TWI603947B - 胺基環丁烷之衍生物、其製備方法及其用作藥物之用途 - Google Patents
胺基環丁烷之衍生物、其製備方法及其用作藥物之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI603947B TWI603947B TW102144198A TW102144198A TWI603947B TW I603947 B TWI603947 B TW I603947B TW 102144198 A TW102144198 A TW 102144198A TW 102144198 A TW102144198 A TW 102144198A TW I603947 B TWI603947 B TW I603947B
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- A61P29/02—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID] without antiinflammatory effect
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Description
本發明關注胺基環丁烷之衍生物以及其之製備方法及其等在人類醫療中的用途。
NMDA亞型(N-甲基-D-天冬胺酸)的麩胺酸受體係為離子型受體,主要可通透Ca++離子的。生理上,它們的活化引發離子通道的開啟並產生一僅能緩慢失活的傳入電流。此受體的刺激要求麩胺酸(內源性促效劑)與甘胺酸或D-絲胺酸(內源共促效劑)的同時存在,以及由非NMDA電流引起的原生質膜去極化。NMDA受體係廣泛分佈貫穿中樞神經系統,且亦存在於周邊的。它們係於神經元、星形膠細胞及寡樹突膠細胞中發現的(Karadottir等人於“2005,Nature,438,1162-1166”)。在神經元層次,它們主要位於突觸後中,但亦在沿軸突突觸外區域中。NMDA受體在傳訊及在神經可塑性以及在興奮性毒性中扮演關鍵角色。
NMDA受體的生理活性對正常的神經功能係為必需的(Chen及Lipton於“2006,J.Neurochem.,97,1611-1626”)。另一方面,這些受體的過度活化係涉及急
性神經病症,舉例而言中風或顱創傷,與慢性壓力狀況,舉例而言神經退化性病症兩者。這也是導致癲癇發作之過度興奮的主要原因。其係有眾多認為與NMDA受體過度活化相關聯的病變,且因此潛在地可能對NMDA拮抗劑敏感的。下者可以作為例子給出:癲癇、神經退化性病症諸如亨丁頓氏症、帕金森氏症、阿滋海默氏症、中風、肌萎縮側索硬化症或多發性硬化症、AIDS相關的失智症、焦慮症、抑鬱症和疼痛症候群。
在本發明中,申請人尤其著重於式(1)NMDA受體拮抗劑的抗抑鬱劑與鎮痛劑性質。
在本發明之上下文中,術語“慢性疼痛”表示疼痛症候群其歷時超過多於三個月之期間,但其嚴重程度可以在該時間過程中變化。另一方面,術語“急性疼痛”表示疼痛持續不到三個月者。
在本發明之發明範圍內,疼痛係定義為一種不正常、不愉快、甚至痛苦的感覺與情緒經驗,該者係於大腦皮層之最高層感知與整合的,這給予該者一情緒與情感性的本質。“鎮痛”,我們意指回應一疼痛刺激所感覺到的疼痛強度中的下降。“鎮痛藥物”(或“鎮痛劑”),我們意指一藥物其緩和或抑制疼痛而不會導致感覺或意識的喪失。
不同病因的疼痛要求不同的醫療策略。一般地,取決於所涉及的機制,疼痛有數種類別:- 歸因於周邊或內臟組織之傷害或激化(舉例而言發炎)所引致的過度痛覺(nociception)的疼痛;
- 神經病性(或神經性)疼痛係相關於軀體感覺系統的傷害或相關於功能異常或破壞;該者不同於痛覺性疼痛,因為它具有不同的症狀學;- 心因性(或特發性疼痛)係為在缺乏傷害下而存在的疼痛。這種類型的疼痛的生理機制係沒有明確界定。該者一般對鎮痛劑有抗性的。
不過,某些疼痛具有共通於數種類型疼痛的特性。舉例而言,對下背部疼痛或癌症疼痛是這種情況,該二者呈現為由過度痛覺造成的疼痛形式,或在神經病性疼痛的形式,或在大多數情況下,這兩者之混合。
抑鬱症在精神病學中係定義為一種情感性病症。其特徵為失去激勵合併或不合併不同的症狀,諸如絕望、自卑、焦慮、痛楚,且在極端情況下,幻覺。它往往是多因素的,並且通常具有多種原因。
據報導,大約7%的歐洲人患有抑鬱症,而其中三分之一對臨床上使用的抗抑鬱劑有抗性的。抑鬱症在社會的15-44歲年齡組中的支出在所有已知病變之間為最高的。本發明之一目的係為描述新的NMDA拮抗劑其在此適應症中具有有利的性質,因為其現存的治療並不完全令人滿意。
在小鼠中已經顯示慢性投藥具有不同作用機制的抗抑鬱劑(單胺氧化酶抑制劑、三環類、血清素再吸收抑制劑(SSRI),或混合的血清素及正腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑)修正NMDA受體的分佈與密度。在大鼠中,氯胺酮,
一種NMDA受體拮抗劑,腹膜內途徑的急性投藥降低在強迫游泳試驗中的不動時間,該試驗為一已確認的臨床前模型,用於檢測分子的抗抑鬱活性。此外,最近的研究指出,氯胺酮在人類中具有抗抑鬱性質。因此藉由靜脈內途徑投藥單次亞麻醉劑量氯胺酮至抗藥性抑鬱症的患者顯著地改善他們的狀況,且這僅在注射後2個小時。該所獲得的抗抑鬱效果並且持續超過一個星期(Zarate等人於“2006,Arch.Gen.Psychiatry,63,856-864”)。此作用的快速性對比於以常規抗抑鬱劑,換言之第一代三環類與SSRIs或SNRIs,反應發生所花費的時間,後面數者在獲得任何有益效果之前要求數個星期的治療。所以,似乎NMDA受體拮抗劑,且特別是氯胺酮,在抑鬱症治療中為有效的,特別是對現有藥物有抗性的抑鬱症的治療。
疼痛治療的醫療需求係可觀的。事實上,不可
估量數量的個體係患有急性疼痛,且在歐洲及美國超過五分之一的成年人患有慢性疼痛(Johannes等人於“2010,J.Pain,11,1230-1239”)。本發明之目的係為描述式(1)化合物擁有的有利鎮痛性質,以及它們在急性與慢性疼痛治療中開啟的醫療性觀點。
在動物及人類上的許多研究已經顯示的是諸如
氯胺酮之NMDA受體拮抗劑可以緩解許多病因學型的疼痛,諸如,舉例而言,神經病性、術後或癌症疼痛(Cohen等人於“2011,Adv.Psychosom.Med.,30,139-161”)。因此,透過靜脈途徑的氯胺酮在對常規抗抑鬱劑治療有抗性
的患者中降低了神經病性疼痛。它在具CRPS(複雜性局部疼痛症候群)的患者中亦改善了異常性疼痛與痛覺過敏(Finch等人於“2009,Pain,146,18-25”)。作為一佐劑,手術全期投藥低劑量的氯胺酮降低了鎮痛劑的消耗且限制了手術後的急性嗎啡耐受性(Elia與Tramer於“2005,Pain,113,61-70”)。作為預防性治療,氯胺酮與右美沙芬(dextromethorphan)(另一種NMDA拮抗劑)改善術後疼痛的處理(Muir於“2006,Current Opinion in Pharmacology,6,53-60”)。氯胺酮似乎亦防止慢性術後疼痛的發生(Wilder-Smith等人於“2002,Pain,97,189-194”)。以其它NMDA拮抗劑諸如金剛烷胺(amantadine)或MK-81在神經性疼痛中所獲得的結果仍然為不確切的(Muir於2006,已經引用的)。
NMDA通道的開啟造成細胞內鈣的提高,該者
活化,除了其它之外,NO合成酶與第II型環加氧酶,導致前列腺素的合成(PGs)。藉由抑制該等PGs,尤其是PGE2,NMDA拮抗劑因此在發炎症狀的調控上具有直接的影響(Beloeil等人於“2009,Anesth.Analg.,109,943-950”)。NMDA拮抗劑之此種互補的抗發炎活性在治療發炎性起源的急性或慢性疼痛中可以為有利的。同樣地,NMDA受體係於軟骨細胞中表現並有助於細胞的機械功能(Salter等人於“2004,Biorheology,41,273-281”)。特別地,它們似乎涉及了其等之增生與發炎,導致關節軟骨的破壞(Piepoli等人於“2009,Osteoarthritis and Cartilage,17,
1076-1083”)。由於關節軟骨在成人中不會再生,NMDA拮抗劑的使用因此似乎特別有利於防止或減緩伴隨某些病理狀況下的關節軟骨破壞,諸如,舉例而言,發炎性單關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、敗血性關節炎、骨關節炎、類風濕關節炎(rheumatoid arthiris)、痛風、椎關節炎、急性非關節性風濕(acute abarticular rheumatism)。
不過,NMDA拮抗劑在人類臨床上的有效性係
受限於其等之非所欲效果,特別是在中樞神經系統上,且尤其是在該重複治療過程。在NMDA拮抗劑副作用中,我們可以列出,舉例而言:幻覺、精神錯亂、人格障礙、惡夢、情緒激動、注意力不集中、情緒變化、驚厥、鎮靜、嗜睡、噁心(Aarts及Tymianski於“2003,Biochem.Pharmacol.,66,877-886”)。這些副作用起因於該項事實,NMDA拮抗劑不僅阻斷過度活化的麩胺酸/NMDA系統,亦破壞其之正常生理功能。所以,改善臨床上可用NMDA拮抗劑的風險效益比似乎是在實踐上不可或缺的。
當待治療的疼痛類型適合時,舉例而言在關節
炎的事例中,NMDA拮抗劑的風險效益比可以藉由限制其在中樞神經系統上的作用而改善,舉例而言藉助於局部施用。因此,化合物在標靶組織中的濃度係遠高於其在血液中的濃度,從而降低毒性的風險。因而,數種NMDA拮抗劑已經研究了硬膜外或局部途徑。局部施用氯胺酮已經在不由常規藥物緩解的神經病性疼痛的治療中顯示為有效的。NMDA拮抗劑與一或多種其它鎮痛劑的不同聯合亦已
在局部施用中研究了。舉例而言,氯胺酮或其它NMDA拮抗劑已合併抗抑鬱劑或抗高血壓藥(US 6 387 957);抗癲癇藥(WO 03/061656、WO 98/07447、WO 99/12537、US 20040204366、WO 2010036937);腎上腺素促效劑(US 20040101582);或阿片類(WO 2000003716)。
考慮到NMDA受體在許多精神科及神經系統病症中扮演極其重要的角色,它們已經是精深研究的主題,且大量的拮抗劑/阻斷劑/調節劑已經描述了。它們可以概括地分成三個主要群組,就其在NMDA受體上的作用位點。所以,它們包括:
1.競爭性拮抗劑其靶定麩胺酸結合位點,舉例而言賽福太(selfotel)、培淨福太(perzinfotel)及其前驅藥(WO 2009029618),或甘胺酸結合位點,舉例而言加維斯替奈(gavestinel)、GV-196771(Wallace等人於“2002,Neurology,59,1694-1700”)與在專利申請案WO 2010037533中報導的喹啉,兩者任一的。這一類還包括甘胺酸位點的部分促效劑,諸如D-環絲胺酸(US 2011160260)。
2)非競爭性(或變構)拮抗劑其作用於受體調節的許多調節劑位點上,諸如,舉例而言,聚胺與苯乙醇胺位點。屬於這個家族的化合物是目前臨床上最研究的。最頂級競爭者之一為艾芬地爾(ifenprodil)(23210-56-2),且該者對NMDA受體更具選擇性的衍生物目前正在進行臨床評估,諸如,舉例而言,雀斯戴皮洛(traxodopril)、RGH-896、MK-0657、EVT-101及EVT-103(Mony等人於“2009,Br.J.
Pharmacol.,157,1301-1317”)。
3)非競爭性拮抗劑,通道孔隙阻斷劑。這是臨床上已經最成功的一群組,因為氯胺酮(Ketalar®,麻醉劑/鎮痛)、右美沙芬(Atuxane®,鎮咳)、美金剛(memantine)(Ebixa®,抗阿滋海默氏症)、金剛烷胺(Mantadix®,抗病毒藥然後抗帕金森氏症)、非爾胺酯(felbamate)(Taloxa®,抗驚厥藥)係為市售的。苯環己哌啶(Sernyl®)開發作為麻醉劑已經從市場退出,卓西平(dizocilpine)(MK-801)不是市售的藥物。
本發明之該化合物屬於非競爭性拮抗劑的後者族群,該者阻斷NMDA受體通道。這類型化合物的主要優勢在於該事實,它們不阻斷該通道,除非它是開啟的;所以NMDA受體活性越極度,它們越為有效的。我們亦可以輕易地看出,影響通道開啟之頻率與持續時間的該等阻斷劑/拮抗劑的生物物理特性將在其藥理活性與風險/效益比中扮演重要角色。這種類型的數種化合物已被臨床研究,諸如,舉例而言,CNS-5161(160754-76-7)、奈美胺(neramexane)(219810-59-0)、迪米拉西坦(dimiracetam)(126100-97-8)、V-3381(1104525-45-2)、NEU-2000(640290-67-1)。其它的是在臨床前階段,其中我們引用作為例子的:噁唑烷(oxazolidines)在專利申請案WO 2009092324中主張的;二氫茚(indanes)(WO 2009069610);二芳基乙胺(WO 2010074647);芳環己胺(WO 2010142890);氯胺酮及苯環己哌啶類似物
(Zarantonello等人於“2011,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,21,2059-2063”)。
本發明關注由通式(1)所代表之該等衍生物:
其中:- X1代表氫原子或氟原子;- X2為氫原子或氟原子或氯原子;- R1代表氫原子或氟原子或氯原子或甲基或甲氧基或氰基;- R2獨立地或一起代表一甲基或乙基。
較佳地,根據本發明通式(1)之該等化合物係為那些其中:- X1代表氫原子或氟原子;- X2為氫原子或氟原子或氯原子;- R1代表氫原子或氟原子或氯原子或甲基或甲氧基或氰基;- R2為一乙基。
本發明之化合物可能以純非鏡像異構物,或以非鏡像異構物之混合物介入。更具體地說,本發明有關於
一種純非鏡像異構物,在該者中,1-甲醯胺基與3-胺基佔據由環丁烷界定該平面的相對側。該等取代基之間的此種立體化學關係在本發明中稱為“反式”。所以,本發明有關下列產物的純反式非鏡像異構物:- 反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二甲基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氰基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,
- 反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺。
以及其等之藥學上可接受鹽類。
圖1顯示化合物(1a1)與氯胺酮對預脈衝(PPI)的抑制百分比之影響。
該術語“純的非鏡像異構物”表示通式(1)之化合物的該“反式”非鏡像異構物中含有少於5%的“順式”非鏡像異構物,換言之,在後者中,該1-甲醯胺基與該3-胺基佔據由環丁烷界定該平面的相同半空間。
該術語“非鏡像異構物”在本發明之上下文中表示非為彼此鏡像的立體異構物。
該術語“立體異構物”在本發明之上下文中表示相同構成的異構物,但就其原子在空間中的排列有差異的。
該技術之最近狀態係藉由在專利申請案WO 2003063797中所描述且具有下式的衍生物所代表:
其中:m與p獨立地等於0、1、2或3;虛線代表雙鍵,當R1a不存在時;
R1可以為NR6R7基團,其中R6與R7可能代表一氫原子;R1a可以為一氫原子;R2可以為經取代或未經取代的芳基;J可以為一個鍵;R3可以為-C(Z1)-R5基團,其中R5可能代表NR6aR7a基;R6a與R7a可能代表經取代或未經取代的烷基,且Z1可能代表一羰基(C=O);Rx可以為對該環中所有可用碳原子之一或數個經取代或未附接的基(團),但亦為一氫原子。
因此,本專利申請案涵蓋了可觀的化合物,該者中大部分為環丁烷型(m=0且p=1)。在後者中,僅有四個在該專利中給定作為例子。此關注下式之化合物:
其中G係為NH2或N(CH3)2或NH(CH2CH3)或NH(CH2CHCH2)基。
在此專利申請案中之該等化合物係主張為由Kv1型電壓依賴性鉀通道所產生之電流的抑制劑,且特別
是由同型異構物Kv1.5所產生的電流。
它們在廣泛範圍的適應症中係呈現為有用的,不包括抑鬱症或疼痛的治療。
重要的是要提及的是,本發明之該等化合物不與鉀離子通道交互作用的,且特別是Kv1.5類型的通道。再者,本發明該等化合物的NMDA拮抗劑活性係發現對式(1)化合物中的結構變化高度敏感的。因此,NMDA拮抗劑活性係抑制的,當:1)該1-甲醯胺基還原為一1-胺基甲基時,諸如專利WO 2003/063797中之該環丁烷化合物者;2)在環丁烷上位置3之該胺基係不同於一初級胺基時(NH2)。在專利申請案WO 2003063797中,該3-胺基係由一C(G)=NCN基團取代;3)該1-芳基與3-胺基之間的該“順式”立體化學不存在時。事實上,當該1-芳基與該3-胺基係於“反式”立體化學中時,該對應的化合物對NMDA受體沒有親和力。
該技術之狀態亦係藉由在專利申請WO 99/52848中所描述且對應於下式的衍生物所代表:
其中:X係不同於一氫原子;
A可以為是NR7基其中R7不同於一氫原子;R3可以為一C(O)NR8R10基團,其中R8與R10可以為C1-C4烷基鏈。該等化合物係主張為第4型磷酸二酯酶的選擇性抑制劑,有用於治療發炎及自體免疫疾病。本發明之該等化合物所以不同於在申請案WO 99/52848中所描述的那些者,就其化學結構與其藥理活性兩方面而言。
該技術之狀態亦藉由專利申請案WO 2010/112597中所描述且具有下列通式的衍生物所代表:
其中:a可以為一單鍵;Ar代表一經取代或未經取代的苯基,或一吡啶-3-基中心其由一或多個鹵原子或烷基或烷氧化物基團或由一氰基取代者;R1與R2可以獨立地或一起代表一C1-C6烷基。
相反於專利申請案WO 2010/112597之該等化合物,本發明之那些者對血清素及正腎上腺素再吸收位點不具有親和力。式(1)之該等化合物因此不同於在申請案WO 2010/112597所描述的那些者,不僅就其化學結構而言,且亦就其藥理學活性而言。
該技術之狀態最終係藉由專利申請案WO 2000/051607中所描述且具有下列通式的化合物所代表:
其中R12與R13代表C1-C6烷基或C2-C6烯基或C2-C6炔基,經取代或未經取代的。
該衍生物係為在預防或治療某些發炎或免疫系
統疾病中為有用的趨化素調節劑。本發明之化合物於此再次從而不同於在申請案WO 2000/051607中所描述的那些者,就其化學結構與其藥理活性兩方面而言。
本發明亦涵蓋具藥學上可接受有機或礦物酸的
通式(1)衍生物之鹽類。在本發明中,該術語“藥學上可接受的”意指當投藥至人類時,不具有不良或過敏作用或任何非所欲反應的分子實體與組成物。當於此使用時,該術語“藥學上可接受的賦形劑”包括任何稀釋劑、佐劑或賦形劑,諸如防腐劑、填充劑、崩解劑、潤濕劑、乳化劑、分散劑、抗菌劑或抗真菌劑、或甚至有助於延遲腸與消化吸收及再吸收的藥劑。這些介質或載體的使用對熟習該項技藝者係廣為知悉的。該術語一化合物之“藥學上可接受鹽類”意指於此界定的該等鹽類,且該者擁有母體化合物的藥理活性。此種鹽類包括:酸加成鹽其以礦物酸形成者,諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸及之類,或以有機鹽形成者,諸如乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟腦磺酸、檸檬
酸、乙磺酸、富馬酸、葡庚糖酸、葡糖酸、麩胺酸、甘醇酸、羥萘酸、2-羥基乙磺酸、乳酸、馬來酸、蘋果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、黏康酸、2-萘磺酸、丙酸、水楊酸、琥珀酸、二苯甲醯基-L-酒石酸、酒石酸、對甲苯磺酸、三甲基乙酸、三氟乙酸及之類。
該藥學上可接受鹽類亦包括該相同酸加成鹽之
溶劑(溶劑合物)加成形式或晶體形式(多形物),諸如於此所界定者。
本發明亦涵蓋式(1)之化合物以及其之藥學上可
接受鹽類,使用作為藥物。
本發明關注式(1)之化合物以及其之藥學上可接
受鹽類,使用作為NMDA受體拮抗劑。
本發明亦關注式(1)之化合物以及其之藥學上可
接受鹽類,使用作為擬用於抑鬱症之治療及/或預防的藥物。
本發明亦關注式(1)之化合物以及其之藥學上可
接受鹽類,使用作為用於治療疼痛的藥物,尤其是歸因於過度痛覺的疼痛、神經病性疼痛及混合性疼痛。
在潛在地對通式(1)化合物之作用敏感的疼痛類型中,我們可以更具體地列舉作為非限制性例子:- 周邊或中樞神經病性疼痛其起因於下列各者的神經傷害:創傷性起源(舉例而言中風)、代謝性起源(舉例而言糖尿病)、傳染性起源(舉例而言HIV、帶狀皰疹、皰疹)、三叉神經痛、疼痛其歸因於化療及/或放療者;
- 發炎性疼痛,舉例而言類風濕性關節炎、敗血性關節炎、骨關節炎、多發性關節炎、痛風、椎關節炎、急性非關節性風濕、內臟疼痛,舉例而言大腸急躁症、克隆氏症;- 疼痛其歸因於過度痛覺者,諸如創傷後的疼痛、術後疼痛、燒傷、扭曲/腹脹(twisting/distension)、腎或肝絞痛發作、關節痛、關節炎,椎關節病(spondylarthropathies);- 混合性疼痛諸如癌症疼痛、背部及下背部疼痛或其它難以分類的疼痛類型,諸如頭痛、纖維肌痛、關聯於血管性/缺血性問題的疼痛,諸如心絞痛、雷諾氏症。
本發明亦關注式(1)之化合物以及其之藥學上可接受鹽類,使用作為用於治療及/或預防關節發炎的藥物。在潛在地對通式(1)化合物之作用敏感的發炎類型中,我們可以更具體地引用作為非限制性例子:發炎性單關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、敗血性關節炎、骨關節炎、類風濕多發性關節炎、痛風、椎關節炎、急性非關節性風濕。
再者,本發明關注一藥學組成物,其特徵在於它含有至少一種通式(1)之化合物,或其之一種藥學上可接受鹽類作為該活性要素。
本發明亦涵蓋一種藥學組成物,其特徵在於:它包括至少一種通式(1)之化合物,或其之一種藥學上可接受鹽類,及至少一種藥學上可接受的賦形劑。
本發明亦涵蓋一種藥學組成物其使用作為治療
及/或預防抑鬱症的藥物。
本發明進一步涵蓋一種藥學組成物其使用作為
治療疼痛的藥物,特別是過度痛覺造成的疼痛,及神經病性與混合性疼痛。
根據本發明之該藥學組成物可以配製用於投藥
給人類。這些組成物係製造的,使得它們可以透過口服、舌下、皮下、肌內、靜脈內、經皮吸收、局部或直腸途徑投藥。在此事例中,活性成分可以在投藥單位形式中,與常規的藥物撐體混合,投藥至人類。適合的投藥單位形式包括口服途徑形式,諸如錠劑、膠囊、粉劑、粒劑與口服溶液或懸浮液,舌下及頰側形式的投藥,皮下、局部、肌內、靜脈內、鼻內或眼內形式的投藥及直腸形式的投藥。
有利地,根據本發明之該藥學組成物係配製為
用於藉由口服或局部途徑投藥。藉由局部途徑投藥係為用於治療某些疼痛類型的較佳途徑,諸如舉例而言關節疼痛。
該術語局部投藥意指地方性投藥至皮膚或黏
膜。
針對投藥形式所選擇的適合調配物對熟習該項
技藝者係為知悉的,且係描述於,舉例而言:“Remington,The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,19th edition,1995,Mack Publishing Company”。
當錠劑形式的固體組成物係製備時,其要素活
性成分係與一藥學上載體混合的,諸如明膠、澱粉、乳
糖、硬脂酸鎂、滑石粉、阿拉伯膠、氧化矽或之類。該錠劑可以塗覆以蔗糖或其它合適的材料,或者它們可以被處理的使得它們具有延長或延遲的活性,且在一連續方式中釋放一預決定數量的活性要素。
一膠囊製劑係藉由將該活性成分與一稀釋劑混合並澆注該所獲得的混合物至軟膠囊或硬膠囊內而獲得。
在糖漿或酏劑形式中之製劑可以含有該活性成分隨同一甜味劑與一防腐劑,以及一調味劑與一適合的染料。
分散在水中的粉劑或粒劑可以含有與分散劑或潤濕劑、或懸浮劑,以及與風味校正劑或甜味劑混合的該活性成分。
對於直腸投藥,栓劑係使用的,該者係以在直腸溫度溶解的黏合劑製備的,舉例而言可可脂或聚乙二醇。
對於非腸道(靜脈內、肌內、皮內、皮下)、鼻內或眼內投藥,水性懸浮液、等張食鹽溶液或無菌及可注射溶液係使用的,該等含有分散劑及/或藥理學上相容的濕潤劑。
該活性成分亦可以配製成微膠囊,可能具一或多種添加劑撐體,假若必要的話。
該藥學組成物之局部投藥可以藉由施用一溶液、分散液、凝膠劑、洗劑、乳液、軟膏、藥膏霜劑、滴劑或其它使用於局部施用且為熟習該項技藝者所廣為知悉
的載體而獲得的。一種可能的方法係為藉助於一氣溶膠噴霧投藥該藥學組成物,該者允許細液滴被噴射用於分佈在整個待處理的表面,或者與此相反,以精確地侷限該者至一待處理的特定區域,或以諸如棒劑之固體形式投藥。另一例子係為貼片或條帶(strip),以允許該局部組成物的連續釋放。該貼片可以為熟習該項技藝者所廣為知悉之一貯存器與一多孔膜或固體基質。其它模式的投藥,諸如離子電滲(iontophoresis)或電穿孔亦可以使用。
在本發明中所描述之該組成物亦可以包括常與
此種局部製劑混合的成分或化合物,舉例而言,該組成物亦可以包括額外的成分,諸如載體、增濕劑、油、脂肪、蠟、界面活性劑、增稠劑、抗氧化劑、黏度穩定劑、螯合劑、緩衝液、防腐劑、香料、著色劑、保濕劑、潤膚劑、分散劑、具阻斷輻射之化合物,且特別是UV阻斷劑的防曬霜、抗菌劑、抗真菌劑、消毒劑、維生素、抗生素或其它抗痤瘡劑,以及其它在該局部組成物活性上無有害的不利影響的適合物質。舉例而言,額外成分可以使用的,諸如磷酸氫鈉、金縷梅萃取物、甘油、杏仁油、玉米油。除了上述的化合物外,本發明之組成物亦可以任選地含有其它成分。舉例而言三乙醇胺可以添加作為一網狀劑(reticulating agent)。諸如丁基化羥基甲苯之一防腐劑亦可以添加的。其它刺激降低劑亦可以添加的;在此觀點中,這包括但不限於甘油。對於局部投藥,該組成物亦可以含有常規的潤膚劑與乳化劑,包括藻酸鹽、硬脂酸甘油酯、
PEG-100硬脂酸酯、羰基醇(ketyl alcohol)、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丁酯、山梨糖醇、乙氧基化無水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯(TWEEN)、白石蠟脂(凡士林)、三乙醇胺、鴯鶓油、蘆薈、羊毛脂、可可脂及其它萃取物。
該所描述的組成物可以施用於待處理的患者皮
膚區域。施用的頻率將取決於情況及病人。舉例而言,該組成物可以每天施用,一天兩次或甚至更頻繁地。
通式(1)之化合物或其之藥學上可接受鹽類在本
發明之該組成物中的劑量可以調整,以獲得一物質量其特定於該投藥方法對一組成物在實現所欲的醫療反應中為有效地。本發明該化合物之有效劑量作為眾多參數的函數而變化,諸如,舉例而言,所擇取的投藥途徑、體重、年齡、性別、疾病類型、待治療之個體的敏感性。因此,最佳劑量可以由該領域之專科醫生以該專科醫生認為相關的參數之一函數建立的。雖然有效劑量可以在一廣泛比例內變化,每日劑量對平均體重70kg的成年人可以縮放為每24小時在1mg與1000mg之間,在一或多個分劑量中。
最後,本發明包括用於合成通式(1)該化合物之產物的方法,以及合成式(C)與(D)中間體的方法。
通式(1)之化合物可以藉由在下文之反應圖中描述的製程而獲得。
本發明該化合物的製備使用市售的式(A)苯乙酸衍生物作為起始材料,諸如:苯乙酸(RN 103-82-2);2-氟苯乙酸(RN 451-82-1);3-氟苯乙酸(RN 331-25-9);3-氯苯乙酸(RN 1878-65-5);3-甲基苯乙酸(RN 621-36-3);3-氰基苯乙酸(RN 1878-71-3);3-甲氧基苯乙酸(RN 1798-09-0);2,5-二氟苯乙酸(RN 85068-27-5);3,5-二氟苯乙酸(RN 105184-38-1);3,5-二氯苯乙酸(RN 51719-65-4);2-氟-3-氯
苯乙酸(RN 261762-96-3)。式(A)之衍生物係根據改編自專利申請案WO 2007/038452中所描述之一方法與表氯醇縮合的,以給予式(B)之衍生物,在該者中醇與羧酸基團顯示'順式'的立體化學。該專利沒有描述式(B)的中間體。式(C)之內酯然後係從式(B)的衍生物形成,藉由使用活化該酸基的常規方法,舉例而言,諸如使用如在申請案WO 2008/092955中所描述氯甲酸烷基酯(alkyl chloroformiate)。式(C)內酯的開啟然後係根據Williams等人(Tetrahedron Lett.,1995,36,5461-5464)使用適當的二級胺之鎂鹽有利地實行,以產生對應的式(D)甲醯胺。在環丁烷位置3中引入初級胺基伴隨立體化學的反轉可以根據Soltani Rad等人(Tetrahedron Lett.,2007,48,3445-3449)透過式(E)的疊氮化物中間體而實現。還原該疊氮基為該對應的初級胺然後不是藉由催化性氫化作用就是藉由一施陶丁格反應(Staudinger reaction)而實現。或者式(D)化合物轉換為式(1)之胺可以根據Gabriel的常規方法(舉例而言申請案WO 2006081179)透過式(F)的鄰苯二甲醯亞胺中間體而實行。
下列例子例示本發明而非限制的。在下面的例子中:(i)不同的結晶形狀,可以引致不同的熔點;在本申請案中記錄的熔點為根據描述方法製備並且沒有校正的那些產物;(ii)根據本發明所獲得之產物的結構係藉由核磁共振(NMR)頻譜及藉由質譜儀確認的;最終產物的純度係藉由
TLC及百分法分析驗證;(iii)NMR頻譜係於溶劑中記錄,給定:化學位移(δ)係表示為相對於四甲基矽烷之百萬分之一(ppm);訊號之多重性係指示為:s,單峰;d,雙峰;t,三重峰;q,四重峰;qu,五重峰;m,多重峰;l,大峰;(iv)針對單位的不同的符號具有其通常的含義:μg(微克);mg(毫克);g(克);mL(毫升);mV(毫伏);℃(攝氏度);mmol(毫摩爾);nmol(奈摩爾);cm(厘米);nm(奈米);min(分鐘);ms(毫秒);Hz(赫茲);(v)該等縮寫具有下列含義:Mp(熔點);Bp(沸點);(vi)該術語“環境溫度”意指在20℃及25℃之間之一溫度。
例子1:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(1a1)
步驟1:順式-1-苯基-3-羥基-環丁烷甲酸(B1)
將2.2eq的異丙基氯化鎂置於一三頸燒瓶中,並冷卻該反應介質至0℃。加入1eq在THF中稀釋的苯乙酸;該溫度必須保持在40與50℃之間。冷卻該介質至20℃並加入1.8eq的表氯醇;該溫度必須保持在20與25℃之間,並於此溫度下攪拌達45min。接著,逐滴地加入2eq的異丙基氯化鎂(在THF中,2M)並於室溫下攪拌達2h。接著加熱該反應介質至60℃達19h。允許該介質冷卻,然後以HCl溶液(1N)酸化至pH為1。加入二氯甲烷(DCM)並萃取。傾析,在MgSO4上乾燥該有機相,然後在減壓下蒸發該
DCM。藉由快速色層分析法,用下列洗提液純化該殘餘物:DCM,然後DCM/甲醇70:30。該標題產物係在一淺黃色固體形式中獲得的(產率=70%)。
C11H12O3(分子量=192).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.50(m,2H),2.74(t,2H,J=9.4Hz),3.32(s,1H),3.85(qu,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.22-7.38(m,5H),12.21(s,1H).
SM-ESI:193.1(MH+).
步驟2:4-苯基-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C1)
將1eq的化合物B1)置於一燒瓶中,在THF及1.03eq的三乙胺中稀釋。在室溫下攪拌直至溶解,且然後冷卻該反應介質至0℃。加入1eq的氯甲酸乙酯並於此溫度下攪拌達1h,然後回復至室溫並攪拌達20h。在減壓下蒸發THF,以乙酸乙酯(AcOEt)取出該殘餘物。傾析,並在MgSO4上乾燥乙酸酯,然後在減壓下蒸發。藉由快速色層分析法,用下列洗提液純化該殘餘物:庚烷,然後庚烷/AcOEt 60:40。該標題產物係於無色油形式中獲得的(產率=87%)。
C11H10O2(MW=174).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.71(m,2H),2.89(m,2H),4.97(s,1H),7.31-7.42(m,5H).
SM-ESI:175(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二乙基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(D1a)
將1eq的化合物(C1)、2eq的二乙胺及THF置於一三頸燒瓶中。冷卻該反應介質至-20℃,然後逐滴地加入3eq的異丙基氯化鎂(在THF中,2M),保持溫度低於-5℃。在-10與-20℃之間之一溫度下攪拌該混合物達2h。以飽和NaCl溶液水解該反應介質,然後加入HCl溶液(1N),並以AcOEt萃取。在MgSO4上乾燥該有機相,過濾並濃縮。藉由快速色層分析法,用下列混合物作為洗提液純化該殘餘物:DCM/甲醇85:15。該標題產物係於淺黃色固體形式中獲得的(產率=99%)。
C15H21NO2(MW=247).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.63(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.08(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.72(m,2H),2.82(m,2H),2.90(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.21(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.36(qu,1H,J=7.4Hz),7.21-7.36(m,5H).對應於OH中之H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:248(MH+).
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二乙基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(E1a)
將1eq的化合物(D1a)、1.5eq的N-(對甲苯磺醯基)咪唑、2eq的三乙胺、0.025eq的四丁基碘化銨、3eq的疊氮化鈉及DMF置於一燒瓶中。攪拌並加熱該反應介質於160℃下達4h。將該反應介質澆注到冰水上並以乙醚萃取。在MgSO4上乾燥該有機相,過濾並濃縮。藉由快速色層分析法,用下列混合物作為洗提液純化該殘餘物:庚烷/AcOEt
70:30。該標題產物係於無色油形式中獲得的(產率=65%)。
C15H20N4O(MW=272).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.52(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.11(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.47(m,2H),2.89(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.14(m,2H),3.34(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.96(qu,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.23(m,3H),7.35(m,2H).
SM-ESI:273(M+H+).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(1a1)
將1eq的化合物(E1a)溶解在燒瓶中的甲醇中。以氮氣脫氣該溶液達30分鐘,然後加入Pd/C(20%重量)。清除該系統(週期:真空/H2氣體)並在室溫下伴隨攪拌氫化該反應介質達3小時。過濾該催化劑並蒸發該溶劑。藉由快速色層分析法,用下列混合物作為洗提液純化該殘餘物:DCM/甲醇/NH4OH:90:9:1。該標題產物係於無色油形式中獲得的(產率=70%)。
C15H22N2O(MW=246).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.50(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.10(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.11(m,2H),2.92(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.12(m,2H),3.32(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.46(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.18-7.35(m,5H).
SM-ESI:247(MH+).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:247(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:185℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.42(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),1.02(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),2.56(m,2H),2.85-2.96(m,4H),3,25(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.54(qu,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.03(s,2H),7.26(m,3H),7.39(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),8.00(s,2H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):12.02,12.15,36.93,39.19,40.07,41.19,46.61,124.87,126.51,128.71,136.02,142.69,167.19,171.10.
%理論值:C 62.97,H 7.23,N 7.73.
%實測值:C 63.00,H 7.17,N 7.78.
例子2:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二甲基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(1a2)
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二甲基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(D1b)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3,使用二甲胺代替二乙胺。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=89%)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.65(m,2H),2.55(s,3H),2.95(s,3H),2.80(m,2H),4.27(qu,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.19-7.35(m,5H).對應於OH中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不
見的。
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二甲基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(E1b)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係於米色固體之形式中獲得(產率=95%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.50(m,2H),2.54(s,3H),2.96(s,3H),3.18(m,2H),3.97(qu,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.24(m,3H),7.36(m,2H).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二甲基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺(1a2)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟5。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=84%)。
C13H18N2O(MW=218).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.13(m,2H),2.55(s,3H),2.95(s,3H),3.15(m,2H),3.47(qu,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.19-7.35(m,5H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:219(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:163℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.51(m,5H),2.86(s,3H),2.98(m,2H),3.36(s,1H),3.53(qu,1H,J=8.4Hz),
6.03(s,2H),7.26(m,3H),7.39(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),8.05(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):35.80,37.20,37.34,39.91,46.54,124.94,126.59,128.72,136.00,142.43,167.15,171.68.
%理論值:C 61.07,H 6.63,N 8.38.
%實測值:C 60.73,H 6.43,N 8.15.
例子3:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1b)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(2-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲酸(B2)
一致於1中所描述之步驟1,藉由使用2-氟苯乙酸作為該起始產物。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=49%)。
C11H11FO3(MW=210).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.80(m,2H),2.97(m,2H),4.29(qu,1H,J=6.4Hz),7.04-7.23(m,4H).對應於OH中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:211(MH+).
步驟2:4-(2-氟苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C2)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=81%)。
C11H9FO2(MW=192).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.75(m,2H),2.99(m,2H),5.01(s,1H),7.07-7.42(m,4H).
SM-ESI:=193(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基--N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D2a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=85%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.47(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.10(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.77-2.89(m,4H),2.95(m,2H),3.31(m,2H),4.32(qu,1H,J=6.8Hz),7.04(t,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.15(t,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.26(m,1H),7.37(t,1H,J=7.8Hz).對應於OH中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:266(MH+).
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(E2a)
一致於1中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=75%)。
C15H19N4OF(MW=290).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.42(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),1.10(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),2.55(m,2H),2.98(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.19(m,2H),3.31(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),4.02(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.03(m,1H),7.14-7.29(m,3H).
SM-ESI:291(MH+).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟苯基)-
環丁烷甲醯胺(1b)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟5。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=90%)。
C15H21N2OF(MW=264).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.42(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.10(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.19(m,2H),3.00(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.17(m,2H),3.31(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.53(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.00(m,1H),7.11-7.31(m,3H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:265(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯.
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:193℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.01(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.77(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.36(m,2H),2.72(m,4H),2.97(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.22(s,1H),3.38(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.81(s,2H),6.94(m,1H),7.04-7.14(m,2H),7.33(m,1H),7.75(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):12.00,12.20,36.14,39.97,40.60,41.19,43.60,115.71(d,2JC-F=21Hz),124.64(d,4JC-F=4Hz),128.00(d,3JC-F=5Hz),128.80(d,3JC-F=8Hz),130.07(d,2JC-F=13Hz),136.04,158.52,160.96,167.14,169.93.
%理論值:C 59.99,H 6.62,N 7.36.
%實測值:C 60.15,H 6.48,N 7.20.
例子4:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1c)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(3-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲酸(B3)
一致於例子1之步驟1,藉由使用3-氟苯乙酸作為該起始酸。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=52%)。
C11H11FO3(MW=210).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.50(m,2H),2.75(m,2H),3.86(qu,1H,J=7.2Hz),5.18(s,1H),7.07-7.21(m,3H),7.40(m,1H),12.40(s,1H).
SM-ESI:211(MH+).
步驟2:4-(3-氟苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C3)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=91%)。
C11H9O2F(MW=192).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.83(s,4H),5.09(s,1H),7.15-7.22(m,3H),7.38-7.47(m,1H).
SM-ESI:193(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D3a)
一致於例子1之步驟3。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=92%)。
C15H20NO2F(MW=265).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.62(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),0.97(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.50(m,2H),2.66(m,2H),2.86(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.19(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.05(m,1H),5.12(d,1H,J=6.8Hz),7.04-7.15(m,3H),7.39(m,1H).
SM-ESI:266(MH+).
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(E3a)
一致於1中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=72%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.59(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.00(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.40(m,2H),2.86(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.04(m,2H),3.24(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.07(m,1H),7.04-7.15(m,3H),7.39(m,1H).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1c)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟5。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=93%)。
C15H21N2OF(MW=264).
SM-ESI:265(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:174℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.49(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),1.02(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),2.56(m,2H),2.91(m,4H),3.26(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.35(s,1H),3.53(qu,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.03(s,2H),7.01(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.09-7.20(m,2H),7.42(m,1H),7.99(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):12.10,36.93,39.23,39.91,41.18,46.40,111.03(d,2JC-F=22Hz),113.39(d,2JC-F=21Hz),121.11(d,4JC-F=2Hz),130.77(d,3JC-F=9Hz),136.02,145.55(d,3JC-F=7Hz),161.21,163.64,167.14,170.60.
%理論值:C 59.99,H 6.62,N 7.36.
%實測值:C 59.11,H 6.40,N 7.07.
例子5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1d)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-環丁烷甲酸(B4)
一致於例子1之步驟1,藉由使用3-甲氧基苯乙酸代替苯乙酸。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=50%)。
C12H14O4(MW=222).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.50(m,2H),2.73
(m,2H),3.75(s,3H),3.86(qu,1H,J=7.2Hz),5.14(s,1H),6.82(dd,1H,J=8.0Hz and J=2.0Hz),6.87(s,1H),6.93(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.26(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),12.23(s,1H).SM-ESI:222.
步驟2:4-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C4)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=85%)。
C12H12O2(MW=188).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.80(m,4H),3.76(s,3H),5.06(s,1H),6.87-6.91(m,3H),7.30(t,1H,J=8.0Hz).
SM-ESI:189(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D4a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=92%)。
C16H23NO3(MW=277).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.62(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.97(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.50(m,2H),2.64(m,2H),2.86(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.19(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.73(s,3H),4.06(se,1H,J=7.6Hz),5.08(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),6.81(m,2H),6.89(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.27(m,1H).
SM-ESI:278(MH+).
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(E4a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=82%)。
C16H22N4O2(MW=302).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.59(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.00(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.40(m,2H),2.86(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.05(m,2H),3.24(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.74(s,3H),3.95(qu,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.76(m,1H),6.83(m,2H),7.30(m,1H).
SM-ESI:303(MH+).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1d)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟5。該標題產物係於無色油+之形式中獲得(產率=88%)。
C16H24N2O2(MW=276).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.50(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),1.00(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),2.02(m,2H),2.83(m,4H),3.10(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),3.23(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.33(s,2H),3.73(s,3H),6.73-6.79(m,3H),7.25(t,1H,J=8.0Hz).SM-ESI:277(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:156℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.47(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.02(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.55(m,2H),2.89(m,4H),3.26(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.35(s,1H),3.52(qu,1H,J=8.4Hz),3.75(s,3H),6.03(s,2H),6.78-6.86(m,3H),7.31(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.98(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):12.11,36.98,39.23,39.99,41.23,46.57,55.03,111.05,111.54,117.12,129.89,136.03,144.22,159.54,167.12,171.02.
%理論值:C 61.21,H 7.19,N 7.14.
%實測值:C 61.38,H 7.09,N 6.98.
例子6:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1e)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲酸(B5)
一致於1中所描述之步驟1,藉由使用3-氯苯乙酸作為該起始酸。該標題化合物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=52%)。
C11H11O3Cl(MW=226.5).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.50(m,2H),2.75(m,2H),3.86(qu,1H,J=7.2Hz),5.19(s,1H),7.31-7.40(m,4H),12.44(s,1H).
步驟2:4-(3-氯苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C5)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=78%)。
C11H9O2Cl(MW=208).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.84(m,4H),5.09(s,1H),7.29-7.45(m,4H).
SM-ESI:209(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D5a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3。該標題化合物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=99%)。
C15H20NO2Cl(MW=281.5).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.63(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.96(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.51(m,2H),2.66(m,2H),2.86(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.19(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),4.05(qu,1H,J=7.6Hz),5.13(s,1H),7.29-7.41(m,4H).
SM-ESI:282.1(MH+).
步驟4:反式-3(二氧異吲哚-2-基)-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(F5a).
在一氮氣大氣下的燒瓶中,加入1eq當量的化合物(D5a)、1.1eq的三苯基膦、1.05eq的鄰苯二甲醯亞胺與THF。接著,逐滴地加入1.2eq的偶氮二羧酸二異丙酯(DIAD),並於室溫下攪拌達16小時。加入水並以DCM萃取。在Na2SO4上乾燥該有機相,過濾並濃縮。藉由快速色層分析法以下列混合物作為洗提液純化該殘留物:庚烷
/AcOEt:80:20。該標題產物係伴隨屬於77%之一產率獲得的。
C23H23N2O3Cl(MW=410.5).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.67(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.18(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.91(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.11(m,2H),3.35(m,2H),3.42(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.79(qu,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.23(m,1H),7.32(m,2H),7.41(s,1H),7.73(m,2H),7.83(m,2H).
SM-ESI:411.1(MH+).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1e)
將在乙醇胺溶液中的衍生物(F5a)置於燒瓶中。加熱該反應介質於60℃下達1h 30。加入冰與水之混合物,攪拌達15min並以AcOEt萃取。以飽和NaCl溶液洗滌該有機相並傾析。在Na2SO4上乾燥該有機相,過濾並濃縮。藉由快速色層分析法以下列混合物作為洗提液純化該殘留物:DCM/甲醇/NH4OH:90:9:1。該標題產物係伴隨屬於40%之一產率獲得的。
C15H21N2OCl(MW=280.5).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.58(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.10(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.08(m,2H),2.91(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.11(m,2H),3.34(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.46(qu,1H,J=8,0Hz),7.12(dd,1H,J=7.6Hz and J=1.2Hz),7.19(m,2H),7.26(m,1H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看
不見的。
SM-ESI:281.1(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:167℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.50(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.02(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.56(m,2H),2.86-2.95(m,4H),3.26(m,2H),3.34(s,1H),3.54(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.03(s,2H),7.15(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.34-7.44(m,3H),8.00(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6.100MHz)δ(ppm):12.09,12.12,36.88,39.19,39.90,41.14,46.37,123.76,124.94,126.61,130.65,133.51,136.00,145.09,167.14,170.54.
%理論值:C 57.50,H 6.35,N 7.06.
%實測值:C 57.36,H 6.26,N 6.68.
例子7:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1f)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(3-甲基苯基)-環丁烷甲酸(B6)
一致於例子1之步驟1,藉由使用3-甲基苯乙酸代替苯乙酸。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=40%)。
C12H14O3(MW=206).
1H-NMR(CDCl3.400MHz)δ(ppm):2.35(s,3H),2.73(m,2H),2.94(m,2H),4.21(qu,1H,J=6.4Hz),7.08(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.16(s,2H),7.24(m,1H).對應於醇中OH中之H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:205.
步驟2:4-(3-甲基苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C6)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=74%)。
C12H12O2(MW=188).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.37(s,3H),2.70(m,2H),2.87(m,2H),4.96(s,1H),7.09-7.30(m,4H).
SM-ESI:189(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D6a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3。該標題產物係伴隨屬於77%之一產率獲得。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.65(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.08(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.69(s,3H),2.73(m,2H),2.81(m,2H),2.90(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.31(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.35(qu,1H,J=7.4Hz),7.04(m,1H),7.11(m,2H),7.23(m,1H).對應於OH中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(E6a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係伴隨屬於70%之一產率獲得。
1H-NMR(CDCl3.400MHz)δ(ppm):0.54(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.11(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.34(s,3H),2.47(m,2H),2.89(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.12(m,2H),3.34(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.95(qu,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.04(m,3H),7.23(m,1H).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1f)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟5。該標題產物係伴隨屬於57%之一產率獲得。
C16H24N2O(MW=260).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0,52(t,3H,J=7,2Hz),1,10(t,3H,J=7,2Hz),2,11(m,2H),2,33(s,3H),2,92(q,2H,J=7,2Hz),3,10(m,2H),3,33(q,2H,J=7,2Hz),3,44(qu,1H,J=8,0Hz),7,03(m,3H),7,21(m,1H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:261(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:173℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.45(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.02(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.31(s,3H),2.52(m,2H),2.89(m,4H),3.25(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.52(qu,1H,J=8.4
Hz),6.02(s,2H),7.05(m,3H),7.27(t,1H,J=7.6Hz),8.00(s,2H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):12.07,12.13,21.05,36.97,39.15,40.09,41.18,46.56,48.53,121.99,125.43,127.15,128.63,136.07,137.88,142.66,167.21,171.19.
%理論值:C 63.81,H 7.50,N 7.44.
%實測值:C 63.93,H 7.45,N 7.27.
例子8:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1g)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲酸(B7)
一致於例子1之步驟1,藉由使用2-氟-3氯苯乙酸代替苯乙酸。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=30%)。
C11H10FClO3(MW=244.5).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.58(m,2H),2.75(m,2H),3.93(qu,1H,J=7.6Hz),5.33(s,1H),7.22(m,1H),7.52(m,2H),12.56(m,1H).
SM-ESI:243,0
步驟2:4-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C7)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=66%)。
C11H8O2ClF(MW=226.5).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.89(s,4H),5.16(s,1H),7.22-7.29(m,2H),7.61(m,1H).
SM-ESI:227(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D7a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3。該標題產物係伴隨屬於87%之一產率獲得。
C15H19NO2ClF(MW=299.5).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.35(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),0.96(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),2.57(m,2H),2.67(m,2H),2.87(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.16(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),4.00(se,1H,J=8.0Hz),5.02(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.27(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.50(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.65(t,1H,J=8.0Hz).
SM-ESI:300(MH+).
步驟4:反式-3-(二氧異吲哚-2-基)-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(F7a)
一致於例子6中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係伴隨屬於45%之一產率獲得。
C23H22FClN2O3(MW=428.5).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.29(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.04(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.94-3.04(m,4H),3.22-3.28(m,4H),4.61(qu,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.35(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.54(t,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.62(t,1H,J=7.2Hz),7.83(s,4H).
SM-ESI:429(MH+).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1g)
一致於例子6中所描述之步驟5。該標題產物係伴隨屬於93%之一產率獲得。
C15H20FClN2O(MW=298.5).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.27(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.97(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.08(m,2H),2.88-2.94(m,4H),3.17-3.25(m,3H),7.26(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.44-7.49(m,2H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:299(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:179℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.26(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.99(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.60(m,2H),2.91-3.00(m,4H),3.20(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.34(s,1H),3.61(qu,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.02(s,2H),7.32(t,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.52-7.57(m,2H),7.97(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):12.15,12.21,36.19,40.08,40.56,41.16,43.81,120.16,125.59,127.11,129.12,132.00,136.11,153.74,156.22,167.19,169.48.
%理論值:C 55.01,H 5.83,N 6.75.
%實測值:C 54.73,H 5.98,N 6.46.
例子9:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1h)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲酸(B8)
一致於在1中所描述之步驟1,藉由使用2,5-二氟苯乙酸作為該起始酸。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=69%)。
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.55(m,2H),2.71(m,2H),3.94(qu,1H,J=7.2Hz),5.32(s,1H),7.12-7.23(m,2H),7.41(m,1H),12.48(s,1H).
步驟2:4-(2,5-二氟苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C8)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=91%)。
C11H8F2O2(MW=210).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.77(m,2H),2.98(m,2H),5.01(s,1H),6.93-7.08(m,3H).SM-ESI:228(M+NH4+).
步驟3:順式-3-羥基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D8a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=100%)。
C15H19NO2F2(MW=283).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.56(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),
1.09(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.82(m,5H),2.95(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.31(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),4.32(qu,1H,J=7.2Hz),6.91-7.11(m,3H).
SM-ESI:284(MH+).
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二乙基-1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(E8a)
一致於1中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=76%)。
C15H18N4OF2(MW=308).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.51(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1,10(t,3H,J=7,2Hz),2.51(m,2H),2.98(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.19(m,2H),3.32(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.02(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.90-7.04(m,3H).
SM-ESI:309(MH+).
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1h)
將1eq的化合物(E8a)置於燒瓶中,並溶解在20體積的THF。在氮氣大氣下攪拌,然後加入1倍體積的水與1.5eq的三苯基膦。繼續攪拌過夜。在減壓下蒸發THF,並以水取出該所獲得的殘餘物並用DCM萃取兩次。在MgSO4上乾燥該有機相,過濾,然後在減壓下將溶劑蒸發。該所獲得的油係藉由快速色層分析法用下列的混合物作為洗提液而純化:DCM/甲醇/NH4OH 95:4.5:0.5。該標題產物係於無色油形式中伴隨屬於97%之一產率獲得的。
C15H20N2OF2(MW=282).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0,51(t,3H,J=6,8Hz),1,10(t,3H,J=6,8Hz),2,15(m,2H),2,99(q,2H,J=6,8Hz),3,16(m,2H),3,32(q,2H,J=6,8Hz),3,52(qu,1H,J=8,0Hz),6,85-7,02(m,3H).對應於NH2中H的訊號在該頻譜上係看不見的。
SM-ESI:283(MH+).
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:184℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.31(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),0.99(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.58(m,2H),2.93-2.97(m,4H),3.20(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.34(s,1H),3.59(qu,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.02(s,2H),7.13-7.30(m,2H),7.49-7.53(m,1H),7.97(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):12.04,12.15,36.08,40.00,40.61,41.20,43.48,114.90,117.2,124.37,132.1,136.00,154.6,157.05,157.13,159.51,167.12,169.41.
%理論值:C 57.28,H 6.07,N 7.03.
%實測值C:57.21,H 6.01,N 6.66.
例子10:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1i)
步驟1:順式-3-羥基-1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-環丁
烷甲酸(B9)
一致於1中所描述之步驟1,藉由提前合成3,5-二氯苯乙酸,在之後它係使用作為該起始酸。該標題產物係於一白色固體之形式中獲得的(產率=50%)。
C11H10Cl2O3(MW=261).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.53(m,2H),2.77(m,2H),3.87(qu,1H,J=7.4Hz),5.23(s,1H),7.38(m,2H),7.51(m,1H),12.62(s,1H).
SM-ESI:259.
步驟2:4-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-氧雜二環[2.1.1]己烷-3-酮(C9)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟2。該標題產物係於無色油之形式中獲得(產率=87%)。
C11H8Cl2O2(MW=243).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):2.72(m,2H),2.88(m,2H),4.99(s,1H),7.21(m,2H),7.34(m,1H).
SM-ESI:244(MH+).
步驟3:順式-3-基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(D9a)
一致於例子1中所描述之步驟3。該標題產物係於白色固體之形式中獲得(產率=100%)。
C15H19Cl2O2N(MW=316).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.77(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.09(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.58(s,1H),2.75(m,4H),2.88(q,
2H,J=7.2Hz),3.32(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.34(qu,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.20-7.27(m,3H).
SM-ESI:316.
步驟4:反式-3-疊氮-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(E9a)
一致於1中所描述之步驟4。該標題產物係於無色油形式中獲得(產率=79%)。
C15H18N4OCl2(MW=341).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.67(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.12(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),2.40(m,2H),2.87(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.15(m,2H),3.36(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),3.99(qu,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.13(m,2H),7.25(m,1H).
SM-ESI:341.
步驟5:反式-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺(1i)
一致於例子9中所描述之步驟5。該標題產物係於無色油形式伴隨屬於78%之一產率獲得。
C15H20N2OClF(MW=283).
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.58(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.00(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.90(s,2H),2.07(m,2H),2.85(m,4H),3.11(qu,1H,J=8.0Hz),3.25(q,2H,J=7.2Hz),7.23(m,2H),7.48(m,1H).
SM-ESI:283.
標題化合物之馬來酸酯
先前化合物藉助於馬來酸的鹽化作用導致在白色粉末形式中之標題化合物的馬來酸酯之獲得。
Mp:180℃.
1H-NMR(DMSO d6,400MHz)δ(ppm):0.57(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.02(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),2.58(m,2H),2.85-2.96(m,4H),3.28(q,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.54(qu,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.02(s,2H),7.28(s,2H),7.56(s,1H),7.99(s,3H).
13C-NMR(DMSO d6,100MHz)δ(ppm):11.96,12.19,36.83,39.20,41.10,46.2,124.03,126.38,134.50,136.02,146.66,167.12,170,04.
%理論值:C 52.91,H 5.61,N 6.50.
%實測值:C 53.01,H 5.53,N 6.11.
下面例子使得更理解本發明成為可能而不以任何方式限制其發明範圍。
通式(1)之化合物以及一藥學上可接受源呈現非凡的藥理性質:它們較諸氯胺酮作為NMDA通道阻斷劑一般係更強大的,且同時在中樞神經系統上較諸氯胺酮具有較少的非所欲影響。
我們檢視本發明之化合物在表現重組人類NMDA受體的Xenope(非洲肉墊蟾)中NMDA電流抑制上的影響,其中該受體係從NR1及NR2B次單元構建。藉助於內源性促效劑刺激這些受體所產生的電流係根據由Planells-Cases等人於
“2002,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,302,163-173”中所報導之該二電極電壓鉗技術而研究的。
實驗計畫:卵母細胞係手術從成年非洲肉墊蟾移除、酶去濾泡膜地,並於17℃下儲存在含有下者之溶液中:96mM的NaCl、2mM的KCl、1mM的MgCl2、1.8mM的CaCl2與5mM的HEPES於pH 7.5(NaOH)及50mg/L的健他黴素(gentamycin)(Heusler等人於“2005,Neuropharmacology,49,963-976”)。編碼NR1次單元的互補DNA(cDNA)係使用標靶該發表序列(基因庫登錄號M_007327)中的起始與結束密碼子的引子透過PCR選殖的。編碼NR2B次單元之cDNA係由Eurogentec(Seraing,Belgium)根據發表的序列(基因庫登錄號NM_000834)合成的。該NR1及NR2B之cDNA然後次選殖至該pGEMHE高表現載體,用於體外轉錄cDNA。編碼NR1與NR2B之cRNA係根據由Heusler等人(已引用)描述的方法製備的。該cRNA溶液之等分試樣係注射到卵母細胞內(對NR1為20-500pg/卵母細胞,而對NR2B為40-1000pg/卵母細胞)。為了阻斷所有殘留氯電流,每一卵母細胞係注射100nL的溶液其含有4mM之Na+BAPTA(pH 7.2)者,以為了阻斷所有殘餘的氯電流。在穩定後,NMDA電流係藉由過度灌流麩胺酸與
甘胺酸每一者在10μM之一濃度而活化。該等待測試化合物然後係於Ringer Ba++溶液中在麩胺酸與甘胺酸存在下於一提高濃度過度灌流(每一卵母細胞測試4至5種濃度)。該所獲得之濃度-回應信號係藉由非線性回歸對每一卵母細胞分析,且pIC50值係計算的。pIC50表示降低該NMDA電流幅度一半所需要的測試化合物濃度的負對數。
結果:下方表1給定了對於本發明某些化合物的pIC50值。該者顯現的是,在該測試條件下化合物(1a1)、(1b)、(1c)、(1d)及(1e)在一濃度依賴方式中阻斷NMDA電流,且較諸臨床上使用的NMDA拮抗劑氯胺酮為更強大的。
鑑於氯胺酮口服途徑的生物可用性低,我們選擇了腹膜內(ip)途徑作為體內實驗的唯一投藥途徑。式(1)化合物與氯胺酮,選擇作為該參考
化合物,的鎮痛活性係在一典型急性發炎性疼痛模型中,皮內注射甲醛,測定的(Bardin等人於“2001,Eur.J.Pharmacol.,421,109-114”)。
實驗計畫:雄性大鼠(Sprague-Dawley Iffa Credo,France)係置於在一有角度的反射鏡上面的Plexiglas觀察箱中,以促進觀察它們的後肉墊。在馴化30分鐘後,該等動物在其右後肉墊的足底表面接受稀釋至2.5%的一甲醛注射液。
甲醛的注射產生發生在兩個階段的行為回應:- 早期階段,在注射甲醛後0至5分鐘,對應於在痛覺性刺激傳遞中特化之受體的刺激;- 晚期階段,其發生在注射後20至30分鐘後。此階段對應於藉由該發炎性中介因子的受體刺激及/或對應於在第一階段期間誘發之背角的過度興奮。因此,此晚期階段使得麩胺酸/NMDA受體系統扮演主要角色的疼痛神經傳遞系統開始扮演中樞敏化作用。作為其結果,在第二階段的疼痛較諸在第一階段期間發生的疼痛更代表神經病性疼痛。因為這個理由,在本申請案中僅僅在此一後期階段獲得的結果係考量的。
我們選擇接受該注射之肉墊的舔吮作為疼痛定量分析的行為參數,並選擇了對應於後期階段的哪些期間作為觀測期(換言之,注射甲醛後22.5-27.5min)。在這5min階段,動物係每30秒觀察的,以為了注意動物是否舔吮該“經注射”
的肉墊;因此最大分數為10。本發明之產物或載體係藉由ip途徑先於注射甲醛前15分鐘投藥。
結果:在此測試中,式(1a1)與(1e)之化合物,本發明之代表性化合物,具有非凡的鎮痛效果(表2)。因此對於式(1a1)與(1e)化合物之該最小顯著劑量(MSD,顯著降低經注入肉墊之舔吮所需要的劑量)係小於對氯胺酮者。式(1a1)與(1e)化合物相較於氯胺酮的另一優點有關於鎮痛效果的幅度。事實上,我們注意到,在40mg/kg之一劑量下,腳掌舔吮係被化合物(1a1)與(1e)完全抑制地,而以氯胺酮該者僅達到74%的降低。所以,化合物(1a1)與(1e)較諸氯胺酮係更強大且更有效的。
總結,化合物(1a1)與(1e),代表性的式(1)化合物,的鎮痛效果在大鼠的急性發炎性疼痛模型中係高於由氯胺酮產生者。
我們亦顯示的是,本發明之化合物在體內具有抗抑鬱活性。式(1)化合物與氯胺酮之抗抑鬱活性係在大鼠中一強迫游泳模型中測定的,該模型係廣泛使用地,因為它是人體中抗抑鬱活性的預測。
實驗計畫:雄性大鼠(Sprague-Dawley Iffa Credo,France)係置於裝有高達至17cm高度的25℃±0.5℃水的圓筒中(高45cm,直徑20cm)。此高度允許大鼠游泳或漂浮而不讓其肉墊接觸到圓筒的底部。試驗當天前24小時,大鼠係置於該圓筒中達15min,在那時間之後它們不再試圖逃跑並在該表面上保持不動的。在試驗當天,將待測試的化合物或載體注射(ip)到該動物,該動物30分鐘後係置於該圓柱中。不動(界定為當老鼠只是漂浮,且只製造小運動以
停留在表面)的持續時間係測量的,伴隨5分鐘0.1s的精確度。
結果:在該強迫游泳試驗中,式(1c)與1(e)之該化合物,該系列之代表,顯著降低動物的不動時間。當比較ED50時,意即相對於對照動物其降低不動時間一半的劑量,我們發現對化合物(1c)與1(e),這些係低於對氯胺酮者,參閱表3。同樣地,在20mg/kg之一劑量,以化合物(1c)與1(e)所觀察到的該抗動效應的幅度係大於以氯胺酮所獲得者。
總結,化合物(1c)及1(e),式(1)化合物之代表,在預測抗抑鬱活性之一測試中較諸氯胺酮係更強大且更有效的。
我們已經強調了標準化NMDA受體功能的重要性,換言之,阻斷其過度活性而不干擾,或盡可能少干擾其正常生理功能。作為本發明產物與該NMDA受體正常功能之間的相互作用的標記物,我們選擇了針對顛簸反射(jolt reflex)
的前脈衝抑制試驗(PPI)。這個試驗代表生物體過濾非必要信息的能力之測量。非競爭性與競爭性拮抗劑以及通道阻斷劑在大鼠中降低PPI(Depoortere等人於“1999,Behav.Pharmacol.,10,51-62”),此一降低被視為在人類中NMDA拮抗劑擬精神病作用(psychotomimetic effects)的預測。
實驗計畫:雄性大鼠(Sprague-Dawley Iffa Credo,Les Oncins,France)係置於18.4cm乘以8.8cm直徑的圓柱中擱在底面上,在該底面下一壓電加速度計係固定以充當顛簸反應的偵測器。此係封閉在具有連接到天花板以提供聲音脈衝及預脈衝之揚聲器的一箱子中,且係聲音隔離的(SR LAB,San Diego Instruments,San Diego,USA)。所有的事件係藉助於軟體控制。動物先進行13分鐘的預測試,以使它們習慣該程序,並淘汰對一連串最小反應條件不作回應的大鼠。三種類型的聲音刺激(白色雜訊)係傳送的;1)118dB的脈衝(P,持續時間40msec);2)78dB的預脈衝(持續時間20msec)繼之為118dB的脈衝(pP);及3)沒有預脈衝或脈衝(NP)。預脈衝開始與脈衝開始之間的時間間隔為100msec,伴隨70dB的背景噪音。該顛簸反應係紀錄達100ms,在該刺激(pP或NP)開始後
100ms,藉由一數位/類比擷取卡(12位元)。該通信期開始於一5分鐘的無刺激期,那之後,動物係暴露於10P(平均由15s分隔,並意欲穩定該顛簸反應)。由這些10P記錄的反應係不使用於計算。在此之後,10P、10pP及3NP係於一半隨機順序伴隨之間15s的平均間隔傳送的。在此預測試結束時,進行ip注射待測試化合物或作為對照的生理血清的大鼠係返回至它們的籠子。該實際測試通信期(在每個點上與該預測試相似)係於稍後60分鐘實行。該預脈衝的抑制百分比係根據下式使用源自此測試通信期的數據計算:(中位數振幅P-中位數振幅pP)x 100/(中位數振幅P)
結果:根據附錄中之圖1,似乎化合物(1a1)不會破壞由預脈衝(PPI)誘發的顛簸反射的抑制,除了從20mg/kg之一劑量之外。不過,令人驚訝的是,在PPI中的降低係較諸以氯胺酮觀察到的明顯要少得多。其實在20mg/kg之一ip劑量中,氯胺酮導致PPI的完全消失,而化合物(1a1)僅造成30%的降低。該PPI降低即使在40mg/kg之一劑量下仍然保持溫和。因此化合物(1a1)較諸氯胺酮具有一明確較不明顯造成中樞起源副作用的傾向。
總括地說,本發明之化合物擁有鎮痛與抗抑
鬱活性,該者在上述動物模型中係優於氯胺酮者。令人驚訝的是本發明之化合物僅造成非常溫和的中樞影響。所以,從這些實驗顯現的是,本發明之化合物的風險/效益比較諸氯胺酮顯然更有利。作為此之結果,本發明之化合物以及含有通式(1)化合物作為活性成分或其藥學上可接受鹽類的藥學組成物作為藥物係潛在有用地,特別是在治療某些疾病,諸如,舉例而言,抑鬱症與疼痛,尤其是急性或慢性疼痛,在哪些領域中醫療需求係沒有完全滿足,且對於該者新治療發現因此係高度所欲的。
Claims (15)
- 一種下列通式(1)化合物:
- 如請求項1之化合物或其之藥學上可接受的鹽或溶劑合物,其特徵在於:-X1代表氫原子或氟原子;-X2為氫原子或氟原子或氯原子;-R1代表氫原子或氟原子或氯原子或甲基或甲氧基或氰基;-R2為一乙基。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其之藥學上可接受的鹽或溶劑合物,其特徵在於該者係擇自下列化合物之間:-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺, -反-3-胺基-N,N-二甲基-1-苯基環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-甲基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3-氰基苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2-氟-3-氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(2,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺,-反-3-胺基-N,N-二乙基-1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-環丁烷甲醯胺。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其之藥學上可接受的鹽或溶劑合物,使用作為一藥物。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其之藥學上可接受的鹽或溶劑合 物,使用作為用於治療抑鬱症之一藥物。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其之藥學上可接受的鹽或溶劑合物,使用作為用於治療疼痛之藥物,特別是歸因於過度痛覺(nociception)之疼痛、神經病性疼痛與混合疼痛。
- 一種藥學組成物,其包含至少一種如請求項1-3項任一項之化合物或其之藥學上可接受的鹽或溶劑合物,及至少一藥學上可接受的賦形劑。
- 如請求項7之藥學組成物,使用作為用於治療及/或預防抑鬱症的藥物。
- 如請求項7之藥學組成物,使用作為用於治療疼痛之藥物,特別是歸因於過度痛覺的疼痛、神經病性疼痛及混合疼痛。
- 如請求項7至9項任一項之藥學組成物,其特徵在於該者係配製用於口服投藥。
- 如請求項7至9項任一項之藥學組成物,其特徵在於該者係配製用於局部投藥。
- 如請求項8之藥學組成物,其特徵在於該者係呈現為通式(1)之化合物在1至1000mg之間的每日劑量單位的形式。
- 一種用於製備如請求項1至3項之一者中所界定之通式(1)化合物的方法,其特徵在於式(R2)2NH之二級胺係與式(C)之化合物反應
- 一種式(D)的合成中間體
- 一種式(C)的合成中間體
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FR1261621A FR2998892B1 (fr) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Derives d'aminocyclobutane, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation a titre de medicaments |
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TW202003519A (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-01-16 | 日商武田藥品工業股份有限公司 | 雜環化合物及其用途 |
JP2021050161A (ja) | 2019-09-25 | 2021-04-01 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | 複素環化合物及びその用途 |
CN114269747B (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-04-18 | 苏州恩华生物医药科技有限公司 | 一种1’,2’-二氢-3’h-螺[环丁烷1,4’-异喹啉]-3’-酮衍生物及其应用 |
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