TWI529463B - 液晶顯示器及其製造方法 - Google Patents

液晶顯示器及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI529463B
TWI529463B TW099138264A TW99138264A TWI529463B TW I529463 B TWI529463 B TW I529463B TW 099138264 A TW099138264 A TW 099138264A TW 99138264 A TW99138264 A TW 99138264A TW I529463 B TWI529463 B TW I529463B
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liquid crystal
substrate
initiator
alignment
crystal display
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TW201207513A (en
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吳浩吉
金壽楨
禹秀僩
柳在鎮
金慜熙
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三星顯示器有限公司
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Description

液晶顯示器及其製造方法
本發明之例示性實施例係關於一種液晶顯示器及其製造方法。
液晶顯示器作為一種類型之平板顯示器而廣泛使用。液晶顯示器通常具有：兩個顯示面板，場產生電極(諸如像素電極及共同電極)形成於該等顯示面板上；及一液晶層，其插入於該等面板之間。
在液晶顯示器(LCD)中，施加電壓於場產生電極以產生穿過液晶層之電場，且可藉由該電場確定該液晶層之液晶分子的配向。因此，入射光之偏振可藉由通過該液晶層來控制，從而顯示影像。
在該等LCD中，已開發垂直配向模式LCD，當不施加電場時，其配向液晶分子之主軸垂直於顯示面板。
亦已開發一種在不存在電場下使液晶分子預傾斜的方法以改良液晶層之響應速度，同時在垂直配向(VA)模式LCD中實現寬視角。
本節中所揭示之資訊係用於增強對本發明背景之瞭解且可能含有不屬於[先前技術]的資訊。
本發明之例示性實施例提供一種液晶顯示器及一種可藉由減小後像效應而增加顯示器影像可靠性之液晶顯示器製造方法。
本發明之例示性實施例亦提供一種具有一配向層之液晶顯示器，該配向層包括反應性液晶原(reactive mesogen)硬化速度經改良之引發劑。
本發明之例示性實施例進一步提供一種液晶顯示器，製造其之製程時間縮短且其後像減少，從而改良液晶顯示器可靠性。
本發明之其他特徵將在以下描述中闡述，且其在某種程度上根據該描述將為顯而易見的，或可藉由本發明之實踐而得以瞭解。
本發明之一例示性實施例揭示一種液晶顯示器，其包括一第一基板；一面向該第一基板之第二基板；一安置於該第一基板及該第二基板中之至少一者上之場產生電極；一安置於該場產生電極上之配向層；及一插入於該第一基板與該第二基板之間且包含液晶及配向聚合物之液晶層。該配向層最初包含含引發劑之配向材料，且該配向聚合物最初包含配向輔助物。
本發明之一例示性實施例亦揭示一種製造液晶顯示器之方法，其包括在第一基板及面向該第一基板之第二基板中之至少一者上形成一場產生電極；在該場產生電極上形成一包含引發劑之配向層；將一包含液晶及配向輔助物之液晶層安置於該第一基板與該第二基板之間；施加第一電壓於該第一基板且施加第二電壓於該第二基板，該第一電壓與該第二電壓彼此不同；以及用光照射該配向層及該液晶層以形成配向聚合物。
應瞭解上述一般描述與以下[實施方式]為例示性及說明性的且意欲提供對所主張之本發明的進一步說明。
附圖(包括其以提供對本發明之進一步瞭解且將其併入本說明書中且構成本說明書之一部分)說明本發明之實施例，並與描述內容一起用以說明本發明之原則。
下文中，參考展示本發明實施例之附圖，更充分地描述本發明。然而，本發明可以多種不同形式體現且不應視作侷限於本文中所述之實施例。實際上，提供此等實施例以使得本發明透徹且將向熟習此項技術者充分傳達本發明之範疇。在該等圖式中，層及區域之尺寸及相對尺寸為清楚起見可放大。圖式中相同參考數字表示相同元件。
應瞭解當一元件或層稱為「位於」另一元件或層「上」、「連接至」或「耦接至」另一元件或層時，其可直接位於另一元件或層上、直接連接至另一元件或層、直接耦接至另一元件或層，或可存在介入元件或層。相比之下，當一元件稱為「直接位於」另一元件或層「上」、「直接連接至」或「直接耦接至」另一元件或層時，不存在介入元件或層。
圖1及圖2展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例藉由配向輔助物使液晶形成預傾斜之方法。
參照圖1，液晶層包括配向輔助物50及液晶分子310，該液晶層係位於像素電極191與共同電極270之間。
可藉由塗佈配向材料形成之配向層11與21分別位於該像素電極191與該共同電極270上。根據本發明之一例示性實施例，配向層11及21包括引發劑。配向層11及21可由諸如聚醯胺酸、聚矽氧烷或聚醯亞胺之材料形成。
當未施加電壓時，液晶分子310以垂直於該像素電極191及該共同電極270之方向排列。本文中，向該像素電極191及該共同電極270施加以電壓。
藉由施加電壓，液晶分子310及配向輔助物50以平行於下文所述之像素電極191微小分支之長度方向的方向傾斜。
當施加電壓於像素電極191及共同電極270以於其間產生電場時，照射光1。光1可具有可使配向輔助物50聚合之波長，例如紫外線波長。
在經由光1照射使配向輔助物50聚合的過程中，配向層11及21中所包括之引發劑加速配向輔助物50聚合。
根據本發明之一例示性實施例引發劑係混合於配向層11及21中且形成於該像素電極191及該共同電極270上，從而協助配向輔助物50在配向層11及21之表面上聚合。
由於配向輔助物50主要在配向層11及21之表面上產生聚合，所以若配向層11及21中包括引發劑，則在配向輔助物50聚合後，引發劑可能不殘留於液晶層中。該方法可藉由減小後像效應而改良顯示器可靠性。
配向層11及21中所包括之引發劑亦可用於加速配向輔助物50之光聚合，且在光照射後引發劑含量可減少，其中在配向層11及21內部偵測出少量引發劑。
現已描述根據本發明之一例示性實施例用於液晶顯示器及液晶顯示器製造方法中之引發劑。在下文中，配向輔助物50可表示為反應性液晶原(RM)。
圖3為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例反應性液晶原減少之相對量對應於照射至液晶顯示器之光量的圖表。
下文所示之表1列舉反應性液晶原之減少量。
比較實例對應於不包括引發劑，且例示性實施例1包括如下引發劑，其包括由式1表示之化合物。例示性實施例2包括如下引發劑，其包括由式2表示之化合物。
參照圖3及表1，當在比較實例中光照射大於30 J時，反應性液晶原幾乎完全消耗。當在例示性實施例1中光照射大於20 J時，反應性液晶原幾乎完全消耗。當在例示性實施例2中光照射大於10 J時，反應性液晶原幾乎完全消耗。
因此，如例示性實施例1及例示性實施例2中，當將引發劑添加至配向層中且光能大於10 J時，剩餘反應性液晶原之含量可大幅減少。當光照射大於20 J時，反應性液晶原含量可減少至可偵測極限以下。
根據本發明之一例示性實施例引發劑可包括由下式3、式4、式5、式6、式7、式8、式9、式10、式11及式12表示之化合物。
圖4為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例反應性液晶原減少之量對應於液晶顯示器之引發劑及光照射之量的圖表。
下文所示之表2列舉反應性液晶原隨引發劑含量及光照射量之減少量。
比較實例對應於不包括引發劑，且例示性實施例1包括由式1表示之引發劑。例示性實施例2包括由式2表示之引發劑。資料係對於例示性實施例1之引發劑含量為0.2 wt%且例示性實施例2之引發劑含量為0.1 wt%及0.2 wt%而言。
參照圖4及表2，當在比較實例中光照射量大於50 J時，所有例示性實施例之反應性液晶原幾乎完全消耗。當在對應於0.2 wt%引發劑之例示性實施例1中光照射量為40 J時，反應性液晶原幾乎完全消耗。對於例示性實施例2而言，研究對應於0.1 wt%及0.2 wt%之引發劑含量的兩種引發劑濃度。
當對於含0.1 wt%引發劑之例示性實施例2光照射量為40 J時，反應性液晶原幾乎完全消耗。當在含0.2 wt%引發劑之例示性實施例2中光照射量為30 J時，反應性液晶原幾乎完全消耗。
在0.1 wt%引發劑的情況下，反應性液晶原之消耗率快於不包括引發劑時之消耗率，且在0.2 wt%引發劑下，消耗率甚至更大。
圖5為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例反應性液晶原(RM)之剩餘量對應於液晶顯示器中所添加引發劑之量的圖表。
參照圖5，反應性液晶原剩餘量之結果係展示為隨配向層中所添加引發劑之量而變。當引發劑之量自0.1 wt%增加至0.2 wt%時，反應性液晶原之剩餘量顯著減少。當引發劑增至0.5 wt%時，剩餘反應性液晶原幾乎無可偵測信號，亦即剩餘量幾乎為偵測極限或處於背景雜訊內。因此，根據本發明之一例示性實施例引發劑含量較佳處於0.2 wt%至0.5 wt%之範圍內。
表3及表4展示在光照射後藉由電子探針微分析儀(EPMA)測定之配向層中剩餘組分之元素組成的實驗資料。實驗實例中之引發劑為由式2表示之化合物，且作為分析物，在配向層中未偵測出磷(P)。資料展示引發劑含量在引發劑用於加速反應性液晶原聚合之後減少且在光照射後於配向層中幾乎未偵測到。因此，引發劑殘留於配向層中作為雜質之可能性較低。
圖6為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例熱重量損失隨液晶顯示器中之引發劑而變的圖表。
參照圖6，引發劑1為Darocur 1173(CIBA Company)；引發劑2為Irgacure 184；引發劑3為Irgacure 500；引發劑4為Irgacure 2959；引發劑5為Darocur MBF；且引發劑6為Irgacure 754。
使用熱重量分析儀量測引發劑熱重量損失之結果指示引發劑6在各種溫度下熱重量損失最低。因此，當需要高溫製程時，可添加引發劑6至配向層中。
接著，參照圖1、圖2、圖7、圖8、圖9及圖10描述根據本發明之一例示性實施例之液晶顯示器及液晶顯示器製造方法。
圖7為根據本發明之一例示性實施例液晶顯示器之佈局圖，且圖8為沿圖7中之線III-III'截取的橫截面視圖。圖9為根據本發明之一例示性實施例像素電極的平面圖，且圖10為根據本發明之一例示性實施例液晶顯示器之電極的平面圖。
參照圖7及圖8，展示一薄膜電晶體陣列面板100及一共同電極面板200。
下部面板100之製造方法如下。
在基板110上使複數個薄膜依次沈積及圖案化，形成一包括閘電極124a及124b之閘極線121(參考數字124包括參考數字124a及124b)、一閘極絕緣層140、半導體154a及154b、包括源電極173a及173b之資料線171a及171b、汲電極175a及175b、及一下部鈍化層180p。可在與閘極線121相同之層上形成儲存電極線131、135。儲存電極線131、135包括一實質上平行於閘極線121延伸之幹線(stem line)131及一遠離該幹線131延伸之儲存電極135。
歐姆接觸層163b及165b可分別安置於該半導體154b與該源電極173b之間或安置於該半導體154b與該汲電極175b之間。接著，在該下部鈍化層180p上形成一彩色濾光片230，且在該彩色濾光片230上形成一防止漏光之遮光部件220。在該遮光部件220及該彩色濾光片230上形成一上部鈍化層180q。
如圖9及圖10中所示，將諸如氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO)之導電層於該上部鈍化層180q上沈積及圖案化，形成一像素電極191，該像素電極191包括一縱向部分192、一橫向部分193及複數個自其延伸之微小分支194a、194b、194c及194d。接著，將包括引發劑之配向材料塗佈於該像素電極191上形成該配向層11。
上部面板200如下製造。
在該基板210上形成一共同電極270。隨後，將包括引發劑之配向材料塗佈於該共同電極270上形成該配向層21。
接著，組裝經由上述方法製造之下部面板100與上部面板200，且藉由將液晶分子310與配向輔助物之混合物注入該下部面板100與該上部面板200之間來形成一液晶層3。
或者，可藉由將液晶分子310與配向輔助物之混合物滴於該下部面板100或該上部面板200上之方法來形成該液晶層3。
接著，參照圖1及圖2，對該像素電極191及該共同電極270施加電壓。
藉由施加電壓，液晶分子310及配向輔助物50以平行於該像素電極191之微小分支194a、194b、194c及194d之長度方向的方向傾斜。
在向該像素電極191及該共同電極270施加電壓時，照射光1。該光1具有可使配向輔助物50聚合之波長，例如紫外線波長。
參照圖8，在光照射後，聚集於該配向層21中鄰近位置上之配向輔助物50進行光聚合，從而形成配向聚合物50a。
此處，根據本發明之一例示性實施例引發劑在該配向層21中為混合物，且該引發劑加速該配向層21表面附近之配向輔助物50聚合。
該配向聚合物50a按照液晶之配向排列，且在移除所施加之電壓後仍保持該排列，從而控制該液晶310之預傾斜。
可介於上部面板200與下部面板100之間形成間隔物363以維持該上部面板200與該下部面板100之間的間距。
如上所述，根據本發明之一例示性實施例，配向層包括引發劑使得反應性液晶原之硬化速率可得以改良且其加工時間可縮短，且可經由少量光照射使剩餘液晶原量較少，從而可將對有機層之損傷降至最低。
對熟習此項技術者而言顯而易見的是，可在不偏離本發明之精神或範疇下，在本發明中進行各種修改及變化。因此，本發明意欲涵蓋對本發明之修改及變化，限制條件為其在隨附申請專利範圍及其等效物之範疇內。
1．．．光
3．．．液晶層
11．．．配向層
21．．．配向層
50．．．配向輔助物
50a．．．配向聚合物
100．．．薄膜電晶體陣列面板
110．．．基板
121．．．閘極線
124a．．．閘電極
124b．．．閘電極
131．．．儲存電極線
135．．．儲存電極線
140．．．閘極絕緣層
154a．．．半導體
154b．．．半導體
163b．．．歐姆接觸層
165b．．．歐姆接觸層
171a．．．資料線
171b．．．資料線
173a．．．源電極
173b．．．源電極
175a．．．汲電極
175b．．．汲電極
180p．．．下部鈍化層
180q．．．上部鈍化層
191．．．像素電極
192．．．縱向部分
193．．．橫向部分
194a．．．微小分支
194b．．．微小分支
194c．．．微小分支
194d．．．微小分支
200．．．共同電極面板
210．．．基板
220．．．遮光部件
230．．．彩色濾光片
270．．．共同電極
310．．．液晶分子
363．．．間隔物
圖1及圖2展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例藉由配向輔助物使液晶形成預傾斜的方法。
圖3為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例反應性液晶原減少之相對量對應於照射至液晶顯示器之光量的圖表。
圖4為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例反應性液晶原減少之量對應於液晶顯示器之引發劑及光照射之量的圖表。
圖5為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例反應性液晶原之剩餘量對應於液晶顯示器中所添加引發劑之量的圖表。
圖6為展示根據本發明之一例示性實施例熱重量損失隨液晶顯示器中之引發劑而變的圖表。
圖7為根據本發明之一例示性實施例液晶顯示器的佈局圖。
圖8為沿圖7中之線III-III'截取的橫截面視圖。
圖9為根據本發明之一例示性實施例像素電極之平面圖。
圖10為根據本發明之一例示性實施例液晶顯示器之電極的平面圖。
(無元件符號說明)

Claims (10)

  1. 一種液晶顯示器，其包含：一第一基板；一面向該第一基板之第二基板；一安置於該第一基板及該第二基板中之至少一者上之場產生電極；一安置於該場產生電極上之配向層；及一插入於該第一基板與該第二基板之間且包含液晶及配向聚合物之液晶層，其中該配向層最初包含含引發劑之配向材料，且該配向聚合物最初包含配向輔助物。
  2. 如請求項1之液晶顯示器，其中該引發劑包含由下式1、式2、式3及式4表示之化合物中之至少一員及其混合物：
  3. 如請求項2之液晶顯示器，其中該配向材料中之該引發劑在0.2 wt%至0.5 wt%之範圍內。
  4. 如請求項3之液晶顯示器，其中該配向材料包含聚醯胺酸、聚醯亞胺及聚矽氧烷中之一者。
  5. 如請求項1之液晶顯示器，其中該第一基板包含一薄膜電晶體陣列面板，該第二基板包含一共同電極面板，且將一彩色濾光片及一黑色基質中之至少一者安置於該薄膜電晶體陣列面板上。
  6. 如請求項5之液晶顯示器，其中該場產生電極包含複數個微小分支。
  7. 如請求項6之液晶顯示器，其進一步包含：一安置於該第一基板上之閘極線；一安置於該第一基板上之第一資料線；一安置於該第一基板上之第二資料線；一連接至該閘極線及該第一資料線之第一薄膜電晶體；及一連接至該閘極線及該第二資料線之第二薄膜電晶體，其中該場產生電極進一步包含一連接至該第一薄膜電晶體之第一子像素電極及一連接至該第二薄膜電晶體之第二子像素電極。
  8. 一種製造一液晶顯示器之方法，其包含：在一第一基板及一面向該第一基板之第二基板中之至少一者上形成一場產生電極；在該場產生電極上形成一包含引發劑之配向層；將一包含液晶及配向輔助物之液晶層安置於該第一基板與該第二基板之間；施加一第一電壓於該第一基板且施加一第二電壓於該第二基板，該第一電壓與該第二電壓彼此不同；及向該配向層及該液晶層照射光，形成配向聚合物。
  9. 如請求項8之方法，其中該引發劑包含由下式1、式2、式3及式4表示之化合物中之至少一員及其混合物：
  10. 如請求項9之方法，其中該引發劑在0.2 wt%至0.5 wt%之範圍內。
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TW201207513A (en) 2012-02-16
JP2011227453A (ja) 2011-11-10
CN102236210B (zh) 2016-01-13
US8304039B2 (en) 2012-11-06
US20110261278A1 (en) 2011-10-27
KR101665529B1 (ko) 2016-10-13

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