TWI612233B - 滑動構件，使用滑動構件之自行車元件及使用滑動構件之釣魚用具 - Google Patents

滑動構件，使用滑動構件之自行車元件及使用滑動構件之釣魚用具 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI612233B
TWI612233B TW103126986A TW103126986A TWI612233B TW I612233 B TWI612233 B TW I612233B TW 103126986 A TW103126986 A TW 103126986A TW 103126986 A TW103126986 A TW 103126986A TW I612233 B TWI612233 B TW I612233B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
sliding
plating layer
sliding member
solid lubricant
group
Prior art date
Application number
TW103126986A
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English (en)
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TW201522803A (zh
Inventor
朝河孝元
Original Assignee
島野股份有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2013207377A external-priority patent/JP6278652B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2013218457A external-priority patent/JP6209418B2/ja
Application filed by 島野股份有限公司 filed Critical 島野股份有限公司
Publication of TW201522803A publication Critical patent/TW201522803A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI612233B publication Critical patent/TWI612233B/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K87/00—Fishing rods
    • A01K87/04—Fishing-line guides on rods, e.g. tips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K89/00—Reels
    • A01K89/01—Reels with pick-up, i.e. with the guiding member rotating and the spool not rotating during normal retrieval of the line
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K89/00—Reels
    • A01K89/015—Reels with a rotary drum, i.e. with a rotating spool
    • A01K89/0183—Drive mechanism details
    • A01K89/0186—Drive mechanism details with disengageable positive drive components, e.g. a clutch
    • A01K89/0188—Axially engaged
    • A01K89/0189—Coaxial of spool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/04—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio
    • B62M9/06—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/10—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/105—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like involving front sprocket chain-wheels engaged by the chain, belt or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/04—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio
    • B62M9/06—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/10—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/12—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio using a single chain, belt, or the like involving different-sized wheels, e.g. rear sprocket chain wheels selectively engaged by the chain, belt, or the like the chain, belt, or the like being laterally shiftable, e.g. using a rear derailleur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
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    • C23C28/324—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal matrix material layer comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or a metal-matrix material with hard embedded particles, e.g. WC-Me
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H57/041—Coatings or solid lubricants, e.g. antiseize layers or pastes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H7/06—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members with chains
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
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Abstract

於本發明之滑動構件中，維持滑動層之滑動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
滑動構件22a包括：基材30；及滑動層32，其配置於基材30之至少一部分，且含有固體潤滑劑32a及較固體潤滑劑32a硬之硬質粒子32b。

Description

滑動構件，使用滑動構件之自行車元件及使用滑動構件之釣魚用具
本發明係關於一種滑動構件、使用滑動構件之自行車用元件、及使用滑動構件之釣魚用具用元件。
作為滑動構件，先前已知有將於鎳等金屬鍍敷覆膜中摻入氟化合物之微粒子作為固體潤滑劑而成之滑動層形成於基材上而成者(例如，參照專利文獻1)。藉由設置此種滑動鍍敷層，而使構件之滑動性能提高。尤其是，若提高固體潤滑劑之含有率，則可進一步提高潤滑性能。
[先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利第4681161號公報
若設置含有固體潤滑劑之滑動層，則構件之滑動性能會變高，但因較通常之金屬鍍敷層更軟質，故而有滑動層產生磨耗之虞。
本發明之課題在於，於滑動構件中，維持滑動層之滑動性能並 抑制滑動層之磨耗。
本發明之滑動構件包括：基材；及滑動層，其配置於基材之至少一部分，且含有固體潤滑劑及較固體潤滑劑硬之硬質粒子。
於該滑動構件中，於基材上配置含有固體潤滑劑及較固體潤滑劑硬之硬質粒子之滑動層。此處，由於滑動層含有固體潤滑劑，故而可維持滑動層之滑動性能。又，由於滑動層含有硬質粒子，故而與僅含有固體潤滑劑之情形相比，滑動層變得硬質。因此，可維持滑動層之滑動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
基材亦可為選自由含有不鏽鋼之鐵、鋁、鈦、使複數種金屬重疊而成之披覆材、黃銅及其等之合金所組成之金屬群中之至少一種。於此情形時，基材為金屬製，且可藉由滑動層相對地提高耐蝕性能，故而可於室外使用滑動構件。
滑動構件亦可進而包括配置於基材與滑動層之間、且提高基材與滑動層之密接性之中間層。滑動層及中間層係含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之至少一種金屬的鍍敷層。於此情形時，藉由設置中間層，而使滑動層變得不易自基材剝離。又，由於滑動層及中間層由含有易於鍍敷之不同種類之金屬之鍍敷層構成，故而可容易地形成滑動層及中間層。
滑動構件亦可進而包括配置於基材與滑動層之間、且提高基材與滑動層之密接性之中間層。滑動層及中間層係含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之同種金屬的鍍敷層。於此情形時，藉由設置中間層，而使滑動層變得不易自基材剝離。又，滑動層及中間層係使用含有易於鍍敷之至少同種金屬之鍍敷層，故而可提高滑動鍍敷層與中間鍍敷層之密接性。
中間鍍敷層亦可含有較滑動鍍敷層所含有之固體潤滑劑量少之 固體潤滑劑。於此情形時，由於在中間鍍敷層中亦含有較滑動鍍敷層量少之固體潤滑劑，故而整體之滑動性能進一步提高，並且滑動鍍敷層與中間鍍敷層之密接性進一步提高。
固體潤滑劑亦可含有選自由氮化硼、二硫化鉬、及聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物所組成之群中之至少一種粒子。
固體潤滑劑亦可含有氟化合物之粒子。於此情形時，可形成含有包含氟化合物之粒子之氟化合物的鍍敷覆膜，故而可提高滑動鍍敷層之滑動性能。
氟化合物之粒子之含有率亦可為30體積百分比以上且70體積百分比以下。於此情形時，滑動鍍敷層中之氟化合物之比率變多，故而滑動鍍敷層之滑動性能變高。並且，由於在滑動鍍敷層與基材之間配置中間鍍敷層，故而即便增大含有率而提高滑動性能，亦可提高基材與滑動鍍敷層之密接性。
氟化合物亦可為選自由聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物所組成之群中之至少一種。
硬質粒子亦可為選自由奈米金剛石、ZrO2、SiC(碳化矽)、Al2O3(氧化鋁)、BN(氮化硼)所組成之群中之至少一種。
鍍敷層亦可藉由電鍍處理而形成。於此情形時，藉由使電流值變化，可高精度地控制滑動鍍敷層及中間鍍敷層之膜厚、以及滑動鍍敷層及中間鍍敷層中之固體潤滑劑及硬質粒子之含量。
亦可為使用上述滑動構件之自行車用元件。於此情形時，可維持自行車用元件之滑動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
自行車用元件亦可為前鏈輪。於此情形時，可維持前鏈輪之滑 動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
自行車用元件亦可為後鏈輪。於此情形時，可維持後鏈輪之滑動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
自行車用元件亦可為鏈條。於此情形時，可維持鏈條之滑動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
亦可為使用上述滑動構件之釣魚用具用元件。於此情形時，可維持釣魚用具用元件之滑動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
根據本發明，由於滑動層含有固體潤滑劑，故而可維持滑動層之滑動性能。又，由於滑動層含有硬質粒子，故而與僅含有固體潤滑劑之情形相比，滑動層變得硬質。因此，可維持滑動層之滑動性能並抑制滑動層之磨耗。
1‧‧‧車架
2‧‧‧車架體
3‧‧‧前叉3
4‧‧‧把手部
5‧‧‧驅動部
7‧‧‧後輪
9f‧‧‧前刹車裝置
9r‧‧‧後刹車裝置
11‧‧‧後鏈輪組裝體
13‧‧‧鞍部
14‧‧‧把手桿
15‧‧‧把手握柄
16‧‧‧刹車桿
17‧‧‧鏈條
18f‧‧‧前外裝變速裝置
18r‧‧‧後外裝變速裝置
19f‧‧‧前變速器
19r‧‧‧後變速器
20‧‧‧曲柄組裝體
21‧‧‧曲柄部
22‧‧‧第1前鏈輪
22a‧‧‧滑動構件
22b‧‧‧第1階差部
22c‧‧‧第1安裝部
23‧‧‧第2前鏈輪
23a‧‧‧滑動構件
23b‧‧‧第2階差部
24‧‧‧第3前鏈輪
24a‧‧‧滑動構件
24b‧‧‧第3階差部
25‧‧‧曲柄臂
25a‧‧‧踏板安裝部
25b‧‧‧曲柄軸安裝部
26‧‧‧鏈輪安裝部
26a‧‧‧安裝臂
26b‧‧‧鏈輪固定部
26c‧‧‧貫通孔
30‧‧‧基材
32‧‧‧滑動鍍敷層
32a‧‧‧固體潤滑劑
32a'‧‧‧固體潤滑劑
32b‧‧‧硬質粒子
34‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
34'‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
34a‧‧‧第1中間鍍敷層
34b‧‧‧第2中間鍍敷層
34b'‧‧‧第2中間鍍敷層
41~49‧‧‧第1~第9後鏈輪
43‧‧‧第3後鏈輪
43a‧‧‧滑動構件
43a'‧‧‧滑動構件
43b‧‧‧安裝部
120‧‧‧曲柄組裝體
121‧‧‧曲柄部
122‧‧‧第1前鏈輪
122a‧‧‧滑動構件
122c‧‧‧第1安裝部
122d‧‧‧外側構件
122e‧‧‧內側構件
122f‧‧‧螺帽安裝部
122g‧‧‧螺帽構件
123‧‧‧第2前鏈輪
123a‧‧‧滑動構件
123b‧‧‧第2階差部
123c‧‧‧第2安裝部
125‧‧‧曲柄臂
125a‧‧‧踏板安裝部
125b‧‧‧曲柄軸安裝部
126‧‧‧鏈輪安裝部
126a‧‧‧安裝臂
126b‧‧‧鏈輪固定部
126c‧‧‧貫通孔
127‧‧‧螺絲構件
130‧‧‧基材
132‧‧‧滑動鍍敷層
134‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
134'‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
134a‧‧‧第1中間鍍敷層
134b‧‧‧第2中間鍍敷層
230‧‧‧基材
230'‧‧‧基材
232‧‧‧滑動鍍敷層
234‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
350‧‧‧外側連桿板
350a‧‧‧滑動構件
350b‧‧‧連結孔
351‧‧‧內側連桿板
351a‧‧‧滑動構件
351b‧‧‧連結孔
352‧‧‧連結銷
352a‧‧‧滑動構件
353‧‧‧輥
353a‧‧‧滑動構件
430‧‧‧基材
432‧‧‧滑動鍍敷層
434‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
452‧‧‧釣竿
454‧‧‧釣線引導件
455‧‧‧固定部
456‧‧‧腳部
457‧‧‧引導框架
457a‧‧‧貫通孔
458‧‧‧引導環
458a‧‧‧滑動構件
530‧‧‧基材
532‧‧‧滑動鍍敷層
534‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
560‧‧‧小齒輪
560a‧‧‧滑動構件
560b‧‧‧貫通孔
560c‧‧‧離合器卡合部
560d‧‧‧齒輪部
560e‧‧‧收縮部
630‧‧‧基材
632‧‧‧滑動鍍敷層
A‧‧‧部位
S1~S4‧‧‧步驟
圖1係採用本發明之第1實施形態之自行車之側視圖。
圖2係採用本發明之第1實施形態之作為自行車用元件之前鏈輪之曲柄組裝體的前視圖。
圖3係第1前鏈輪之外表面之剖面模式圖。
圖4係第1實施形態之變化例之相當於圖3之圖。
圖5係表示滑動構件之製造方法之流程圖。
圖6係採用本發明之第2實施形態之作為自行車用元件之前鏈輪之曲柄組裝體的前視圖。
圖7係藉由圖6之切斷面線VII-VII切斷所得之曲柄組裝體之剖面放大圖。
圖8係第2實施形態之第1前鏈輪之相當於圖3之圖。
圖9係第2實施形態之第2前鏈輪之相當於圖3之圖。
圖10係第3實施形態之後鏈輪組裝體之前視圖。
圖11係第3後鏈輪之前視圖。
圖12係第3實施形態之第3後鏈輪之相當於圖3之圖。
圖13係第3實施形態之變化例之相當於圖3之圖。
圖14係本發明之第4實施形態之鏈條之平面局部剖面圖。
圖15係鏈條之側視圖。
圖16係本發明之第5實施形態之作為釣魚用具用元件之釣線引導件之前視圖。
圖17係釣線引導件之相當於圖3之圖。
圖18係本發明之第6實施形態之作為釣魚用具用元件之小齒輪之剖面圖。
圖19係第6實施形態之作為釣魚用具用元件之小齒輪之立體圖。
圖20係小齒輪之相當於圖3之圖。
圖21係另一實施形態之相當於圖3之圖。
於圖1中，採用本發明之複數個實施形態之自行車係被稱為登山自行車(mountain bike)之可於全地形行駛者。自行車包括：包含鑽石形之車架體2及具有避震(suspension)功能之前叉3之車架1、把手部4、驅動部5、前輪6、後輪7、前刹車裝置9f及後刹車裝置9r。
車架1之車架體2係焊接管而製作者。於車架體2安裝包含鞍部13或驅動部5在內之各部。前叉3係繞斜向傾斜之軸搖動自如地裝設於車架體2之前部。
把手部4包含：把手桿14，其固定於前叉3之上部；及把手握柄15，其固定於把手桿14。於把手握柄15之兩端裝設用以操作前刹車裝置9f及後刹車裝置9r之刹車桿16。於左右之刹車桿16，一體或分開地設置用以變速操作前外裝變速裝置18f及後外裝變速裝置18r之變速桿(未圖示)。
驅動部5包含：曲柄組裝體20，其設置於車架體2之下部之懸架部；鏈條17，其架設於曲柄組裝體20；前外裝變速裝置18f；及後外裝變速裝置18r。前外裝變速裝置18f及後外裝變速裝置18r分別具有裝設於車架1之中間部及後部之前變速器19f及後變速器19r。前變速器19f將鏈條17引導至設置於曲柄組裝體20之例如3片前鏈輪中之任一者。後變速器19r將鏈條17引導至裝設於後輪7之輪轂之後鏈輪組裝體11之例如9片後鏈輪中之任一者。
<第1實施形態>
如圖2所示，採用本發明之第1實施形態之曲柄組裝體20包括曲柄部21、本發明之第1實施形態之第1前鏈輪22、第2前鏈輪23、及第3前鏈輪24。曲柄部21包含：曲柄臂25，其相對於前鏈輪22、23、24之旋轉中心軸沿徑向延伸；及鏈輪安裝部26，其與曲柄臂25一體形成。曲柄臂25於前端具有踏板安裝部25a，於基端具有曲柄軸安裝部25b。鏈輪安裝部26包含：複數個(例如4個)安裝臂26a，其等以曲柄軸安裝部25b為中心呈放射狀延伸；及鏈輪固定部26b，其設置於各個安裝臂26a之前端部。於鏈輪固定部26b形成供第1前鏈輪22之固定用之未圖示之螺絲構件(例如螺栓構件)貫通之貫通孔26c。於第1實施形態中，螺絲構件螺入至第1前鏈輪22。再者，螺絲構件亦可螺合於螺帽而固定第1前鏈輪。第1~第3前鏈輪22~24係自行車用元件之一例。
第1前鏈輪22之齒數最多，例如齒數為「42」。第1前鏈輪22於安裝於未圖示之曲柄軸時，配置於與前鏈輪22、23、24之旋轉中心軸相關之軸向上距車架1(參照圖1)最遠之外側。第2前鏈輪23係配置於較第1前鏈輪22更靠近車架1之內側。第2前鏈輪23之齒數例如為「32」。第3前鏈輪24係配置於在軸向上較第2前鏈輪23更靠近車架1之內側。關於第3前鏈輪24之齒數，例如齒數為「24」。
第1前鏈輪22、第2前鏈輪23、及第3前鏈輪24分別包含第1滑動 構件22a、第2滑動構件23a、及第3滑動構件24a。第1滑動構件22a、第2滑動構件23a、及第3滑動構件24a構成嚙合於鏈條17(參照圖1)之各個鏈輪之鏈輪齒。鏈輪齒在徑向上設置於鏈輪之最外側，且形成為較固定於曲柄部21之鏈輪安裝部26之徑向之內側之第1安裝部22c(第2前鏈輪23之第2安裝部及第3前鏈輪24之第3安裝部並未圖示)更薄壁。於第1實施形態中，第1滑動構件22a與第1安裝部22c係一體形成。再者，第2滑動構件23a與第2安裝部、及第3滑動構件24a與第3安裝部亦一體地形成。因此，於第1~第3前鏈輪22~24，在鏈輪齒與徑向內側之部分之間分別形成第1階差部22b、第2階差部23b、及第3階差部24b。第1滑動構件22a、第2滑動構件23a及第3滑動構件24a分別自第1階差部22b、第2階差部23b、及第3階差部24b朝徑向外側設置。
如圖3所示，第1前鏈輪22之第1滑動構件22a包括：基材30，其構成鏈輪齒；滑動鍍敷層32；及中間鍍敷層34，其配置於基材30與滑動鍍敷層32之間，提高基材30與滑動鍍敷層32之密接性。滑動鍍敷層30係滑動層之一例。基材30係選自由含有不鏽鋼之鐵、鋁、鈦、含有黃銅之銅、使例如鋁與不鏽鋼等複數種金屬重疊而成之披覆材及其等之合金所組成之金屬群中之至少一種。於第1實施形態中，基材30亦包含第1前鏈輪22之其他部分在內為鋁合金製。滑動鍍敷層32及中間鍍敷層34係含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之至少一種金屬之鍍敷層。滑動鍍敷層32及中間鍍敷層34含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之同種金屬。於第1實施形態中，滑動鍍敷層32含有鎳。
滑動鍍敷層32係如於圖3之A部放大表示般，含有固體潤滑劑32a及較固體潤滑劑32a硬之硬質粒子32b。固體潤滑劑32a含有選自由氮化硼、二硫化鉬、及聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚 物所組成之群中之至少一種粒子。於第1實施形態中，固體潤滑劑包含含有聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物之氟化化合物之粒子。於第1實施形態中，選擇聚四氟乙烯(PTFE，Polytetrafluoroethylene)作為氟化合物。因此，於第1實施形態中，滑動鍍敷層32具有含有氟化合物之粒子之鍍鎳層。第1實施形態中之作為固體潤滑劑32a之氟化合物之粒子之含有率為滑動鍍敷層32整體之30體積百分比以上且70體積百分比以下。於本實施形態中，含有率為40體積百分比以上且50體積百分比以下。
硬質粒子32b係選自由奈米金剛石、ZrO2(氧化鋯)、SiC(碳化矽)、Al2O3(氧化鋁)、BN(氮化硼)所組成之群中之至少一種。於本實施形態中，硬質粒子32b係選擇ZrO2(氧化鋯)。硬質粒子32b之含有率為滑動鍍敷層32整體之5體積百分比至20體積百分比。於本實施形態中，含有率為5體積百分比以上且10體積百分比以下。
中間鍍敷層34於第1實施形態中包含第1中間鍍敷層34a及第2中間鍍敷層34b。第1中間鍍敷層34a形成於基材30之外表面。於第1實施形態中，第1中間鍍敷層34a例如含有鋅。第2中間鍍敷層34b形成於第1中間鍍敷層34a與滑動鍍敷層32之間。第2中間鍍敷層34b例如含有鎳。因此，於第1實施形態中，滑動鍍敷層32與第2中間鍍敷層34b含有同種金屬(鎳)。第1中間鍍敷層34a及第2中間鍍敷層34b不含固體潤滑劑。滑動鍍敷層32與中間鍍敷層34之膜厚之合計為2μm以上且20μm以下，滑動鍍敷層32之膜厚為1μm以上且15μm以下。中間鍍敷層34之膜厚為1μm以上且5μm以下。又，中間鍍敷層34之膜厚較佳為滑動鍍敷層32之膜厚之50%以下。於第1實施形態中，中間鍍敷層34之膜厚為滑動鍍敷層32之膜厚之10%以上且30%以下。滑動鍍敷層32及中間鍍敷層34係藉由電鍍處理而形成。藉此，滑動鍍敷層32及中間鍍 敷層34之膜厚控制變得容易。
第2前鏈輪23之第2滑動構件23a及第3前鏈輪24之第3滑動構件24a係與第1前鏈輪22之第1滑動構件22a相同之構成。
於此種構成之第1滑動構件22a、第2滑動構件23a、及第3滑動構件24a中，並非於基材30上直接形成滑動鍍敷層32，而係將用以提高基材30與滑動鍍敷層32之密接性之中間鍍敷層34配置於基材30與滑動鍍敷層32之間。因此，即便提高滑動鍍敷層32之滑動性能，滑動鍍敷層32與中間鍍敷層34之密接性、及中間鍍敷層34與基材30之密接性亦變高，而使滑動鍍敷層32變得不易剝離。又，由於在滑動鍍敷層32中含有硬質粒子32b，故而即便於滑動鍍敷層32含有固體潤滑劑32a，與僅含有固體潤滑劑32a之情形相比，亦使滑動鍍敷層32變得硬質。因此，可維持滑動鍍敷層32之滑動性能並抑制滑動鍍敷層32之磨耗。
又，基材30由輕量之鋁製造，且係可相對提高耐蝕性能之素材，故而可實現第1滑動構件22a~第3滑動構件24a之輕量化，並且能夠耐受於室外之使用。又，與鏈條17之滑動阻力變小，可提高動力傳遞效率。進而，由於在滑動鍍敷層32中含有硬質粒子32b，故而可減少因與鏈條17之接觸而導致之第1~第3前鏈輪22~24之磨耗。
<第1實施形態之變化例>
於圖4中，於變化例中，中間鍍敷層34'之第2中間鍍敷層34b'與第1實施形態不同。於第1實施形態中，第2中間鍍敷層34b不含固體潤滑劑，但如於圖4之A部放大表示般，第2中間鍍敷層34b'含有較滑動鍍敷層32所含有之固體潤滑劑32a量少之固體潤滑劑32a'。例如，固體潤滑劑32a'之含有率為第2中間鍍敷層34b'整體之5體積百分比以上且未達30體積百分比。於該變化例中，固體潤滑劑32a'之含有率為10體積百分比以上且20體積百分比以下。於變化例中，固體潤滑劑32a'係與固體潤滑劑32a相同之氟化化合物。即便為此種構成，亦可發揮上 述作用效果。再者，固體潤滑劑之種類並不限定於第1實施形態中所採用之氟化合物，可選擇第1實施形態中所例示之群中之至少一種。
繼而，以第1前鏈輪22為例，參照圖5，對第1實施形態之滑動構件之製造方法進行說明。
於成為基材之第1前鏈輪22中，較佳為遮蔽除成為第1滑動構件22a之部分以外之部分。而且，於步驟S1中，使用脫脂清洗劑對成為第1滑動構件22a之部分進行脫脂處理而使表面成為清潔之狀態。於步驟S2中，去除形成於第1前鏈輪22之第1滑動構件22a之表面之氧化鋁覆膜。於步驟S3中，形成中間鍍敷層34。於第1實施形態中，於步驟S3之中間鍍敷層形成處理中，於基材30上形成第1中間鍍敷層34a，進而於第1中間鍍敷層34a上形成第2中間鍍敷層34b。此處，第1中間鍍敷層34a係藉由電鍍處理實施鍍鋅(Zn)，第2中間鍍敷層34b係藉由電鍍處理實施鍍鎳。再者，於變化例中，第2中間鍍敷層34b'係藉由電鍍處理鍍敷含有作為固體潤滑劑之氟化合物之鎳。其中，第2中間鍍敷層34b'之氟化合物之體積百分比少於滑動鍍敷層32。若形成中間鍍敷層34，則於其上藉由電鍍處理形成滑動鍍敷層32。滑動鍍敷層32係藉由電鍍處理鍍敷含有作為固體潤滑劑32a之氟化合物之粒子及作為硬質粒子32b之Al2O3之粒子之鎳。該等中間鍍敷層34及滑動鍍敷層32之膜厚係藉由電鍍處理被控制為上述值。
<第2實施形態>
如圖6及圖7所示，採用本發明之第2實施形態之曲柄組裝體120包括曲柄部121、以及本發明之第2實施形態之第1前鏈輪122及第2前鏈輪123。第1前鏈輪122及第2前鏈輪123係自行車用元件之一例。曲柄部121包含：曲柄臂125，其相對於前鏈輪122、123之旋轉中心軸沿徑向延伸；及鏈輪安裝部126，其與曲柄臂125一體形成。曲柄臂125於前端具有踏板安裝部125a，於基端具有曲柄軸安裝部125b。鏈輪安 裝部126包含：複數個(例如4個)安裝臂126a，其等以曲柄軸安裝部125b為中心呈放射狀延伸；及鏈輪固定部126b(圖6之左上方成為26b)，其凹設於各個安裝臂126a之前端部。於鏈輪固定部126b形成供螺入至第1前鏈輪122之固定用螺絲構件(例如螺栓構件)127(參照圖7)貫通之貫通孔126c。
第1前鏈輪122之齒數最多。第1前鏈輪122於安裝於未圖示之曲柄軸時，配置於在與前鏈輪122、123之旋轉中心軸相關之軸向上距車架1(參照圖1)最遠之外側。第2前鏈輪123之齒數少於第1前鏈輪122，且配置於在軸向上第1前鏈輪122之靠近車架1之內側。
第1前鏈輪122及第2前鏈輪123分別包含第1滑動構件122a及第2滑動構件123a(參照圖7)。第1滑動構件122a及第2滑動構件123a構成嚙合於鏈條17(參照圖1)之各個鏈輪之鏈輪齒。第1滑動構件122a係設置於徑向之最外側。第1前鏈輪122進而包含可與第1滑動構件122a一體旋轉地裝設之第1安裝部122c。因此，於第2實施形態中，第1滑動構件122a與固定於曲柄部121之鏈輪安裝部126之徑向之內側之第1安裝部122c分開地形成。第1滑動構件122a係金屬製(例如鈦製)之構件，第1安裝部122c係合成樹脂製(例如碳纖維強化樹脂製)之構件。第2實施形態之第1前鏈輪122係如圖7中以粗實線表示般，於金屬製之部分即第1滑動構件122a之表面形成圖8所示之滑動鍍敷層132及中間鍍敷層134。再者，亦可將滑動鍍敷層132及中間鍍敷層134僅局部(例如鏈輪齒之形成部分)地設置於第1滑動構件122a。如圖7所示，第1安裝部122c包含：外側構件122d，其係將複數片碳纖維之預浸體放入至模具而成型；及內側構件122e，其與外側構件122d對向地配置。內側構件122e係與外側構件122d同樣地將複數片碳纖維之預浸體放入至模具而成型。內側構件122e與第2前鏈輪123對向地配置。又，第1安裝部122c具有利用嵌入成形等適當之成形方法使螺合於螺絲構件127之螺 帽構件122g一體形成之合成樹脂製(例如聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚縮醛樹脂等合成樹脂製)之螺帽安裝部122f。第1滑動構件122a、外側構件122d、內側構件122e、及螺帽安裝部122f係例如藉由接著劑或一體成型而固定。
如圖7中以粗實線表示般，第2前鏈輪123之第2滑動構件123a係自位於與第2安裝部123c之交界部分之第2階差部123b朝徑向外側設置。因此，與第1實施形態同樣地，第2前鏈輪123係將第2滑動構件123a與第2安裝部123c一體地形成。
如圖8所示，第2實施形態之第1前鏈輪122之第1滑動構件122a包括：基材130，其構成鏈輪齒；滑動鍍敷層132，其含有固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b；及中間鍍敷層134，其配置於基材130與滑動鍍敷層132之間，提高基材130與滑動鍍敷層132之密接性。基材130係選自由與第1實施形態相同之金屬及其合金所組成之金屬群中之至少一種。於第2實施形態中，基材130例如為鈦合金製。滑動鍍敷層132及中間鍍敷層134係含有選自由與第1實施形態相同之金屬所組成之群中之至少一種金屬的鍍敷層。於第2實施形態中，滑動鍍敷層132含有鎳。滑動鍍敷層132如於圖8之A部放大表示般，進而含有固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b。固體潤滑劑32a含有選自與第1實施形態相同之群中之至少一種粒子。於第2實施形態中，選擇聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作為氟化合物。因此，於第2實施形態中，滑動鍍敷層132具有含有氟化合物之粒子之鍍鎳層。第2實施形態中之作為固體潤滑劑32a之氟化合物之粒子之含有率為滑動鍍敷層132之30體積百分比以上且70體積百分比以下。於第2實施形態中，含有率為40體積百分比以上且50體積百分比以下。又，硬質粒子32b含有選自與第1實施形態相同之群中之至少一種粒子。於第2實施形態中，與第1實施形態同樣地選擇ZrO2。硬質粒子32b之含量與第1實施形態相同。
中間鍍敷層134於第2實施形態中包含第1中間鍍敷層134a及第2中間鍍敷層134b。第1中間鍍敷層134a形成於基材130之外表面。於第2實施形態中，第1中間鍍敷層134a例如含有鋅。第2中間鍍敷層134b係形成於第1中間鍍敷層134a與滑動鍍敷層132之間。第2中間鍍敷層134b例如含有鎳。因此，於第2實施形態中，滑動鍍敷層132與第2中間鍍敷層134b含有同種金屬(鎳)。第1中間鍍敷層134a及第2中間鍍敷層134b不含固體潤滑劑。滑動鍍敷層132與中間鍍敷層134之膜厚之合計為2μm以上且20μm以下，滑動鍍敷層132之膜厚為1μm以上且15μm以下。中間鍍敷層134之膜厚為1μm以上且5μm以下。又，中間鍍敷層134之膜厚較佳為滑動鍍敷層132之膜厚之50%以下。於第2實施形態中，中間鍍敷層134之膜厚為滑動鍍敷層132之膜厚之10%以上且30%以下。滑動鍍敷層132及中間鍍敷層134係藉由電鍍處理而形成。藉此，滑動鍍敷層132及中間鍍敷層134之膜厚控制變得容易。
如圖9所示，第2實施形態之第2前鏈輪123之第2滑動構件123a中，包含圖9之A部放大表示之固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b之滑動鍍敷層132相同，但中間鍍敷層134'不同於第1前鏈輪122之第1滑動構件122a。即，中間鍍敷層134'僅由鋅之一種金屬鍍敷層構成。中間鍍敷層134'之膜厚與第1前鏈輪122之第1滑動構件122a相同。於中間鍍敷層134'不含固體潤滑劑，但亦可含有固體潤滑劑。
於此種構成之第1滑動構件122a及第2滑動構件123a中，並非於基材130上直接形成滑動鍍敷層132，而係將用以提高基材130與滑動鍍敷層132之密接性之中間鍍敷層134(或134')配置於基材130與滑動鍍敷層132之間。因此，即便增加固體潤滑劑32a之含有率而提高滑動鍍敷層132之滑動性能，滑動鍍敷層132與中間鍍敷層134(或134')之密接性、及中間鍍敷層134(或134')與基材130之密接性亦變高，而進一步使滑動鍍敷層132不易剝離。又，由於滑動鍍敷層132中含有硬質粒子 32b，故而即便滑動鍍敷層132含有固體潤滑劑32a，與僅含有固體潤滑劑32a之情形相比，亦使滑動鍍敷層132變得硬質。因此，可維持滑動鍍敷層132之滑動性能並抑制滑動鍍敷層132之磨耗。
又，由於基材130由輕量且耐蝕性較高之鈦製造，故而可實現第1滑動構件122a及第2滑動構件123a之輕量化，並且能夠耐受於室外之使用。
<第3實施形態>
如圖10及圖11所示，採用本發明之第3實施形態之後鏈輪組裝體11包含分別齒數不同之第1後鏈輪41至第9後鏈輪49之例如9個後鏈輪。第1後鏈輪41至第9後鏈輪49係自行車用元件之一例。第1後鏈輪41之齒數例如為「11」且齒數最少。第9後鏈輪49之齒數例如為「32」且齒數最多。第2後鏈輪42至第8後鏈輪48之齒數係設定為其間之適當齒數。第1後鏈輪41至第9後鏈輪49可一體地旋轉地安裝於未圖示之後輪之後輪轂。於圖11中表示第3後鏈輪43作為後鏈輪之一例。第3後鏈輪43包含：滑動構件43a，其構成鏈輪齒；及安裝部43b，其配置於滑動構件43a之內周側，且安裝於後輪轂。其他後鏈輪亦同樣地包含滑動構件及安裝部。滑動構件43a構成鏈輪齒，且設置於徑向最外側。於圖11中以虛線表示滑動構件43a與安裝部43b之交界部分。
如圖12所示，滑動構件43a包含：基材230；滑動鍍敷層232，其含有圖12之A部放大表示之固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b；及中間鍍敷層234，其配置於基材230與滑動鍍敷層232之間，提高基材230與滑動鍍敷層232之密接性。基材230係選自第1實施形態中所例示之金屬群中之至少一種，於第3實施形態中，基材230係選擇含有不鏽鋼之鐵。滑動鍍敷層232係選自第1實施形態中所例示之複數個金屬群中之至少一種金屬，於第3實施形態中，選擇使固體潤滑劑32a分散共析之鎳。固體潤滑劑32a係選自由第1實施形態中所例示之複數種物質所組 成之群中之一種，於第3實施形態中，與第1實施形態同樣地選擇聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作為氟化合物。硬質粒子32b係選自由第1實施形態中所例示之複數種物質所組成之群中之一種，於第3實施形態中，與第1實施形態同樣地選擇ZrO2。中間鍍敷層234係選自第1實施形態中所例示之複數個金屬群中之至少一種金屬，於第3實施形態中，選擇鎳。於第3實施形態中，中間鍍敷層234中不含固體潤滑劑。再者，滑動鍍敷層及中間鍍敷層之膜厚以及固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b之比率等其他構成與第1實施形態相同，故而省略說明。
於此種構成之第3實施形態之後鏈輪組裝體11中，除了發揮上述作用效果以外，而且可提高後鏈輪組裝體11之耐蝕性。
<第3實施形態之變化例>
於第3實施形態中，滑動構件43a之基材230係含有不鏽鋼之鐵製，但於圖13所示之變化例中，滑動構件43a'之基材230'並非鐵製，而係使複數種金屬積層而成之披覆材製。於第3實施形態之變化例中，例如基材230'係使用於不鏽鋼之間夾著鋁而積層而成之披覆材。包含圖13之A處放大表示之固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b之滑動鍍敷層232及中間鍍敷層234與第3實施形態相同。
<第4實施形態>
如圖14及圖15所示，採用本發明之第4實施形態之作為自行車用元件之鏈條17包含：一對外側連桿板350；一對內側連桿板351，其等與一對外側連桿板350交替地配置；連結銷352，其連結兩連桿板350、351；及輥353，其配置於一對內側連桿板351之內側，且繞連結銷352之軸旋轉自如。
外側連桿板350及內側連桿板351係藉由對例如厚度為0.8mm~1.0mm左右之含有不鏽鋼之鋼板進行打孔加工而形成為兩端為圓形之葫蘆形之板狀構件。於外側連桿板350及內側連桿板351之兩端部分別 形成可供連結銷352貫通之連結孔350b、351b。外側連桿板350、內側連桿板351、連結銷352、及輥353分別具有與圖12所示之後鏈輪43相同之構成之滑動構件350a、351a、352a、353a。滑動構件350a、351a、352a、353a係設置於圖14及圖15中以粗實線表示之區域。此處，如圖12所示，滑動構件350a、351a、352a、353a包含：基材230；滑動鍍敷層232，其含有圖12之A部放大表示之固體潤滑劑32a；及中間鍍敷層234，其配置於基材230與滑動鍍敷層232之間，提高基材230與滑動鍍敷層232之密接性。再者，滑動鍍敷層232及中間鍍敷層234之膜厚以及固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b之比率等其他構成與第1實施形態相同，故而省略說明。
於此種構成之鏈條17中，除了發揮上述作用效果以外，而且能夠降低曲柄組裝體20與後鏈輪組裝體11之間之滑動阻力，從而能夠進一步提高旋轉傳遞效率。又，亦可提高鏈條17之耐蝕性。
<第5實施形態>
於上述第1實施形態至第4實施形態中，以自行車用元件為例對本發明進行了說明，但於第5實施形態及其以後，以釣魚用具用元件為例對本發明進行說明。
如圖16所示，採用第5實施形態之釣線引導件454係固定於釣竿452之外周面之構件。釣線引導件454係釣魚用具用元件之一例。釣線引導件454包含：固定部455，其固定於釣竿452之外周面；腳部456，其自固定部455立起；引導框架457，其形成於腳部456之頭端，且具有沿釣竿452之軸向貫通之貫通孔457a；及引導環458，其嵌入至貫通孔457a，可供釣線L插通。
引導環458係可供釣線插通內部之環狀構件。引導環458具有滑動構件458a。如圖17所示，滑動構件458a包含：環狀之基材430；滑動鍍敷層432，其包含於圖17之A部放大表示之固體潤滑劑32a及硬質 粒子32b；及中間鍍敷層434，其配置於基材430與滑動鍍敷層432之間，提高基材430與滑動鍍敷層432之密接性。基材430係例如不鏽鋼(SUS)等硬質金屬製之環狀構件。滑動鍍敷層432及中間鍍敷層434係以覆蓋基材430之全周之方式形成。基材430係與圖12所示之第3實施形態相同之構成。再者，滑動鍍敷層432及中間鍍敷層434之膜厚以及固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b之比率等其他構成與第1實施形態相同，故而省略說明。
於此種構成之釣線引導件454中，除了發揮上述作用效果以外，而且與釣線之滑動阻力變小，從而可減少線故障。並且，即便頻繁發生與釣線L之接觸，亦不易磨耗引導環458。
<第6實施形態>
如圖18及圖19所示，採用第6實施形態之作為釣魚用具用元件之小齒輪560係用於雙軸承捲盤、電動捲盤、紡車式捲盤(spinning reel)等釣魚用捲盤。小齒輪560具有滑動構件560a。滑動構件560a係具有線軸16貫通中心之附有階差之貫通孔560b的筒狀構件。滑動構件560a係經由軸承將兩端旋轉自如且可於軸向上移動地支持於未圖示之捲盤本體。滑動構件560a包含離合器卡合部560c、齒輪部560d、及收縮部560e。離合器卡合部560c係供未圖示之離合器銷卡合之槽。齒輪部560d具有供可與把手連動而旋轉之未圖示之驅動齒輪嚙合之齒輪齒。收縮部560e卡合於使未圖示之離合器機構動作之離合器控制機構。小齒輪560於離合器卡合部卡合於離合器銷之接通位置、及離合器卡合部自離合器銷脫離之斷開位置移動。該等構成為公知，故而省略詳細說明。
如圖20所示，滑動構件560a包含：基材530；滑動鍍敷層532，其含有於圖20之A部放大表示之固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b；及中間鍍敷層534，其配置於基材530與滑動鍍敷層532之間，提高基材530與 滑動鍍敷層532之密接性。此處，於滑動構件560a中，在圖18中以粗實線表示之位置及於圖19中加陰影之位置形成滑動鍍敷層532及中間鍍敷層534。因此，於第6實施形態中，於滑動構件560a中之齒輪部560d並未設置滑動鍍敷層532及中間鍍敷層534。其原因在於，雖然於小齒輪560之製造過程之中途形成該等鍍敷層，但於製造之最終階段藉由切削加工而形成齒輪部560d。再者，亦可於形成齒輪部後進行鍍敷處理，而於齒輪部亦設置滑動鍍敷層及中間鍍敷層。
如圖20所示，基材530由選自第1實施形態中所例示之金屬群中之一種金屬製造。於第6實施形態中，選擇黃銅。再者，基材530亦可為不鏽鋼製。黃銅係強度較高之高抗拉黃銅。滑動鍍敷層532係選自第1實施形態中所例示之複數個金屬群中之至少一種金屬，於第6實施形態中，選擇使固體潤滑劑32a分散共析之鎳。固體潤滑劑係選自由第1實施形態中所例示之複數種物質所組成之群中之一種，於第6實施形態中，與第1實施形態同樣地選擇聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作為氟化合物。硬質粒子32b係選自由第1實施形態中所例示之複數種物質所組成之群中之一種，於第6實施形態中，與第1實施形態同樣地選擇ZrO2。中間鍍敷層534係選自第1實施形態中所例示之複數個金屬群中之至少一種金屬，於第6實施形態中，選擇銅。於第6實施形態中，中間鍍敷層534中不含固體潤滑劑。再者，滑動鍍敷層532及中間鍍敷層534之膜厚以及固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b之比率等其他構成與第1實施形態相同，故而省略說明。
於此種構成之第6實施形態之小齒輪中，除了發揮上述作用效果以外，而且由於包含由軸承支持之兩端在內形成滑動鍍敷層，故而旋轉效率提高。又，向接通位置與斷開位置之朝軸向之移動時之滑動阻力變小，從而可順利地進行離合器之接通斷開。
<其他實施形態>
以上，對本發明之一實施形態進行了說明，但本發明並不限定於上述實施形態，可於不脫離發明之主旨之範圍內進行各種變更。尤其是，本說明書所揭示之複數個實施形態及變化例可視需要任意地組合。
(a)於上述實施形態中，作為固體潤滑劑，選擇聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作為氟化合物，但本發明並不限定於此。固體潤滑劑只要含有選自由上述氮化硼、二硫化鉬、及聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物所組成之群中之至少一種粒子即可。
(b)於上述實施形態中，作為滑動鍍敷層，例示有鍍鎳層，但本發明並不限定於此。滑動鍍敷層亦可含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之金屬。
(c)於上述實施形態中，作為自行車用元件，例示有曲柄組裝體之鏈輪、後鏈輪組裝體之鏈輪、自行車用鏈條，作為釣魚用具用元件，例示有釣線引導件及小齒輪，但本發明並不限定於此。包含本發明之滑動構件之自行車用元件亦可為例如可連結刹車裝置與刹車操作裝置、或變速裝置與變速操作裝置等之控制纜線。又，亦可將本發明之滑動構件用於刹車桿16之桿部分、內裝或外裝變速裝置之滑動部分。進而，作為釣魚用具用元件，亦可於捲線用線軸或引曳調整用螺絲部分、或者釣鉤使用滑動構件。
(d)於上述實施形態中，作為硬質粒子32b，例示有ZrO2，但本發明並不限定於此。硬質粒子32b只要為選自由奈米金剛石、ZrO2、SiC(碳化矽)、Al2O3(氧化鋁)、BN(氮化硼)所組成之群中之至少一種即可。
(e)於上述實施形態中，將滑動層設為鍍敷層，但本發明並不限定於此。滑動層亦可為鍍敷層以外之層。例如，亦可藉由離子鍍等薄 膜形成處理形成滑動層。
(f)於上述實施形態中，設置有中間層，但亦可如圖21所示般，不設置中間鍍敷層而於基材630上直接形成含有固體潤滑劑32a及硬質粒子32b之滑動層632。
(g)上述各實施形態中所示之基材、中間鍍敷層、滑動鍍敷層之各組合亦可應用於其他實施形態。
22a‧‧‧滑動構件
23a‧‧‧滑動構件
24a‧‧‧滑動構件
30‧‧‧基材
32‧‧‧滑動鍍敷層
32a‧‧‧固體潤滑劑
32b‧‧‧硬質粒子
34‧‧‧中間鍍敷層
34a‧‧‧第1中間鍍敷層
34b‧‧‧第2中間鍍敷層
A‧‧‧部位

Claims (19)

  1. 一種滑動構件，其包括：基材；滑動層，其配置於上述基材之至少一部分，且含有固體潤滑劑及較上述固體潤滑劑硬之硬質粒子；及中間層，其配置於上述基材與上述滑動層之間，提高上述基材與上述滑動層之密接性；上述滑動層係為含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之至少一種金屬之鍍敷層；其中上述滑動層之上述固體潤滑劑含有氟化合物之粒子；及其中上述氟化合物之粒子之含有率為30體積百分比以上且70體積百分比以下。
  2. 如請求項1之滑動構件，其中上述基材係選自由含有不鏽鋼之鐵、鋁、鈦、使複數種金屬重疊而成之披覆材及其等之合金所組成之金屬群中之至少一種。
  3. 如請求項1或2之滑動構件，其中上述中間層係為含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之至少一種金屬之鍍敷層。
  4. 如請求項3之滑動構件其中上述滑動層及上述中間層係為含有選自由鎳、銅、錫、及鋅所組成之群中之同種金屬之鍍敷層。
  5. 如請求項1之滑動構件，其中上述中間層含有較上述滑動層所含有之固體潤滑劑量少之固體潤滑劑。
  6. 如請求項1之滑動構件，其中上述中間層不含固體潤滑劑。
  7. 如請求項1之滑動構件，其中上述滑動層之上述固體潤滑劑含有選自由氮化硼、二硫化鉬、及聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯 共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物所組成之群中之至少一種粒子。
  8. 如請求項5之滑動構件，其中上述中間層之上述固體潤滑劑含有選自由氮化硼、二硫化鉬、及聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物所組成之群中之至少一種粒子。
  9. 如請求項5之滑動構件，其中上述中間層之上述固體潤滑劑含有氟化合物之粒子。
  10. 如請求項1之滑動構件，其中上述氟化合物係選自由聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物所組成之群中之至少一種。
  11. 如請求項9之滑動構件，其中上述氟化合物之粒子之含有率為30體積百分比以上且70體積百分比以下。
  12. 如請求項9之滑動構件，其中上述氟化合物係選自由聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯及四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物所組成之群中之至少一種。
  13. 如請求項1或2之滑動構件，其中上述硬質粒子係選自由奈米金剛石、ZrO2、SiC(碳化矽)、Al2O3(氧化鋁)、BN(氮化硼)所組成之群中之至少一種。
  14. 如請求項1或2之滑動構件，其中上述鍍敷層係藉由電鍍處理而形成。
  15. 一種自行車用元件，其使用如請求項1至14中任一項之上述滑動構件。
  16. 如請求項15之自行車元件，其中上述自行車元件係前鏈輪。
  17. 如請求項15之自行車元件，其中上述自行車元件係後鏈輪。
  18. 如請求項15之自行車元件，其中上述自行車元件係鏈條。
  19. 一種釣魚用具用元件，其係用於釣魚用具者，且使用如請求項1至14中任一項之上述滑動構件。
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