TWI597298B - 太陽電池模組 - Google Patents
太陽電池模組 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI597298B TWI597298B TW102117408A TW102117408A TWI597298B TW I597298 B TWI597298 B TW I597298B TW 102117408 A TW102117408 A TW 102117408A TW 102117408 A TW102117408 A TW 102117408A TW I597298 B TWI597298 B TW I597298B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- side sealing
- ultraviolet absorber
- solar cell
- light
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFBLRDXPNUJYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C PFBLRDXPNUJYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tert-butyl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC([O-])=O XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KGKNBDYZZIBZQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl carboxyoxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OOC(O)=O KGKNBDYZZIBZQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYZPIFPRGKIJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C IYZPIFPRGKIJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明是有關於一種太陽電池模組。
隨著地球環境問題、能源問題等不斷嚴重,而作為綠色且無枯渇之憂的能量生成裝置的太陽電池受到關注。在將太陽電池用於建築物的屋頂部分等屋外時,通常以太陽電池模組的形態而使用。
太陽電池模組通常按照以下順序製造。首先,製造由多晶矽、單晶形矽等形成的結晶型太陽電池單元、或將非晶矽或晶矽等在玻璃等基板上形成數μm的非常薄的膜而得的薄膜型太陽電池單元等。接著,為了獲得結晶型太陽電池模組,而依序積層太陽電池模組用保護片(表面保護片)/受光側太陽電池密封用片/結晶型太陽電池單元/背面側太陽電池密封用片/太陽電池模組用保護片(背面保護片)。另一方面,為了獲得薄膜系太陽電池模組,而依序積層薄膜型太陽電池單元/太陽電池密封用片/太陽電池模組用保護片(背面保護片)。
然後,藉由利用將這些進行真空抽吸而加熱壓接的層壓
(lamination)法等,而製造太陽電池模組。如此製造的太陽電池模組具有耐候性,亦適於建築物的屋頂部分等屋外的使用。
太陽電池模組由於長期暴露於日光與風雨中,因此要求優異的耐久性。為了提高密封用片的耐久性,而通常在所用的樹脂材料中調配紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑、受阻胺光穩定材料等添加劑(例如參照專利文獻1、專利文獻2)。
然而,為了提高太陽電池單元的光利用效率,而開發出提高了對於波長為400nm~360nm以下的紫外光的外部量子效率的太陽電池單元(例如參照非專利文獻1)。在使用提高了對於紫外光的外部量子效率的太陽電池單元時,特別是若在受光側配置包含紫外線吸收劑的密封用片,則會導致波長為360nm以下的紫外光被密封用片吸收。因此,無法利用紫外光能量。
另一方面,若無紫外線吸收劑,則太陽光所含的紫外線會到達背面保護片,因此會引起背面保護片劣化或變色。專利文獻3中提出有如下的技術:藉由降低受光側密封用片的紫外線吸收劑量,且背面側密封用片以高於受光面側的高濃度包含紫外線吸收劑的構成,而有效利用紫外光,且抑制背面保護片的變色。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開平8-139347號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開平10-93124號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2006-66682號公報
非專利文獻1:光伏進展:研究與應用,2010,第18卷:第346頁-第352頁(Prog. Photovolt : Res. Appl. 2010; Vol. 18: Page346-352)
根據本發明者等人的研究,在專利文獻1所記載的技術中,背面保護片的劣化及變色防止效果依然不充分。而且根據本發明者等人的研究可知,在將背面側密封用片設為以高於受光面側的高濃度包含紫外線吸收劑的構成時,特別是藉由長時間暴露於高溫下,而背面側太陽電池密封用片所含的紫外線吸收劑因濃度差而經時地擴散移動至受光側密封片。其結果可知,到達太陽電池單元的紫外光降低。
本發明是鑒於此種問題點而成者。本發明的課題在於提供一種背面保護片的長期耐久性優異、且長時間保持到達太陽電池單元的紫外光的透射率的太陽電池模組。
本發明者等人為了達成上述課題而努力研究,結果發現,藉由在背面側密封用片中使用反應型紫外線吸收劑,而可防止向受光側密封片的擴散移動,並可長時間保持到達太陽電池單元的紫外光的透射率。
本發明具有以下的構成:
[1]一種太陽電池模組,其依序積層表面保護片/受光側密封用片/太陽電池元件/背面側密封用片/背面保護片而成,且上述受光側密封用片的波長為300nm的光的透射率為50%以上,上述背面側密封用片包含反應型紫外線吸收劑與樹脂成分的反應物。
[2]如[1]所述的太陽電池模組,其中上述反應型紫外線吸收劑包含具有不飽和鍵的反應性官能基。
[3]如[2]所述的太陽電池模組,其中上述反應型紫外線吸收劑包含選自丙烯醯基及甲基丙烯醯基以及烯丙基的基團。
[4]如[2]所述的太陽電池模組,其中上述反應型紫外線吸收劑是選自2-[2-羥基-5-[2-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)乙基]苯基]-2H-苯并三唑、2-(4-烯丙基氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(4-丙烯醯氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、及丙烯酸2-(4-苯甲醯基-3-羥基苯氧基)乙酯的至少一種。
[5]如[1]至[4]中任一項所述的太陽電池模組,其中上述背面側密封用片包含:乙烯-極性單體共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物與上述反應型紫外線吸收劑的反應物,相對於上述乙烯-極性單體共聚物或上述乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物100重量份,上述反應型紫外線吸收劑為0.01重量份~0.5重量份。
本發明的太陽電池模組所含的密封用片的透明性、柔軟性、黏接性、耐熱性、耐候性、交聯特性及擠出成形性優異。特
別是本發明的太陽電池模組的受光側密封片可長期維持透明性,因此輸出難以降低。
A1、A2‧‧‧玻璃
B‧‧‧受光側密封用片
C‧‧‧鋁板
D‧‧‧背面側密封用片
圖1是表示用於評價的模擬模組的構成的圖。
1.關於太陽電池模組
本發明的太陽電池模組是依序積層表面保護片/受光側密封用片/太陽電池元件/背面側密封用片/背面保護片而成。
作為太陽電池元件,可有單晶矽、多晶矽、非晶矽等矽系,鎵-砷、銅-銦-硒、鎘-碲等III-V族或II-VI族化合物半導體系等各種太陽電池元件等。
構成太陽電池模組的表面保護片的材料可例示:玻璃、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、含氟的樹脂等,通常使用玻璃。
作為背面保護片,可列舉:金屬或玻璃等無機材料、各種熱塑性樹脂等單體或多層的片。較佳為包含熱塑性樹脂的片/膜,較佳為包含聚酯、特別是聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯的片/膜。
1-1.關於背面側密封用片
太陽電池模組中的背面側密封用片包含原料樹脂與反應型紫外線吸收劑的反應物。即,是包含原料樹脂、反應型紫外線吸收劑、以及根據需要的其他添加劑的組成物的反應物。背面側密封
用片可藉由將包含原料樹脂、反應型紫外線吸收劑、以及根據需要的其他添加劑的混合物進行擠出成形或壓光成形,而進行片加工而得。
〈原料樹脂〉
作為背面側密封用片的原料樹脂,可列舉:乙烯-極性單體共聚物、乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物。作為乙烯-極性單體共聚物,可列舉:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物。其中較佳為乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的乙酸乙烯酯含量為10質量%~47質量%、較佳為13質量%~35質量%。若乙酸乙烯酯的含量為該範圍,則製成太陽電池密封用樹脂片時,黏接性、耐候性、透明性的平衡優異。乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物在190℃、2160g負荷下的熔融流動速率(Melt Flow Rate,MFR:ASTM D1238)為5g/10分鐘~45g/10分鐘、更佳為5g/10分鐘~40g/10分鐘、尤佳為10g/10分鐘~30g/10分鐘。若MFR為該範圍,則適合於熔融混練及擠出成形性。
作為乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物,可列舉:乙烯與選自丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-辛烯的α-烯烴的共聚物。乙烯含量為75mol%~95mol%、較佳為80mol%~90mol%的範圍。若乙烯含量為該範圍,則用以保護太陽電池單元的柔軟性與黏接性、耐候性、透明性優異。
乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物的密度可列舉:通常為0.920g/cm3~0.880g/cm3、較佳為0.865g/cm3~0.884g/cm3、更佳為0.866g/cm3~0.883g/cm3。密度可藉由乙烯-α-烯烴的組成比而調整。
乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物的MFR(依據ASTM D1238、190℃、2.16kg負荷),較佳為1g/10分鐘~50g/10分鐘。在獲得片的製造步驟為擠出成形時為10g/10分鐘~50g/10分鐘,較佳為10g/10分鐘~30g/10分鐘,為壓光成形時,為1g/10分鐘以上且小於10g/10分鐘,更佳為超過2g/10分鐘且小於10g/10分鐘。
〈反應型紫外線吸收劑〉
反應型紫外線吸收劑較佳為在其分子中包含苯并三唑骨架、二苯甲酮骨架、氰基丙烯酸酯骨架、或水楊酸骨架。更佳為具有苯并三唑骨架及二苯甲酮骨架。
本發明的反應型紫外線吸收劑在其分子中具有上述骨架與反應性官能基。反應性官能基較佳為具有不飽和鍵。所謂不飽和鍵,可列舉:在聚合物主鏈上具有加成的碳-碳間雙鍵的不飽和基。作為反應性官能基,較佳為丙烯醯基或甲基丙烯醯基、烯丙基。
反應型紫外線吸收劑的具體例包括:2-[2-羥基-5-[2-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)乙基]苯基]-2H-苯并三唑、2-(4-烯丙基氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(4-丙烯醯氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、丙烯酸2-(4-苯甲醯基-3-羥基苯氧基)乙酯。這些中可單獨使用1
種,或併用2種以上。
相對於原料樹脂100重量份,反應型紫外線吸收劑較佳為使用0.01重量份~0.5重量份。若反應型紫外線吸收劑為0.01重量份以上,則就可防止背面保護片的劣化或變色的方面而言較佳。若反應型紫外線吸收劑為0.5重量份以下,則就透明性或色調的方面而言較佳。
反應型紫外線吸收劑的至少一部分與形成背面側密封用片的樹脂材料(包括原料樹脂)反應。藉此可抑制背面側密封用片中的紫外線吸收劑的移動,並抑制向受光側密封用片的擴散。在背面側密封用片中,只要反應型紫外線吸收劑的至少一部分與樹脂材料形成化學鍵即可。反應型紫外線吸收劑可與樹脂材料的分子主鏈反應,亦可與乙烯-極性單體共聚物中的作為側基(pendant group)的極性基反應。
反應型紫外線吸收劑包含較佳為具有碳-碳間雙鍵的不飽和基、更佳為丙烯醯基或甲基丙烯醯基等基團;較佳為藉由在過氧化物的存在下將反應型紫外線吸收劑與樹脂成分熔融混練,而與背面側密封用片的樹脂材料接枝。為了在模組製造時使反應型紫外線吸收劑接枝,較佳為使用0.01%~1%的過氧化物。
1-2.關於受光側密封用片
太陽電池模組中的受光側密封用片處於波長為300nm的光的透射率為50%以上的範圍。波長為300nm的光的透射率可藉由分
光光度計(SolidSpec-3700DUV島津製作所(股)製造)而測定。較佳為使波長為300nm的光相對於片表面而垂直地入射。
受光側密封用片較佳為含有與上述背面側密封用片相同的原料樹脂、即上述的乙烯-極性單體共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物。
受光側密封用片可進一步含有紫外線吸收劑,但其含量較佳為0.02%以下。具體而言,為了使受光側密封用片的波長為300nm的光的透射率為50%以上,較佳為將選自苯并三唑系、二苯甲酮系、氰基丙烯酸酯系、水楊酸系的紫外線吸收劑的含量設為0.02%以下,更佳為設為0.01%以下。若波長為300nm的透射率為50%以上,則就太陽光所含的紫外區域的光到達太陽電池單元而可有效地利用能量的方面而言較佳。
1-3.關於背面側密封用片及受光側密封用片所含的添加劑
太陽電池模組中的受光側及/或背面側密封用片可為含有原料樹脂、與以下所示的公知的添加劑的組成物的反應物。相對於原料樹脂(典型的是乙烯-極性單體共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物)100重量份,組成物中的添加劑的含量較佳為0.005重量份~5重量份。
(有機過氧化物)
有機過氧化物可發揮出作為自由基起始劑的作用,自由基起始劑是用以藉由反應型紫外線吸收劑及/或後述的乙烯性不飽和矽
烷化合物,將乙烯-極性單體共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物接枝改質者。藉由乙烯性不飽和矽烷化合物將乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物接枝改質,而可獲得與玻璃、背片、單元、電極的黏接性良好的太陽電池模組。
另外,有機過氧化物在太陽電池模組的層壓成形時,可發揮出作為用以使樹脂成分發生交聯反應的自由基起始劑的作用。藉由將乙烯-極性單體共聚物、或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物交聯,而可獲得耐熱性、黏接性優異的太陽電池模組。
就擠出片成形時片的生產性與太陽電池模組的層壓成形時的接枝改質或交聯速度的平衡而言,有機過氧化物較佳為1分鐘半衰期溫度為100℃~170℃的有機過氧化物。若有機過氧化物的1分鐘半衰期溫度為100℃以上,則可在擠出片成形時抑制由樹脂組成物獲得的太陽電池密封片產生凝膠。若有機過氧化物的1分鐘半衰期溫度為170℃以下,則太陽電池模組的層壓成形時的交聯速度適度,並且太陽電池模組的生產性優異。另外,太陽電池密封材料的耐熱性、黏接性亦可良好地保持。
1分鐘半衰期溫度為100℃~170℃的範圍的有機過氧化物的較佳的具體例,包括:過氧化二月桂醯、過氧化-2-乙基己酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯、過氧化二苯甲醯、過氧化-2-乙基己酸第三戊酯、過氧化-2-乙基己酸第三丁酯、過氧化異丁酸第三丁酯、過氧化順丁烯二酸第三丁酯、1,1-二(過氧化第三戊基)-3,3,5-三甲基環
己烷、1,1-二(過氧化第三戊基)環己烷、過氧化異壬酸第三戊酯、過氧化正辛酸第三戊酯、1,1-二(過氧化第三丁基)-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、1,1-二(過氧化第三丁基)環己烷、過氧化異丙基碳酸第三丁酯、過氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸第三丁酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(過氧化苯甲醯基)己烷、過氧化苯甲酸第三戊酯、過氧化乙酸第三丁酯、過氧化異壬酸第三丁酯、2,2-二(過氧化第三丁基)丁烷、過氧化苯甲酸第三丁酯等。較佳為可列舉:過氧化二月桂醯、過氧化異丙基碳酸第三丁酯、過氧化乙酸第三丁酯、過氧化異壬酸第三丁酯、過氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸第三丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸第三丁酯等。
(交聯助劑)
若使用交聯助劑,則可在太陽電池模組的層壓成形時進行交聯反應而提高耐熱性或長期耐久性。作為交聯助劑的例子,可列舉:異三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、異三聚氰酸三甲基烯丙酯(trimethallyl isocyanurate)等含烯丙基的化合物。
(乙烯性不飽和矽烷化合物)
片中可含有的乙烯性不飽和矽烷化合物可使用先前公知者,並無特別限制。具體可使用:乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基矽烷)、γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷等。較佳為可列舉:容易提高片的黏接性的γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙
烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷。
(光穩定化劑)
片中可含有的光穩定化劑較佳為:雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、聚[{6-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)胺基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基}{(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基}六亞甲基{(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基}]等受阻胺系、受阻哌啶系化合物等。
(耐熱穩定劑)
片中可含有的耐熱穩定劑的例子包括:三(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)亞磷酸酯、雙[2,4-雙(1,1-二甲基乙基)-6-甲基苯基]乙基酯亞磷酸酯、四(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)[1,1-聯苯]-4,4'-二基雙膦酸酯、及雙(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯等亞磷酸酯系耐熱穩定劑;3-羥基-5,7-二-第三丁基-呋喃-2-酮與鄰二甲苯的反應產物等內酯系耐熱穩定劑;3,3',3",5,5',5"-六-第三丁基-a,a',a"-(亞甲基-2,4,6-三基)三-對甲酚、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)苄基苯、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯、硫代二伸乙基雙[3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]等受阻酚系耐熱穩定劑;硫系耐熱穩定劑;胺系耐熱穩定劑等。另外,可單獨使用這些中的一種或亦可組合二種以上而使用。其中較佳為亞磷酸酯系耐熱穩定劑、及受阻酚系耐熱穩定劑。
2.關於太陽電池模組的製造方法
作為太陽電池模組的製造法,可列舉如以下的方法。將依序積層表面保護片/受光側密封用前驅物片/太陽電池元件/背面側密封用前驅物片/背面保護片而成的積層體加熱而暫時黏接。關於用以暫時黏接的加熱,以受光側密封用前驅物片及背面側密封用前驅物片中可含有的有機過氧化物實質上不分解的方式,且以如樹脂組成物(包括乙烯-極性單體共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物)熔融的溫度,將積層體的密封用前驅物片的樹脂組成物加熱即可。
將積層體暫時黏接後,接著進行升溫,而在各構件與受光側密封用前驅物片及背面側密封用前驅物片之間進行充分的黏接。接著,在背面側密封用前驅物片的樹脂組成物中,使反應型紫外線吸收劑的反應性官能基與樹脂成分反應,且使樹脂成分進行交聯反應。關於用以黏接及交聯的加熱溫度,只要是反應型紫外線吸收劑反應、並且可獲得應滿足的交聯速度、且片不產生膨脹的溫度即可。例如可設為100℃~180℃左右的溫度範圍。
受光側密封用前驅物片及背面側密封用前驅物片能夠以如下方式將原料樹脂成形為片狀而獲得。受光側密封用前驅物片及背面側密封用前驅物片可藉由如下方式獲得:在原料樹脂(較佳為乙烯-極性單體共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物)中預先乾式混合有機過氧化物、以及根據需要的其他添加劑(包括反應型紫外線吸收劑)。自擠出機的料斗(hopper)供給乾式混合物,藉由有機過氧化物不分解的溫度擠出成形為片狀。
受光側密封用前驅物片及背面側密封用前驅物片亦可藉由進行壓光成形而獲得。
成形可藉由使用T-模擠出機、壓光成形機、膨脹成形機等的公知的方法而進行。
另外,亦可藉由上述方法預先製作不含有機過氧化物的片,在所製作的片中藉由含浸法添加有機過氧化物。
受光側密封用前驅物片及背面側密封用前驅物片的片厚度通常為0.01mm~2mm,較佳為0.05mm~1.5mm,更佳為0.1mm~1.2mm。若為該範圍內,則可在層壓步驟中抑制玻璃、太陽電池元件、薄膜電極等的破損,且可確保充分的透光率。
[實施例1]
作為受光側密封用片(B)用組成物,在乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(乙酸乙烯酯含量:28重量%)100質量份中,調配2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧化第三丁基)己烷0.1質量份、過氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸第三丁酯0.4質量份、異三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1.0質量份、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷0.2質量份,而獲得樹脂組成物。
藉由附有T模的擠出機,將所得的樹脂組成物擠出成形為厚度約600μm的受光側密封用片(B)用組成物的片體(亦稱為「受光側密封用前驅物片」)。受光側密封用片(B)用組成物的片體的波長為300nm的光的透射率為67%。
作為背面側密封用片(D)用組成物,在乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(乙酸乙烯酯含量:28重量%)100質量份中,調配2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧化第三丁基)己烷0.1質量份、過氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸第三丁酯0.4質量份、異三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1.0質量份、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷0.2質量份、反應型紫外線吸收劑2-[2-羥基-5-[2-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)乙基]苯基]-2H-苯并三唑0.3質量份,而獲得樹脂組成物。
以與受光側密封用片(B)相同的方式,藉由附有T模的擠出機,將所得的樹脂組成物擠出成形為厚度約600μm的背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體(亦稱為「背面側密封用前驅物片」)。
將所得的受光側密封用片(B)用組成物的片體及背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,如圖1般與一對玻璃(A1、A2)及鋁板(C)一起積層,在150℃下實施15分鐘的真空層壓而獲得試驗片。
將所得的試驗片在120℃的烘箱中暴露500小時。使用分光光度計(SolidSpec-3700DUV島津製作所(股)製造),測定曝露前後的試驗片的自A1側入射的光(波長為350nm)因鋁板所致的反射率。測定位置設為距離鋁板(C)的開口部為10mm的位置。
求出暴露前後、即初始值與暴露500小時後的反射率變
化。反射率變化表示紫外線吸收劑自背面側密封用片(D)向受光側密封用片(B)擴散的程度。即,藉由反射率變化來評價紫外線吸收劑的擴散。將評價結果表示於表1。
另外,僅將受光側密封用片(B)在150℃下在真空下加熱15分鐘,並測定波長為300nm的光的透射率,結果為50%以上。在其他實施例及比較例中亦同樣地測定的受光側密封用片(B)的波長為300nm的光的透射率,亦為50%以上。
[實施例2]
將紫外線吸收劑替代為2-(4-烯丙基氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,除此以外,全部以與實施例1相同的方式,製作背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體。使用該背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,將與實施例1相同的紫外線吸收劑的擴散的評價結果表示於表1。
[實施例3]
將紫外線吸收劑替代為2-(4-丙烯醯氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,除此以外,全部以與實施例1相同的方式,製作背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體。使用該背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,將與實施例1相同的紫外線吸收劑的擴散的評價結果表示於表1。
[實施例4]
將紫外線吸收劑替代為丙烯酸2-(3-苯甲醯基-3-羥基苯氧基)
乙酯,除此以外,全部以與實施例1相同的方式,製作背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體。使用該背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,將與實施例1相同的紫外線吸收劑的擴散的評價結果表示於表1。
[實施例5]
作為受光側密封用片(B)用組成物,在乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物(密度:870kg/m3、MFR:20g/10min @ 190℃、2.16kg負荷)100質量份中,調配2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧化第三丁基)己烷0.1質量份、過氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸第三丁酯0.5質量份、異三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1.0質量份、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷0.2質量份,而獲得樹脂組成物。
藉由附有T模的擠出機,將所得的樹脂組成物擠出成形為厚度約600μm的受光側密封用片(B)用組成物的片體。波長為300nm的光的透射率為69%。
作為背面側密封用片(D)用組成物,在乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物(密度:870kg/m3、MFR:20g/10min @ 190℃、2.16kg負荷)100質量份中,調配2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧化第三丁基)己烷0.1質量份、過氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸第三丁酯0.5質量份、異三聚氰酸三烯丙酯1.0質量份、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷0.2質量份、及反應型紫外線吸收劑2-[2-羥基-5-[2-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)乙基]苯基]-2H-苯并三唑0.3質量份,而獲得樹脂組成物。
以與受光側密封用片(B)用組成物的片體相同的方式,藉由附有T模的擠出機,將所得的樹脂組成物擠出成形為厚度約600μm的背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體。
將所得的受光側密封用片(B)用組成物的片體及背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,如圖1般與玻璃(A1、A2)及鋁板(C)積層,在150℃下實施15分鐘的真空層壓。
將所得的試驗片在120℃的烘箱中暴露500小時。使用分光光度計(SolidSpec-3700DUV島津製作所(股)製造),測定曝露前後的試驗片的自A1側入射的光(波長為350nm)的因鋁板所致的反射率。測定位置設為距離鋁板(C)的開口部為10mm的位置。
求出曝露前後、即初始值與暴露500小時後的反射率變化。反射率變化表示紫外線吸收劑自背面側密封用片(D)向受光側密封用片(B)擴散的程度。即,藉由反射率變化來評價紫外線吸收劑的擴散。將評價結果表示於表1。
[實施例6]
作為背面側密封用片(D)用組成物,在乙烯系聚合物(密度:910kg/m3、MFR:8g/10min @ 190℃、2.16kg負荷)100質量份中,調配2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(過氧化第三丁基)己烷0.03質量份、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷1.0質量份、反應型紫外線吸收劑2-[2-羥基-5-[2-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)乙基]苯基]-2H-苯并三唑0.3質量份,而獲
得樹脂組成物。
藉由附有T模的擠出機,將所得的樹脂組成物擠出成形為厚度約600μm的背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體。使用該背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,將與實施例5相同的紫外線吸收劑的擴散的評價結果表示於表1。
[比較例1]
將紫外線吸收劑替代為2-羥基-4-辛醯基二苯甲酮,除此以外,全部以與實施例1相同的方式,製作背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體。使用該背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,將與實施例1相同的紫外線吸收劑的擴散的評價結果表示於表1。
[比較例2]
將紫外線吸收劑替代為2-(2-羥基-5-第三辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,除此以外,全部以與實施例1相同的方式,製作背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體。使用該背面側密封用片(D)用組成物的片體,將與實施例1相同的紫外線吸收劑的擴散的評價結果表示於表1。
如表1所示般,在使用反應型紫外線吸收劑的實施例1~實施例6中,500小時後的反射率維持率高於90%。另一方面,使用通常的紫外線吸收劑的比較例1及比較例2中,500小時後的反射率大幅低於初始值,反射率維持率低。
此種情況表示:反應型紫外線吸收劑停留於背面側密封用片(D),而抑制向受光側密封用片(B)的擴散。另一方面表示,通常的紫外線吸收劑隨著時間經過而自背面側密封用片(D)向受光側密封用片(B)擴散。如此推測,本發明的太陽電池模組由於受光側密封用片(B)的反射率維持率高,因此抑制輸出(光電變換效率)的降低率,而耐久性優異。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明所用的背面側密封用片的紫外線吸收劑的擴散小。即,藉由本發明所用的背面側密封用片,太陽電池模組可長期維持高輸出。因此,使用該背面側密封用片,可獲得耐久性優異的太陽電池模組。
A1、A2‧‧‧玻璃
B‧‧‧受光側密封用片
C‧‧‧鋁板
D‧‧‧背面側密封用片
Claims (4)
- 一種太陽電池模組,其依序積層表面保護片/受光側密封用片/太陽電池元件/背面側密封用片/背面保護片而成,且上述受光側密封用片的波長為300nm的光的透射率為50%以上,上述背面側密封用片包含反應型紫外線吸收劑與樹脂成分的反應物,上述反應型紫外線吸收劑包含具有碳-碳間雙鍵的不飽和基,上述樹脂成分為乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯-α-烯烴共聚物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的太陽電池模組,其中上述反應型紫外線吸收劑包含選自丙烯醯基及甲基丙烯醯基以及烯丙基的基團。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的太陽電池模組,其中上述反應型紫外線吸收劑是選自2-[2-羥基-5-[2-(甲基丙烯醯氧基)乙基]苯基]-2H-苯并三唑、2-(4-烯丙基氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(4-丙烯醯氧基-2-羥基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、及丙烯酸2-(4-苯甲醯基-3-羥基苯氧基)乙酯的至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述的太陽電池模組,其中上述背面側密封用片包含:上述樹脂成分與上述反應型紫外線吸收劑的反應物,相對於上述樹脂成分100重量份,上述反應型紫外線吸收劑為0.01重量份~0.5重量份。
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