的封裝裝置,其中所述接合部將如下處理反覆進行2次以上,所述處理是指在形成2個以上的暫時積層體之後,一面對1個以上的暫時積層體的上表面進行加壓,一面進行加熱,藉此,一併對構成所述暫時積層體的多個所述晶片進行正式壓接,所述暫時積層體是一面對多個所述晶片進行暫時壓接,一面將多個所述晶片積層於所述基板上而成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的封裝裝置,其中所述第一層包含有機物、或者於所述基板側的表面形成有槽或層內形成有多個細孔的加工物,所述第二層包含非金屬無機材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的封裝裝置,其中所述第一層為於所述基板側的面,以與積層有多個所述晶片的晶片積層體的配置間距相同的間距形成有格子狀的槽的加工物。
- 一種半導體裝置的製造方法,其特徵在於包括:暫時壓接步驟,形成2個以上的暫時積層體,所述暫時積層體是利用接合部,一面將多個晶片暫時壓接於介於對基板進行支持的平台與所述基板之間的隔熱構件上所配置的所述基板上,一面進行積層而成;以及正式壓接步驟,將如下處理反覆進行2次以上,所述處理是指利用所述接合部,一面對1個以上的暫時積層體的上表面進行加壓,一面進行加熱,藉此,一併對構成所述暫時積層體的所述多個晶片進行正式壓接,所述隔熱構件具有:第一層,與所述基板接觸,經由所述晶片及所述基板而被所述接合部施加熱;以及第二層,設置於較所述第一層更靠所述平台側,所述第一層的熱阻大於所述第二層的熱阻。
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