TWI640532B - Phosphorescent organic electroluminescent device - Google Patents
Phosphorescent organic electroluminescent device Download PDFInfo
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- TWI640532B TWI640532B TW105139550A TW105139550A TWI640532B TW I640532 B TWI640532 B TW I640532B TW 105139550 A TW105139550 A TW 105139550A TW 105139550 A TW105139550 A TW 105139550A TW I640532 B TWI640532 B TW I640532B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 125
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carbazol-9-yl-n,n-bis(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 101000837344 Homo sapiens T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100028692 T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Human genes 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Bphen Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JNBXWZGMEVQJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenylaniline;3-methyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JNBXWZGMEVQJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明公開了一種磷光有機電致發光器件,包括依次層疊的空穴傳輸層、發光層和電子傳輸層,所述發光層為由空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層構成的雙層結構,空穴傳輸材料層設置於空穴傳輸層和電子傳輸材料層之間,電子傳輸材料層設置於空穴傳輸材料層與電子傳輸層之間,空穴傳輸材料層與電子傳輸材料層接觸的界面形成激基複合物;所述空穴傳輸材料層包括主體材料,其主體材料為具有空穴傳輸能力的材料;所述電子傳輸材料層包括主體材料和摻雜在主體材料中的磷光染料,其主體材料為具有電子傳輸能力的材料。本發明利用激基複合物減小磷光摻雜濃度,同時能夠保持長壽高效。
Description
本發明屬於有機電致發光器件領域,具體涉及一種磷光有機電致發光器件。
有機電致發光器件以其形體薄、面積大、全固化、柔性化等優點引起了人們的廣泛關注,其在固態照明光源、液晶背光源等方面的巨大潛力成為人們研究的熱點。
早在五十年代,Bernanose.A等人就開始了有機電致發光器件(OLED)的研究。最初研究的材料是蒽單晶片。由於存在單晶片厚度大的問題,所需的驅動電壓很高。直到1987年美國Eastman Kodak公司的鄧青雲(C.W.Tang)和Vanslyke揭露了一種結構為:ITO/Diamine/Alq3/Mg:Ag的有機小分子電致發光器件,器件在10伏的工作電壓下亮度達1000cd/m2,外量子效率達到1.0%。電致發光的研究引起了科學家們的廣泛關注,人們看到了有機電致發光器件應用於顯示的可能性。從此揭開了有機電致發光器件研究及產業化的序幕。有機發光材料體系包括熒光體系與磷光發光體系,其中熒光體系只利用了單線態激子能量,而磷光體系可同時利用三線態激子能量。
傳統主體所在的磷光器件中,能量從主體的三線態通過短程Dexter傳遞給磷光客體的三線態,這樣導致了磷光材料的摻雜濃度較高(10wt%~30wt%),高的摻雜濃度可以減小主客體之間的距離,促進能量完
全傳遞,但是,過高的濃度會導致器件效率衰減,同時磷光材料使用的均為貴金屬材料,較高的磷光染料摻雜濃度使得成本增加。
為了解決上述技術問題,本發明提供了一種新的磷光有機電致發光器件。該磷光有機電致發光器件的發光層,包括空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層,該兩層的界面形成激基複合物使得能量可以從主體材料的三線態經反系間竄躍回主體的單線態,然後通過長程的Förster能量傳遞到磷光客體的三線態,從而降低磷光染料摻雜濃度。
本發明提供的磷光有機電致發光器件,包括依次層疊設置的空穴傳輸層、發光層和電子傳輸層,所述發光層為由空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層構成的雙層結構,空穴傳輸材料層設置於空穴傳輸層和電子傳輸材料層之間,電子傳輸材料層設置於空穴傳輸材料層與電子傳輸層之間,空穴傳輸材料層與電子傳輸材料層接觸的界面形成激基複合物;所述空穴傳輸材料層包括主體材料,其主體材料為具有空穴傳輸能力的材料;所述電子傳輸材料層包括主體材料和摻雜在主體材料中的磷光材料,其主體材料為具有電子傳輸能力的材料;其中,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料的第一三線態能級高於所述激基複合物的第一單線態能級,二者的能隙0.2eV;且,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料的HOMO能級絕對值5.3eV;具有電子傳輸能力的材料的第一三線態能級高於所述激基複合物的第一單線態能級,二者的能隙>0.2eV;且,具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO能級絕對值>2.0eV;具有空穴傳輸能力的材料與具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO能級差大於0.3eV,HOMO能級差大於0.2eV;
激基複合物的第一單線態能級高於磷光材料的第一三線態能級。
優選地,所述具有空穴傳輸能力的材料與具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO能級差大於等於0.4eV。
其中,所述磷光染料在發光層中所占比例為1wt%~10wt%,優選為3wt%。
優選地,空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層的厚度比為1:1~1:5,優選為1:3。
優選地,所述具有電子傳輸能力的材料為具有如下結構的化合物中的一種或多種:
優選地,所述具有空穴傳輸能力的材料為具有如下結構的化合物中的一種或多種:
本發明的磷光有機電致發光器件,包括在基板上依次層疊設置的陽極、空穴傳輸層、所述空穴傳輸材料層、所述電子傳輸材料層、電子傳輸層及陰極。所述陽極與所述空穴傳輸層之間還可設有空穴注入層。
本發明的優點在於:本發明的磷光有機電致發光器件中發光層為雙層結構,空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層的界面形成激基複合物,該激基複合物為TADF激基複合物,其具有熱活化延遲熒光效應,其三線態能量經反系間竄躍轉移給了單線態,然後傳遞給了摻雜染料的三線態;這樣一來,器件中主體材料和摻雜染料的三線態能量得到了充分利用,提升了器件效率;且熱激發延遲熒光的能量轉換過程和發光過程不在同一個材料(我們稱之為熱活化敏化過程),從而有效地解決了高亮度下roll-off下降嚴重的問題,使得器件的穩定性進一步提高。
本發明的磷光有機電致發光器件,其發光層利用激基複合物減小磷光染料摻雜濃度,同時能夠保持長壽高效。
01‧‧‧陽極
02‧‧‧陰極
03‧‧‧空穴傳輸層
04‧‧‧發光層
05‧‧‧空穴傳輸材料層
06‧‧‧電子傳輸材料層
07‧‧‧電子傳輸層
圖1是本發明的有機電致發光器件結構示意圖。
圖2是本發明的有機電致發光器件發光層能量傳遞示意圖。
下面結合附圖和具體實施例對本發明作進一步說明,以使本領域的技術人員可以更好的理解本發明並能予以實施,但所舉實施例不作為對本發明的限定。
如圖1所示,本發明的有機電致發光器件包括在基板上依次沉積彼此層疊的陽極01、空穴傳輸層03、發光層04、電子傳輸層07及陰極02,其中發光層包含空穴傳輸材料層05和電子傳輸材料層06。
本發明的發光層為由空穴傳輸材料層05和電子傳輸材料層
06構成的雙層結構,空穴傳輸材料層05設置於空穴傳輸層和電子傳輸材料層之間,電子傳輸材料層06設置於共體層與電子傳輸層07之間,空穴傳輸材料層05與電子傳輸材料層06接觸的界面形成激基複合物;空穴傳輸材料層05包括主體材料,其主體材料為具有空穴傳輸能力的材料;電子傳輸材料層包括主體材料和摻雜在主體材料中的磷光染料,其主體材料為具有電子傳輸能力的材料;本發明發光層在空穴傳輸材料層05和電子傳輸材料層06之間形成激基複合物,滿足下面條件:T1 A-S1>0.2eV
T1 D-S1 0.2eV
| LUMOA |>2.0eV
| HOMOD |5.3eV
上述式中,T1 A表示受體(具有電子傳輸能力的材料)的第一三線態能級,T1 D表示供體(具有空穴傳輸能力的材料)的第一三線態能級,S1表示激基複合物的第一單線態能級,LUMOA表示受體的LUMO能級,HOMOD表示供體的HOMO能級。
即,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料的第一三線態能級高於所述激基複合物的單線態能級,二者的能隙0.2eV;且,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料的HOMO能級絕對值5.3eV;具有電子傳輸能力的材料的第一三線態能級高於所述激基複合物的第一單線態能級,二者的能隙>0.2eV;且,具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO能級絕對值>2.0eV;
另外,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料與具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO能級差大於0.3eV,優選大約0.4eV,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料與具有電子傳輸能力的材料HOMO能級差大於0.2eV;激基複合物的第一單線態能級高於磷光染料的第一三線態能級。
當激基複合物滿足上述條件時,其為熱活化延遲熒光激基複合物(TADF激基複合物),其具有熱活化延遲熒光效應。
本發明的發光層為雙層結構,空穴傳輸材料層05和電子傳輸材料層06的界面處形成TADF激基複合物,其三線態能量轉移給了單線態,然後傳遞給了摻雜染料。這樣一來,器件中主體材料和摻雜染料的三線態能量得到了充分利用,提升了器件效率;且熱激發延遲熒光的能量轉換過程和發光過程不在同一個材料(我們稱之為熱活化敏化過程),從而有效地解決了高亮度下roll-off下降嚴重的問題,使得器件的穩定性進一步提高。
如圖2所示,以供體主體為TCTA,受體主體為mDTPPC為例,對本發明發光層的工作原理進行說明:激基複合物在空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層的接觸界面產生,激子從激基複合物的第一單線態經反系間竄躍到激基複合物的第一單線態,然後躍遷至磷光摻雜材料的第一三線態上,發出磷光。
具有電子傳輸能力的材料為具有如下結構的化合物:
具有空穴傳輸能力的材料為具有如下結構的化合物:
本發明的有機發光顯示器件實施例:陽極01可以採用無機材料或有機導電聚合物。無機材料一般為氧化銦錫(ITO)、氧化鋅(ZnO)、氧化銦鋅(IZO)等金屬氧化物或金、銅、銀等功函數較高的金屬,優選ITO;有機導電聚合物優選為聚噻吩/聚乙烯基苯磺酸鈉(以下簡稱PEDOT/PSS)、聚苯胺(以下簡稱PANI)中的一種。
陰極02一般採用鋰、鎂、鈣、鍶、鋁、銦等功函數較低的金屬或它們與銅、金、銀的合金,或金屬與金屬氟化物交替形成的電極層。本發明中陰極02優選為層疊的LiF層和Al層(LiF層在外側)。
空穴傳輸層的材料可以選自芳胺類和枝聚物類低分子材料,優選NPB。
電子傳輸層的材料可採用有機金屬配合物(如Alq3、Gaq3、BAlq或Ga(Saph-q))或其他常用於電子傳輸層的材料,如芳香稠環類(如pentacene、苝)或鄰菲咯啉類(如Bphen、BCP)化合物。
本發明的有機電致發光器件還可在陽極01和空穴傳輸層之間具有空穴注入層,所述空穴注入層的材料例如可採用4,4’,4’’-三(3-甲基苯基苯胺)三苯胺摻雜F4TCNQ,或者採用銅酞菁(CuPc),或可為金屬氧化物類,如氧化鉬,氧化錸。
上述各層的厚度可採用本領域中這些層常規的厚度。
本發明還提供所述有機電致發光器件的製備方法,包括在基板上依次沉積彼此層疊的陽極01、空穴傳輸層03、發光層04、電子傳輸層07及陰極02,然後封裝。
基板可以是玻璃或是柔性基片,所述柔性基片可採用聚酯類、聚醯亞胺類化合物材料或者薄金屬片。所述層疊及封裝可採用本領域技術人員已知的任意合適方法。
本發明以下實施例中發光層的磷光染料具體如下:紅色磷光染料可選自如下化合物:
綠色磷光染料可選自如下化合物:
黃光磷光染料可選如下化合物:
本發明中使用的藍色磷光染料可選如下化合物:
下文通過實施例進一步說明本發明。
實施例1
本實施例中製備了發光層中空穴傳輸材料層05與電子傳輸材料層06具有不同厚度的發光器件,這些器件具有如圖1所示的結構。發光層的空穴傳輸材料層05(由主體材料化合物(2-5)TCTA構成),電子傳輸材料層06(主體材料為化合物(1-8)CzTrz,磷光染料PO-01)。(供體主體化合物(2-5)TCTA與受體主體化合物(1-8)CzTrz的LUMO能級差大於0.3eV,HOMO能級差大於0.2eV;激基複合物的第一單線態能級高於磷光染料的第一三線態能級。)磷光染料PO-01在發光層中所占的比例為3wt%。
本實施例的器件結構如下:ITO(150nm)/NPB(40nm)/空穴傳輸材料層TCTA(10nm)/電子傳輸材料層化合物(1-8)CzTrz+磷光染料PO-01(10~40nm)/Bphen(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)
在本實施例以及下文中,磷光染料摻雜濃度單位均為wt%。
所述有機電致發光器件的具體製備方法如下:首先,利用洗滌劑和去離子水對玻璃基片進行清洗,並放置在紅外燈下烘乾,在玻璃上濺射一層陽極材料,膜厚為150nm;然後,把上述帶有陽極01的玻璃基片置於真空腔內,抽真空至1×10-4Pa,在上述陽極層膜上繼續蒸鍍NPB作為空穴傳輸層03,成膜速率為0.1nm/s,蒸鍍膜厚為40nm。
在空穴傳輸層03上蒸鍍發光層,採用雙源共蒸的方法進行,首先蒸鍍一層空穴傳輸材料層05TCTA10nm,其次按照電子傳輸材料層06CzTrz和磷光染料PO-01的質量百分比通過膜厚監控儀,調整成膜速率進行控制,蒸鍍膜厚為30nm。
在發光層之上,繼續蒸鍍一層Bphen材料作為電子傳輸層07,其蒸鍍速率為0.1nm/s,蒸鍍總膜厚為20nm;最後,在上述發光層之上依次蒸鍍LiF層和Al層作為器件的陰極層,其中LiF層的蒸鍍速率為0.01~0.02nm/s,厚度為0.5nm,Al層的蒸鍍速率為1.0nm/s,厚度為150nm。
對比例1
以與上述實施例1相同的方法製備有機電致發光器件,該器件結構如下:ITO(150nm)/NPB(40nm)/CBP+3wt% PO-01(40nm)/Bphen(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)
即發光層由主體材料CBP和磷光染料PO-01構成,其中磷光染料PO-01在發光層中所占的比例為3wt%。在本實施例以及下文中,磷光染料摻雜濃度單位均為wt%。
對比例2
以與上述實施例1相同的方法製備有機電致發光器件,該器件結構如下:ITO(150nm)/NPB(40nm)/激基複合物(TCTA和CzTrz,二者質量比1:1)+3wt%PO-01(40nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)
即本對比例的發光層為單層,其由激基複合物作為主體材料並在其中摻雜磷光染料PO-01構成,其中激基複合物由具有空穴傳輸能力的材料TCTA和具有電子傳輸能力的材料CzTrz構成,二者質量比1:1。磷光染料PO-01在發光層中所占的比例為3wt%。
將上面實施例1和對比例1的有機電致發光器件的性能表示
在下表1中:
由表1可以看出,激基複合物作為主體的器件如實施例1和對比例2的發光效率均比普通主體材料CBP所在的對比例1高,且激基複合物做主體的器件壽命均比對比例1高。實施例1比對比例2的壽命高,這是因為在對比例2中的激基複合物體系中,單獨的給體或受體的激發態也會形成,而使得給體或受體容易裂解,從而使得器件不穩定。另外實施例1採用雙摻雜系統,在工藝上比對比例2的三摻雜系統更容易控制,適合在量產上應用。
實施例2
本實施例的器件結構如下:ITO(150nm)/NPB(40nm)/TCTA(10nm)/CzTrz+1~10wt%磷光染料PO-01(30nm)/Bphen(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)
磷光染料PO-01在發光層中所占的比例為1~10wt%。
本實施例選擇在發光層中應用不同的磷光染料摻雜濃度進行實驗,得到表2所示結果。
表2
從表2可看出,磷光染料在發光層中摻雜濃度3wt%時,OLED器件的外量子效率和壽命均為最佳。
實施例3
為測試本發明的主體材料對有機電致發光器件性能的影響,本實施例以與上述實施例1相同的方法製備有機電致發光器件,該發光器件的結構如下:ITO(150nm)/NPB(40nm)/空穴傳輸材料層(具有空穴傳輸能力的材料)(10nm)/電子傳輸材料層(具有電子傳輸能力的材料+3wt%磷光染料)(30nm)/Bphen(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(150nm)
有機電致發光器件的性能表示在下表3中:
從表3可以看出,空穴傳輸材料層05和電子傳輸材料層06界面之間形成激基複合物作為主體所在的OLED1~OLED5的器件的電學性能優異,壽命增加,說明在空穴傳輸材料層05和電子傳輸材料層06的界面處形成TADF激基複合物,其三線態能量轉移給了單線態,然後傳遞給了摻雜材料的三線態,使得器件中主體材料和摻雜材料的三線態能量得到了充分利用,提升了器件效率。
以上所述實施例僅是為充分說明本發明而舉的較佳的實施例,本發明的保護範圍不限於此。本技術領域的技術人員在本發明基礎上所作的等同替代或變換,均在本發明的保護範圍之內。本發明的保護範圍以權利要求書為准。
Claims (8)
- 一種磷光有機電致發光器件,包括依次層疊設置的空穴傳輸層、發光層和電子傳輸層,其特徵在於,所述發光層為由空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層構成的雙層結構,所述空穴傳輸材料層設置於所述空穴傳輸層和電子傳輸材料層之間,所述電子傳輸材料層設置於所述空穴傳輸材料層與電子傳輸層之間,空穴傳輸材料層與電子傳輸材料層接觸的界面形成激基複合物;所述空穴傳輸材料層包括主體材料,其主體材料為具有空穴傳輸能力的材料;所述電子傳輸材料層包括主體材料和摻雜在主體材料中的磷光染料,其主體材料為具有電子傳輸能力的材料;其中,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料的第一三線態能級高於所述激基複合物的第一單線態能級,二者的能隙0.2eV;且,具有空穴傳輸能力的材料的HOMO能級絕對值5.3eV;具有電子傳輸能力的材料的第一三線態能級高於所述激基複合物的第一單線態能級,二者的能隙>0.2eV;且,具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO能級絕對值>2.0eV;具有空穴傳輸能力的材料與具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO差大於0.3eV,HOMO差大於0.2eV;激基複合物的第一單線態能級高於磷光染料的第一三線態能級。上述具有電子傳輸能力的材料為具有式(1-1)~式(1-8)結構的化合物中的一種或多種: 上述具有空穴傳輸能力的材料為具有式(2-1)~式(2-7)結構的化合物中的一種或多種:
- 依申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷光有機電致發光器件,其特徵在於,所述具有空穴傳輸能力的材料與具有電子傳輸能力的材料的LUMO差大於等於0.4eV。
- 依申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷光有機電致發光器件,其特徵在於,所述磷光染料在發光層中所占比例為1wt%~10wt%。
- 依申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷光有機電致發光器件,其特徵在於,所述磷光染料在發光層中所占比例為3wt%。
- 依申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷光有機電致發光器件,其特徵在於,所述空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層的厚度比為1:1~1:5。
- 依申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷光有機電致發光器件,其特徵在於,所述空穴傳輸材料層和電子傳輸材料層的厚度比為1:3。
- 依申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷光有機電致發光器件,其特徵在於,包括在基板上依次層疊設置的陽極、空穴傳輸層、所述空穴傳輸材料層、所述電子傳輸材料層、電子傳輸層及陰極。
- 依申請專利範圍第7項所述的磷光有機電致發光器件,其特徵在於,所述陽極與所述空穴傳輸層之間還設有空穴注入層。
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