TWI617027B - 半導體裝置 - Google Patents

半導體裝置 Download PDF

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TWI617027B
TWI617027B TW104121600A TW104121600A TWI617027B TW I617027 B TWI617027 B TW I617027B TW 104121600 A TW104121600 A TW 104121600A TW 104121600 A TW104121600 A TW 104121600A TW I617027 B TWI617027 B TW I617027B
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gate
layer
field plate
semiconductor device
metal layer
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TW201703260A (zh
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廖文甲
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台達電子工業股份有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/40Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/402Field plates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/06Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
    • H01L27/07Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration the components having an active region in common
    • H01L27/0705Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration the components having an active region in common comprising components of the field effect type
    • H01L27/0727Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration the components having an active region in common comprising components of the field effect type in combination with diodes, or capacitors or resistors
    • H01L27/0733Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration the components having an active region in common comprising components of the field effect type in combination with diodes, or capacitors or resistors in combination with capacitors only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66007Multistep manufacturing processes
    • H01L29/66075Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
    • H01L29/66083Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. two-terminal devices
    • H01L29/66181Conductor-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, e.g. trench capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/68Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
    • H01L29/76Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
    • H01L29/772Field effect transistors
    • H01L29/778Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
    • H01L29/7786Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
    • H01L29/10Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
    • H01L29/1066Gate region of field-effect devices with PN junction gate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof  ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/20Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
    • H01L29/2003Nitride compounds

Abstract

一種半導體裝置包含基板、主動層、源極、汲極、閘極、場板、第一保護層與金屬層。主動層置於基板上。源極與汲極分別電性連接主動層。閘極置於源極與汲極之間,並置於主動層上方。場板置於主動層上方,且置於閘極與汲極之間。第一保護層覆蓋閘極與場板。金屬層置於第一保護層上,置於閘極與場板上方,且電性連接源極。

Description

半導體裝置
本發明是有關於一種半導體裝置。
高電子遷移率電晶體(high electron mobility transistor, HEMT)為場效電晶體(field effect transistor, FET)之一類,因其具有高電子遷移率與低電阻,因此被廣泛應用。高電子遷移率電晶體之重要元件為異質結構層,其由二種具不同能隙之材料所組成,以取代傳統場效電晶體之PN界面。一般利用之材料組合為氮化鎵鋁(AlGaN)與氮化鎵(GaN)。因由氮化鎵鋁與氮化鎵組成之異質結構層於氮化鎵側之形成量子井之導電帶,因此氮化鎵鋁與氮化鎵之間的界面即產生二維電子氣(two-dimensional electron gas, 2DEG)。
本發明之一態樣提供一種半導體裝置,包含基板、主動層、源極、汲極、閘極、場板、第一保護層與金屬層。主動層置於基板上。源極與汲極分別電性連接主動層。閘極置於源極與汲極之間,並置於主動層上方。場板置於主動層上方,且置於閘極與汲極之間。第一保護層覆蓋閘極與場板。金屬層置於第一保護層上,置於閘極與場板上方,且電性連接源極。
在一或多個實施方式中,閘極與主動層之間具有第一距離,場板與主動層之間具有第二距離,第二距離小於第一距離。
在一或多個實施方式中,置於閘極與金屬層之間之部分第一保護層具有一厚度,該厚度小於500奈米。
在一或多個實施方式中,閘極與場板之間具有一間隙,金屬層全面覆蓋該間隙。
在一或多個實施方式中,金屬層面向源極之一側邊位於閘極上方。
在一或多個實施方式中,金屬層面向汲極之一側邊位於場板上方。
在一或多個實施方式中,第一距離為約20奈米至200奈米。
在一或多個實施方式中,第二距離為約50奈米至300奈米。
在一或多個實施方式中,場板電性連接至源極。
在一或多個實施方式中,場板電性連接至閘極。
在一或多個實施方式中,半導體裝置更包含第二保護層,置於場板與主動層之間。
在一或多個實施方式中,金屬層完全覆蓋閘極。
在一或多個實施方式中,金屬層與汲極之間的水平距離大於場板與汲極之間的水平距離。
上述實施方式之半導體裝置藉由金屬層以調整閘極-源極電容(Cgs),並且因第二距離小於第一距離,因此可提升半導體裝置之崩潰電壓。
以下將以圖式揭露本發明的複數個實施方式,為明確說明起見,許多實務上的細節將在以下敘述中一併說明。然而,應瞭解到,這些實務上的細節不應用以限制本發明。也就是說,在本發明部分實施方式中,這些實務上的細節是非必要的。此外,為簡化圖式起見,一些習知慣用的結構與元件在圖式中將以簡單示意的方式繪示之。
第1圖為本發明一實施方式之半導體裝置的剖面圖。半導體裝置包含基板110、主動層120、源極130、汲極140、閘極150、場板160、第一保護層170與金屬層180。主動層120置於基板110上。源極130與汲極140分別電性連接主動層120。舉例而言,在第1圖中,源極130與汲極140部分置於主動層120中,然而在其他的實施方式中,源極130與汲極140可置於主動層120上。閘極150置於源極130與汲極140之間,並置於主動層120上方。閘極150與主動層120之間具有第一距離d1。場板160置於主動層120上方,且置於閘極150與汲極140之間。場板160與主動層120之間具有第二距離d2,第二距離d2小於第一距離d1。第一保護層170覆蓋閘極150與場板160。金屬層180置於第一保護層170上,置於閘極150與場板160上方,且電性連接源極130。
本實施方式之半導體裝置藉由金屬層180以調整閘極-源極電容(Cgs),並且因第二距離d2小於第一距離d1,因此可提升半導體裝置之崩潰電壓。詳細而言,在本實施方式中,部分之金屬層180置於閘極150上方,亦即部分之金屬層180與閘極150重疊。因金屬層180電性連接源極130,因此可與閘極150之間形成閘極-源極電容(Cgs)。如此的設置使得半導體裝置之閘極-源極電容增加,因此半導體裝置之米勒比例(Miller Ratio)(其與閘極-源極電容成反比)便可相對降低。米勒比例越低,則半導體裝置之操作狀態便越佳,較容易實現高頻工作,且可最小化擊穿電流值(shoot-through currents)。另一方面,閘極150與主動層120之間具有一高電場。只要一源極-汲極電壓被施加至半導體裝置,電場可能會快速增加而達到半導體裝置之崩潰電壓。然而在本實施方式中,因場板160置於閘極150與汲極140之間,且第二距離d2小於第一距離d1,亦即,場板160低於閘極150,因此當此裝置被施加高源極-汲極電壓時,一部分之電場可有效地被移至場板160附近,使得閘極150靠近汲極140一側的電場增幅可被減弱,如此一來半導體裝置之崩潰電壓可被提升。
在一實施例中,當有金屬層180存在時,閘極-源極電荷(Qgs(th))為約1.1(nC/m),而米勒比率為約2.4。另外當沒有金屬層180存在時,閘極-源極電荷(Qgs(th))為約1.8(nC/m),而米勒比率為約1.2。
在本實施方式中,置於閘極150與金屬層180之間之部分第一保護層170具有一厚度T,厚度T小於500奈米。在其他一些實施方式中,厚度T小於300奈米。在其他另一些實施方式中,厚度T小於100奈米。藉由調整厚度T,可調整閘極150與金屬層180之間的閘極-源極電容。另外,當閘極150與金屬層180之間的覆蓋面積不同時,閘極150與金屬層180之間的閘極-源極電容亦可隨之改變,因此,本領域具有通常知識者可依實際情況而決定閘極150與金屬層180之間的覆蓋面積。
在本實施方式中,閘極150與場板160之間具有一間隙G,金屬層180全面覆蓋間隙G。換句話說,金屬層180同時與閘極150以及場板160重疊,並且金屬層180之邊緣不位於間隙G中。因電場容易聚集於金屬層180之邊緣(其被稱為邊緣電場),而在本實施方式中,因金屬層180全面覆蓋間隙G,也就是金屬層180之側邊182、184不位於間隙G中,因此可防止金屬層180在間隙G處產生邊緣電場,以干擾主動層120上方之電場分佈,其可能會改變半導體裝置的崩潰電壓。
在本實施方式中,金屬層180面向源極130之側邊182位於閘極150上方。換句話說,金屬層180與源極130之間的水平距離D1較閘極150與源極130之間的水平距離D2遠。在本實施方式中,金屬層180不但與閘極150重疊,且不突出於閘極150面向源極130之一側,然而本發明不以此為限。請參照第2圖,其為本發明另一實施方式之半導體裝置的剖面圖。在本實施方式中,金屬層180完全覆蓋閘極150,也就是水平距離D1可等於或小於水平距離D2。至於本實施方式的其他細節皆與第1圖相同,因此便不再贅述。
接著請回到第1圖,在本實施方式中,金屬層180面向汲極140之側邊184位於場板160上方。換句話說,金屬層180與汲極140之間的水平距離D3較場板160與汲極140之間的水平距離D4遠。在本實施方式中,金屬層180不但與場板160重疊,且不突出於場板160面向汲極140之一側。如此的結構使得金屬層180之側邊184與主動層120之間被場板160所隔開,因此金屬層180之側邊182便不會在主動層120附近產生邊緣電場,也就不會干擾主動層120附近之電場分佈。
在本實施方式中,場板160電性連接至源極130,換句話說,場板160與金屬層180皆與源極130電性連接,因此場板160與金屬層180之間便不會產生額外的電容,且場板160因置於閘極150與汲極140之間,此種設置亦有減少閘極150與汲極140之間可能會產生的電性影響。在一些實施方式中,場板160可利用外部線路或層間貫穿結構而與源極130與/或金屬層180電性連接,本發明不以此為限。
然而在其他的實施方式中,場板160可電性連接至閘極150,因此場板160與金屬層180之間可形成另一閘極-源極電容。藉由不同的第一保護層170之厚度T與/或不同的場板160與金屬層180之間的覆蓋面積,場板160與金屬層180之間的閘極-源極電容可隨之改變。在一些實施方式中,場板160可利用外部線路或層間貫穿結構而與閘極150電性連接,本發明不以此為限。
在一或多個實施方式中,主動層120包含複數不同的氮基(nitride-based)半導體層,以於異質接合(heterojunction)處產生二維電子氣(2DEG)126,做為導電通道。例如可使用相互疊合的通道層122與阻障層124,其中阻障層124位於通道層122上。此種結構下,二維電子氣126可存在於通道層122與阻障層124之間的界面。因此在半導體裝置處於開啟狀態下,源極130與汲極140之間的導通電流可沿著通道層122與阻障層124之間的界面而流動。在一些實施方式中,通道層122可為氮化鎵(GaN)層,而阻障層124可為氮化鎵鋁(AlGaN)層。另一方面,基板110的材質例如為矽(silicon)基板或藍寶石(sapphire)基板,本發明不以此為限。在本實施方式中,半導體裝置可更包含緩衝層105,設置於主動層120與基板110之間。另外,半導體裝置可更包含絕緣區102,圍繞於主動層120外側。絕緣區102可用以避免漏電流的產生,並提高崩潰電壓。
在本實施方式中,半導體裝置更包含P型摻雜層190,置於閘極150與主動層120之間。P型摻雜層190可為抑制閘極150下方之主動層120的二維電子氣126之層,因此P型摻雜層190下方之二維電子氣126被截斷,此效果即使在沒有外加電壓時仍存在。因此,本實施方式之半導體裝置為常關型(增強型)裝置。
在本實施方式中,半導體裝置更包含第二保護層175,置於場板160與主動層120之間,亦即場板160置於第二保護層175上。藉由改變第二保護層175之厚度,可改變場板160與主動層120之間的第二距離d2。在一些實施方式中,第一保護層170與第二保護層175之材質可為氧化鋁(Al2 O3 )、氮化鋁(AlN)、氮化矽(Si3 N4 )、二氧化矽(SiO2 )、二氧化鉿(HfO2 )或上述之任意組合。
在一些實施方式中,第一距離d1可為約20奈米至200奈米,而第二距離d2為約50奈米至300奈米,然而本發明不以此為限。基本上,只要第一距離d1大於第二距離d2,亦即場板160低於閘極150,以達到分散閘極150電場的目的,皆在本發明之範疇中。
雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
102‧‧‧絕緣區
105‧‧‧緩衝層
110‧‧‧基板
120‧‧‧主動層
122‧‧‧通道層
124‧‧‧阻障層
126‧‧‧二維電子氣
130‧‧‧源極
140‧‧‧汲極
150‧‧‧閘極
160‧‧‧場板
170‧‧‧第一保護層
175‧‧‧第二保護層
180‧‧‧金屬層
182、184‧‧‧側邊
190‧‧‧P型摻雜層
D1、D2、D3、D4‧‧‧水平距離
d1‧‧‧第一距離
d2‧‧‧第二距離
G‧‧‧間隙
T‧‧‧厚度
第1圖為本發明一實施方式之半導體裝置的剖面圖。 第2圖為本發明另一實施方式之半導體裝置的剖面圖。
102‧‧‧絕緣區
105‧‧‧緩衝層
110‧‧‧基板
120‧‧‧主動層
122‧‧‧通道層
124‧‧‧阻障層
126‧‧‧二維電子氣
130‧‧‧源極
140‧‧‧汲極
150‧‧‧閘極
160‧‧‧場板
170‧‧‧第一保護層
175‧‧‧第二保護層
180‧‧‧金屬層
182、184‧‧‧側邊
190‧‧‧P型摻雜層
D1、D2、D3、D4‧‧‧水平距離
d1‧‧‧第一距離
d2‧‧‧第二距離
G‧‧‧間隙
T‧‧‧厚度

Claims (13)

  1. 一種半導體裝置,包含:一基板;一主動層,置於該基板上;一源極與一汲極,分別電性連接該主動層;一閘極,置於該源極與該汲極之間,並置於該主動層上方;一場板,置於該主動層上方,且置於該閘極與該汲極之間;一第一保護層,覆蓋該閘極與該場板;以及一金屬層,置於該第一保護層上,置於該閘極與該場板上方,且電性連接該源極,其中該金屬層與該源極之間的水平距離等於或大於該閘極與該源極之間的水平距離。
  2. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該閘極與該主動層之間具有一第一距離,該場板與該主動層之間具有一第二距離,該第二距離小於該第一距離。
  3. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中置於該閘極與該金屬層之間之部分該第一保護層具有一厚度,該厚度小於500奈米。
  4. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該閘極與該場板之間具有一間隙,該金屬層全面覆蓋該間隙。
  5. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該金屬層面向該源極之一側邊位於該閘極上方。
  6. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該金屬層面向該汲極之一側邊位於該場板上方。
  7. 如請求項2所述之半導體裝置,其中該第一距離為約20奈米至200奈米。
  8. 如請求項2所述之半導體裝置,其中該第二距離為約50奈米至300奈米。
  9. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該場板電性連接至該源極。
  10. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該場板電性連接至該閘極。
  11. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,更包含:一第二保護層,置於該場板與該主動層之間。
  12. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該金屬層完全覆蓋該閘極。
  13. 如請求項1所述之半導體裝置,其中該金屬層與該汲極之間的水平距離大於該場板與該汲極之間的水平距離。
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US11127847B2 (en) 2019-05-16 2021-09-21 Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation Semiconductor devices having a gate field plate including an extension portion and methods for fabricating the semiconductor device
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