TWI568760B - 具有至少一非端烷氧矽基及複數個胺甲酸乙酯基之改質烷氧基化產物及其用途 - Google Patents
具有至少一非端烷氧矽基及複數個胺甲酸乙酯基之改質烷氧基化產物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI568760B TWI568760B TW102108006A TW102108006A TWI568760B TW I568760 B TWI568760 B TW I568760B TW 102108006 A TW102108006 A TW 102108006A TW 102108006 A TW102108006 A TW 102108006A TW I568760 B TWI568760 B TW I568760B
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- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
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Description
本發明係關於烷氧基化產物、其製備、包含本發明烷氧基化產物之組成物及其作為黏合劑及密封劑或用於製造黏合劑及密封劑之用途。
習知聚醚醇(常亦簡稱為聚醚且主要由環氧丙烷及環氧乙烷構成)係廣為接受的且在工業上大量生產。在其他應用中,其經由與聚異氰酸酯反應而充當用於製造聚胺甲酸乙酯或用於製造界面活性劑之起始化合物。
有機烷氧基矽烷化合物(諸如3-縮水甘油氧基丙基-三甲氧基矽烷或-三乙氧基矽烷,其可例如以商標名稱DYNASYLAN® GLYMO或DYNASYLAN® GLYEO(Evonik Degussa GmbH之商標)購得)在溶膠-凝膠製程之情形下參與經有機改質網路之製造,該溶膠-凝膠製程在提供就硬度、耐刮性與耐磨性、耐溫性以及耐溶劑性與耐酸性而言具有增強特性之塗料系統之奈米複合物的製造中充當重要操作。此外,烷氧基矽烷化合物廣泛地用於密封劑及黏合劑中,且通常亦用作供各種基板(諸如金屬、玻
璃及用於纖維增強複合材料之玻璃纖維/玻璃布)用之反應性黏合促進劑及底漆且用於例如塗佈材料中之顏料及填充劑的表面處理。
對於藉助化學改質來改良烷氧基矽烷化合物特性概況之努力從未懈怠以求開創此重要產品類別之更進一步之應用領域。舉例而言,由文獻已知烷氧基化產物(聚醚)之特性概況可與尤其帶有烷氧矽基之可交聯化合物之特性概況相合併。舉例而言,DE 69831518 T2係基於例如以帶有具胺甲酸乙酯化鍵聯之異氰酸酯基的烷氧基矽烷改質聚醚醇。另外選擇用於烷氧矽基改質者係使烷氧基單氫矽烷藉由矽氫化連接至預先經烯烴不飽和端基改質之聚醚醇上。
說明書JP 09012863、JP 09012861及JP 07062222主張一種用於製造末端獨特地具有可水解三烷氧矽基官能基之聚醚醇(諸如甘油聚醚醇)的方法,其例如首先經由DMC催化來製備且隨後藉由將鹼金屬醇鹽及芳基氯添加至相應烯丙基醚中且繼而由鉑金屬催化矽氫化而轉化為經烷氧矽基封端之目標產物。
因此,先前技術中所述之所有方法僅適於製備末端獨特地經三烷氧矽基改質之聚環氧烷化合物,而不適於在環氧烷單元序列中亦具有三烷氧基官能基之聚醚鏈的單次及/或多次改質。
根據EP 2 093 244,可能首次製備帶有烷氧矽基之烷氧基化產物,且應注意與迄今已知之先前技術相反,烷氧矽基隨機分佈或分佈於沿聚醚鏈之嵌段中,而非僅位於鏈末端。此外,應注意該等化合物之末端OH基團,其為反應結果。
在一個分子中存在OH基團及水解敏感性烷氧矽基係化合
物固有反應性之基礎且具有易於與三維聚合網路形成之可交聯性。然而,實驗亦表明OH基團之反應性可能過高。
DE 10 2010 038774描述含有烷氧矽基且由聚醚嵌段及胺甲酸乙酯單元組成之非羥化聚合物。製程產物之斷裂應力係不足的。
因此,本發明之一目標在於提供在經固化後相對於先前技術之含烷氧矽基聚合物展現增加之斷裂應力之化合物。
令人驚訝地,已發現含有具如下文定義之多官能基異氰酸酯之反應產物的化合物達成此目標。
因此,本發明提供如申請專利範圍中所述之烷氧基化產物。
本發明另外提供一種用於製備本發明烷氧基化產物之方法,其特徵在於在第一反應步驟(a)中使聚醚PE與二異氰酸酯反應,且在第二反應步驟(b)中使第一反應步驟(a)之產物及/或產物混合物與式H-M之分子反應。下文中定義聚醚PE、二異氰酸酯及式H-M之分子。
同樣,本發明提供包含本發明之至少一種烷氧基化產物之組成物,該至少一種烷氧基化產物單獨存在或進一步視情況與可固化物質混合。
本發明另外提供本發明之烷氧基化產物以及本發明方法之產物以及包含本發明烷氧基化產物之本發明組成物的用途。
本發明之一優勢在於本發明之烷氧基化產物以及本發明方法之產物具有優良儲存穩定性。同樣,有利的係包含本發明烷氧基化產物之本發明組成物以及本發明方法之產物在添加固化催化劑後在不存在水及/
或水分之情況下顯著儲存穩定。
本發明之另一優勢在於本發明之烷氧基化產物以及本發明方法之產物不放出任何毒性物質。
本發明之烷氧基化產物、本發明方法之產物、用於製備該等組成物之本發明方法以及其發明性用途在下文中舉例描述,而無任何將本發明限制為該等例示性具體實例之意圖。下文在規定化合物之範圍、通式或類別時,應理解為不僅涵蓋明確列舉之化合物相應範圍或分組,而且涵蓋可藉由提取個別值(範圍)或化合物獲得之化合物的所有子範圍及子組。當本說明書引用文獻時,目的在於該等文獻之內容應以其全文形成本發明揭示內容之部分。當上下文給定含量數值(ppm或%)時,除非另外說明,否則其為以重量%或重量ppm(wppm)計之數值。在組成物之情形下,除非另外說明,否則含量數值係基於總體組成物。當下文給定平均值時,除非另外說明,否則其為數量平均值。當使用莫耳質量時,除非另外明確說明,否則其為具有g/mol單位之重量平均莫耳質量。當下文指示量測值時,則除非另外說明,否則該等量測值係在1013.25hPa壓力及25℃溫度下確定。
在一些情形下,下文定義包括與所定義術語等效且同義使用之其他術語。
與本發明相關之詞段「聚(poly)」不僅特指涵蓋分子中具有一或多種單體的至少3個重複單元之化合物,而且更特定涵蓋展示一定分子量分佈且具有至少200g/mol平均分子量之彼等化合物組成物。此定義考量以下事實,即在所關注技術領域中通常將該等化合物視作聚合物,即使其似乎並不滿足根據OECD或REACH指令範圍之聚合物定義。
舉例而言,無論分子或分子片段在何處具有一或多個立構中心或可基於對稱性或基於其他作用(諸如限制旋轉)而區分為異構體,所有可能異構體均包括於本發明中。
熟習此項技術者已知異構體;閱讀者尤其可參考Professor Kazmaier of the Saarland University所給之定義,例如http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak8/kazmaier/PDF_files/vorlesungen/Stereochemie%20Strassb%20Vorla ge.pdf。
在本發明中提及天然物質(諸如乳酸酯)時,本發明原則上係指所有異構體,較佳為在每一情形下天然存在之彼等異構體,且因此在本文引用之時係指L-乳酸酯。
關於天然物質之定義,則係指「Dictionary of Natural Products」,Chapman and Hall/CRC Press,Taylor and Francis Group,例如在2011:http://dnp.chemnetbase.com/之線上版本中。
下文式(Ia)及式(II)中之各種片段可按統計學分佈。統計學分佈可具有具任意嵌段數目及任意序列之嵌段狀構造,或可經受隨機分佈;其亦可交替構造或可在鏈上形成梯度;特定而言,其亦可形成其中具有不同分佈之基團可視情況彼此跟隨之所有混合形式。式(I)、式(Ia)及式(II)描述具有一定分子量分佈之聚合物。因此,該等指數表示所有單體單元之數值平均值。
式中所用之指數a、b、c、d、e、f、g、h、i、j、k、I、m、n、o、p、q、r、s、t、u及v以及所規定指數之值範圍可理解為實際存在之結構及/或其混合物之可能統計學分佈的平均值。此甚至適用於本身同樣地精確複製之彼等結構式,諸如式(Ia)及式(II)。
包含式(I)結構要素之本發明烷氧基化產物Mi Dj Tk Ql URu APv 式(I)
獨特之處在於片段M、D、T及Q並非彼此連接,而經由基團UR及/或AP彼此連接,且基團UR及AP並非彼此連接,而相應經由片段D、T或Q彼此連接。
關於該等指數,i=2至16,較佳大於2至12,j=1至10,較佳為1.2至8,更佳為1.5至6,極佳大於或等於2,k=0至6,較佳大於0至4,更尤其為0.5至2,l=0至4,較佳大於0至3,更尤其為0.5至2,j+k係大於或等於1.5,較佳大於或等於2,u=2至17,較佳大於2至15,更佳為2.5至10,更尤其為3至8,v=0至6,較佳大於0至4,更尤其為0.1至2。
M在每次出現時獨立地為帶有氧基團且具有88g/mol之最小數量莫耳質量且可視情況雜有雜原子之烴殘基,較佳為下式之烴殘基,CoH2o+1-O-(CmH2m-O)n-(CH2CH2-O-)p-(CH2CH(CH3)O)r-,其中o=1至36,例如包括5至16或8至11,較佳為2至20,更佳為3至16,更尤其為4至12,m=3至6,n=0至50,p=0至50,r=2至40,較佳為3至30,更尤其為4至20;更佳地,該烴殘基為由以丁醇為起始物製備之聚氧化丙烯組成之聚
醚;更特定而言,M為C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]5.3-或M為式(Ia)之基團
其中a=0至1000,較佳為1至100或大於1至100,更佳為2至50,其限制條件為式(II)與式(Ia)中之指數a之總和必須大於或等於1,b=0至1000,較佳為1至500,更佳為大於1至400,c=0至1000,較佳為1至100或大於1至100,更佳為0至50,d=0至1000,較佳為1至100或大於1至100,更佳為0至50,其限制條件為具有指數a、b、c及d之基團在分子鏈上可自由交換,e=1至10,g+f=3且g至少為1,h=0至10,較佳為1至10,更佳為3,且其限制條件為具有指數a、b、c及d之片段與取代基R1之聚環氧烷鏈兩者之不同單體單元可彼此構造於嵌段中或可經受統計學分佈,且此外可彼此自由交換,且其中R1=在每次出現時獨立地為可經進一步取代且含有O、S及/或N作為雜
原子之飽和或不飽和、直鏈或分支鏈有機烴殘基,該烴殘基較佳含有4至400個碳原子,R2=在每次出現時獨立地為具有1至8個碳原子之烷基,更尤其為甲基或乙基,R3=在每次出現時獨立地為具有1至8個碳原子之烷基,更尤其為甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基,R4=在每次出現時獨立地為氫基或具有1至8個碳原子之烷基,較佳為氫、甲基或乙基,更佳為氫,R5=在每次出現時獨立地為氫基、具有1至20個碳原子之烷基、或芳基或烷芳基,較佳為氫、甲基、乙基、辛基、癸基、十二烷基、苯基、苄基,更佳為氫、甲基或乙基,或R4與一個基團R5可一起形成包括與R4及R5鍵結之原子的環,該環較佳包含5至8個碳原子,R6及R7=在每次出現時獨立地與R5相同及/或為烷氧基,較佳為甲基,R11=在每次出現時獨立地為具有1至24個碳原子、較佳1至14個碳原子之飽和或不飽和烷基,且其鏈可雜有氧且可另外帶有官能基,諸如視情況經諸如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇或己醇之醇類酯化之羧基,視情況經諸如乙酸、丁酸或(甲基)丙烯酸及/或(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物之酸類酯化之羥基,或具有6至20個碳原子之芳基或具有7至30個、較佳7至20個碳原子之烷芳基,較佳為甲基、乙基、己基、辛基、2-乙基己基、苯基、甲苯基、第三丁基苯基或苄基及/或烯丙基或(聚)(甲基)丙烯酸酯,更佳為2-乙基己基或
第三丁基苯基或苄基。
片段D、T及Q亦可如下描述:D為聚醚基團PE,其中t為2,T為聚醚基團PE,其中t為3,且Q為聚醚基團PE,其中t為4。
PE在每次出現時獨立地為式-(DA)t-DX之聚醚殘基,其中t=2至4,較佳大於2至小於4,且DX為可包含O、S、Si及/或N作為雜原子之t價官能性、飽和或不飽和直鏈或分支鏈有機烴殘基,其中每一基團DA均與基團DX共價鍵結,該烴殘基較佳包含8至1500個碳原子,該烴殘基之碳鏈較佳雜有氧原子,該烴殘基較佳包含含有矽原子之取代基,該等含有矽原子之取代基較佳為烷氧矽基,雜有氧原子之烴殘基較佳為聚環氧烷殘基、聚醚殘基及/或聚醚烷氧基殘基,或DX可為單次或多次稠合之酚系基團,或更佳地,DX可為經羥化t次之醣、(聚)胺甲酸乙酯、全氟化聚醚醇、矽氧烷、聚酯醇、聚醚醇或醇之t價基團,較佳為OH官能基聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚醚酯或全氟化聚醚及其共聚物,更佳為OH官能基聚醚或聚酯,且其中DA為式(II)之片段
其中b至h及R2至R7及R11如式(Ia)中所定義,且a=0至1000,較佳為1至100或大於1至100,更佳為2至50,其限制條件為若M不帶有具烷氧矽基之取代基或本身未直接經烷氧矽基取代,則指數a必須大於或等於1。
因此,聚醚殘基D可為以經二羥基取代之化合物為起始物製備之聚醚。聚醚殘基T可為以經三羥基取代之化合物為起始物製備之聚醚。聚醚殘基Q可為以經四羥基取代之化合物為起始物製備之聚醚。片段M可為以經單羥基取代之化合物為起始物製備之聚醚。
UR彼此獨立地為-U-DC-U-形式之相同或不同二價殘基,其中U為經由氮與DC鍵結之-C(O)-NH基團,且DC為二價經取代或未經取代烴殘基;DC較佳為具有6至30個碳原子之烴殘基;DC更佳為異佛酮(isophorone)殘基。
AP彼此獨立地為通式(IIIa)或通式(IIIb)之相同或不同殘基
片段UR可稱作胺甲酸乙酯橋。片段AP可稱作脲甲酸酯橋。
殘基R1可帶有其他官能基,諸如(甲基)丙烯酸及/或(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物。因此,存在之任何羥基均可經丙烯酸及/或甲基丙烯酸酯化。(甲基)丙烯酸之雙鍵例如可經基團聚合,例如經UV誘導聚合。
(甲基)丙烯酸基團之聚合作用可在製備聚醚之後進行。其亦可由本發明之烷氧基化產物、本發明方法之產物以及根據本發明用途來進行。
DX為t價官能基有機烴殘基。該官能基之特徵在於其能夠利用開環作用引發環氧烷之聚合作用、利用轉酯化作用引發酸酯之聚合作用及/或利用開環作用引發酸內酯之聚合作用。就此而言,其表示起始物化合物。聚合作用可視情況經催化進行。充當催化劑者可為酸、鹼及含金屬原子之錯合物。較佳使用稱作DMC催化劑者。此催化劑符合熟習此項技術者已知之加成反應常用規則,舉例而言,即起始物較佳在環氧烷之較少取代側或在內酯之羰基碳上反應。在式(II)之情形下,此對應於該式之左手側。
聚醚之OH官能基與異氰酸酯官能基反應以形成胺甲酸乙酯。在此反應過程中,通常存在一系列次級反應(例如異氰酸酯基團與胺甲酸乙酯單元加成而形成脲甲酸酯基團),其程度可經由選擇反應條件來控
制。
本發明之較佳烷氧基化產物為式(I)之彼等化合物,其中指數k及l為零。尤其較佳為二羥基官能性聚醚PE的烷氧基化產物/聚合物。尤其較佳為由3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷(GLYEO)及環氧丙烷(PO)以及視情況由環氧乙烷(EO)及/或縮水甘油醚及/或內酯製備之二價聚醚PE。尤其較佳為獨特地由GLYEO及PO或獨特地由GLYEO及PO及EO製備之二羥基官能性聚醚PE。起始物DX較佳為聚丙二醇。
本發明之式(I)之尤其較佳烷氧基化產物為其中片段M不具有烷氧矽基及/或烷基矽基之彼等化合物。
進一步尤其較佳者為本發明之烷氧基化產物,其基於個別分子每個基團UR具有數量平均大於一個烷氧矽基。
進一步較佳者為本發明之式(I)之烷氧基化產物,其中k、l及v為零。進一步較佳者為其中指數i為2、指數j為2至3且指數u為3至4之烷氧基化產物。
EP 2 093 244描述在已知雙金屬氰化物催化劑存在下可如何有利地選擇性地烷氧基化帶有環氧官能基之烷氧基矽烷。其中主張之方法為不僅在末端而且在環氧烷單元序列內對聚環氧烷化合物重複進行單次及/或多次烷氧矽基改質創造了可能性。EP 2 093 244之揭示內容完全被視為本說明書之組成部分。
本發明之產物較佳可使用雙金屬氰化物催化劑(DMC催化劑)經由烷氧基化方法獲得。自20世紀60年代以來已知該等催化劑、其製備及作為烷氧基化催化劑之用途,且其例如陳述於US 3,427,256、US
3,427,334、US 3,427,335、US 3,278,457、US 3,278,458或US 3,278,459中。在隨後數年中進一步研發且例如在US 5,470,813及US 5,482,908中描述之更有效類型DMC催化劑中,鋅鈷六氰基錯合物為一種特殊實例。由於其極高活性,僅需要小濃度之催化劑來製備聚醚醇,且因此在烷氧基化程序結束時無需處理階段(由中和、沈澱及藉由過濾催化劑來分離組成),而此處理階段為習知鹼性催化劑所必需的。DMC催化之烷氧基化作用的高選擇性係例如基於環氧丙烷之聚醚僅含有極小部分不飽和副產物的原因。
其他參考文獻之實例包括EP-A1-1 017 738、US 5,777,177、EP-A1-0 981 407、WO 2006/002807及EP-A1-1 474 464。
可用環氧烷化合物之實例為環氧乙烷、1,2-環氧基丙烷(環氧丙烷)、1,2-甲基-2-乙氧基丙烷、表氯醇、2,3-環氧基-1-丙醇、1,2-環氧基丁烷(環氧丁烷)、2,3-環氧基丁烷、1,2-甲基-3-乙氧基丁烷、1,2-環氧基戊烷、1,2-甲基-3-乙氧基戊烷、1,2-環氧基己烷、1,2-環氧基環己烷、1,2-環氧基庚烷、1,2-環氧基辛烷、1,2-環氧基壬烷、1,2-環氧基癸烷、1,2-環氧基十一烷、1,2-環氧基十二烷、氧化苯乙烯、1,2-環氧基環戊烷、1,2-環氧基環己烷、乙烯基環氧環己烷、(2,3-環氧基丙基)苯、乙烯基環氧乙烷、3-苯氧基-1,2-環氧基丙烷、2,3-環氧基甲基醚、2,3-環氧基乙基醚、2,3-環氧基異丙基醚、2,3-環氧基-1-丙醇、硬脂酸(3,4-環氧基丁基)酯、乙酸4,5-環氧基戊酯、2,3-環氧基丙烷甲基丙烯酸酯、2,3-環氧基丙烷丙烯酸酯、丁酸縮水甘油酯、環氧丙酸甲酯、2,3-環氧基丁酸乙酯、4-(三甲基矽基)丁烷1,2-環氧化物、4-(三乙基矽基)丁烷1,2-環氧化物、3-(全氟甲基)環氧丙烷、3-(全氟乙基)環氧丙烷、3-(全氟丁基)環氧丙烷、4-(2,3-環氧基丙基)嗎啉、1-(環氧乙烷-2-基甲基)
吡咯啶-2-酮。較佳使用環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷及環氧丁烷。尤其較佳使用環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷。
視所用環氧官能性烷氧基矽烷及所採用之任何其他單體而定,可能製備經改質之烷氧基化產物(II)以及任何所要組成物之混合物。
在本發明之情形下,經環氧基團取代且能夠單獨使用或以彼此混合物之形式或與環氧化合物組合使用之烷氧基矽烷的非結論性集合包括例如3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基-丙基三丙氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三異丙氧基矽烷、雙(3-縮水甘油氧基丙基)-二甲氧基矽烷、雙(3-縮水甘油氧基丙基)二乙氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基己基-三甲氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基己基三乙氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲基-二甲氧基矽烷、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基乙基二乙氧基矽烷。
為達成本發明之目的,提供式(Ia)中之殘基R1之化合物為形成欲製備之烷氧基化產物(尤其為式(Ia)之產物)之起始物的物質,該起始物係根據本發明由環氧官能性單體與任何其他共聚單體之加成反應而獲得。本發明方法中所用之起始物化合物較佳係選自醇類、聚醚醇類或酚類之群。所用之尤其較佳起始物化合物為一元或多元聚醚醇或醇。較佳使用一元至四元聚醚醇或醇。
所用之較佳OH官能性起始物化合物R1-H(其中氫為羥基之一部分)為具有31至10 000g/mol、更佳50至2000g/mol、更尤其60至80g/mol之莫耳質量的化合物。起始物化合物可以任何所需之彼此混合物形式或以純物質形式使用。亦可能使用經含有烷氧矽基之取代基或直接經烷氧
矽基側向取代之羥基化合物(諸如EP 2093244中所述之矽基聚醚)作為起始物化合物。
作為起始物化合物,有利地使用具有50至2000g/mol莫耳質量之低分子質量聚醚醇,其又預先由DMC催化之烷氧基化作用製備。
不僅具有脂族及環脂族OH基團之化合物具有適合性,具有OH官能基之任何所需化合物亦具有適合性。該等化合物包括例如酚、烷基酚及芳基酚。
可有利地使用之OH官能性起始物化合物R1-H為例如烯丙基醇、2-烯丙氧基乙醇、乙烯基醇、乙醇,以及丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇及壬醇之所有異構體。另外,尤其可能使用脂肪醇。典型實例為辛醇、1-十一醇、月桂醇、1-十三醇、異十三醇、肉豆蔻醇、1-十五醇、鯨蠟醇、棕櫚油醇(palmoleyl alcohol)、1-十七醇、硬脂醇、異硬脂醇、油醇、反油醇(elaidyl alcohol)、岩芹醇(petroselinyl alcohol)、亞麻醇(linolyl alcohol)、次亞麻油醇(linolenyl alcohol)、1-十九醇、桐油醇(elaeostearyl alcohol)、花生醇(arachyl alcohol)、1-二十一醇、二十碳烯醇(gadoleyl alcohol)、山崳醇(behenyl alcohol)、瓢兒菜醇(erucyl alcohol)及巴惟醇(brassidyl alcohol)以及其技術混合物。除分支鏈中通常帶有2至4個甲基之羰氧化法(oxo-process)醇類之化合物類別以外,可採用之起始物化合物亦包括稱作格爾伯特醇(Guerbet alcohol)之彼等化合物,其2位上具有烷基分支鏈。適合之格爾伯特醇包括2-乙基己醇、2-丁基辛醇、2-己基癸醇及/或2-辛基十二醇。可用之其他醇包括環狀醇,即環戊醇、1-甲基環戊醇、環己醇、糠醇及甘油醇縮丙酮(solketal)。其他適合醇為任何單OH端聚醚及/或聚氧化
烯,諸如甲基起始或丁基起始之聚氧化乙烯或聚氧化丙烯及/或其混合氧化物。尤其較佳為使用丁醇、2-乙基己醇、壬醇、異壬醇、3,5,5-三甲基己醇、癸醇及異十三醇或由以丁醇為起始物製備之聚氧化丙烯組成之聚醚,極佳為其中R1為C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]x且x=4至7,更佳為其中x=5.3。
作為式DX(其中t=2至4)之二-至四-OH官能性起始物化合物,例如較佳使用具有62至10 000g/mol、較佳92至7000g/mol、更佳122至5000g/mol且極佳2000至4000g/mol之莫耳質量的化合物。起始物化合物可以任何所需之彼此混合物形式或以純物質形式使用。亦可能使用經含有烷氧矽基之取代基或直接經烷氧矽基側向取代之羥基化合物(諸如EP 2093244中所述之矽基聚醚)作為起始物化合物。
作為起始物化合物,有利地使用具有62至2000g/mol莫耳質量之低分子質量聚醚醇,其又預先由DMC催化之烷氧基化作用製備。
不僅具有脂族及環脂族OH基團之化合物具有適合性,具有OH官能基之任何所需化合物亦具有適合性。該等化合物包括例如酚、烷基酚及芳基酚,或其他碳水化合物(諸如醣類);尤其適合之起始物化合物為雙酚A及酚醛樹脂。
本發明之烷氧基化產物可以多種方式獲得。較佳由下文描述之本發明方法製備本發明之烷氧基化產物。
用於製備本發明之烷氧基化產物之本發明方法的獨特之處在於在第一反應步驟(a)中使式PE之聚醚與二異氰酸酯反應,且在第二反應步驟(b)中使第一反應步驟(a)之產物/產物混合物與式H-M之分子反應。上文已描述式PE之聚醚。式H-M之分子為含有與上文已述片段M
鍵結之氫的化合物。
在本發明方法中,較佳以超過聚醚PE之莫耳過量使用二異氰酸酯。
進一步較佳地,本發明方法中之聚醚PE經選擇以使得產物中存在比基團UR多之烷氧矽基。
兩種反應(a)與(b)較佳在彼此獨立之時間進行。在彼情形下,較佳首先使聚醚PE與二異氰酸酯反應。在此步驟中,化學計算量比例決定產物中UR片段之數目。在第二反應步驟(b)中,使尚未經反應消耗之異氰酸酯基團與分子H-M反應。
與分子H-M之反應對應於封端過程。此反應步驟之目的在於藉由反應使得較佳消耗所有異氰酸酯基團。
在本發明之方法中,可能使用選自涵蓋例如以下之群的二官能性異氰酸酯:甲苯2,4-二異氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯或亞甲基二苯基二異氰酸酯(MDI)、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(HMDI)、2,2,4-三甲基己烷1,6-二異氰酸酯(TMDI)、聚合二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(PMDI)、異佛酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)、4,4'-二異氰酸基二環己基甲烷(H12MDI),脂族產物較佳且異佛酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)尤其較佳。可用之三官能性異氰酸酯係選自涵蓋例如以下之群:三苯基甲烷三異氰酸酯、苯1,3,5-三異氰酸酯及甲苯2,4,6-三異氰酸酯。
一些該等異氰酸酯具有立構中心。尤其應注意異佛酮之異構體。所有可想像之異構體均明確包括於本發明之範疇中。因此,舉例而言,異佛酮二異氰酸酯可分為順異構體與反異構體。尤其較佳為包含5:1至1:5、
較佳3:1至1:3、更佳1:1之順/反混合物的異佛酮二異氰酸酯。一種尤其較佳之市售產物由3:1之順/反混合物組成。較佳使用市售之異佛酮二異氰酸酯。異佛酮二異氰酸酯以其他名稱可得,該等名稱作為同義名包括於本發明之範疇內:3-異氰酸基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基環己基異氰酸酯、5-異氰酸基-1-(異氰酸基甲基)-1,3,3-三甲基環己烷,CA RN:4098-71-9。商標名稱之多樣化係常見的,該等名稱常含有母分子異佛酮之名稱,不過亦熟悉其他商標名稱:例如Desmodur®I(BAYER)、Isocur IPDI 22-200(ISO-ELEKTRA)、VESTANAT® IPDI(EVONIK INDUSTRIES),其同樣包括於本發明之範疇內。關於異佛酮二異氰酸酯之常見規格如下:總氯含量<400mg/kg,可水解氯<200mg/kg,純度>99.5重量%,折射率n25 D 1.483(DIN 51 423,第2部分)、NCO含量37.5-37.8重量%(EN ISO 11 909/ASTM D 2572),且市售產物描述為無色至淺黃色。
異氰酸酯可寡聚合。市售產物常含有較大或較小量之該等寡聚物。該等寡聚物可例如由下式描述:
Q表示異氰酸酯之殘基。對於熟習此項技術者而言,可能使用上文確定之異氰酸酯以使本文提及之結構衍生化。二聚物及三聚物分別理解為均二聚物及均三聚物。
在上述二異氰酸酯之情形下,此處可能形成能夠含有對應於UR之胺甲酸乙酯作為類似橋接要素且可直接自所示二異氰酸酯二聚物衍生之結構。
二異氰酸酯三聚物能夠與兩種以上聚醚PE反應。在此情形下,可能形成與AP類似之橋接要素;該等三胺甲酸乙酯可以相同方式衍生自上文所示之結構。
對於分子H-M及聚醚PE與二異氰酸酯之反應而言,可能有必要藉由催化加速反應。已採用之催化劑為熟習胺甲酸乙酯化學技術者熟知之錫、鉍及鈦催化劑,諸如月桂酸二丁基錫、二酮二辛基錫、二月桂酸二丁基錫、二月桂酸二辛基錫(例如可以商標名稱TIB KAT® 216(Goldschmidt TIB/TIB Chemicals)購得)、二乙醯基丙酮酸二丁基錫、二乙酸二丁基錫、二辛酸二丁基錫或二乙醯基丙酮酸二辛基錫、Borchi®催化劑、鉍氧化物、羧酸鉍(例如可以商標名稱TIB KAT® 722(Goldschmidt TIB/TIB Chemicals)購得)、甲烷磺酸鉍、硝酸鉍、氯化鉍、三苯基鉍、硫化鉍以及具有該等催化劑之製劑、鈦酸鹽(例如異丙醇鈦(IV))、鐵(III)化合物(例如乙醯基丙酮酸鐵(III))、鋁化合物(諸如三異丙醇鋁、三-第二丁醇鋁及其他醇鹽以及乙醯基丙酮酸鋁)。
此外,亦適合者為鋅鹽(諸如辛酸鋅、乙醯基丙酮酸鋅及2-乙基己酸鋅)或四烷基銨化合物(諸如N,N,N-三甲基-N-2-羥基丙基氫氧化銨、N,N,N-三甲基-N-2-羥基丙基2-乙基己酸銨或2-乙基己酸膽鹼)。較佳使用辛酸鋅(2-乙基己酸鋅)、二月桂酸二辛基錫、鉍氧化物、羧酸鉍、鉍催化劑製劑及/或四烷基銨化合物,更佳使用辛酸鋅、二月桂酸二辛基錫及/
或羧酸鉍以及具有鉍催化劑之製劑。
催化劑較佳以5ppm至5000ppm之濃度使用。催化劑之用量可顯著影響最終產物之組成。對於不同催化劑而言,可能因此意識到應選擇不同使用濃度。舉例而言,有機錫催化劑可較佳以5ppm至150ppm之濃度使用,且羧酸鉍較佳以300ppm至2000ppm之濃度使用。
本發明之烷氧基化產物可較佳藉由適合獲得本發明烷氧基化產物之任何方法來製備/獲得。本發明之尤其較佳烷氧基化產物為可由下述方法製備/獲得及由下述方法製備/獲得之彼等產物。
因此,本發明進一步提供較佳用於製備烷氧基化產物之方法。下述方法一般而言尤其適用於製備本發明之烷氧基化產物,且亦更尤其用於製備包含關於本發明之烷氧基化產物所述之較佳具體實例的本發明之烷氧基化產物。
所主張用於製備最終烷氧基化產物之方法可由兩階段反應序列組成,在此情形下較佳在第一反應步驟(a)中使式PE之聚醚與二異氰酸酯(如上定義)反應且在第二反應步驟(b)中使第一反應步驟(a)之產物與式H-M之分子反應。
在用於製備烷氧基化產物之本發明較佳方法中,聚醚PE及二異氰酸酯可較佳在催化劑存在下反應。較佳可能以超過聚醚PE之莫耳過量使用二異氰酸酯。
在本發明之方法中,較佳在反應步驟(a)中將聚醚PE與二異氰酸酯彼此混合。較佳可將二異氰酸酯添加至聚醚PE中。較佳可將二異氰酸酯添加至經加熱之聚醚PE中。混合較佳在高溫下進行,涵蓋大於25℃
之溫度,更佳在40℃至100℃之溫度下,極佳在60℃至80℃下。較佳可使反應在催化劑存在下進行,該催化劑更佳在5至5000ppm之濃度下。亦較佳可在混合溫度下添加催化劑,涵蓋大於25℃之溫度,更佳在40℃至100℃之溫度下,極佳在60℃至80℃下。較佳在添加個別成分之前及/或期間及/或之後對包含二異氰酸酯及聚醚PE且亦較佳包含催化劑之混合物進行攪拌。為達成本發明之目的進行之攪拌意謂使反應混合物混合之任何方式。攪拌可較佳在高溫下進行,涵蓋大於25℃之溫度,更佳在40℃至100℃之溫度下,在60℃至80℃下。攪拌較佳在整個反應時間內進行。更佳地,混合物可較佳在混合溫度下攪拌15分鐘至90分鐘,極佳為30分鐘至60分鐘,更尤其為45分鐘。
必要時,可能向反應混合物中額外添加催化劑(基於反應混合物中所有催化劑之總濃度更佳為5至5000ppm之濃度)及/或二異氰酸酯及/或聚醚PE作為尤其較佳之成分。
較佳可能隨後將混合物進一步加熱,或若首次未預先進行加熱時。尤其較佳可將混合物加熱5℃至30℃,更佳加熱7℃至20℃,極佳加熱10℃至15℃。較佳可將反應混合物加熱至60℃至100℃,更佳加熱至60℃至80℃。尤其較佳可使混合溫度處於70℃至80℃下,且可在後續方法步驟期間維持此溫度。
進一步較佳向反應步驟(b)之反應混合物中添加分子H-M。較佳可在高溫下添加一定量之分子H-M。分子H-M較佳可在60℃至80℃下,更佳在65℃至75℃下添加。較佳可能在添加分子H-M期間及/或之後進行(進一步)攪拌。在特定具體實例之情形下,若在與H-M反應之前或
期間進一步添加催化劑,則此舉可為有利的。在此進一步添加催化劑之情形下,可能添加與第一反應步驟中所用相同之催化劑或添加不同催化劑。混合物可較佳在高溫下較佳攪拌數小時,較佳為1小時至8小時,更佳為1.5小時至4小時,更尤其為3小時。該方法之各步驟可以任何所需次序進行。在一尤其較佳具體實例中,該等方法步驟之次序為上文引用之其描述次序。
隨後可將反應產物較佳冷卻至室溫。然而,亦可能向反應混合物中供應其他成分,諸如催化劑、PE及二異氰酸酯以及視情況選用之化合物H-M,且繼續反應。在該繼續反應過程中,另外可能例如添加一或多種催化劑,該一或多種催化劑可與預先在反應步驟(a)及(b)中採用之彼或彼等催化劑相同或不同。此外,例如可能額外添加式H-M之一或多種化合物,其可與預先計量加入之化合物H-M相同或不同。舉例而言,另外亦可能添加一或多種二異氰酸酯,其可與預先在反應步驟(a)中所用之二異氰酸酯相同或不同。
作為尤其較佳之成分,可能向反應混合物中添加基於反應混合物中所有催化劑之總濃度更佳在5ppm至5000ppm濃度下之催化劑,及/或添加二異氰酸酯及/或聚醚PE,較佳僅添加催化劑。該等成分可同時或相繼及/或分數份(較佳分2份至12份)供應至反應混合物中。在一較佳具體實例中,可能向反應混合物中交替供應催化劑及至少一種選自二異氰酸酯及/或聚醚PE之其他成分,且個別成分之總量在每一情形下可再分為2份至12份,且視情況在每一情形下向反應混合物中交替供應一部分所選成分。若向反應混合物中供應催化劑,則可較佳添加與先前反應步驟中視情況所
添加相同之催化劑(較佳分數份)或添加一或多種與可選第一催化劑不同之其他催化劑(再次較佳分數份)。較佳可在高溫下添加其他成分,涵蓋大於25℃之溫度,更佳在40℃至100℃之溫度下,在60℃至80℃下,且極佳在與先前步驟中保持相同之溫度下(涵蓋5℃左右之溫度變化)。較佳在添加其他成分(更佳為催化劑及/或二異氰酸酯及/或聚醚PE)之前及/或期間及/或之後攪拌反應混合物。較佳可將混合物攪拌數小時,更佳為1小時至8小時,尤其為1.5小時至4小時。必要時,可在上述溫度範圍內且視情況在所引用之攪拌條件下將其他成分(較佳為催化劑)之添加進行一或多次,換言之為兩次、三次、四次等,換言之儘可能常添加,更佳為一次。
根據本發明尤其較佳為在催化劑存在下進行之彼等方法,該催化劑更佳在5ppm至5000ppm之濃度下,且其中至少再添加一次另一成分催化劑,較佳分數份添加,更佳以基於反應混合物中所有催化劑之總濃度5ppm至5000ppm之濃度添加。
由於本發明之該等烷氧基化產物之烷氧矽基對水解敏感且具有交聯傾向,因此該等烷氧基化產物代表可固化之改質聚合物或寡聚物。其與固態熱固性最終產物或(視交聯密度或特定佐劑之選擇而定)與彈性或熱塑性最終產物之交聯係在水存在下且視情況在添加催化劑之情況下以簡單方式來完成。此催化劑可為例如酸或鹼或含金屬之化合物。例如可藉由改變(例如增加)固化程序期間之溫度來控制(縮短)適用期。舉例而言,經由改質聚合物鏈中烷氧基矽烷單元之分數變化,可能影響交聯密度且因此在廣泛限度內影響固化改質聚合物之機械及物理化學特性概況。
除本發明之烷氧基化產物及/或本發明方法之式(I)產物以外,本發明之組成物較佳包含選自以下之群之其他佐劑:增塑劑、填充劑、溶劑、乳化劑、助黏劑、用於改善流動行為之添加劑(稱作流變添加劑)及至少一種固化催化劑。必要時,亦可能將用於化學乾燥之添加劑及/或用於抵抗熱及/或化學曝露及/或紫外線與可見光曝露之穩定劑併入調配物中。
此外,組成物亦可包含本身已知之功能性物質,諸如流變添加劑、水清除劑、搖變劑、阻燃劑、發泡劑或消泡劑、脫氣劑、成膜聚合物、抗菌物質及防腐劑、抗氧化劑、染料、著色劑及顏料、防霜劑、殺真菌劑、助黏劑及/或反應性稀釋劑以及增塑劑及錯合劑、噴霧助劑、濕潤劑、維生素、生長物質、激素、活性藥理學成分、香料、光穩定劑、自由基清除劑、UV吸收劑及/或其他穩定劑。
本發明之烷氧基化產物及本發明方法之產物可單獨使用或以與根據EP 2 093 244製備之烷氧基化產物的摻合物形式使用。在包含對應於根據EP 2 093 244製備之烷氧基化產物之烷氧基化產物的混合物中,本發明之烷氧基化產物及/或本發明方法之產物的分數基於烷氧基化產物之總質量較佳大於25重量%,較佳大於50重量%且更佳大於75重量%。
增塑劑係選自鄰苯二甲酸酯、聚酯、酚之烷基磺酸酯、環己烷二羧酸酯或聚醚之群,且其在調配物中之比例可為0重量%至90重量%,較佳為2重量%至70重量%,更佳為5重量%至35重量%。
所用填充劑可為沈澱或研磨白堊、沈澱或研磨矽酸鹽、沈澱或煙霧狀二氧化矽、玻璃粉末、玻璃珠、中空玻璃珠(稱作氣泡)、金屬氧化物(諸如TiO2及Al2O3)、金屬氫氧化物(諸如氫氧化鋁)、木粉、天然或
沈澱硫酸鋇、增強纖維(諸如玻璃纖維或碳纖維)、呈長或短纖維形式之矽灰石、軟木、碳黑或石墨。填充劑較佳以基於完整混合物0重量%至90重量%之濃度使用,且5重量%至70重量%之濃度尤其較佳。進一步有利地使用疏水化填充劑,此係因為該等產物引入相對少量之水,且改良調配物之儲存穩定性。許多所述填充劑可隨後經疏水化或可藉由熟練製程方式以疏水化形式產生,或甚至可由本發明之烷氧基化產物疏水化。疏水化方法具多樣性且為熟習此項技術者所知。
混合物可包含有機物質,較佳為液體及溶劑。該等溶劑例如用以降低非交聯混合物之黏度,且其促使黏附至粒子表面。所涵蓋之溶劑原則上包括所有溶劑以及溶劑混合物。該等溶劑之較佳實例為醚類(諸如第三丁基甲基醚)、酯類(諸如乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯或碳酸二乙酯)以及醇類(諸如甲醇、乙醇以及丙醇與丁醇之各種區位異構體)或根據應用特定選擇之二醇類型。亦可能採用芳族及/或脂族溶劑以及鹵化溶劑,諸如二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氟化烴(FREON)及其他溶劑,以及無機溶劑(諸如水、CS2、超臨界CO2及其他溶劑)。
舉例而言,流變添加劑可選自以下之群:醯胺蠟(例如可以品牌名稱Crayvallac®自Cray Valley獲得)、氫化植物油及脂肪、煙霧狀二氧化矽(諸如Aerosil® R202或R805(兩者均可購自Evonik)或Cab-O-Sil® TS 720或TS 620或TS 630(由Cabot出售))。視所需流動行為而定,該等添加劑基於總體調配物以0重量%至10重量%之分數、較佳以2重量%至5重量%之分數使用。可單獨或以混合物形式使用之化學乾燥劑為乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® VTMO,Evonik;或Geniosil® XL 10,Wacker AG)、乙烯基
三乙氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® VTEO,Evonik;或Geniosil® GF 56,Wacker)、乙烯基三乙醯氧基矽烷(Geniosil® GF 62,Wacker)、N-三甲氧基矽基甲基O-甲基-胺甲酸酯(Geniosil® XL 63,Wacker)、N-二甲氧基(甲基)矽基甲基O-甲基-胺甲酸酯、N-甲基[3-(三甲氧基矽基)丙基]胺甲酸酯(Geniosil® GF 60,Wacker)、乙烯基二甲氧基甲基矽烷(Geniosil® XL 12,Wacker)、乙烯基參(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-矽烷(Geniosil® GF 58,Wacker)、雙(3-三乙氧基矽基丙基)胺(Dynasylan® 1122,Evonik)、雙(3-三甲氧基矽基丙基)胺(Dynasylan® 1124)、N-二甲氧基(甲基)-矽基甲基O-甲基胺甲酸酯(Geniosil® XL 65,Wacker)或寡聚乙烯基矽烷(諸如Dynasylan® 6490及Dynasylan® 6498,兩者均可購自Evonik)。使用濃度受穩定化程度及乾燥劑有效性影響,其在總體調配物中之分數較佳為0重量%至5重量%,更佳為0.2重量%至3重量%之分數。此外,除化學乾燥以外或作為其替代,可能使用物理乾燥劑,諸如沸石、分子篩、無水硫酸鈉或無水硫酸鎂。在每一情形下所用之單獨或混合物形式之助黏劑為熟習此項技術者已知之物質,主要為帶有烷氧矽基且另外具有一級或二級胺基、乙烯基、硫醇基、芳基或環氧乙烷(oxyrane)基團之化合物,諸如3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® AMMO(Evonik))、N-(2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® DAMO(Evonik))、3-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® MTMO,Evonik)、3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® GLYEO,Evonik)、縮水甘油氧基丙基-三甲氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® GLYMO,Evonik)、苯基三甲氧基矽烷(Dynasylan® 9165或Dynasylan® 9265,Evonik)或寡聚胺基/烷基-烷氧基矽烷(諸如Dynasylan® 1146(Evonik))。可能使用熟習此項技術者已知之產物或產物組合作為穩定劑,
且包含例如Tinuvin®穩定劑(Ciba),實例為Tinuvin® 1130、Tinuvin® 292或Tinuvin® 400,其亦有利地呈組合形式。其用量受所需穩定化程度影響。另外可能向調配物中混合用以增加機械硬度及減少流動傾向之共交聯劑。該等共交聯劑典型地為能夠提供3個、4個或4個以上可交聯基團之物質。本發明情形下之實例為3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、四甲氧基矽烷或四乙氧基矽烷。
本發明之組成物可能較佳包含其他(通常為單聚)矽烷、帶有羥基之矽氧烷或溶劑作為其他成分。
此處原則上可能使用所有矽烷、較佳具有可水解烷氧基且更尤其帶有胺基或乙烯基之矽烷以及DE 10 2006 054155或WO 2005/003201中所述之彼等矽烷作為其他矽烷。
術語單矽醇形成化合物用於確切帶有一個矽醇基團或能夠藉由與水分反應形成該等化合物之彼等化合物。帶有矽醇基團之化合物之實例包括以下結構:(CH3)3SiOH、(CH3CH2)3SiOH、(CH3CH2CH2)3SiOH、(C6H10)3SiOH、(C6H10)2CH3SiOH、R3Si-O-SiR2-OH(其中R可為烴或者為矽氧烷)、(C6H10)(CH3CH2)2SiOH、(C6H10)2CH3CH2SiOH。
較佳化合物為R3Si-OH類型之彼等化合物,其中R為甲基、乙基、丙基、乙烯基或苯基,甲基尤其較佳。亦可能使用與OH基團反應之所有氯矽烷及氯矽氧烷,諸如(CH3)3SiCl。
能夠與水分形成帶有矽醇之化合物的化合物實例為(N,N-二甲胺基)三乙基矽烷、(N,N-二甲胺基)三甲基矽烷、N,O-雙(三甲基矽基)乙醯胺、N,O-雙(三乙基矽基)乙醯胺、N-(三甲基乙基矽基)-乙醯胺、雙三甲基矽
基脲、六甲基二矽氮烷、1,1,3,3,-四甲基二矽氮烷、三甲基矽基苯氧化物、三甲基矽基烷氧化物(其中烷氧化物源自C1-C10醇之基團)及二甲基矽基二乙基胺,使用六甲基二矽氮烷為尤其有利的。
另外,可能使用式R3Si-O-X之化合物,其中X可代表來自鹵素群之元素,或者代表含有酸性氫原子之烴。該等具有酸性氫原子之烴可來自醇類之群,較佳為甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇及異丁醇,或可源自羧酸,諸如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁二酸、月桂酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、油酸、亞麻油酸、草酸、順丁烯二酸、己二酸、苯甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸及對苯二甲酸,以及該等酸之酸酐,此係因為酸同樣可由該等酸酐加入水分而形成。此外,R可由一級或二級胺組成。此處可提及之實例包括氨、甲基胺、二甲基胺、乙基胺、二乙基胺、丙基胺、二丙基胺、丁基胺及苯基胺。其他可能性為醯胺及酮。
當使用尤其較佳之六甲基二矽氮烷時以及當使用多種其他矽醇形成化合物時,有利地向反應混合物中添加來自羧酸之群之有機酸,此係因為此有機酸顯著增加反應之產率。此處給定之實例包括以下:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁二酸、月桂酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、油酸、亞麻油酸、草酸、順丁烯二酸、己二酸、苯甲酸、鄰苯二甲酸及對苯二甲酸,其中乙酸、丙酸、順丁烯二酸及油酸較佳。當與在此處起催化作用之羧酸一起使用HMDS時,羧酸與HMDS對於欲經封端之OH官能基不發生競爭反應。此處之酸優先與HMDS之氮反應。尤其較佳為油酸,因為在反應條件下其具有低揮發性,幾乎不導致變色且無令人不悅之氣味。另外或或者,亦可能藉由使用氮鹼(諸如三乙基胺、吡啶、胺基吡啶或咪
唑)來催化反應。
作為用於本發明組成物之交聯或聚合或用於其化學固定於粒子表面或宏觀表面之催化劑,可能使用已知之聚胺甲酸乙酯化、脲基甲酸酯化或縮二脲化催化劑(其本身為熟習此項技術者已知)及/或由文獻已知且通常用於烷氧基矽烷水解及縮合之催化劑。該等催化劑包括諸如以下化合物:常用有機錫化合物,諸如二月桂酸二丁基錫、二月桂酸二辛基錫、二乙醯基丙酮酸二丁基錫、二乙酸二丁基錫、二辛酸二丁基錫或二乙醯基丙酮酸二辛基錫。另外,亦可能使用鋅鹽,諸如辛酸鋅、乙醯基丙酮酸鋅及2-乙基己酸鋅,或四烷基銨化合物,諸如N,N,N-三甲基-N-2-羥基丙基氫氧化銨、N,N,N-三甲基-N-2-羥基丙基2-乙基己酸銨或2-乙基己酸膽鹼。較佳使用辛酸鋅(2-乙基己酸鋅)及四烷基銨化合物,更佳為辛酸鋅。此外,亦可能採用鉍催化劑(實例為Borchi®催化劑)、鈦酸鹽(諸如異丙醇鈦(IV))、鐵(III)化合物(諸如乙醯基丙酮酸鐵(III))、鋁化合物(諸如三異丙醇鋁、三-第二丁醇鋁及其他醇鹽以及乙醯基丙酮酸鋁)、鈣化合物(諸如乙二胺四乙酸二鈉鈣或二乙醯基丙酮酸鈣),或胺類,實例為三乙基胺、三丁基胺、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2,2,2]辛烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]十一-7-烯、1,5-二氮雜雙環[4.3.0]壬-5-烯、N,N-雙(N,N-二甲基-2-胺基乙基)甲基胺、N,N-二甲基環己基胺、N,N-二甲基苯基胺、N-乙基嗎啉等。有機或無機布氏酸(Bronsted acid)(諸如乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲烷磺酸、對甲苯磺酸或苯甲醯氯、鹽酸、磷酸及其單酯及/或二酯,諸如磷酸丁酯、磷酸(異)丙酯、磷酸二丁酯等)亦為適合之催化劑。當然,亦可能使用兩種或兩種以上催化劑之組合。
本發明之組成物亦可包含WO 2005/100482中所述種類之所
謂光潛鹼(photolatent base)作為催化劑。光潛鹼較佳意謂具有一或多個鹼性氮原子之有機鹼,其初始為塊狀形式且僅在用UV光、可見光或IR輻射照射之後經分子裂解釋放鹼性形式。WO 2005/100482之說明書及申請專利範圍之內容作為本發明內容之一部分引入本文中。
催化劑及/或光潛鹼係基於反應成分之合計總質量以0.001重量%至5.0重量%、較佳0.01重量%至1.0重量%且更佳0.05重量%至0.9重量%之量使用。催化劑及/或光潛鹼可一次性或分數份或連續添加。較佳一次性添加總量。
本發明之組成物較佳適合黏結及/或密封顆粒狀或片狀基板。另一可能用途係在構造工業或汽車構造中,用於密封及黏結構造元件及組件且用於塗佈多孔或無孔、顆粒狀或片狀基板。作為可固化組成物之基礎,本發明中所用之烷氧基化產物可顯著地用於塗佈及改質表面及纖維。此處引用之其他實例為應用於金屬上,且尤其應用於構造材料(諸如鐵、鋼、不鏽鋼及鑄鐵)、亞鐵材料、鋁、礦物質基板(諸如石頭、刮板、灰泥及混凝土)、陶瓷、玻璃、陶瓷材料(尤其基於固體金屬氧化物或非金屬氧化物或碳化物)、氧化鋁、氧化鎂或氧化鈣以及礦物質基板或有機基板、聚酯、玻璃纖維增強聚酯、聚醯胺、由棉花及聚酯製得之紡織品及織物、及軟木及/或木頭上。該組成物亦可用於黏合、增強及調平不平、多孔或片斷狀基板,諸如礦物質基板、碎片木板及包含木頭或軟木之纖維板面板、複合材料(諸如木頭複合物,諸如MDF(中密度纖維板)面板、WPC(木頭塑膠複合物)物件、碎片木板面板、軟木物件、層壓物件、陶瓷以及天然纖維與合成纖維)。
由於此寬黏著範圍,其亦適合用黏合劑黏結所述基板上之材料組合。在彼情形下,表面是否光滑或粗糙或多孔並不重要。粗糙或多孔表面因與黏合劑接觸面積較大而較佳。
因此,烷氧基化產物例如可用作用於製造黏合劑之基底材料,用作反應性交聯劑,用作助黏劑及底漆以及用作供金屬、玻璃及玻璃纖維/玻璃織物、木頭、木基材料、天然纖維用之黏結劑,用於最後加工及處理包含天然及/或合成以及礦物質原材料以及例如軟木、皮革、紙、紙巾及矽酸鹽與氧化物質之紡織品及非紡織品片狀結構與纖維。
為以例示方式說明本發明,下文給出工作實施例,其表示調配所製造產物之實施例且代表由本發明方法在調配物中可達成之特性範圍。
除非明確特性化,否則與相對分數(以%計之分數)相關之所有數值均表述為重量%。
實施例:
1.通用方法及材料
2.合成實施例:
使用以下含有烷氧矽基之聚醚,且其係根據EP 2093244中所列之方法原則由3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷(GLYEO)與環氧丙烷(PO)之DMC催化烷氧基化作用來製備:
矽基聚醚SP-1:
幾乎無色之聚醚,以聚丙二醇為起始物製備,具有約14 000g/mol之平均莫耳質量Mw且具有四倍之三乙氧基矽烷官能度。
根據單體計量之化學構造:
PPG(2000g/mol)+68mol PO+4mol GLYEO與119mol PO之混合物
矽基聚醚SP-2:
幾乎無色之聚醚,以聚丙二醇為起始物製備,具有約14 000g/mol之平均莫耳質量Mw且具有兩倍之三乙氧基矽烷官能度。
根據單體計量之化學構造:
PPG(2000g/mol)+18mol PO+2mol GLYEO與180mol PO之混合物
實施例程序1:
引入850g矽基聚醚SP-1且加熱至60℃,添加27.0g IPDI。隨後添加0.9g TIB KAT 722。將混合物攪拌45分鐘。此後添加46.6g通式C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]5.3H之聚醚(A)且將反應混合物在80℃下再攪拌三小時。
此產生具有48.9Pa*s黏度之透明無色產物。
實施例程序2:
引入850g矽基聚醚SP-1且加熱至60℃,且添加27.0g IPDI。隨後添加0.07g TIB KAT® 216。將混合物攪拌45分鐘且隨後加熱至70℃。此後添加46.6g通式C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]5.3H之聚醚(A)且將反應混合物在70℃下再攪拌三小時。隨後經30分鐘過程分兩等量份再添加0.02g TIB KAT® 216,繼而在70℃下再攪拌三小時。
此產生具有85Pa*s黏度之透明無色產物。
實施例程序3:
引入850g矽基聚醚SP-1且加熱至70℃,且添加27.0g IPDI。整個反應期間使溫度在約70℃下保持恆定。添加0.9g TIB KAT 722。將混合物攪拌45分鐘。此後添加46.6g通式C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]5.3H之聚醚(A)且將反應混合物再攪拌三小時。
此產生具有58Pa*s黏度之透明無色產物。
根據實施例程序1,在相同條件下進行其他合成,其量展示
於表1中。實施例1至實施例6之所有產物均為透明且無色的。
比較實施例C1:
引入2525g矽基聚醚SP-1且加熱至60℃,且添加35.8g異氰酸正丁酯。隨後添加2.56g TIB KAT 722。將混合物攪拌4小時。此產生具有7Pa*s至9Pa*s黏度之透明無色產物。
比較實施例C2:
引入2555g矽基聚醚SP-2且加熱至65℃,且添加36.2g異氰酸正丁酯。隨後添加2.59g TIB KAT 722。將混合物攪拌4小時。此產生具有9Pa*s至12Pa*s黏度之透明無色產物。
3.組成物:
根據說明處理合成實施例S1至合成實施例S6以及比較實施例C1與比較實施例C2中每一者之兩種樣品以形成製劑ZA與製劑ZB。
製劑ZA:
所有百分比此處均應理解為總調配物之重量份。
組成物:
該等組成物由25.9%之本發明各別前述產物、51.1%之沈澱碳酸鈣、18.1%之鄰苯二.甲酸二異壬酯、0.5%之二氧化鈦、1.1%之Dynasylan VTMO、1.4%之Dynasylan AMMO、0.3%之Irganox、各自0.6%之Tinuvin 292與Tinuvin 1130及0.4%之TIB KAT 223組成。
根據熟習此項技術者已知之方法併入所述調配物之各成分,有必要尤其注意包涵水分且在調配時避免空氣混入。
舉例而言,可描述在混合器(Speedmixer DAC 600 FVZ(Hausschild))中之實驗室規模調配方法。當然,亦可能以試驗規模及製造規模在混合器中調配此組成物。添加次序及混合時間可各自適應技術需求。因此,下文舉例說明之方法僅為製備可固化組成物之一種可能性。
將本發明之產物、沈澱碳酸鈣、鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯及二氧化鈦稱量至適合混合總成之400ml PP燒杯中且使用刮勺大致使其預分散。隨後在Speedmixer中以2300l/min將混合物混合4分鐘。在將材料冷卻至低於55℃之後,添加兩種Dynasylan產物(VTMO及AMMO)且藉由以2300l/min混合1分鐘併入。接著稱量Irganox及兩種Tinuvin產物(1130及292)且以2300l/min混合1分鐘。在可添加催化劑之前,應使材料溫度再次低於55℃,
以確保在實驗室條件下無障礙處理材料。最後添加TIB KAT 223且以2300l/min混合30秒鐘。接著將組成物轉移至歐式筒(euro cartridge)中,且以與筒相配之活塞及以閉鎖密封,且將此填充有組成物之筒在室溫下儲存至少12小時,但不長於3天直至進一步使用。
製劑ZB:
該等組成物由36.8%之根據實施例1之本發明各別前述產物、44.8%之沈澱碳酸鈣、11.0%之鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯、0.4%之二氧化鈦、3.5%之Aerosil R202、1.0%之Dynasylan VTMO、1.7%之Dynasylan 1146、0.5%之Irganox及0.4%之TIB KAT 223組成。
根據熟習此項技術者已知之方法併入所述調配物之各成分,有必要尤其注意包涵水分且在調配時避免空氣混入。
舉例而言,可描述在混合器(Speedmixer DAC 600 FVZ(Hausschild))中之實驗室規模調配方法。當然,亦可能以試驗規模及製造規模在混合器中調配此組成物。添加次序及混合時間可各自適應技術需求。因此,下文舉例說明之方法僅為製備可固化組成物之一種可能性。
將本發明之產物、沈澱碳酸鈣、鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯及二氧化鈦稱量至適合混合總成之400ml PP燒杯中且使用刮勺大致使其預分散。隨後在Speedmixer中以2300l/min將混合物混合4分鐘。在下一步驟中,將Aerosil R202稱量至燒杯中且混合(2分鐘,此階段之混合器速度由800l/min升高至2300l/min)。在將材料冷卻至低於55℃之後,添加兩種Dynasylan產物(VTMO及1146)且藉由以2300l/min混合1分鐘併入。接著稱量Irganox且以2300l/min混合1分鐘。在可添加催化劑之前,應使材料溫度再次低於
55℃,以確保在實驗室條件下無障礙處理材料。最後添加TIB KAT 223且以2300l/min混合30秒鐘。接著將組成物轉移至歐式筒中,且以與筒相配之活塞及以閉鎖密封,且將此填充有組成物之筒在室溫下儲存至少12小時,但不長於3天直至進一步使用。
4.使用實施例
測定固化層:
為確定製劑A與製劑B之完全固化特性,將來自筒之具有至少3cm直徑及高度之2個堆積塗覆至防潮薄片。該等堆積應儘可能具黏著性且具有極光滑表面。理想堆積為圓形堆積,下垂之側翼儘可能陡直。
24小時及7天後,每一情形下之一個堆積與薄片分離,移除仍為糊狀之部分且使用毫米量測計測定固化組成物之層厚度。
表中結果表明所有制劑均在7天後充分固化。
測試拉伸樣本:
將製劑A及製劑B引入具有2mm狹縫尺寸之塗佈棒中且塗覆至聚乙烯薄片。在棒塗層固化之後,在23℃及50%相對濕度下歷時7天後,藉助於切割器及肘節壓機(toggle press)衝壓來自該固化層之符合DIN 53504-S2之拉伸樣本。
在開始測試之前,在考慮有效橫截面積之情況下量測根據DIN 53504-S2製造之每一桿狀拉伸樣本之厚度。使拉伸樣本夾在通用測試機(Schmidt)上之輥夾具中且以200mm/min之拉伸速率進行測試。斷裂應力應理解為拉伸樣本斷裂時之應力(每單位面積上之力)。斷裂伸長率應理解為拉伸樣本斷裂時樣本之延伸(伸長),以原始長度之百分比計。
表3之結果表明本發明組成物可在固化之後用於產生相對於先前技術具有顯著改良的斷裂應力之產物。在此等情形下,視所用本發明化合物及製備之組成物而定,斷裂伸長率可在廣泛範圍內調整。
黏合劑黏結測試:
拉伸剪切黏結件
將製劑A及製劑B自筒直接塗覆至待黏結之類似材料。在每一情形下使用兩個1.4301鋼級別(根據鋼編碼表示)之不鏽鋼基板、ABS聚合物及山毛櫸木基板(所有測試樣本均購自Rocholl)。所有情形下之黏結面積均為500mm2;所有情形下之黏結層厚度均大於0.5mm且小於2.0mm。
在標準條件下(23℃及50%相對濕度)固化之後,使拉伸剪切黏結件夾在通用測試機上之顎夾具中且以10mm/min拉開至破裂。表4列舉黏著性黏結件斷裂時樣品上之應力。
表4之結果表明使用根據本發明之組成物時,黏著性黏結件的斷裂應力至少與比較性組成物之斷裂應力同樣高。
Claims (16)
- 一種包含式(I)之結構要素之烷氧基化產物,MiDjTkQlURuAPv 式(I)其中M、D、T及Q並非彼此連接,而經由基團UR及/或AP彼此連接,且該等基團UR及AP並非彼此連接,i=2至16,j=1至10,k=0至6,l=0至4,j+k係大於或等於2,u=2至17,v=0至6,其中M在每次出現時獨立地為烴基團,其帶有氧基團且具有88g/mol之最小數量莫耳質量,且其可經進一步取代且視情況雜有雜原子,D在每次出現時獨立地為聚醚基團PE,其中t為2,T在每次出現時獨立地為聚醚基團PE,其中t為3,Q在每次出現時獨立地為聚醚基團PE,其中t為4,UR為-U-DC-U-形式之二價基團,其中U為經由氮與DC鍵結之-C(O)-NH基團且DC為二價烴基,PE為式-(DA)t-DX之聚醚殘基,其中t=2至4,且 DX為可含有O、S、Si及/或N作為雜原子之t價官能性、飽和或不飽和直鏈或分支鏈有機烴殘基,且其中DA為式(II)之片段
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之烷氧基化產物,其特徵在於在式(II)中,b=1至500。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項及第2項中任一項之烷氧基化產物,其特徵在於k及1為零。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第2項中任一項之烷氧基化產物,其特徵在於M不具有烷氧矽基及/或烷基矽基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第2項中任一項之烷氧基化產物,其特徵在於M為式(Ia)之基團
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第2項中任一項之烷氧基化產物,其特徵在於基於個別分子,其每個基團UR具有數量平均大於一個烷氧矽基。
- 一種用於製備根據式(I)之烷氧基化產物的方法,其特徵在於在第一反應步驟(a)中使式PE之聚醚與二異氰酸酯反應,且在第二反應步驟(b) 中,使該第一反應步驟(a)之產物與式H-M之分子反應,其中PE及M如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其特徵在於該等二異氰酸酯係以超過該等聚醚PE之莫耳過量使用。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項及第8項中任一項之方法,其特徵在於該等聚醚PE係經選擇以使得在該產物中存在比基團UR多之烷氧矽基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項至第8項中任一項之方法,其特徵在於在該第一反應步驟(a)之後及/或在該第二反應步驟(b)之後,添加至少一種選自催化劑、聚醚PE、二異氰酸酯及/或式H-M之分子的其他成分。
- 一種組成物,其包含根據申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項之烷氧基化產物及/或根據申請專利範圍第7項至第10項中任一項之方法之產物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第11項之組成物,其特徵在於其包含至少一種固化催化劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第11項及第12項中任一項之組成物,其特徵在於該等烷氧基化產物係呈溶液、乳液、分散液或懸浮液之形式。
- 根據申請專利範圍第11項至第12項中任一項之組成物,其包含至少一種選自以下之群之其他佐劑:稀釋劑、催化劑、增塑劑、填充劑、溶劑、乳化劑、助黏劑、流變添加劑、化學乾燥添加劑及/或用於抵抗熱及/或化學曝露及/或紫外線與可見光曝露之穩定劑、搖變劑、阻燃劑、發泡劑或消泡劑、脫氣劑、成膜聚合物、抗菌及防腐物質、抗氧化劑、染料、著 色劑及顏料、防霜劑、殺真菌劑、反應性稀釋劑、錯合劑、濕潤劑、共交聯劑、噴霧助劑、維生素、生長物質、激素、活性藥理學成分、香料、自由基清除劑及/或其他佐劑。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1項至第14項中任一項之烷氧基化產物、方法產物及/或組成物之用途,其係作為或用以製造黏合劑或密封劑或塗佈材料、成形物件、液體糊劑、粉末塗料固化劑、顆粒、織物或複合材料。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項之用途,其係用於密封及/或黏結及/或發泡及/或用於塗佈多孔或無孔、顆粒狀或片狀基板,該等基板係選自涵蓋以下之群:構造元件、組件、金屬及構造材料、鐵、鋼、不鏽鋼及鑄鐵、陶瓷材料(包含固體金屬氧化物或非金屬氧化物或碳化物)、氧化鋁、氧化鎂或氧化鈣以及礦物質基板、有機基板、複合材料、木頭複合物、軟木、碎片木板及由木頭或軟木製得之纖維板面板、MDF面板、WPC物件、軟木物件、層壓物件、陶瓷、天然纖維、合成纖維及/或木頭。
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DE102009029450A1 (de) | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-24 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Neuartige Polysiloxane mit quaternären Ammoniumgruppen und deren Verwendung |
DE102010000993A1 (de) | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-21 | Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH, 45127 | Neuartige Polysiloxane mit quatären Ammoniumgruppen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung in reinigenden und pflegenden Formulierungen |
DE102010001350A1 (de) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH, 45127 | Neuartige lineare Polydimethylsiloxan-Polyether-Copolymere mit Amino- und/oder quaternären Ammoniumgruppen und deren Verwendung |
DE102010001531A1 (de) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH, 45127 | Neuartige organomodifizierte Siloxane mit primären Aminofunktionen, neuartige organomodifizierte Siloxane mit quaternären Ammoniumfunktionen und das Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE102010002178A1 (de) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH, 45127 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Amin-Amid-funktionellen Siloxanen |
DE102010002180A1 (de) | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH, 45127 | Stickstoffhaltige silizium-organische Pfropfmischpolymere |
DE102010029235A1 (de) | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-24 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Hydrophile Polyisocyanate |
DE102010029723A1 (de) | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-08 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischen Siliciumverbindungen |
BR112012033615B1 (pt) * | 2010-06-30 | 2020-11-03 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | método para produzir uma composição compreendendo um polímero terminado em silano reticulável, artigo e película |
DE102010031087A1 (de) | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Neuartige polyestermodifizierte Organopolysiloxane |
DE102010038768A1 (de) | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-02 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Modifizierte Alkoxylierungsprodukte mit mindestens einer nicht-terminalen Alkoxysilylgruppe mit erhöhter Lagerstabilität und erhöhter Dehnbarkeit der unter deren Verwendung hergestellten Polymere |
DE102010039140A1 (de) | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Dispergiermittel und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE102010062156A1 (de) | 2010-10-25 | 2012-04-26 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Polysiloxane mit stickstoffhaltigen Gruppen |
DE102011003150A1 (de) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Silikonpolyetherblock-Copolymere mit hochmolekularen Polyetherresten und deren Verwendung als Stabilisatoren zur Herstellung von Polyurethanschäumen |
DE102011076019A1 (de) | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Alkoxylierungsprodukte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung mittels DMC-Katalysatoren |
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2012
- 2012-03-09 DE DE201210203737 patent/DE102012203737A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-03-08 DK DK13158284.3T patent/DK2636696T3/en active
- 2013-03-08 EP EP13158284.3A patent/EP2636696B1/de active Active
- 2013-03-08 ES ES13158284.3T patent/ES2663409T3/es active Active
- 2013-03-08 KR KR20130024859A patent/KR20130103421A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-03-08 CN CN201310074567.9A patent/CN103304760B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-08 JP JP2013046486A patent/JP2013185157A/ja active Pending
- 2013-03-08 CA CA 2808690 patent/CA2808690A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-03-08 TW TW102108006A patent/TWI568760B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-03-11 US US13/793,356 patent/US9035011B2/en active Active
- 2013-10-16 NO NO13785717A patent/NO2909439T3/no unknown
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2017
- 2017-07-05 JP JP2017131599A patent/JP2017206709A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2415797A1 (de) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-08 | Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH | Modifizierte Alkoxylierungsprodukte, die zumindest eine nicht-terminale Alkoxysilylgruppe aufweisen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2636696A1 (de) | 2013-09-11 |
TW201350516A (zh) | 2013-12-16 |
CA2808690A1 (en) | 2013-09-09 |
EP2636696B1 (de) | 2018-02-07 |
US20130237616A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
JP2013185157A (ja) | 2013-09-19 |
DK2636696T3 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
NO2909439T3 (zh) | 2018-05-05 |
US9035011B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
CN103304760A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
KR20130103421A (ko) | 2013-09-23 |
CN103304760B (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
JP2017206709A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
DE102012203737A1 (de) | 2013-09-12 |
ES2663409T3 (es) | 2018-04-12 |
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