TWI532731B - 新穎噠嗪酮及吡啶酮化合物 - Google Patents
新穎噠嗪酮及吡啶酮化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI532731B TWI532731B TW101107691A TW101107691A TWI532731B TW I532731 B TWI532731 B TW I532731B TW 101107691 A TW101107691 A TW 101107691A TW 101107691 A TW101107691 A TW 101107691A TW I532731 B TWI532731 B TW I532731B
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Classifications
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- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C57/13—Dicarboxylic acids
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- C07D237/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings
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- C07D237/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D237/14—Oxygen atoms
- C07D237/16—Two oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
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- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
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Description
本發明係於藥物化學的領域且有關於噠嗪酮及吡啶酮化合物、其等之藥學上可接受的鹽類、水合物,和溶劑合物,以及其等之作為含銅的胺氧化酶之抑制劑的用途。本發明亦有關於前述化合物之製劑以及有關於包含有前述化合物、其之藥學上可接受的鹽類、水合物,或溶劑合物之一或更多者作為一(多)個活性的成分之藥學組成物。
胺脲敏感性胺氧化酶(SSAO),亦知道為血管黏著蛋白質-1(VAP-1)和由人類AOC3基因所編碼,屬於含銅的胺氧化酶之家族以及為一種具雙重功能之人類內皮細胞黏著分子。一方面,其具有獨特且限制性的表現模式媒介淋巴球的結合至血管的內皮。SSAO/VAP-1的位準在發炎的位址之血管分布為向上調控的,特別地於媒介白血球進入發炎的位址之血管內皮細胞之表面。
另一方面,SSAO/VAP-1展示出單胺氧化酶(MAO)的活性,其係存在於蛋白質之細胞外領域。SSAO/VAP-1與廣泛分佈的粒線體MAO-A和MAO-B黃素蛋白在胺基酸序列、2,4,5-三羥苯丙胺醯基醌(2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanyl quinine)(TPQ)輔因子、生物功能、受質,以及次細胞分佈方面是有區分的。
座落在血管內皮細胞的表面上之SSAO/VAP-1以下面的反應途徑來催化初級脂肪族以及芳族單胺之氧化去胺。
RNH2+O2+H2O → RCHO+H2O2+NH3
胺的酶反應導致對應的醛、H2O2,及氨之形成,其一般而言比其等自身之受質為更多細胞毒性的。SSAO/VAP-1的產物,例如甲醛為主要細胞外的。甲醛對於血管可能的有毒作用可以由於形成SSAO/VAP-1產物的血漿缺乏甲醛去氫酶而被放大。。
人類的SSAO/VAP-1的生理受質還没有清楚地識別,雖然三甲胺和胺丙酮已經顯示為好的SSAO/VAP-1受質。三甲胺為肌酸、肌胺酸,和腎上腺素之降解之各種各樣的人類生化途徑的產物,以及存在於各種各樣的哺乳動物組織和血液內。其亦可以由於飲食的前驅物或食物和香煙煙霧內攝取的之腸細菌降解而由飲食衍生。血液內三甲胺的濃度於某些生理的和病理情況中,例如糖尿病,可以是增加的。
SSAO/VAP-1存在為一種膜結合的和可溶解的形式,其出現於血漿內,以及其之活性顯示出廣泛組織的分佈。酶主要的來源為內皮細胞、平滑肌細胞,以及脂肪細胞。既然SSAO/VAP-1於血管的平滑肌、內皮和血漿內的表現為特別值得注意的,可以宣稱與其相關之細胞毒性的作用於高度血管化的組織,例如腎臟和視網膜。可溶的SSAO/VAP-1之量於第I型糖尿病和第II型糖尿病兩者都是提升的以及由此等受質之氧化胺化所產生的於內皮細胞的局部環境內之增加位準的之有毒的醛和氧自由基可能損害血管的細胞導
致血管的損傷,其可以解釋於此等病人見到的晚期糖尿病的併發症。於有第I型糖尿病或第II型糖尿病之病人已經報告有增加位準的三甲胺及胺丙酮以及已經提出於晚期糖尿病見到之血管病變,例如視網膜病變、神經病變,以及腎病變及動脈粥樣硬化可能用SSAO/VAP-1活性之專一性的抑制劑予以治療。
已經提出白血球黏著至內皮細胞之途徑根據一種新穎的機制直接地牽涉到SSAO/VAP-1活性,該機制涉及與表現於白血球的表面上之SSAO/VAP-1配位基之上所呈現的一種胺受質之直接的交互作用。因而可預期SSAO/VAP-1活性之抑制劑可藉由降低白血球非法交易(trafficking)至發炎的區域之內及因而發炎的過程其自身之而降低發炎區域內之白血球黏著。
此外,於人類臨床的組織樣本內的SSAO/VAP-1的表現係在發炎的位址被誘導。此增加的位準之SSAO/VAP-1可以進一步導致經由氧化去胺途徑之增加產生H2O2。H2O2為一種知道的向上調控其他的黏著分子之發信號分子。此增加的黏著分子表現可以進一步導致提高的白血球非法交易至表現SSAO/VAP-1的區域之內。因此SSAO/VAP酶活性之抑制劑可以供使用作為抗發炎劑。
SSAO/VAP-1為肥胖症之治療的可能標的已經被提出,由於觀察到其之表現在脂肪生成的整個期間係被誘導的。SSAP/VAP-於細胞凋亡中的角色也已經被提出。於健康的人類,SSAO/VAP-1之血漿活性為相當固定的。於數個
病理病況和疾病已經觀察到提高的SSAO/VAP-1位準或是酶之過度表現,包括鬱血性心衰竭、末期腎病、多發性硬化症、皮癬、阿茲海默症(Alzheimer’s disease),以及肌病變和糖尿病,發炎性肝病和肝纖維化。
由於提出SSAO/VAP-1涉及一些發炎的過程和各種各樣的病理學,所以非常需要於預防或治療此等障礙或疾病方面有治療的價值之SSAO/VAP-1之抑制劑。已經識別出數個SSAO/VAP-1之小分子抑制劑,包括肼的衍生物、苯烯丙基肼類(WO2006/094201,WO2005/014530)、肼醇類(hydrazine alcohols)和肼氫茚類(hydrazine indanes)(WO2002/0202090,WO2003/006003,WO2005/08319)、芳基烷基胺胺、丙烯胺與炔丙胺、噁唑啶酮(oxazolidinones)、鹵化烷基胺、1,3,4-噁二(1,3,4-oxadiazines)(WO2002/0202541)、4,5,6,7-四氫咪唑-[4,5-c]吡啶(WO2002/0238153,WO2010/031789)、吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶(WO2010/031791)、咪唑吡啶(WO2010/064020)、噻唑衍生物(WO2004/087138,WO2004/067521,WO2004/067521,WO2006/028269,WO2006/011631)、鹵烯丙胺(WO2009/066152)、具有肟部份之化合物(WO2010/09373),以及WO2005/082343之內所揭示的化合物。
已經揭示包含有噠嗪酮或吡啶酮部份之供藥物用途的化合物,包括吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)類似物和衍生物(WO2010/135470,US2009/0318455,US2010/0190731)以及MEK抑制劑(US2005/0250782)。
從CAPlus-資料庫所知道以及商業來源可得到的為5-苯氧基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基))噠嗪-3(2H)-酮,其屬於本發明的定義。然而,此分子沒有提供用途的領域或識別數據。
本發明的一目的是要提供有用於治療與提高位準的SSAO/VAP-1或是SSAO/VAP-1之過度表現相關的一些發炎的過程和各種各樣的病理學之化合物。本發明的目的係藉由所主張的噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物、其之藥學上可接受的鹽類、水合物,或溶劑合物,以及和且藉由其等作為一藥物之用途來達成。本發明進一步有關於一種藥學組成物,其包含前述化合物、其之藥學上可接受的鹽類、水合物,或溶劑合物之一或更多者作為一個活性成分,以及有關於一種製備前述之噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物之方法。
本發明係根據以下令人驚異的發現,含有本發明中所揭示的一個噠嗪酮或吡啶酮主鏈之一特定群組的化合物展示出SSAO/VAP-1抑制活性且可以使用於治療血管的損傷以及與提高位準的SSAO/VAP-1或SSAO/VAP-1之過度表現相關的發炎的過程和各種各樣的病理學。
本發明提供了式(I)的噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物供使用作為一藥物。
本發明提供了新穎的式(I’)的噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物。
本發明亦提供了包含一或更多個式(I)的噠嗪酮或/及吡啶酮化合物之藥學組成物。
此外,提供了一種用於製備新穎的式(I’)噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物之方法。
於下列,本發明將以較佳的具體例參照附圖予以更詳盡地說明,其中第1圖為顯示出化合物43(灰色行)和BTT-2079(白色行)對於基因轉殖mTIEhVAP1小鼠體內的甲基胺之每日泌尿排泄作用之圖。
本發明係有關於具有通式(I)之噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物,及其等之藥學上可接受的鹽類、水合物,或溶劑合物,
其中X為CH或N;R1為苯基,其選擇性地被R11所取代,其中R11係選自於以下所構成的群組:鹵素、鹵-C1-3-烷基,及C1-6-烷氧基;R2為H或三唑基;
(i)X3為O或S,以及R3係選自於以下所構成的群組:H、C1-6-烷基、C2-6-烯基,及苯基,該苯基係選擇性地以R31來取代一次或更多次,各R31係分別選自於以下所構成的群組:鹵素、鹵-C1-3-烷基及C1-6-烷氧基;或是(ii)X3為NR3’,以及R3和R3’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個5或6員飽和的雜環、-N3,或三唑,該三唑係選擇性地被R32取代,其中R32係選自於以下所構成的群組:苯基、C1-6-烷基,及-CO2(C1-3-烷基);或是R3’為H或C1-3-烷基,以及R3係選自於以下所構成的群組:H;C1-6-烷基;C2-6-烯基;C2-6-炔基;C3-6-環烷基-C1-6-烷基;C1-6-環烷基;氰-C1-6-烷基;胺基-C1-6-烷基;苯甲基;吡啶基;飽和的5或6員雜環,其具有選自於N、O和S之1至2個雜原子,且其中該N係選擇性地被C1-6-烷基取代;R33R33’N-C1-6-伸烷基;和苯基,該苯基係選擇性地以R34來取代1至3次;其中R33和R33’二者均為C1-3-烷基,或是R33和R33’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個飽和的5或6員雜環,其選擇性地含有選自於N、O和S之1個另外的雜原子;各個R34係分別選自於以下所構成的群組:NR35R35’、羥基和C1-6-烷氧基;或是2個相鄰的R34與其等所附著之碳原子一起形成1個5或6員融合的雜環,其含有各分別選自於
N、O和S之1或2個雜原子;其中R35和R35’二者均為H或C1-6-烷基;或是R35和R35’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個5或6員飽和的雜環,其選擇性地進一步含有O、S、N,或NR36為環的成員,其中R36為H、C1-6-烷基或苯甲醯基;R4係選自於以下所構成的群組:-CN;-C(=O)X4R41;苯基,其中該苯基係選擇性地以R42來取代;和1個5或6員未飽和雜環,其具有各分別選自於N、O和S之1至4個雜原子且選擇性地以R43來取代一次或更多次;其中X4為O、S,或NH;以及R41係選自於以下所構成的群組:H、C1-6-烷基、R44R44’N-C1-6-伸烷基,和-NHR45,其中R44和R44’二者均為H或C1-6-烷基;或是R44和R44’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個5或6員飽和的雜環;以及R45為H或亞胺基-C1-6-烷基;或是X4和R41在一起形成-N=CR46R47,其中R46為H或甲基,以及R47為二(C1-3-烷基)胺基;R42係選自於以下所構成的群組:鹵素、鹵-C1-3-烷基及C1-6-烷氧基;各個R43係分別選自於以下所構成的群組:-OH、-SH,和甲基;供使用作為一藥物。
進一步地提供了依據本發明之新穎的式(I’)噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物及其之藥學上可接受的鹽類、水合物,或溶劑合物,
其中X為CH或N;R1為苯基,其選擇性地被R11所取代,其中R11係選自於以下所構成的群組:鹵素、鹵-C1-3-烷基及C1-6-烷氧基;R2為H或三唑基;(i)X3為O或S,以及R3係選自於以下所構成的群組:H、C1-6-烷基、C2-6-烯基,及苯基,該苯基係選擇性地以R31來取代一次或更多次,各R31係分別選自於以下所構成的群組:鹵素、鹵-C1-3-烷基及C1-6-烷氧基;或是(ii)X3為NR3’,以及R3和R3’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個5或6員飽和的雜環、-N3,或三唑,該三唑係選擇性地被R32取代,其中R32係選自於以下所構成的群組:苯基、C1-6-烷基,及-CO2(C1-3-烷基);或是R3’為H或C1-3-烷基,以及R3係選自於以下所構成的群組:H;C1-6-烷基;C2-6-
烯基;C2-6-炔基;C3-6-環烷基-C1-6-烷基;C1-6-環烷基;氰-C1-6-烷基;胺基-C1-6-烷基;苯甲基;吡啶基;飽和的5或6員雜環,其具有選自於N、O和S之1至2個雜原子,且其中該N係選擇性地被C1-6-烷基取代;R33R33’N-C1-6-伸烷基;和苯基,該苯基係選擇性地以R34來取代1至3次;其中R33和R33’二者均為C1-3-烷基,或是R33和R33’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個飽和的5或6員雜環,其選擇性地含有選自於N、O和S之1個另外的雜原子;各個R34係分別選自於以下所構成的群組:NR35R35’、羥基和C1-6-烷氧基;或是2個相鄰的R34與其等所附著之碳原子一起形成1個5或6員融合的雜環,其含有各分別選自於N、O和S之1或2個雜原子;其中R35和R35’二者均為H或C1-6-烷基;或是R35和R35’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個5或6員飽和的雜環,其選擇性地進一步含有O、S、N,或NR36為環的成員,其中R36為H、C1-6-烷基或苯甲醯基;R4係選自於以下所構成的群組:-CN;-C(=O)X4R41;苯基,其中該苯基係選擇性地以R42來取代;和1個5或6員未飽和雜環,其具有各分別選自於N、O和S之1至4個雜原子且選擇性地以R43來取代一次或更多次;其中X4為O、S,或NH;以及R41係選自於以下所構成的群組:H、C1-6-烷基、
R44R44’N-C1-6-伸烷基,和-NHR45,其中R44和R44’二者均為H或C1-6-烷基;或是R44和R44’與其等所附著的氮一起形成1個5或6員飽和的雜環;以及R45為H或亞胺基-C1-6-烷基;或是X4和R41在一起形成-N=CR46R47,其中R46為H或甲基,以及R47為二(C1-3-烷基)胺基;R42係選自於以下所構成的群組:鹵素、鹵-C1-3-烷基及C1-6-烷氧基;各個R43係分別選自於以下所構成的群組:-OH、-SH,和甲基;排除5-苯氧基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基))噠嗪-3(2H)-酮。
較佳的式(I)或(I’)的化合物為X為氮之該等。另一組較佳的式(I)或(I’)的化合物為X為碳之該等。
另外較佳的式(I)或(I’)的化合物為R2為氫之該等。也較佳的式(I)或(I’)的化合物為該等,其中該R1苯基為未經取代的或以R11來取代1或2次,R11係選自於以下所構成的群組:甲氧基、三氟甲基,以及鹵素,該鹵素較佳為o-F、m-F、p-Cl或m-Cl。
較佳的式(I)或(I’)的化合物亦包括X3為O之式(I)的化合物;另外較佳的為該等,其中X3與R3一起形成一個選自於以下所構成的群組之基團:C1-6-烷氧基,例如甲氧基或乙氧基;以及選擇性取代的苯氧基。較佳的R31包括p-甲氧基
和p-Cl。
較佳的式(I)或(I’)的化合物亦包括X3為NR3’的該等;另外較佳的為該等,其中X3與R3一起形成一個選自於以下所構成的群組之基團:N-甲基六氫吡基、吡咯啶基、選擇性取代的1,2,3-三唑基,以及NR3R3’。有利地該1,2,3-三唑基係以R32所取代,R32係選自於以下所構成的群組:苯基、丙基,以及-CO2Me。
另外的較佳式(I)或(I’)的化合物為該等,其中X3為NH且R3係選自於以下所構成的群組:H;C1-6-烷基,例如甲基、乙基,或是異丙基;C3-9-環烷基,例如環己基;選擇性取代的苯基;苯甲基;R33R33’N-C1-6-伸烷基,例如吡咯啶基乙烯基(ethylenyl)或是嗎福啉基乙烯基;以及飽和的雜環,例如吡咯啶或N-甲基哌啶;以R34所取代的苯基,較佳各個R34為分別選自於以下所構成的群組:二甲胺、甲氧基和飽和的6員雜環,例如哌啶基、N-甲基六氫吡基或N-苯甲醯基六氫吡基,或嗎福啉基。另外的較佳式(I)或(I’)的化合物為該等,其中當X3為NR3’時,R3苯基基團為單取代的於對位以R34所取代的,以甲氧基取代1、2或3次或是2個相鄰的R34取代基一起形成1個-O-C1-3-伸烷基-O-橋。
另一個組較佳的式(I)或(I’)化合物為該等,其中R4係選自於以下所構成的群組:1,2,3-三唑基和1,2,4-三唑基。三唑基基團之附著之處較佳於三唑基環的碳原子處。
另外的較佳式(I)或(I’)的化合物為該等,其中X、R1、R2、X3、R3以及R4各分別為實施例之任一者或適當的表內
找到的一者。
尤其佳的式(I)或(I’)的化合物為具式(I-a)-(I-d)的該等
其中X3、R3、R3’、R4、R11、R31、R34,和R43係各自各別如以上所定義的或是R11、R34,或/及R43任擇地為H,以及Het為1個5或6員雜環,其具有各自分別選自於N、O和S之1至4個雜原子,較佳為具有2至3個N雜原子,且選擇性地以R43來取代一次或更多次。
式(I)或(I’)的較佳化合物之特定實例為
2-(4-氯苯基)-5-苯氧基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;5-異丙基胺基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;5-環己基胺基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;4-異丙基胺基-1-苯基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-吡啶-2(1H)-酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(4-甲氧基苯基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(3,4-亞甲二氧基苯基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(4-甲基六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(N,N-二甲胺)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基(chorophenyl))-5-[(N-甲基哌啶-4-基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(4-六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;1-(4-氯苯基)-4-{[4-(4-甲基六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-吡啶-2(1H)-酮;以及其之藥學上可接受的鹽類、水合物,和溶劑合物。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“鹵素”其自身或其他基
團的部份係提及第VIIa族元素以及包括Cl、Br、F或I基團。較佳的鹵素取代基為Cl和F。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“C1-6-烷基或C1-3-烷基”本身或是鹵烷基、環烷基或環烷基基團之部份為一種脂肪族直鏈或支鏈的烴基團,其各別適當地具有1至6個或1至3個碳原子,較佳為1至3個碳原子,於烷基部份且因而C1-3-烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基,以及C1-6-烷基額外包括正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、三級丁基和支鏈與直鏈戊基與己基。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語"伸烷基"為一種二價基團,其係衍生自適當地具有1至6個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈烴。伸烷基之代表性的實例包括,但不限於,-CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-C(CH3)2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH3CH2CH2-、-CH2CH3CH2CH2-,以及-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“C2-6-烯基”為一種未飽和的直鏈或支鏈的烴基團,其於任何2個碳原子之間具有至少1個烯雙鍵,例如乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基,和己烯基。較佳的烯基基團之實例包括,但不限於,具有末端雙鍵之直鏈烯基基團,例如乙烯基和烯丙基基團。
當使用於本文中,術語“C2-6-炔基”為一種未飽和的直鏈或支鏈的烴基團,其於任何2個碳原子之間具有至少1個烯三鍵,例如乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基,和己炔基。較佳的炔基基團之實例包括,但不限於,具有末端三鍵之直鏈炔基基團。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“C3-9-環烷基”係提及具有3至9個碳原子之環烷基基團且因而包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基與環壬基。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“鹵烷基”係提及由一或更多個鹵素,較佳F或Cl所取代之以上的烷基基團之任一者。鹵烷基基團之實例包括,但不限於,氯甲基、氟甲基、三氟甲基與三氯甲基。較佳的鹵烷基為三氟甲基(-CF3)。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“C1-6-烷氧基”係提及一個-O-(C1-6-烷基)基團,其中“C1-6-烷基”具有以上界定的意義。較佳的烷氧基基團之實例包括,但不限於,甲氧基、乙氧基,與異丙氧基。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“三唑”或“三唑基”係提及具有2個碳原子和3個氮原子之未飽和的5員環之一對異構的化合物的任何一個,亦即1,2,3-三唑和1,2,4-三唑以及其之任何互變異構物,舉例而言1H-1,2,4-三唑和4H-1,2,4-三唑。三唑基團可以附著於任何氮原子或碳原子處導致創造安定的結構以及可以於適合用於取代之任何碳原子或氮雜原子處予以額外進一步地取代。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“選擇性取代的”於一苯基基團的場合意思是苯基,其為未經取代的或分別用在任何可得到的原子處所附著之一或更多個,較佳為1個、2個,或是3個,取代基予以取代的來生產一安定的化合物,舉例而言苯基可以用附著至苯基環之o-、p-或m-位置之表示的取代基來取代一次。一般而言“經取代的”係提及1個如本文
所定義的取代基基團,其中除以其他方式表示以外,對其中含有的氫原子之一或更多個鍵係以對非氫原子之一鍵來代替。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“氰基-C1-6-烷基”係提及提及含有氰基(-CN)之C1-6-烷基基團,其中“烷基”具有以上界定的意義。氰基基團可以附著於烷基鏈的任何碳原子處,其導致創造安定的結構,較佳於烷基鏈的末端碳。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“胺基-C1-6-烷基”係提及含有一個初級胺基團(-NH2)之C1-6-烷基基團,其中“烷基”具有以上界定的意義。胺基基團可以附著於烷基鏈的任何碳原子處,其導致創造安定的結構,較佳於烷基鏈的末端碳。有用的烷基胺基基團之實例包括,但不限於,胺基甲基、2-胺基-正乙基,與3-胺基-正丙基。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“吡啶基”係提及含有一個氮原子之6員未飽和的雜環知道為吡啶。吡啶環可以經由任何碳原子來附著。吡啶基基團較佳經由C3或C4來附著。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“5或6員雜環”代表一個安定的5至6員單環系環,其可以為飽和的或未飽和的,除以其他方式表示以外,以及就飽和的雜環系環來說其係由1至4個碳原子,較佳1至2個碳原子所構成,雜原子各自分別選自於N、O和S所構成的群組,其中N當可適用時代表NH或否則可以進一步取代的。雜環系環可以經由雜原子或碳原子而附著導致創造安定的結構,除以其他方式表示以外。雜環系環可以於適合用於取代之任何碳原子或氮雜原
子處予以進一步地取代,其中取代基較佳為羥基、硫醇、苯甲基氧基,或是前述定義的烷基,更佳為甲基。
未飽和的雜環之實例包括吡咯基、呋喃基、與苯硫基(噻吩基)、咪唑基、咪唑啉基(imidazonlinyl)、吡唑基、二氫吡唑基、噁唑基、異噁唑基、二氧五環烷基(dioxolanyl)噻唑基、與異噻唑基、如以上所定義的三唑基、四唑基、與吡啶基,以及區域異構物(regioisomers)、互變異構物以及其等之選擇性取代的衍生物。較佳的飽和的雜環系環之實例包括,但不限於,吡咯啶基、哌啶基、N-甲基哌啶基、六氫吡基、N-甲基六氫吡基與嗎福啉基。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“二(C1-6-烷基)胺基”係提及一個三級胺基團,其中氮原子係連接至2個C1-6-烷基基團,其中“C1-6-烷基”具有以上界定的意義以及該2個烷基可以選擇性地與其等所附著之氮融合在一起來形成1個5至6員飽和的雜環,其具有以上界定的意義。
當使用於本文和下文中,術語“亞胺基-C1-6-烷基”係提及C1-6-烷基基團含有一個初級醛亞胺基團,其中“C1-6-烷基”具有以上界定的意義。該醛亞胺基團可以附著至烷基鏈的任何碳原子處,較佳末端的碳。
當本文中所說明的化合物含有烯雙鍵或其他的幾何不對稱中心時,以及除特別指示以外,其係預期藥包括E和Z幾何異構物兩者。本文內所揭示的化合物之另外一些可以含有一或更多個不對稱的中心以及因而可以產生鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、其他的立體異構形式,以及結晶形式
和非結晶的形式。本發明亦意欲包含外消旋及/或立體異構混合物、解析的形式,以及其等之所有比例的混合物,以及依據熟悉此藝者所知道的方法而分離出來之個別的鏡像異構物及/或非鏡像異構物。本發明進一步地意欲包括本發明的化合物之任何最後的代謝物、前趨藥物,以及互變異構物的形式。
當任何變數於任何結構成分或是於式(I)或(I’)內發生多於一次時,其之定義每次出現不受所有其他的出現時其之定義的支配。再者,取代基及/或變數的組合僅僅在設若此等的組合產生一安定的化合物時為可允許的。
“選擇性的”或是“選擇性地”意指可以發生但不需要發生之隨後說明的事件或情况,以及說明部份包括事件或情况發生的例子及不發生的例子。“包含(Comprises)”或是“包含(comprising)”意思是隨後說明之集合可以包括但不需要包括其他的元素。
以本發明的化合物之藥學上可接受的酸加成鹽類、水合物,或溶劑合物形式之本發明的化合物亦為有用的。較佳的為如本文所定義之式(I)或(I’)的化合物以及其之藥學上可接受的鹽類。措辭“藥學上可接受的”代表為有用於製備一種藥學組成物,其一般而言安全的、無毒的,且既不是生物上不受歡迎的也不是在其他方面不受歡迎的,以及包括於獸醫用途以及人類藥學用途兩者都有用的。
措辭“酸加成鹽類”包括化合物(I)或(I’)可以形成之任何無毒的有機及無機酸加成鹽類。作例證的無機酸,其等
形成適合的鹽類,包括,但不限於,氫氯酸、氫溴酸、硫酸及磷酸。作例證的有機酸,其等形成適合的鹽類,包括,但不限於,醋酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、反丁烯二酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、抗壞血酸、順丁烯二酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、桂皮酸、甲磺酸、柳酸,及類似物。術語“酸加成鹽類”當使用於本文中,亦包含化合物和其等之鹽類能夠形成之溶劑合物,例如,舉例而言,水合物、醇鹽,及類似物。此等鹽類也包括有用於外消旋物的掌性解析之鹽類。
作例證的,但不是限制性的,本發明的化合物(I)或(I’)之實例為呈現於下面的表1內之該等。
本發明的化合物可以藉由熟悉此藝者所知道的方法而製備。舉例而言式(I)或(I’)的化合物可以藉由下面的途徑A-E之一者來製備。
途徑A:式(I)或(I’)的化合物,該處R2為三唑基,可以藉由以下方式來製備:使式(IIa)的化合物
於NaH的存在下與三唑反應。
途徑B:式(I)或(I’)的第二個化合物,其中X、R1,以及X3和R3
係如以上所定義的,R2為H,且R4為選擇性取代的苯基或5至6員雜環,可以藉由以下方式來製備:使式(IIb)的化合物
與式(IIIb)的化合物反應,Het-B(OR’)2 (IIIb)
其中R’為烷基且Het為選擇性取代的苯基或是5至6員雜環。
途徑C:式(I)或(I’)的化合物,其中X為N且R1係如以上所定義的,R2為H,X3為O以及R3為H且R4為-C(=O)X4R41係如以上所定義的,可以藉由以下方式來製備:使式(IV)的化合物,
其中R’為烷基,與式(IIIc)的化合物反應,
其中R1係如以上所定義的且A為陰離子,以及加熱獲得的化合物,以獲得式(I)的第一個化合物,其中X4為O且R41為烷基,且,設若希望,使所獲得的化合物與酸反應,以獲得式(I)或(I’)的第二個化合物,其中X4為O且R41為H,且,設若進一步希望,使第二個化合物與式(V)的化合物反應,
R41-NH2 (V)
其中R41係如以上所定義的,以獲得式(I’)的第三個化合物,其中X4為NH且R41係如以上所定義的,或是任擇地使第二個化合物與式(VI)的化合物反應,R41-X4H (VI)
其中X4為O或S,且R41係如以上所定義的,以獲得式(I)或(I’)的第四個化合物,其中X4為O或S且R41係如以上所定義的。
途徑D:式(I)或(I’)的化合物,其中X、R1、R2,和R4係如以上所定義的以及R3為X3R31、N3或是NR32R33,可以藉由以下方式來製備:使式(IId)的化合物,
其中X、R1、R2,和R4係如以上所定義的,與POCl3反應以及使如此獲得的化合物與NaN3或式(IIId)的化合物反應,R3-X3H (IIId)
其中X3為O或S以及R3係如以上所定義的,以獲得式(I)或(I’)的第一個化合物,其中X3和R3合起來為N3或是X3為O或S以及R3,係分別如以上所定義的,以及,設若希望,使後面的第一個化合物與式(VIId)的化合物反應,其中X3和R3合起來為烷氧基,
R3R3'NH (VIId)
其中當X3為N時R3和R3’係如以上所定義的,以獲得式(I)或(I’)的第二個化合物,其中X3為NR3’。
途徑E:式(I)或(I’)的化合物,其中X為CH且R1係如以上所定義的,R2為H,X3R3為OH以及R4為-C(=O)X4R41如以上所定義的,可以藉由以下方式來製備:使式(IV)的化合物
其中R’為烷基與式(IIIe)的化合物反應,R1-NH2 (IIIe)
其中R1係如以上所定義的,以及用酸處理獲得的化合物,以獲得式(I)或(I’)的第一個化合物,其中X4為O且R41為H,且,設若希望,使第一個化合物與式(VI)的化合物反應,R41-X4H (VI)
其中X4為O或S,且R41係如以上所定義的,以獲得式(I)或(I’)的第二個化合物,其中X4為O或S且R41係如以上所定義的,以及,設若進一步希望,使式(I)的第二個化合物與設若式(V)的化合物反應,其中X4為O且R41為烷基,R41 -NH2 (V)
其中R41係如以上所定義的,以獲得式(I)的第三個化合
物,其中X4為NH且R41係如以上所定義的。
該等反應可以使用熟悉此藝者所熟知的方法而以慣例的方式來進行。
式(I)或(I’)之噠嗪酮及吡啶酮化合物可以使用作為一藥物,較佳於治療或預防發炎、由發炎所引起的疾病,或是造成發炎,或免疫或自體免疫障礙的疾病。本發明的化合物可以尤其使用的SSAO/VAP-1相關的疾病,例如發炎性疾病或病況、有關於碳水化合物新陳代謝的疾病及其之併發症、有關於脂肪細胞的分化或功能之畸變的疾病、血管的疾病以及纖維變性的病況。
發炎性疾病和病況之實例包括,但不限於,結締組織發炎性病況和疾病,例如僵直性脊椎炎、萊特氏症候群(Reiter’s syndrome)、關節炎、類風溼性關節炎、全身性幼年型類風溼性關節炎、骨關節炎、乾癬性關節炎、滑膜炎、血管炎、修格連氏症候群(Sjögren’s syndrome)、貝西氏症候群(Bechcet’s syndrome)、復發性多軟骨炎、全身性紅斑性狼瘡、圓盤狀紅斑狼瘡、全身性硬化症、嗜酸細胞增多性筋膜炎、多發性肌炎、皮肌炎、多發性肌疼痛風濕症、顳動脈炎(temporial arteritis)、結節性多動脈炎、韋格納肉芽腫(Wegener’s granulomatosis),以及混合性結締組織疾病;胃腸的發炎性疾病和病況包括克隆氏病(Crohn’s disease)、潰瘍性大腸炎、發炎性腸道疾病和激躁性大腸症候群(痙攣性結腸)、肝纖維變性的病況、口部的黏膜的發炎(口炎),以及復發的鵝口瘡口炎;中樞神經系统發炎性疾病
和病況,例如多發性硬化症、癲癇症、阿茲海默症、血管型失智症,以及與缺血性中風相關的缺血-再灌注損傷;肺發炎性疾病和病況包括氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺臟疾病以及急性呼吸窘迫症候群和成人呼吸窘迫症候群;皮膚發炎性疾病和病況,例如接觸性皮膚炎、異位性皮膚炎、牛皮癬、玫瑰糠疹、扁平苔癬和毛髮紅糠疹;纖維化的(f[iota]brotic)疾病包括原因不明性肺纖維化、心臟纖維化和全身性硬化症(硬皮症);全身性發炎性反應症候群(敗血症);以及肝的發炎性及/或自體免疫疾病和病況包括自體免疫肝炎、原發性膽道性肝硬化、酒精性肝疾病、硬化性膽管炎,及自體免疫膽管炎。
本發明的化合物亦可以使用來治療有關於碳水化合物新陳代謝的疾病,例如糖尿病,第I型和第II型兩者,及其之併發症包括,但不限於,動脈粥樣硬化、血管性視網膜病變、視網膜病變、腎病、腎症候群、多發性神經病變、單神經病變、自律神經病變、足潰瘍、關節問題,以及增加的感染風險;有關於或是由脂肪細胞的分化或是功能之畸變或是平滑細胞的功能之畸變所引起的疾病,例如動脈粥樣硬化和肥胖症;以及血管的疾病,例如慢性心衰竭、鬱血性心衰竭、粥瘤性動脈粥樣硬化(atheromatous arteriosclerosis)、非粥瘤性動脈粥樣硬化、缺血性心臟病、心肌梗塞、中風、缺血-再灌注損傷、周邊動脈阻塞、血栓閉塞性血管炎(柏格式病(Buerger’s disease)),以及雷諾氏病(Raynaud’s disease)和現象。
纖維變性病況之實例包括,但不限於,易受其感染之肝纖維化和發炎性病況,亦即急性肝炎與慢性肝炎、膽道的疾病和有毒的肝損傷、肺纖維化、腎纖維化、包括起因於糖尿病腎病變、骨髓纖維化、胰臟纖維化、硬皮症、結締組織疾病、結瘢、皮膚纖維化、心臟纖維化、器官移植、血管狹窄、再狹窄、動脈纖維化、關節纖維化、乳房纖維化、肌肉纖維化、腹膜後纖維化、甲狀腺纖維化、淋巴結纖維化、膀胱纖維化、胸膜纖維化和COPD,一種疾病,其中氣道壁由於肌纖維母細胞和膠原蛋白的積累而為纖維變性的,以及類似的所有纖維變性的組織,為收縮的。
當使用於本文中,“治療或預防”包括預防法(prophylaxis),或是預防,以及降低個體落入列舉的障礙或是病況的風險,或是一旦該障礙已經建立該障礙之減輕、改善、消除,或是治癒。
本發明的化合物可以以大約0.1 μg/kg至大約300 mg/kg,較佳介於1.0 μg/kg至10 mg/kg體重之間,之劑量範圍內的有效量來投藥。本發明的化合物可以以單一的每日劑量予以投藥,或是總每日劑量可以以每日2次、3次或是4次之分離的劑量予以投藥。
“有效量”係提及一種化合物的量,其賦予治療的主體治療作用之。治療作用可以為客觀的(亦即可由一些測試或是標誌測量的)或是主觀的(亦即主體給予一指示或是感覺一作用)。此等治療不必然必須完全地改善疾病的病況。再者,此等治療或預防可以結合熟悉此藝者所知之用於降低
該病況之其他傳統的治療來使用。
亦提供了本發明之另外的態樣一種藥學組成物,其包含有效量之本發明的一或更多個式(I)或(I’)的噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物組合以一或更多個藥學上可接受的載劑,亦即一或更多個藥學上可接受的載劑物質(或載體)及/或添加劑(或賦形劑)及/或其他活性的成分。
藥學組成物可以含有本發明的噠嗪酮及/或吡啶酮化合物之一者或更多者。本發明的藥學組成物係投藥至可以體驗本發明的化合物之有利的作用之任何動物。在此等動物之中最前的為人類,雖然本發明不打算如此限制。包含有本發明之一或更多個化合物與一或更多個其他的活性的成分之產物可以使用為在治療期間同時的、分開的或連續的使用之組合的製劑。
本發明的藥學組成物係用會達到其等之預期的目的之任何的方法予以投藥。此等投藥之實例包括,但不限於,腸胃外的、皮下的、靜脈內的、關節內、鞘內、肌肉內的、腹膜內的,和藉由皮內的注射,以及經由經皮的、直腸的、頰的、口黏膜的、鼻的、眼睛的途徑以及經由吸入物和經由植入物。任擇地,或並存地,可以藉由口服的途徑來投藥。特別佳的為口服投藥。投藥的劑量會取決於接受者的病狀之嚴重性,舉例而言以及接受者的年齡、健康、性別、醫藥史及重量,設若有的話,並行的治療種類,治療的頻率,以及所欲的作用之本質。劑量亦可以變化,取決於其要於獸醫的環境投藥至動物或是投藥至人類病人。
除藥理活性化合物之外,化合物的藥學組成物還可以含有適合的藥學上可接受之含有賦形劑與輔助劑的載劑,其促進活性化合物的加工成為藥學上可以使用的製劑。本發明的藥學組成物係以其自身所知道的方式來製造,那就是,舉例而言,用慣例的混合、顆粒化、糖衣錠製造、溶解、冷凍乾燥,或是相似的加工。因此,口服使用的藥學組成物可以藉由以下方式獲得:組合活性化合物與固體賦形劑,選擇性研磨產生的混合物以及設若希望或需要,在添加適合的輔助劑之後,加工顆粒的混合物,來獲得錠劑或是糖衣錠核心。
此等賦形劑為,尤其是,填料,例如醣,舉例而言,乳糖或蔗糖、甘露糖醇或山梨醇、纖維素及/或澱粉的製劑及/或磷酸鈣,舉例而言,磷酸三鈣或磷酸氫鈣,以及黏合劑,例如澱粉及其等的衍生物及/或使用,舉例而言,玉米澱粉、小麥澱粉、米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、明膠、tragachant、甲基纖維素、羥丙甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、及/或聚乙烯氫吡咯酮之糊狀物,衍生物,及/或,設若希望,分解劑,例如前述澱粉且還有羧甲基澱粉、交聯的聚乙烯氫吡咯酮、洋菜,或是海藻酸或其之鹽,例如海藻酸鈉。輔助劑為,最重要的是流量調節劑和潤滑劑,舉例而言,氧化矽、滑石、硬脂酸,或是其等之鹽類,例如硬脂酸鎂或硬脂酸鈣,及/或聚乙二醇。設若希望,糖衣錠核心係提供以抗胃液之適合的塗料。為此目的,可以使用濃縮的醣溶液,其可以選擇性含有阿拉伯膠、滑石、聚乙烯氫吡咯酮、聚
乙二醇,及/或二氧化鈦、漆溶液以及適合的有機溶劑或是溶劑混合物,而且還可以使用利用舉例而言纖維素衍生物、聚乙二醇及/或PVP的衍生物之薄膜塗料。為了生產抗胃液的塗料,適合的纖維素製劑之溶液,例如醋酸纖維素酞酸酯或羥丙基甲基纖維素酞酸酯,係使用於塗料。緩慢的釋放和延長釋放的組成物可以以特定的賦形劑來使用,例如,丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物和丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。染料或是色素可以添加至錠劑或糖衣錠塗料或是塗料例如,用於識別或俾以定特徵活性化合物劑量之不同的組合。
可以口服使用之其他的藥學組成物包括由明膠所製造的推入配合(push-fit)膠囊,以及由明膠和塑化劑,例如,甘油或山梨醇,所製造的軟、密封的膠囊。推入配合膠囊可以含有顆粒形式的活性化合物,其可以混合以填料,例如,乳糖、黏合劑,例如,澱粉,及/或潤滑劑,例如,滑石或硬脂酸鎂以及,選擇性安定劑。於軟膠囊方面,活性化合物較佳溶解或懸浮於適合的液體之內,例如,脂肪油或液態石蠟。此外,可以添加安定劑。
適合用於腸胃外投藥之組成物包括無菌的含水溶劑和非水的溶劑。本發明的化合物亦可以藉由使用懸浮液和乳劑為藥學形式來腸胃外投藥。有用的非水溶劑之實例包括丙二醇、聚乙二醇、蔬菜油、魚油,以及可注射的有機酯。含水載劑之實例包括水、水-醇溶液、乳劑,或懸浮液,包括食鹽水和緩衝的醫學腸胃外的載體包括氯化鈉溶液、林
格右旋糖溶液(Ringer’s dextrose solution)、右旋糖加上氯化鈉溶液、林格溶液含有乳糖,或不揮發油。為改善活性化合物之水的性質來形成水溶液以形成腸胃外的藥學劑量形式之溶解化劑和共之實例為丙二醇、聚乙二醇和環糊精。靜脈內輸液載體之實例包括流體以及營養素補充物、电解質補充物,例如以林格右旋糖及類似物為主的該等。
可注射的製劑,例如溶液、懸浮液,或是乳劑,可以依需要使用適合的分散劑或濕潤劑及懸浮劑根據已知技藝予以配方。當活性化合物為水可溶解的形式時,舉例而言,以水可溶的鹽的形式,無菌的可注射製劑可以使用無毒的腸胃外可接受的稀釋劑或溶劑如,舉例而言,水用於注射。當活性化合物為非水可溶解的形式時,會使用無菌、適當的親脂性溶劑或載體,例如脂肪油,舉例而言,芝麻油,或合成的脂肪酸酯,舉例而言,油酸乙酯、三酸甘油酯或聚乙二醇。任擇地,含水的注射懸浮液可以含有增加黏度的物質,舉例而言,羧甲基纖維素鈉、山梨醇,及/或聚葡萄醣。選擇性地,懸浮液亦可以含有安定劑。
再者,式(I’)的化合物可以使用作為其他的化合物製劑之合成的中間物,尤其是其他的藥學活性的成分,其可由式(I’)的化合物來獲得,舉例而言藉由取代基的導入或官能基的修飾。
VAP-1 SSAO活性係使用實質上如同關於單胺氧化酶
與有關的酶所說明的之耦合比色法來測量(Holt,A.等人,Anal.Biochem.244:384-392(1997))。表現於中國倉鼠卵巢(CHO)細胞之內的重組型人類VAP-1 SSAO係使用作為VAP-1 SSAO的來源用於活性測量。天然的CHO細胞有微不足道的SSAO活性。此等細胞以及其等之培養物先前已經被說明過了(Smith,D.J.等人,J.Exp.Med.188:17-27(1998))。細胞溶解產物係藉由使大概3.6 x 108細胞懸浮於25 ml溶解緩衝液(150 mM NaCl,10 mM Tris-Base pH 7.2,1.5 mM MgCl2,1% NP40)內以及於一旋轉台上孵育於4℃整夜來製備。溶解產物係藉由的在室溫下於18 000 g離心歷時5 min來澄清以及上清液直接使用於分析中。VAP-1 SSAO分析係於96井微量滴定平盤內執行如下。設若需要的話添加預定量的抑制劑至各個井。抑制劑的量於各個分析中變化但是一般而言為介於1 nM和50 μM之間的終濃度。對照沒有抑制劑。抑制劑係以配於水內之20 μl的總體積。繼而添加下面的試劑。0.2 M磷酸鉀緩衝液pH 7.6至200 μl的總反應體積,含有1mM香草酸、500 μM 4-胺安替比林和8 U/ml辣根過氧化酶之50 μl新鮮製造的顯色溶液以及造成每h 0.6 A490的變化之含有VAP-1 SSAO之CHO細胞溶解產物的量。此係落在分析的線性反應範圍之內。平盤係在37℃孵育歷時30 min以及背景吸光度係使用一種Wallac Victor II多重標定計數器於490 nm予以測量。為了起始酶反應,添加20 μl 10 mM苯甲胺(終濃度=1mM)以及平盤係在37℃予以孵育歷時1 h。吸光度的增加,反映VAP-1 SSAO活性,係於490
nm予以測量。抑制係在校正背景吸光度且使用GraphPad Prism計算的IC50值之後與對照的比較而呈現為抑制百分比。
大鼠MAO係由大鼠肝臟藉由沖洗1 g肝的樣本數次於14 ml KCl-EDTA-溶液內來移除所有的血液而製備。繼而1 g肝的樣本係於4 ml冰冷的磷酸鉀緩衝液(0.1 M,pH 7.4)用Ultra-Turrax均質機(設定11 000 rpm,4 x 10s)予以均質化。在4℃於500 g離心歷時10 min之後,小心謹慎地抽回上清液以及在4℃於12 300 g離心歷時15 min。排出上清液且使沈積的粒線體再懸浮於4 ml新鮮的磷酸鹽緩衝液之內以及如先前般離心。粒線體係懸浮於4 ml磷酸鹽緩衝液之內以及用Ultra-Turrax均質機(設定11 000 rpm,2 x 10s)予以均質化。使粒線體薄片成整分部分以及儲存於-70℃。總MAO活性係以相似於VAP-1 SSAO的方式來測量,除了以MAO酶代替SSAO酶之外。設若需要的話添加預定量的抑制劑至各個井。抑制劑的量於各個分析中變化但是一般而言為介於10 nM和800 μM之間的終濃度。對照沒有抑制劑。抑制劑係以配於水內之20 μl的總體積。繼而添加下面的試劑。0.2 M磷酸鉀緩衝液pH 7.6用於200 μl的總反應體積,50 μl新鮮製造的顯色溶液(如以上)以及50 μl的MAO的製劑(或是需要量的MAO)。平盤係在37℃孵育歷時30 min以及背景吸光度係使用一種Wallac Victor II多重標定計數器於490 nm予以測量。為了起始酶反應,添加20 μl的5 mM酪胺(終濃度0.5 mM)
以及平盤係在37℃予以孵育歷時1 h。吸光度的增加,反映MAO活性,係於490 nm予以測量。抑制係在校正背景吸光度且使用GraphPad Prism計算的IC50值之後與對照的比較而呈現為抑制百分比。將0.5 μM之氯吉林(Clorgyline)和巴吉林(pargyline)(分別為MAO-A和-B之抑制劑)添加至一些井作為MAO抑制之正對照。
實施例13至83的化合物抑制VAP-1 SSAO活性的能力係顯示於表2之內,其等具有對於VAP-1 SSAO特異性超過大鼠MAO。結果指示出本發明的化合物為人類VAP-1 SSAO活性之特異性抑制劑。本發明的化合物因而預期於人類黏著分子VAP-1之SSAO活性扮演一角色的疾病和病況之治療方面會具有治療的效用。
所有的動物實驗係於表現人類VAP-1/SSAO之基因轉殖小鼠體內執行。可以製造此等小鼠,舉例來說,使人類AOC3(hAOC3)基因敲入小鼠雜交,其中天然的小鼠AOC3基因功能已經藉由用人類AOC3基因來替換小鼠AOC3基因而被消滅,其係使用藉由同源重組於胚胎幹細胞內之基因定標技術繼而予以注射至胚細胞之內產生嵌合小鼠,同型接合的hAOC3基因轉殖之基因剔除小鼠可以藉由育種和選擇含有hAOC3轉基因(transgene)的小鼠而由嵌合小鼠衍生出,加上帶有所欲的基因型的小鼠以及選擇含有hAOC3基因敲入基因於所欲的背景之後代。
所有的動物實驗係依照倫理行為的標準以及適當的機構動物照顧與使用政策來執行。
執行此研究俾以判定本SSAO抑制劑活體內的活性。為了這個目的,三甲胺,一種天然的SSAO受質,於基因轉殖mTIEhVAP1小鼠的尿內之排泄係予以判定,該基因轉殖mTIEhVAP1小鼠係在小鼠TIE-1啟動子之下表現全長的人類VAP-1於內皮組織之內。mTIEhVAP1小鼠係如同由Stolen等人於Circulation Research 2004;95:50-57之內所說明的方式產生。
基因轉殖小鼠係用本SSAO抑制劑(5 mg/kg i.p.)於研究第1和2天投藥,或是用已知的肼SSAO抑制劑,即(1S,
2R)-2-(1-甲基肼)-1,2-二苯乙醇(BTT-2079),例如由Nurminen等人於J.Med.Chem.2011(付印中)內所揭示的,(5 mg/kg i.p.)於研究第1天投藥。在給藥前(pre-dose)以及在給藥0-24 h、42-48 h和48-72 h的部分之後收集尿。尿的三甲胺係如同在別處(Am.J.Pathology 168(2006)718-726,Analytical Bio-chem 384(2009)20-26以及J.Pharm.Pharmacol.1989,41:97-100)所說明的方式予以測量。所收集的部份之測量的濃度使用來計算各個小鼠的總泌尿的排泄。
化合物43(灰色行)和BTT-2079(白色行)對於三甲胺之每日的泌尿排泄之作用係顯示於第1圖之內。用本文內所揭示之其他的SSAO抑制劑獲得相似的結果。
糖尿病可以造成與進行性的腎纖維化相關之糖尿病腎病變(DN),最後降低功能性腎質量(functioning renal mass)。為了評估SSAO抑制劑對於腎纖維化之作用,使用一種建立良好的用於糖尿病腎臟疾病之Db/db糖尿病的小鼠模型。
糖尿病db/db小鼠和db/m對照的小鼠進一步用人類VAP-1而成為基因轉殖的。可以製造此等小鼠,如以上所說明的而獲得之人類AOC3(hAOC3)基因敲入小鼠,其中天然的小鼠AOC3基因功能已經被消滅,與db/db小鼠雜交以及選擇hAOC3 db/db或是hAOC3 db/m的後代,其含有hAOC3基因敲入基因於db/db或是db/m背景。
此等實驗之所有的態樣(動物的飼養、實驗以及處置)一般而言係依照實驗室動物的照顧與使用指南(National Academy Press,Washington,D.C.,1996)來執行。
一種測試物質係被評估於糖尿病腎病變的小鼠模型內之可能的腎臟保護性作用。測試物質和一載體係在非胰島素依賴型糖尿病完全地建立時每日一次歷時連續的42天腹膜內(IP)投藥至15週的年齡之雄性db/db小鼠(BKS Cg-Lepr db/Lepr db)。Db/m小鼠供使用作為瘦的(lean)正常對照。db/db小鼠與db/m小鼠相比顯示出提升的血漿肌酸酐,意味著受損的腎臟功能,以及高血糖症和異常血脂症(LDL、總膽固醇和三酸甘油酯)。糖尿病的小鼠與肥胖症、多尿症、白蛋白尿以及增加的泌尿的Na+排泄分值(FENa)相關,指示出受損的小管Na+再吸收。內生性肌酸酐廓清率(CCr),腎小球濾過率的一種估計值,傾向為較低的於糖尿病的小鼠vs db/m小鼠。
在存活期結束,執行屍體檢驗,包括收集和保存組織。來自所有的動物之右邊腎臟係於10%中性緩衝的福馬林之內予以固定。將縱向的切片修整且加工用作石蠟塊,以3微米來切片以及用過碘酸希夫(periodic acid Schiff)(PAS)予以染色用於經由光學顯微鏡之評估。膜基質擴張係根據概述於以下的協定之半定量的計分方案來給每個腎臟50個腎小球評分。
來自各個腎臟之50個腎小球係根據下面的系統來評分膜基質擴張。
於正常的動物體內看見不多的腎小球膜基質但是膜基質的擴張是各種各樣的疾病狀態之特徵,例如,糖尿病。膜基質包括基底膜和有關聯的多價陰離子蛋白多醣以及由過碘酸希夫(PAS)法而染色成紅色至紫色之其他的分子。因此,腎小球內PAS陽性物質的量為出現的膜基質的量之測量。
來自各個動物之50個腎小球係以放大率200 X來評估以及使用以上所說明之計分系統來評分擴展的膜基質。平均群組膜基質擴張分數係藉由計算各個動物評估的各個腎小球之評分的總和來計算。群組內之所有的動物之膜基質擴張分數繼而予以計算總和以及除以每組動物的數目來獲得平均群組膜基質擴張分數。
本SSAO抑制劑導致膜基質擴張分數之劑量相關的降低,與未經治療的db/db非胰島素依賴型糖尿病小鼠內之膜基質擴張分數相比較。
如同實施例1中說明所獲得的基因轉殖mTIEhVAP1小鼠係以載體或是測試物質在手術前5天和手術後7天腹膜內給藥。抑制劑和載體係以抑制SSAO之適當的量的每二天予以注射。所有的動物任意給與正常的實驗室食物和水。
年齡6-7週(20-25g體重)的雄性小鼠係在手術前以異氟烷(isoflurane)(2-氯-2-(二氟甲氧基)-1,1,1-三氟-乙烷)吸入以及以0,05-0,1 mg/kg丁丙諾啡(buprenorphine)皮下注射而麻醉。小鼠接受的單側輸尿管阻塞(UUO)手術或是假裝的手術。於UUO手術小鼠方面,左邊的輸尿管用4-0絲的縫線於2處捆紮以及於結紮線之間切開俾以預防逆行性泌尿道的感染。小鼠於手術後7天犧牲。
腎損傷係藉由測量尿白蛋白排泄和肌酸酐廓清率予以生化上的評估,以及進一步藉由馬松三色(Masson trichrome)和過碘酸希夫染色予以組織學上評估。
所有的研究內使用單因子ANOVA和Dunnett’s測試來確定介於處理組和載體組之間的顯著差異。差異以*P<0.05視為顯著的。
可以顯示出腎纖維化之降低,如同藉由與對照相比之評分的統計上顯著的降低來證明的。
內膜和中層肥厚為動脈粥漾硬化損害的發展之早期和不可缺的階段以及再狹窄之不可缺的組分。其伴隨血管壁的內膜和中層(media)內之纖維變性的變化。此研究評估纖維變性疾病中之封阻SSAO的角色,藉由評估一種測試物質(一種小分子SSAO抑制劑)之全身性的遞送(藉由每日的ip注射)對於ApoE3(Leiden)來登小鼠的股動脈內之套囊誘導的(cuff-induced)內膜肥厚(套囊誘導的狹窄)之作用,該小鼠
含有人類AOC3基因而不是天然的小鼠AOC3基因(如以上說明所製造之hAOC3基因敲入小鼠)接受溫和的西式飲食。
方法:40隻雄性hAOC3 ApoE3*來登小鼠(年齡12週)在外科的套囊安置之前吃略微高膽固醇飲食歷時3週。治療為每日ip注射以1)載體;2)以9 mg/l地塞米松(dexamethasone)於飲用水內;3)以10 mg/kg每日ip注射測試物質;4)以30 mg/kg之物質,全部都在手術之前1天開始以及在實驗時期的整個期間持續。在第0天執行手術,亦即將非收縮性套囊(2-3 mm in length)放置於小鼠的兩條股動脈周圍。各組的10隻小鼠在2週之後犧牲用於組織形態學分析來定量加速的動脈粥漾硬化損害以及內膜形成之抑制作用。與NaCl 0.9%處理的對照組相比,於地塞米松處理的正對照組以及兩個測試物質處理組看見了中層和內膜的形成之顯著的降低。此反映在當與對照組相比時,SSAO抑制劑處理組中於HPS染色的血管節段之實例內之增加的內腔大小。血管完整性不受影響。
此等研究顯示出當與對照處理組相比時,全身性的給藥SSAO抑制劑導致ApoE 3來登小鼠套囊模型內之較少的內膜肥厚(內膜纖維化)。
吃甲硫胺酸膽鹼缺乏(MCD)飲食之小鼠發展深的脂肪變性(脂肪肝)伴隨發炎在6-8週以及隨後纖維化。此為NASH(非酒精性脂肪性肝炎)之公認的模型以及因而可以使用來研究一種測試物質對於降低NASH的特徵,例如,肝
的發炎和纖維化(膠原蛋白和結締組織含量),之作用。
含有人類AOC3基因而不是天然的小鼠AOC3基因(一種hAOC3基因敲入小鼠)之C57Bl/6小鼠係藉由用人類AOC3基因來替換小鼠AOC3基因而製造,其使用藉由同源重組於胚胎幹細胞內之基因定標技術,其繼而予以注射至胚細胞之內產生嵌合小鼠,同型接合的hAOC3基因轉殖之基因剔除小鼠可以藉由育種和選擇含有hAOC3轉基因的小鼠而由嵌合小鼠衍生出。
2組4至8隻C57Bl/6 hAOC3小鼠各個吃MCD飲食歷時6週。一組以適當的給藥間隔和經由適當的途徑接受測試物質以及其他的接受只載體。在六週之後,犧牲小鼠以及2組肝臟的膠原蛋白和結締組織含量可以藉由Van Gieson染色以及2組之染色程度的定量來評估和比較。2組之肝的發炎程度可以藉由以H&E染色之肝臟切片染色和顯微鏡計數發炎病灶來評估和比較。於所有的研究使用適當的統計檢定來確定介於經處理組和載體組之間的顯著差異。差異以*P<0.05視為顯著的。
可以顯示出纖維化和發炎之降低,如同藉由與對照相比之評分的統計上顯著的降低來證明的。
小鼠膠原蛋白誘導的關節炎(CIA)為既用於研究自體免疫關節炎之基礎機制以及用於評估可能的抗關節炎劑之效能之頻繁使用的模型。
以14隻小鼠的組來實施研究以獲得統計上有效的結果。DBA/1小鼠進一步地以人類VAP-1製造為基因轉殖的。此等小鼠可以使人類AOC3(hAOC3)基因敲入小鼠,其中天然的小鼠AOC3基因已經以人類AOC3基因代替,與DBA/1小鼠雜交而製造以及選擇hAOC3 DBA/1後代,其含有hAOC3基因敲入基因於DBA/1背景。
為了關節炎誘導hAOC3 DBA/1小鼠(雄性,10-12週的年齡,大概重量25 g,舉例而言US專利案號6,624,202內所揭示的)係用佛恩得(Freund’s)完全佐劑內乳化的牛第II型膠原蛋白(100 μg)藉由4次皮下注射於背部予以免疫。於第21天,動物係用稀釋於PBS內之100 μg第II型膠原蛋白i.p.注射予以補強。此品系為高度地易受牛第II型膠原蛋白誘導之CIA影響的。在第二個免疫作用之後,多發性關節炎於1至2週開始發展,連同第38天大概80%的疾病發生率(Joosten等人,J.Immunol.159:4094-4102.1997)。關節炎發展從第21天向前評分。動物在第二個補強之後,但是在關節炎開始之前(第23天)開始治療歷時2.5週。用本化合物之腹膜內藥物治療(10mg kg-1每日兩次)係起始於第23天以及持續到第37天為止。
偵測到累積的評分之降低(p<0.05在Kruskal-Wallis測試以後藉由Dunn's測試)。
復發-緩解型實驗性的自體免疫腦脊髓炎(EAE)為一般使用的多發性硬化症(MS)模型。其係藉由用完全佛恩得佐
劑(CFA)內之髓磷脂蛋白脂質(myelin proteolipid)蛋白質胜肽139-151(PLP 139-151)之免疫作用而於SJL/J小鼠體內誘導。使SJL/J小鼠進一步以人類VAP-1成為基因轉殖的。此等小鼠可以使人類AOC3(hAOC3)基因敲入小鼠,其中天然的小鼠AOC3基因已經以人類AOC3基因代替,與SJL/J小鼠雜交而製造以及選擇hAOC3 SJL/J後代,其含有hAOC3基因敲入基因於SJL/J背景。
此免疫作用誘導一種細胞媒介的免疫反應,其定標於中樞神經系统(CNS)白質導致10-12天以後發生的癱瘓。大多數的小鼠於疾病起始的發作5-7天之內恢復健康但是繼而進展成發展一或更多個癱瘓之復發。復發被認為是由細胞媒介的免疫對新的髓磷脂胜肽抗原決定區的之活化所引起的,一種過程稱為抗原決定區擴展。此模型有許多與多發性硬化症一樣的特徵包括:(1)髓磷脂胜肽專一性的T-細胞之多株活化,(2)由抗原決定區擴展所媒介的復發-緩解型疾病過程,(3)牽涉到疾病病原性之前發炎性細胞介質,例如,TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2,和IL-17,(4)神經元變性,(5)以及對由銷售的MS疾病修飾劑之抑制的敏感性。
為了誘導EAE,一種乳劑係藉由混合等體積的PLP 139-151胜肽溶液(1.5 mg/ml配於PBS內)與含有2 mg/ml的熱殺死的結核分枝桿菌菌株H37RA(MTB)之完全佛恩得佐劑(CFA)予以製備。完全佛恩得佐劑係藉由使MTB溶解於不完全佛恩得佐劑內以便達到2 mg/ml的濃度來製備。
在MTB和PLP 139-151胜肽的乳劑方面,製備了含有
2.5 ml CFA和2.5 ml的PLP 139-151胜肽溶液之3個5 ml-批量。混合物係使用一種Ultra-Turrax T25分散儀器(IKA-Labortechnik,17 000 rpm)於5 ml-批量內在冰上摻合歷時15-20 min。乳劑係在注射之前吸出至1 ml注射器之內。
使含有人類AOC3基因而不是天然的小鼠AOC3基因之雌性的SJL/J小鼠(一種hAOC3基因敲入小鼠)係在剃其等之後軀體的毛髮之前藉由吸入異氟烷(isofluorane)來麻醉。各個小鼠係在橫過側後部等間隔的4個位址以50 μl的PLP 139-151/CFA乳劑(200 μl總數)予以皮下注射。每日觀察小鼠以及記錄其等之重量。典型地,EAE的第一個臨床症狀在免疫作用之後第10-12天之間變得明顯。大多數的小鼠於疾病起始的發作5-7天之內恢復健康但是繼而進展成發展一或更多個癱瘓之復發。EAE之嚴重性係使用公開的且建立完善的計分制度每天評估歷時40天(Bebo等人,2001,J.Immunol.166(3):2080-2089)。
所有的給藥溶液係於0-15天予以口服或皮下注射投藥。測試的項目之劑量係從5至80 mg/kg以及劑量體積10 ml/kg(口部的)或是20 ml/kg(s.c.)。
腦脊髓炎之臨床的徵狀係藉由本SSAO抑制劑所抑制。評估主要根據失能計分的值以及體重。於適當處,應用由二因子ANOVA與Tukey分析之數據的分析來判定治療的之作用的重要性。
脂多醣(LPS)-誘導的急性肺臟肝的發炎模型以及產生
的支氣管肺泡灌洗術(BAL)細胞計數如同例如說明於Yu等人,2006,Am.J.Pathol.168:718-726之內的係使用來展示本SSAO抑制劑之治療活性。
如同實施例1中所說明的予以製備之mTIEVAP-1基因轉殖小鼠或是含有人類AOC3基因而不是天然的小鼠AOC3基因之小鼠(一種如以上說明所製造的hAOC3基因敲入小鼠)係用鹵神來麻醉。小鼠係以50 μl的LPS(2 μg/動物)用一微吸管經由鼻子來投藥。此劑量為已知道來產生肺泡的空間內最大的嗜中性球積累的劑量。對照的動物只接受載體。小鼠在LPS滴入之後24小時犧牲。BAL係使用隨後的1 ml的食鹽水清洗來獲得。將收回的整分部分離心以及總細胞計數係將再懸浮於磷酸鹽緩衝食鹽水(PBS)之內的組合的整分部分用一種格式血球計予以測量。Diff-Quick染色亦使用於BAL細胞的顯微鏡檢查。BAL流體之最先的無細胞整分部分係使用於生化分析。
SSAO抑制劑於BAL細胞計數之以及於BAL流體內之TNF-α位準顯著地降低LPS-誘導的增加。
下面的實施例闡釋式(I)或(I’)的化合物的製備。
其中R11係如以上所定義的或是H和R31係如以上所定義的或是H。
1-芳基-4-溴1-苯基噠嗪-3,6(1H,2H)-二酮(ii)係由對應的芳基肼和溴順丁烯二酸酐(i)來製備(Meier,K.;Ringier,B.H.;Druey,J.Helv.Chim.Acta 1954,37,523)。溴→芳基氧基交換係藉由使用對應的酚鹽(Balonak,S.;Ostrowicz,A.Polish J.Chem.1990,64,741)來由iii出產iv而完成。iv之6-氯取代基於NaH的存在下用1H-1,2,4-三唑之嘗試交換係經由重排反應發生來供應4-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-取代的衍生物(v)。
其中R11、R31、R42和R43係各別如以上所定義或為H且各個Y分別為CH或N;以及Z為O、S、NH或是NR43。
2-芳基-5,6-二溴噠嗪-3(2H)-酮(vi)係經由ii而由溴順丁烯二酸酐(i)開始來製備(Meier,K.;Ringier,B.H.;Druey,J.Helv.Chim.Acta 1954,37,523)。vi以酚鹽之取代反應區域選擇地發生而導致5-芳基氧基-取代的衍生物(vii)。於vii和
各種各樣的芳基和雜芳基硼酸衍生物之鈴木反應內(Collot,V.;Dallemagne,P.;Bovy,P.R.;Rault S.Tetrahedron 1999,55,6917)獲得6-芳基和6-雜芳基-取代的噠嗪酮(viii-x)。
其中R11係如以上所定義的或為H,Y’為NH或是CH2,Hal為鹵素,m為1或是2,以及R’為烷基且A為任何陰離子。
烷基1-芳基-4-羥基-6-側氧-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(xiii)係於2個步驟內經由xii而由二烷基丙酮二甲酸酯(xi)開始來製備(Schober,B.D.;Megyeri,G.;Kappe,T.J.Hereocyclic Chem.1989,26,169)。xiv之烯醇OH和甲醯胺(carboxylic amide)官能經由xv之慣例的轉換導致疊氮腈xvi。xvi和炔類之點擊(Click)反應導致(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)-取代的噠嗪酮(xvii),而氰基團以各種各樣的1,2-和1,3-二官能的化合物之縮合作用導致位置6帶有1,3-雜環單元之噠嗪酮的衍生物(xviii)。
其中R11係如以上所定義的或為H,R43=R43’係各別如以上所定義的或為H,以及R3、X3、R47、R32和R33係如以上所定義的且各個R’、R”和R'''分別為烷基。
烷基1-芳基4-氯-6-側氧-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(xix)係根據文獻方法(Schober,B.D.;Megyeri,G.;Kappe,T.J.Heterocyclic Chem.1990,27,471)而由xiii獲得。4-氯取代基之取代係藉由分別使用對應的酚鹽(Dajka-Halász,B.等人Tetrahedron 2004,60,2283),或是醇、硫酚、硫醇、胺或是苯胺的衍生物(Marlow,A.L.等人US專利申請案公開號US 2005/0256123;Marlow,A.L.等人PCT國際公開號WO 2007/044084)來完成使成為xx。卡肼xxi和甲醯胺xxii係藉由使用慣例的轉換來製備。xxii和醯胺二烷基縮醛之反應供應醯基脒xxiii,其轉化成對應的1,2,4-三唑的衍生物xxiv與肼(Lin,Y.;Lang,Jr.,S.A.;Lovell,M.F.;Perkin-son,N.A.J.Org.Chem.1979,44,4160)。於xxi與脒的反應中,不是形成經取代的肼(xxvi)就是形成1,2,4-三唑的衍生物(xxiv),取決於反應條件(Fukui,K.;Kakeya,N.;Taguchi,M.U.S.專利4,578,479)。5-苯氧基的衍生物xxiv(R3X=PhO)經歷用各種各樣的胺之便利的取代反應來供應化合物xxv。
其中R11係如以上所定義的或為H和R3,X3和R41係如以上所定義的以及R’為烷基。
xx的酯官能之水解作用提供對應的甲酸衍生物(xxvii),其之去羧作用導致6-未經取代的噠嗪酮(xxviii)。xxvii與各種各樣的胺之偶合提供甲醯胺xxix。
其中R11和R43’=R43係各別如以上所定義的或為H、X3、R3、R3’、R41,和R47係如以上所定義的,以及各個R’、R”,和R'''分別為烷基。
1-芳基-4-羥基-6-側氧-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸(xxxi)之製備係藉由使用應用於對應的氮類似物噠嗪甲酸的合成之反
應條件(Schober,B.D.;Megyeri,G.;Kappe,T.J.Hereocyclic Chem.1989,26,169)而由二烷基3-側氧-2-[(芳基-胺基)亞甲基]戊二酸酯(xxx)(Wolfbeis,O.S.Chem.Ber.1981,114,3471)開始來完成。xxxi之酯化作用導致xxxii。於xxxii往化合物xxxiii-xxxviii之進一步轉換,應用對應的嗒(pyridazine)類似物的製備程序(見方案4)。
步驟A. 6-溴-5-苯氧基-2-苯基噠嗪-3(2H)-酮的製備:5,6-二溴-2-苯基噠嗪-3(2H)-酮(Meier,K.;Ringier,B.H.;Druey,J.Helv.Chim.Acta 1954,37,523)(6.01 g,18.2 mmol)和酚鈉(3.25 g,19.1 mmol)係溶解於乾MeCN(280 mL)之內以及溶液係於室溫下攪拌歷時0.5 h。在蒸發之後,粗製產物係溶解於CHCl3(400 mL)之內,用飽和的NaHCO3溶液(200 mL)來萃取。使有機相乾燥(Na2SO4)以及蒸發。粗製產物係藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(正己烷:EtOAc=4:1)予以純化導致標題化合物(5.05 g,81%)。
步驟B. 5-苯氧基-2-苯基-6-[(3-三氟-甲基)-苯基]噠嗪-3(2H)-酮的製備:將3-(三氟甲基)苯基硼酸(137 mg,0.72 mmol),以及隨後,配於H2O(2.1 mL)之NaHCO3(102 mg,
1.2 mmol)溶液添加至6-溴-5-苯氧基-2-苯基噠嗪-3(2H)-酮(207 mg,0.60 mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(35 mg,0.03 mmol)和除氣的DME(9 mL)之攪拌的混合物。反應混合物係於80℃在Ar氛圍下予以加熱伴隨劇烈攪拌歷時12 h。混合物接而在減壓下予以蒸發以及殘餘物係藉由矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(正己烷:EtOAc=2:1)予以純化來產出如同白色的結晶固體之所欲的化合物(210 mg,86%)。Mp 146-148℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.18(s,1H,H-4),7.15-7.20(m,2H),7.32-7.43(m,2H),7.47-7.53(m,4H),7.60(t,1H,J=7.6 Hz),7.62-7.67(m,2H),7.72(d,1H,J=7.5 Hz),8.11(d,1H,J=8.1 Hz),8.16(s,1H)ppm。
將1-甲基吡唑-4-硼酸嚬哪醇酯(pinacol ester)(150 mg,0.72 mmol),以及隨後,配於H2O(2.1 mL)之NaHCO3(102 mg,1.2 mmol)溶液添加至6-溴-5-苯氧基-2-苯基噠嗪-3(2H)-酮(見實施例2)(207 mg,0.60 mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(35 mg,0.03 mmol)和除氣的DME(9 mL)之攪拌的混合物。反應混合物係於80℃在Ar氛圍下予以加熱伴隨劇烈攪拌歷時12 h。混合物接而在減壓下予以蒸發以及殘餘物係藉由矽
凝膠上之管柱層析術(正己烷:EtOAc=1:1)予以純化來產出如同白色的結晶固體之所欲的化合物(61 mg,29%)。Mp 195-197℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ 3.97(s,3H,CH3),6.10(s,1H,H-4),7.20(d,2H,J=7.6 Hz,C6H5),7.33-7.55(m,6H,2×C6H5),7.64(d,2H,J=7.6 Hz,C6H5),8.03(s,1H,NCH),8.11(s,1H,NCH)ppm。
步驟A. 4-羥基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲醯胺的製備:甲基4-羥基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(Schober,B.D.;Megyeri,G.;Kappe,T.J.Hereocyclic Chem.1989,26,169)(2.00 g,8.1 mmol)係溶解於25%甲醇NH3溶液(25 mL)之內以及將混合物保持於室溫歷時3天。接而形成的固體係予以濾出,用Et2O來清洗以及予以乾燥提供黃白色的固體(1.60 g,85%)。
步驟B. 4-氯-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲腈的製備:將POCl3添加(5 mL)至4-羥基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲醯胺(500 mg,2.16 mmol)以及混合物係於80℃攪拌歷時3 h。接而將混合物傾注至冰冷的水(50 ml)之內以及用EtOAc(2×15 mL)來萃取。使有機相乾燥(Na2SO4)以及蒸
發。殘餘物係藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(正己烷:EtOAc=3:1)予以純化提供白色的固體(190 mg,38%)。
步驟C. 4-疊氮基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲腈的製備:將NaN3(101 mg,1.55 mmol)添加至配於DMF(5 mL)之4-氯-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲腈(120 mg,0.52 mmol)的溶液,以及混合物係於20℃攪拌歷時2 h。接而將混合物傾注至H2O(25 mL)之內以及藉由過濾來收集所形成的沉澱物以提供白色的固體(101 mg,82%)。
步驟D. 6-側氧-1-苯基-4-(4-丙基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲腈的製備:將1-戊炔(86 mg,1.26 mmol)和CuI(50 mg)添加至配於MeCN(5 mL)之4-疊氮基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲腈(300 mg,1.26 mmol)的溶液以及繼而攪拌混合物。在4 h之後,混合物係在真空內予以蒸發以及藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(正己烷:EtOAc=2:1)予以純化提供黃白色的固體(312 mg,81%)。Mp 192-195℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 0.97(t,3H,J=7.2 Hz,CH3),1.67-1.76(m,2H,CH2),2.70-2.78(t,3H,J=7.2 Hz,CH2),7.52-7.64(m,5H,C6H5),7.69(s,1H,H-5),8.67(s,1H,CH-三唑)ppm。
將乙二胺(50 mg,0.84 mmol)和pTsOH(145 mg,0.84 mmol)添加至配於甲苯(10 mL)內的4-疊氮基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲腈(見實施例4)(200 mg,0.84毫莫耳)溶液。混合物係於環境溫度攪拌歷時14 h以及接而在真空內蒸發。殘餘物係藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(正己烷:EtOAc=1:4)予以純化提供黃白色的固體(78 mg,33%)。Mp 238-240℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 3.28-3.36(m,2H,CH2),3.83-3.95(m,2H,CH2),5.76(s,1H,CH),6.89(br s,1H,N-H),7.38-7.43(m,1H,C6H5),7.48-7.53(m,2H,C6H5),7.61-7.67(m,2H,C6H5)ppm。
步驟A. 甲基6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯的製備:甲基4-氯-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(Schober,B.D.;Megyeri,G.;Kappe,T.J.Heterocyclic Chem.1990,27,471)(8.06 g,30.4 mmol)、酚鈉三水合物(5.18 g,30.4 mmol)和DMF(150 mL)的混合物係於室溫攪拌歷時20 h。溶劑係在真空內予以蒸發以及將殘餘物分配於水(200 mL)和EtOAc(200 mL)之間。將有機相分離以及水相用EtOAc來萃取(2×100 mL)。組合的有機萃取物相繼地用冷的3% NaOH(2×100 mL)和用冷水(2×100 mL)來清洗以
及接而予以乾燥(Na2SO4)以及在真空內蒸發。將Et2O(50 mL)添加至固體殘餘物以及濾出米黃色的結晶產物(7.05 g,72%)且用Et2O(50 mL)來清洗。
步驟B. 6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲醯胺的製備:將冷的25%甲醇胺溶液(200 mL)添加至配於MeOH(100 mL)的甲基6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(10.00 g,31 mmol)溶液。混合物係於室溫下攪拌歷時45 min以及接而將氨在真空內於室溫下移除。溶劑接而在真空內於40-50℃蒸發以及使固體殘餘物溶解於EtOAc(50 mL)之內。當將Et2O(150 mL)添加至溶液時,出現米黃色的結晶產物之沉澱。結晶(7.25 g,76%)係予以濾出以及用Et2O(30 mL)來清洗。
步驟C. N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-基)羰基]甲脒的製備:6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲醯胺(1.45 g,4.7 mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲醯胺二甲縮醛(2.50 g,21 mmol)的混合物係於90℃攪拌歷時15 min。接而將混合物冷卻至室溫,添加Et2O(30 mL)以及結晶產物係予以過濾且用Et2O(2×20 mL)來清洗以出產米黃色的結晶(1.44 g,84%)。Mp 175-176℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,(CDCl3)δ 3.22(s,3H,NCH3),3.24(s,3H,NCH3),6.13(s,1H,H-5),7.18-7.24(m,2H,C6H5),7.29-7.36(m,1H,C6H5),7.37-7.43(m,1H,C6H5),7.45-7.52(m,4H,C6H5),7.60-7.66(m,2H,C6H5),8.71(s,1H,N=CH)ppm。
步驟A. N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-基)羰基]乙脒的製備:6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲醯胺(見實施例6)(0.60 g,1.95 mmol)、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺二甲縮醛(1.80 g,13.5 mmol)和甲苯(5 mL)的混合物係於50℃攪拌歷時45 min。接而將混合物冷卻至室溫,添加Et2O(30 mL)以及結晶產物係予以過濾且用Et2O來清洗(2×20 mL)以出產米黃色的結晶(0.58 g,79%)。
步驟B. 5-苯氧基-2-苯基-6-(5-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮的製備:水合肼(82 mg,1.6 mmol)、冰醋酸(2.3 g)和N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-基)羰基]乙脒(557 mg,1.5 mmol)的混合物係於90℃攪拌歷時1.5 h。在混合物冷卻至室溫之後,添加Et2O(20 mL)將沉澱的固體濾出以及用Et2O(2×20 mL)來清洗。粗製產物係由EtOAc和正己烷的混合物予以再結晶來出產如米黃色的結晶之標題化合物(395 mg,77%)。Mp 245-247℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 2.41(s,3H,CH3),5.88(s,1H,H-5),7.26-7.60(m,10H,2×C6H5)ppm。
步驟A. 5-苯氧基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮的製備:水合肼(246 mg,4.9 mmol)、AcOH(6.5 mL)和N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6二氫噠嗪-3-yl)羰基]甲脒(見實施例6)(1628 mg,4.5 mmol)的混合物係於90℃攪拌歷時1.5 h。在使混合物冷卻降至室溫之後,添加Et2O(30 mL)以及沉澱的固體係予以濾出且用Et2O(2×25 mL)來清洗以提供如同米黃色結晶產物之所欲的化合物(1240 mg,83%)。
步驟B. 5-苯甲基胺基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮:5-苯氧基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮(100 mg,0.3 mmol)和苯甲胺(200 mg,1.9 mmol)的混合物係在N2氛圍下於200℃攪拌歷時30 min。多油的混合物係予以冷卻至室溫,以及以Et2O(20 mL)處理予以結晶。固體產物係予以濾出,用Et2O(2×20 ml)來清洗以及溶解於EtOAc(100 mL)之內。溶液係相繼地用5%含水的AcOH(3×30 mL)和水(3×30 mL)來清洗。使有機相乾燥(Na2SO4)以及予以蒸發。粗製產物係由iPr2O和EtOAc的混合物予以再結晶來出產如白色的結晶物質之標題化合物(78 mg,75%)。Mp 192-193℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ 4.54(d,2H,J=5.6 Hz,CH2),5.80(s,1H,H-5),7.28-7.72(m,10H,2×C6H5),8.24(br s,1H)8.86(br s,1H),14.70(br s,1H)ppm。
將5-苯氧基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮(見實施例8)(140 mg,0.42 mmol)、異丙胺(355 mg,6 mmol)和EtOH(4 mL)放置於一個10 mL壓力反應小瓶。混合物係藉由微波輻射於150℃加熱歷時60 min。溶劑係接而予以蒸發去除以及殘餘物係用Et2O(15 mL)處理予以結晶。粗製產物係予以濾出以及由EtOH和Et2O的3:2混合物(10 mL)予以再結晶來出產白色的結晶物質(94 mg,76%)。Mp 203-205℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 1.27(d,6H,J=6.3 Hz,CH3),3.71-3.77(m,1H,CH(CH3)2),5.83(s,1H,H-4),7.37-7.66(m,5H,C6H5),8.32(br s,1H),8.46(br s,1H)ppm。
步驟A. 甲基1-(4-氯苯基)-4-[(4-甲氧基-苯基)胺基]-6-側氧-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯的製備:甲基4-氯-1-(4-氯苯基)-6-側氧-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(Schober,B.D.;Megyeri,G.;Kappe,T.J.Heterocyclic Chem.1990,27,471)(20.00 g,0.067 mol)、對甲氧苯胺(16.66 g,0.135 mol)和EtOH(200 mL)的混合物係回流歷時16 h以及接而冷卻至室溫。沉澱物係予以濾出,用冷EtOH(50 mL)來清洗。粗產物係由EtOH予以再結晶來出產米黃色的結晶(23.5 g,91%)。
步驟B. 1-(4-氯苯基)-4-[(4-甲氧基苯基)胺基]-6-側氧-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-卡肼的製備:甲基1-(4-氯苯基)-4-[(4-甲氧基苯基)胺基]-6-側氧-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(20.0 g,0.052 mol)、水合肼(5.40 g,0.108 mol)和EtOH(200 mL)的混合物係回流歷時16 h以及接而冷卻至室溫。沉澱物係予以濾出,用冷EtOH(30 mL)來清洗以及予以乾燥來出產米黃色的結晶(18.2 g,91%)。
步驟C. 2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(4-甲氧基苯基)-胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮的製備:1-(4-氯-苯基)-4-[(4-甲氧基苯基)胺基]-6-側氧-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-卡肼(10.0 g,0.026 mol)、醋酸甲脒(3.64 g,0.035 mol)和n-PrOH(150 mL)的混合物係回流1 h。溶劑係接而在真空內蒸發以及殘餘物
係藉由於中性的Al2O3上之管柱層析術予以純化,首先使用EtOAc繼而CHCl3和MeOH(4:1)的混合物作為溶析液。要求的部分係予以蒸發以及殘餘物係由THF和MeOH的混合物予以再結晶來出產米黃色的結晶(5.9 g,58%)。Mp 251-252℃,1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 3.80(s,1H,H-Me),5.87(s,1H,H-4),6.95-7.84(m,8H,2×C6H4),8.49(br s,1H,Ar-NH),9.99(br s,1H,1,2,4-三唑-H),14.80(br s,1H,1,2,4-三唑)ppm。
步驟A. 甲基6-側氧-1-苯基-4-苯基磺醯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯的製備:將硫酚(0.55 g,5 mmol)和K2CO3(2.07 g,15 mmol)添加至配於乾DMF(15 mL)內之4-氯-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(Schober,B.D.;Megyeri,G.;Kappe,T.J.Heterocyclic Chem.1990,27,471)(1.32 g,5 mmol)的溶液。混合物係予以攪拌歷時1 h以及接而傾注至冰冷的水(40 mL)之內。沉澱的粗製產物係予以濾出以及由EtOAc和MeOH的混合物予以再結晶來提供淡黄色的結晶物質(1.31 g,78%)。
步驟B. 6-側氧-1-苯基-4-苯基磺醯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-
甲醯胺的製備:甲基6-側氧-1-苯基-4-苯基磺醯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(338 mg,1 mmol)和25%甲醇胺溶液(10 mL)的混合物於一個25-mL壓力反應小瓶內在室溫下攪拌歷時4 h。溶劑予以蒸發去除以及固體殘餘物係由EtOH予以再結晶來出產淡黄色的結晶物質(249 mg,77%)。
步驟C. N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-1-苯基-4-苯基-磺醯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-基)羰基]甲脒的製備:6-側氧-1-苯基-4-苯基磺醯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲醯胺(193 mg,0.6 mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲醯胺二甲縮醛(1 mL)的混合物係於120℃攪拌歷時1h以及接而在真空內蒸發。殘餘物係在用Et2O(10 mL)處理時予以結晶來產出如同白色的結晶物質之所欲的產物(196 mg,88%)。
步驟D. 2-苯基-5-苯基磺醯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮的製備:將N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-1-苯基-4-苯基磺醯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-基)羰基]甲脒(189 mg,0.5 mmol)添加至配於AcOH(1 mL)內之水合肼(30 mg,0.6 mmol)的溶液。反應混合物係於90℃攪拌歷時1 h,以及在真空內予以蒸發。多油的殘餘物係在用Et2O(10mL)處理時予以結晶。固體由EtOH予以再結晶來提供白色的結晶產物(120 mg,70%)。Mp 245-250℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 5.92(s,1H,H-4),7.43-7.70(m,10H,2×C6H5),8,78(s,1H,1,2,4-三唑)ppm。
步驟A. 6-側氧-4-苯基磺醯基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-卡肼的製備:甲基6-側氧-1-苯基-4-苯基磺醯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸酯(見實施例11)(0.51 g,1.5 mmol),EtOH(20 mL)和水合肼(0.15 g,3 mmol)的混合物係回流歷時6 h。產物於冷卻情況下沉澱如白色的結晶物質(0.39g,73%)。
步驟B. N2-亞胺基甲基-6-側氧-4-苯基磺醯基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-卡肼的製備:醋酸甲脒(156 mg,1.5 mmol)、NaOEt(102 mg,1.5 mmol)、EtOH(20 mL)和6-側氧-4-苯基磺醯基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-卡肼(310 mg,1 mmol)的混合物於室溫下攪拌歷時10 h。標題化合物係沉澱如白色的結晶物質(277 mg,76%),其係予以濾出以及用冷EtOH來清洗。Mp 236-238℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 5.84(s,1H,H-6),6.15(s,1H,NH),7.05(s,1H,NH),7.41-7.78(m,11H,2×C6H5,NH)ppm。
6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫噠嗪-3-甲酸(見實施例14)(100 mg,0.65 mmmol)、1-羥苯甲-三唑水合物(90
mg,0.66 mmol)和配於DMF(10 mL)內之2-二甲胺乙胺(45 mg,0.71 mmol)的混合物係於0℃攪拌歷時30 min以及繼而添加N,N’-二異丙碳二亞胺(90 mg,0.71 mmol)。使混合物變熱至室溫以及攪拌歷時額外的20 h。溶劑係在減壓下予以移除以及粗製產物係藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(CHCl3:MeOH=9:1)予以純化。使收集的餾份在減壓下濃縮至乾燥。殘餘物係溶解於EtOH(5 mL)之內以及溶液係用22%乙醇(ethanolic)HCl(1 mL)和Et2O(15 mL)予以處理來產出如同白色的結晶物質之所欲的產物(226 mg,84%)。Mp 138-141℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,D2O)δ 2.99(s,6H,NCH3),3.44(t,2H,J=5.2 Hz,CH2),3.86(t,2H,J=5.8 Hz,CH2),6.35(s,1H,H-4),7.35(d,2H,J=8.0 Hz,C6H5),7.48-7.72(m,8H,2×C6H5)ppm。
步驟A. 4-羥基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸的製備:二甲基3-側氧-2-[(苯基胺基)亞甲基]戊二酸酯(Wolfbeis,O.S.Chem.Ber.1981,114,3471)(10.0 g,36 mmol)係溶解於2 M NaOH(180 mL)之內。溶液係予以過濾以及於冰冷下藉由添加conc.鹽酸而成酸性且伴隨劇烈攪
拌。產物係予以濾出以及用冷水(2×100 mL)來清洗以出產如同米黃色固體之標題化合物(8.10 g,97%)。
步驟B. 甲基4-羥基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸酯的製備:4-羥基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸(8.00 g,34.6 mmol)、MeOH(300 mL)和conc.H2SO4(3 mL)的混合物係回流歷時20 h。溶液係在真空內予以蒸發以及殘餘物係溶解於EtOAc(200 mL)及冰冷的水(50 mL)之內。將有機相分離,用冰冷的水(2×50 mL)來清洗,予以乾燥(Na2SO4)及蒸發。粗製產物由MeOH予以再結晶來出產如米黃色的結晶物質之標題化合物(4.10 g,48%)。
步驟C. 甲基4-氯-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸酯的製備:甲基4-羥基-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸酯(4.00 g,16.3 mmol)和POCl3 12 mL)的混合物係回流歷時3 h。溶液係在真空內予以蒸發以及殘餘物係溶解於EtOAc(200 mL)及冰冷的水(50 mL)之內。將有機相分離,用冰冷的水(2×50 mL)來清洗,予以乾燥(Na2SO4)和蒸發。粗製產物係藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(EtOAc)予以純化來提供如同米黃色固體之所欲的產物(1.18 g,27%)。
步驟D. 甲基6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸酯的製備:甲基4-氯-6-側氧-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸酯(6.10 g,23.1 mmol)、酚鈉三水合物(5.12 g,30.1 mmol)和DMF(50 mL)的混合物係於120℃攪拌歷時4 h。當混合物冷卻至室溫時添加水(250 mL)以及經分離的米黃色固體(3.5 g,47%)係予以濾出且用冷水來清洗(3×50 mL)。
步驟E. 6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺的製備:將25%甲醇胺溶液(100 mL)添加至配於MeOH(40 mL)內之甲基6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲酸酯(4.00 g,12.4 mmol)的溶液,以及使混合物留待靜置於室溫下歷時15 h。溶劑接而予以蒸發以及固體殘餘物係藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(EtOAc)予以純化來提供如同淡米黃色固體之標題化合物產物(3.40 g,89%)。
步驟F. N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-基)羰基]甲脒的製備:6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-甲醯胺(195 mg,0.64 mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲醯胺二甲縮醛(270 mg,2.3 mmol)的混合物係於120℃攪拌歷時90 min。接而使混合物冷卻至室溫以及在真空內予以蒸發。殘餘物係在用Et2O(15 mL)處理時予以結晶。固體產物係予以過濾以及用Et2O(2×10 mL)來清洗以出產如米黃色的結晶之標題化合物(190 mg,82%)。
步驟G. 4-苯氧基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-1-苯基-吡啶-2(1H)-酮的製備:水合肼(29 mg,0.58 mmol)、冰醋酸(1.05 g)和N,N-二甲基-N’-[(6-側氧-4-苯氧基-1-苯基-1,6-二氫吡啶-3-基)羰基]甲脒(190 mg,0.53 mmol)的混合物係於90℃攪拌歷時1.5 h。接而使混合物冷卻至室溫以及在真空內予以蒸發。殘餘物係在用Et2O(15 mL)處理時予以結晶。固體產物係予以濾出以及藉由於矽凝膠上之管柱層析術(EtOAc)予以純化來提供如白色的固體之標題化合物(75 mg,43%)。Mp 275-276℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 5.41
(s,1H,H-3),7.28-7.60(m,10H,2×C6H5),8.20(s,1H,N-CH),8.23(s,1H,N-CH)ppm。
4-苯氧基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-1-苯基吡啶-2(1H)-酮(見實施例16)(100 mg,0.6 mmol)和N-甲基六氫吡(300 mg,3 mmol)的混合物係在150℃於一個10 mL壓力反應小瓶內藉由微波輻射來加熱歷時60 min。使混合物冷卻降至室溫,以及在用Et2O(5 mL)處理時予以結晶。結晶係予以濾出,用Et2O(2×5 mL)來清洗以及溶解於EtOH(10 ml)之內。將一當量量的反丁烯二酸和Et2O(25 mL)添加至溶液。經分離的結晶產物(55 mg,40%)係予以濾出以及用Et2O(2×5 mL)來清洗。Mp 236-239℃,1H NMR(400 MHz,D2O)δ 3.01(s,3H,CH3),3.17-3.33(m,4H,2×NCH2),3.44-3.64(m,4H,2×NCH2),6.26(s,1H,H-3),6.79(s,2H,CH=CH),7.44-7.53(m,2H,C6H5),7.59-7.71(m,3H,C6H5),7.97(s,1H,N-CH),8.57(s,1H,N-CH)ppm。
第1圖為顯示出化合物43(灰色行)和BTT-2079(白色行)對於基因轉殖mTIEhVAP1小鼠體內的甲基胺之每日泌尿排泄作用之圖。
Claims (36)
- 一種通式(I’)之化合物,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中X為N,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中X為CH,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R2為氫,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R1為未經取代的苯基,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中X3為O且與R3一起形成選自於由甲氧基、乙氧基和苯氧基所構成的群組之基團,其中該苯氧基係選擇性地經以R31取代,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中X3為NR3’。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之化合物,其中NR3’與R3一起形成選自於以下所構成的群組之基團:N-甲基六氫吡基、吡咯啶基,和選擇性經取代的1,2,3-三唑基。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之化合物,其中R3’為H,且R3係選自於以下所構成的群組:H、C1-6-烷基、C3-6-環烷基、苯甲基、R33R33’N-C1-6-伸烷基、吡咯啶基和N-甲基哌啶基,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之化合物,其中R3’為H,且R3為選擇性經取代的苯基,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之化合物,其中R34係選自於以下所構成的群組:二甲胺、甲氧基、哌啶基、N-甲基六氫吡基、N-苯甲醯基六氫吡基、及嗎福啉基,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R4為1,2,3-三唑基或1,2,4-三唑基,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物係選自於以下的化合物:2-(4-氯苯基)-5-苯氧基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;5-異丙基胺基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3--基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;5-環己基胺基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;4-異丙基胺基-1-苯基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-吡啶-2(1H)-酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(4-甲氧基苯基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4- 三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(3,4-亞甲二氧基苯基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(4-甲基六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(N,N-二甲基胺基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(N-甲基哌啶-4-基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(4-六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;1-(4-氯苯基)-4-{[4-(4-甲基六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-吡啶-2(1H)-酮;或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 一種藥物,其包含通式(I)之化合物,或是其藥學上可接受的鹽,
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有X為N。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有X為CH。
- 如申請專利範圍第14至16項中任一項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有R2為氫。
- 如申請專利範圍第14至16項中任一項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有R1為未經取代的苯基。
- 如申請專利範圍第14至16項中任一項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有X3為O且與R3一起形成選自於由甲氧基、乙氧基和苯氧基所構成的群組之基團,其中該苯氧基係選擇性地經以R31取代。
- 如申請專利範圍第14至16項中任一項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有X3為NR3’。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之藥物,其中NR3’與R3一起形成選自於以下所構成的群組之基團:N-甲基六氫吡基、吡咯啶基,和選擇性經取代的1,2,3-三唑基。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有R3’為H,且R3係選自於以下所構成的群組:H、C1-6-烷基、C3-6-環烷基、苯甲基、R33R33’N-C1-6-伸烷基、吡咯啶基和N-甲基哌啶基。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有R3’為H,且R3為選擇性經取代的苯基。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有R34係選自於以下所構成的群組:二甲胺、甲氧基、哌啶基、N-甲基六氫吡基、N-苯甲醯基六氫吡基、及嗎福啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第14至16項中任一項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽具有R4為1,2,3-三唑基或1,2,4-三唑基。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之藥物,其中該通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽係選自於以下的化合物:2-(4-氯苯基)-5-苯氧基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;5-異丙基胺基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;5-環己基胺基-2-苯基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)- 3(2H)-噠嗪酮;4-異丙基胺基-1-苯基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-吡啶-2(1H)-酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(4-甲氧基苯基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(3,4-亞甲二氧基苯基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(4-甲基六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(N,N-二甲基胺基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮:2-(4-氯苯基)-5-[(N-甲基哌啶-4-基)胺基]-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;2-(4-氯苯基)-5-{[4-(4-六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-3(2H)-噠嗪酮;1-(4-氯苯基)-4-{[4-(4-甲基六氫吡-1-基)苯基]胺基}-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)-吡啶-2(1H)-酮;或是其藥學上可接受的鹽。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第14至26項之任一項中所定義之通式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽作為活體外測試方法中SSAO/VAP-1的抑制劑之用途。
- 一種藥學組成物,其包含有效量之一或多個如申請專利範圍第14至26項之任一項中所定義之式(I)之化合物,其係與一或多個藥學上可接受的賦形劑及/或與其他的活 性成分組合。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第14至26項之任一項中所定義之式(I)之化合物或是其藥學上可接受的鹽於製造一藥物之用途,該藥物係供用於治療或預防SSAO/VAP-1相關的疾病,其中該疾病為有關於碳水化合物新陳代謝的疾病及其之併發症、有關於脂肪細胞的分化或功能之畸變的疾病、血管的疾病、發炎、由發炎所引起之疾病,或是造成發炎或免疫、自體免疫障礙或纖維變性病況之疾病。
- 如申請專利範圍第29項之用途,其中該疾病係選自於結締組織發炎性病況或疾病、胃腸的發炎性疾病和病況、肝纖維變性的病況、口部的黏膜的發炎(口炎)、復發的鵝口瘡口炎、中樞神經系统發炎性疾病和病況、肺發炎性疾病和病況、皮膚發炎性疾病和病況、纖維化的(f[iota]brotic)疾病、全身性發炎性反應症候群(敗血症)、以及肝的發炎性及/或自體免疫疾病和病況。
- 如申請專利範圍第29項之用途,其中該疾病係選自於糖尿病,第I型和第II型兩者,及其之併發症;動脈粥樣硬化和肥胖症;以及慢性心衰竭、鬱血性心衰竭、粥瘤性動脈粥樣硬化(atheromatous arteriosclerosis)、非粥瘤性動脈粥樣硬化、缺血性心臟病、心肌梗塞、中風、缺血-再灌注損傷、周邊動脈阻塞、血栓閉塞性血管炎(柏格式病(Buerger’s disease)),以及雷諾氏病(Raynaud’s disease)和現象。
- 如申請專利範圍第29項之用途,其中該疾病係選自於肝纖維化、急性肝炎與慢性肝炎、膽道的疾病和有毒的肝損傷、肺纖維化、腎纖維化、骨髓纖維化、胰臟纖維化、硬皮症、結締組織疾病、結瘢、皮膚纖維化、心臟纖維化、器官移植、血管狹窄、再狹窄、動脈纖維化、關節纖維化、乳房纖維化、肌肉纖維化、腹膜後纖維化、甲狀腺纖維化、淋巴結纖維化、膀胱纖維化、胸膜纖維化和COPD。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之式(I’)之化合物的方法,其中X、R1、X3和R3係如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義,R2為H,且R4為選擇性經取代的苯基或是5至6員雜環系環,該方法包含使式(IIb)的化合物
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之式(I’)之化合物的方法,其中X為N且R1係如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義,R2為H,X3R3為OH且R4係如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義之-C(=O)X4R41,該方法包含使式(IV)的化合物,
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項之通式(I’)之化合物的方法,其中X、R1、R2和R4係如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義且X3為S、O或NR3’,以及R3係如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義,或是X3與R3一起形成N3,該方法包含使式(IId)的化合物,
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1至12項中任一項之通式(I’)之化合物的方法,其中X為CH且R1係如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義,R2為H,X3R3為OH且R4係如申請專利範圍第1項中所定義之-C(=O)X4R41,該方法包含使式(IV)的化合物,
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US (3) | US9371290B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2683711B8 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5992458B2 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2012224499B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2832377C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2683711T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2630712T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI20115234A0 (zh) |
HR (1) | HRP20170584T1 (zh) |
LT (1) | LT2683711T (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2683711T3 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI2683711T1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI532731B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012120195A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201307476B (zh) |
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FI20115234A0 (fi) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Biotie Therapies Corp | Uusia pyridatsinoni- ja pyridoniyhdisteitä |
AR092742A1 (es) * | 2012-10-02 | 2015-04-29 | Intermune Inc | Piridinonas antifibroticas |
CA2915163A1 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-18 | Proximagen Limited | New therapeutic uses of enzyme inhibitors |
CA2943363A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Intermune, Inc. | Anti-fibrotic pyridinones |
WO2015189534A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-17 | Proximagen Limited | Vap-1 inhibitors for treating muscular dystrophy |
GB201507048D0 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-06-10 | Proximagen Ltd | Treatment of pain |
JP2019502672A (ja) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-01-31 | ベネボレンタイ ケンブリッジ リミティド | 疼痛の治療のためのvap−1阻害剤 |
WO2017148519A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-08 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Pyridinylmethyl carbamimidoylcarbamate derivatives and their use as aoc3 inhibitors |
WO2023189602A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | 石原産業株式会社 | ピリダジノン系化合物又はその塩及びそれらを含有する有害生物防除剤 |
WO2024040350A1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | The Hospital For Sick Children | Pyridazinone compounds which modulate mutant proteins for treating respiratory diseases |
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JP5627574B2 (ja) | 2008-06-03 | 2014-11-19 | インターミューン, インコーポレイテッド | 炎症性および線維性疾患を治療するための化合物および方法 |
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FI20115234A0 (fi) * | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Biotie Therapies Corp | Uusia pyridatsinoni- ja pyridoniyhdisteitä |
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2011
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2012
- 2012-03-06 WO PCT/FI2012/050220 patent/WO2012120195A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-06 SI SI201230937T patent/SI2683711T1/sl unknown
- 2012-03-06 US US14/003,626 patent/US9371290B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-06 AU AU2012224499A patent/AU2012224499B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-03-06 PL PL12754287T patent/PL2683711T3/pl unknown
- 2012-03-06 LT LTEP12754287.6T patent/LT2683711T/lt unknown
- 2012-03-06 CA CA2832377A patent/CA2832377C/en active Active
- 2012-03-06 ES ES12754287.6T patent/ES2630712T3/es active Active
- 2012-03-06 JP JP2013557146A patent/JP5992458B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-06 EP EP12754287.6A patent/EP2683711B8/en active Active
- 2012-03-06 DK DK12754287.6T patent/DK2683711T3/en active
- 2012-03-07 TW TW101107691A patent/TWI532731B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9815795B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
US10479771B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
CA2832377C (en) | 2020-08-04 |
SI2683711T1 (sl) | 2017-08-31 |
FI20115234A0 (fi) | 2011-03-08 |
EP2683711A4 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
EP2683711B1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
WO2012120195A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
ES2630712T3 (es) | 2017-08-23 |
US9371290B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
CA2832377A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
ZA201307476B (en) | 2014-06-25 |
US20160244414A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
NZ616108A (en) | 2015-08-28 |
JP2014507460A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
AU2012224499B2 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
LT2683711T (lt) | 2017-06-26 |
AU2012224499A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
US20180029995A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
EP2683711B8 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
PL2683711T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
DK2683711T3 (en) | 2017-05-08 |
EP2683711A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
JP5992458B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
US20140024648A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
HRP20170584T1 (hr) | 2017-06-16 |
TW201247642A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
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