TWI497216B - 雙重圖案化之方法與材料 - Google Patents
雙重圖案化之方法與材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI497216B TWI497216B TW099122874A TW99122874A TWI497216B TW I497216 B TWI497216 B TW I497216B TW 099122874 A TW099122874 A TW 099122874A TW 99122874 A TW99122874 A TW 99122874A TW I497216 B TWI497216 B TW I497216B
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- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/312—Organic layers, e.g. photoresist
- H01L21/3121—Layers comprising organo-silicon compounds
- H01L21/3122—Layers comprising organo-silicon compounds layers comprising polysiloxane compounds
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0002—Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
- C09D183/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0752—Silicon-containing compounds in non photosensitive layers or as additives, e.g. for dry lithography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/36—Imagewise removal not covered by groups G03F7/30 - G03F7/34, e.g. using gas streams, using plasma
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
- G03F7/405—Treatment with inorganic or organometallic reagents after imagewise removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02126—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02205—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
- H01L21/02208—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
- H01L21/02214—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen
- H01L21/02216—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/033—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
- H01L21/0334—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/0337—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Description
在微電子產業中,對一給定晶片尺寸之增加電路之要求已驅向較小的半節距節點,以便加快處理速度且改良晶片效率。微影蝕刻技術係減小結構特徵尺寸之關鍵。焦點深度及解析度取決於微影蝕刻裝置之數值孔徑及光波長。
雙重圖案化係光刻技術發展用來增進特徵密度的一類技術。對於半導體產業,雙重圖案化可係使用目前可用的193 nm浸入平板印刷工具用於32 nm及22 nm半節距節點之唯一平板印刷技術。有四種可用於雙重圖案化的常用方案:(1)雙重暴露;(2)自對準間隔掩膜;(3)不均勻掩膜;及(4)即刻圖案累積。此等方案中,自對準間隔掩膜可能係最有前景的技術,然而,其製程十分精密且涉及許多複雜步驟。一般首先將一間隔材料形成於一預圖案化特徵之側壁上(其係藉由旋塗或沈積製程施加),接著蝕刻以除去水平表面上的所有薄膜材料,僅留下該等側壁。除去初始圖案化特徵之後,僅留下該間隔物。因為每行有兩個間隔物,所以行密度加倍。
為使含矽材料適用於雙重圖案化,其必須滿足若干標準。首先,其必須存於一無法溶解光阻劑的溶劑(諸如有機醇或醚)中。另外,其必須能夠藉由多種固化方法固化,以允許形成可藉由不同蝕刻方法(諸如CF4
及O2
)蝕刻之選擇組合物。已發現某些倍半矽氧烷樹脂滿足此等標準。
本發明係關於包括一倍半矽氧烷樹脂之塗層組合物在於一基板(一般為一電子器件)上產生圖案之用途。在此方法中,以其上具有一圖案化光阻層之一基板開始。將該塗層組合物施加於圖案化光阻劑之上且在圖案表面固化以在圖案表面上產生一固化的倍半矽氧烷樹脂。接著除去未經固化的倍半矽氧烷樹脂層,而在圖案表面上留下固化的倍半矽氧烷樹脂。除去水平表面上的固化倍半矽氧烷樹脂以暴露下層的光阻劑。除去此光阻劑而留下固化倍半矽氧烷之一圖案。視情況,可將新圖案轉移至下方層中。
本文揭示一種在一基板上形成一圖案之方法,其中該方法包括:
(I)將一塗層組合物施加於含有一活化劑之一第一圖案化材料上,該活化劑係選自熱酸產生劑、光酸產生劑或胺交聯劑,其中該塗層組合物包括:
(i)一倍半矽氧烷樹脂,其包括以下單元:
(HSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)m
(RSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)n
(R1
SiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)p
(R2
SiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)q
其中R'係氫原子或具有1至4個碳原子之烴基;R係光固化基團,其選自含有環氧官能性之基團(諸如3-縮水甘油氧基丙基或2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)-乙基)及含有丙烯醯氧基官能性之基團(諸如甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基、丙烯醯氧基丙基及乙烯基醚基);R1
係一親水性有機基團,其選自(但不限於)聚乙二醇基團、磺酸酯基團、磷酸酯基團;R2
係任何有機輔助基團,包含甲基、苯基;x具有0、1或2之值;其中在該樹脂中,m具有0.10至0.95之值,n具有0.05至0.7之值;p具有0.05至0.5之值;q具有0至0.5之值;且m+n+p+q1;及
(II)將該塗層組合物暴露於一固化機制,以在該第一圖案化材料之表面上產生一固化塗層;
(III)除去任何未經固化的塗層組合物;
(IV)自任何水平表面除去固化塗層,而在該第一圖案材料之側壁上產生固化塗層;
(V)除去該第一圖案材料,藉此在該基板上產生一第二圖案,其中該第二圖案包括該固化塗層組合物。
該等倍半矽氧烷樹脂包括以下單元:
(HSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)m
(RSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)n
(R1
SiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)p
(R2
SiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)q
其中R'係氫原子或具有1至4個碳原子之烴基;R係一光固化基團,其選自含有環氧官能性之基團(諸如3-縮水甘油氧基丙基或2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)-乙基)及含有丙烯醯氧基官能性之基團(諸如甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基、丙烯醯氧基丙基及乙烯基醚基);R1
係一親水性有機基團,其選自(但不限於)聚乙二醇基、磺酸酯基、磷酸酯基;R2
係任何有機輔助基團,其包含甲基、苯基;x具有0、1或2之值;其中在該樹脂中,m具有0.10至0.95之值,n具有0.05至0.7之值;p具有0.05至0.5之值;q具有0至0.5之值;且m+n+p+q1。一般m具有0.2至0.90之值,或者0.3至0.85之值。一般n具有0.05至0.50之值,或者0.1至0.3之值。一般p具有0.05至0.30之值,或者0.1至0.20之值。一般q具有0至0.25之值,或者0.01至0.20之值。
R'係獨立地為氫原子或具有1至4個碳原子之烴基。R'可由氫、甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基及第三丁基例示。R'一般係氫或甲基。
R係一光固化有機基團。該光固化有機基團可例如為(但不限於)含有環氧官能性之基團、含有丙烯醯氧基官能性之基團或乙烯基醚基。含有環氧官能性之基團可由式-R2
OCH2
CH(O)CH2
表示,其中R2
係具有1至4個碳原子之烴基或聚醚基或-CH2
CH2
-(C6
H9
(O))。含有環氧官能性之基團可由3-縮水甘油氧基丙基或2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)例示。含有丙烯醯氧基官能性之基團可由式CH2
=C(R3
)COOR4
-表示,其中R3
係氫原子或甲基且R4
係具有1至4個碳原子之烴基或聚醚基。含有丙烯醯氧基官能性之基團可例如為(但不限於)甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基或丙烯醯氧基丙基。乙烯基醚基可由-O-CH=CH2
表示。
R1
係一親水基團。親水基團可例如為(但不限於)聚乙二醇基、磺酸酯基、磷酸酯基。
本文有用的樹脂實例可由以下各者例示(但不限於其等):
(HSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)0.5-0.9
(RSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)0.1-0.35
(R1
SiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)0.01-0.2
,其中R係乙基-環己烯氧化物(CHEp)且R1
係聚環氧乙烷(PEO)且R'係H或烷基;或
(HSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)0.5-0.9
(RSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)0.1-0.35
(R1
SiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)0.01-0.2
,其中R係甲基丙烯酸酯基(MA)且R1
係PEO且R'係H或烷基。
可藉由此項技術中已知的任何方法產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂。舉例而言,可藉由適當矽烷之水解及/或縮合產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂。藉由此方法,由於不完全水解或縮合,而使剩餘的-OH及/或-OR'可能殘留在該倍半矽氧烷樹脂中。若在倍半矽氧烷樹脂中含有-OR'基的單元之總量超過70莫耳%,則該樹脂可能會出現膠凝化及不穩定。取決於合成途徑,該倍半矽氧烷樹脂一般含有6至60莫耳%含有-OR'基的單元。
另一用於產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂之方法係藉由在矽氫化反應觸媒之存在下使氫化倍半矽氧烷(HSQ)與含有C=C官能性之R基團反應;另一用於產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂之方法係藉由在矽氫化反應觸媒之存在下使(HSiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)m
(R2
SiO(3-x)/2
(OR')x
)n
與含有C=C官能性之R基團及含有C=C官能性之R1
基團反應;其中m'具有0.30至1.0之值;且R2
係如上文描述。
該倍半矽氧烷樹脂具有在500至200,000範圍內(或者500至100,000範圍內,或者700至30,0000範圍內)之重量平均值分子量(Mw),其係如由使用RI偵測及聚苯乙烯標準之凝膠滲透層析法所測定。
一般在溶劑之存在下產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂。產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂時可使用不含會參與水解及/或縮合反應之除醇之外之官能基之任何適宜有機溶劑或聚矽氧溶劑。該溶劑通常係以基於溶劑及矽烷反應物之總重量之40至98重量百分比(或者70至90重量百分比)之量使用。該反應可以一雙相或單相系統形式進行。
有用的有機溶劑可由以下各者例示(但不限於其等):飽和脂族化合物,諸如正戊烷、己烷、正庚烷及異辛烷;環脂族化合物,諸如環戊烷及環己烷;芳族化合物,諸如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯;醚,諸如四氫呋喃、二氧雜環己烷、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚;酮,諸如甲基異丁基酮(MIBK)及環己酮;經鹵素取代之烷烴,諸如三氯乙烷;鹵化芳族化合物,諸如溴苯及氯苯;酯,諸如丙二醇單甲醚醋酸酯(PGMEA)、異丁酸異丁酯及丙酸丙酯;醇,諸如甲醇、乙醇及異丙醇。有用的聚矽氧溶劑可以下列各者為例(但不限於其等):環狀矽氧烷,諸如八甲基環四矽氧烷及十甲基環五矽氧烷。可使用單一溶劑或可使用溶劑之混合物。
可在任何溫度下進行產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂之反應,只要其不會造成該倍半矽氧烷樹脂明顯膠凝化或固化即可。一般在5℃至150℃範圍內之一溫度下進行該反應,建議在15℃至110℃下。
形成該倍半矽氧烷樹脂之時間取決於多種因素,諸如溫度、反應物之種類及量及觸媒之量。反應時間一般係從若干分鐘至若干小時。熟習此項技術者將能夠容易決定完成反應所需的時間。可用以促進反應之酸觸媒包含(但不限於)硝酸、硫酸、磺酸、鹽酸、醋酸及其它酸。可用以促進反應之鹼觸媒尤其包含(但不限於)氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化銫、氫氧化四甲銨、三乙胺。
反應完成之後,可視情況除去觸媒。用於除去觸媒之方法為本技術所熟知且包含中和、汽提或水洗或其等之組合。大量觸媒會負面影響聚矽氧樹脂之儲存壽命,特別當在溶液中時,因此建議除去觸媒。
在製造該倍半矽氧烷樹脂之過程中,於反應完成後,可在減壓下自該倍半矽氧烷樹脂溶液除去揮發物。此等揮發物包含醇副產物、過量水、觸媒、鹽酸(氯矽烷途徑)及溶劑。用於除去揮發物之方法為本技術所熟知且包含蒸餾(舉例而言)。
在產生該倍半矽氧烷樹脂之反應後,可執行許多可選擇的步驟以獲得期望形式或期望濃度的倍半矽氧烷樹脂。舉例而言,可藉由除去溶劑來濃縮該倍半矽氧烷樹脂。除去溶劑之方法不具重要性且有數種方法為本技術熟知(例如在熱及/或真空下蒸餾)。一旦該倍半矽氧烷樹脂之濃度達到一特定濃度,則可以用相同或於特定用途之另一溶劑稀釋該樹脂。或者,若最終產物需要除了此反應中使用的溶劑外之不同溶劑,則可藉由添加一第二溶劑且通過(例如)蒸餾除去該第一溶劑而完成溶劑交換。另外,可藉由除去一些溶劑或添加額外溶劑量來調整溶劑中之樹脂濃度。
塗層組合物一般含有一溶劑。有用的溶劑(iii)尤其包含(但不限於)1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇、丙二醇單甲基乙基醋酸酯、γ-丁內酯及環己酮。塗層組合物一般包括基於塗層組合物總重量為10%至99.9重量%(或者80%至98重量%)的溶劑。
該塗層組合物係經施加於其上具有一圖案的一基板上。該基板一般係一半導體器件,諸如意欲用於製造半導體組件之基於矽之器件及基於砷化鎵之器件。該器件一般包括至少一個半導體層及包括各種傳導、半導體或絕緣材料之複數個其它層。
半導體器件上之圖案一般係已經施加及圖案化之一光阻層。一般地,圖案化光阻劑係形成於一抗反射塗層之上,而該塗層係形成於如圖1所示之一硬掩膜之上。用於施加光阻劑、抗反射塗層及硬掩膜層之方法為本技術熟知。用於在該光阻層中產生一圖案之方法亦為本技術熟知。
該光阻層包括選自熱酸產生劑、光酸產生劑或胺交聯劑之活化劑。
熱酸產生劑係當加熱時(例如,在烘烤步驟或光阻流動過程期間)能夠產生一酸性部份之化合物。熱酸產生劑可係非離子性熱酸產生劑、離子性酸產生劑或聚合酸產生劑。例示性的非離子性熱酸產生劑包含(但不限於)對甲苯磺酸環己酯、對甲苯磺酸酯及2,4,6-三異丙基苯磺酸環己酯、硝基苯甲酯、安息香甲苯磺酸酯、2-硝苄基甲苯磺酸酯、三(2,3-二溴丙基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三酮、有機磺酸之烷基酯、對甲苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、草酸、酞酸、磷酸、樟腦磺酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酸、三異丙基萘磺酸、5-硝基-鄰甲苯磺酸、5-磺酸基水楊酸、2,5-二甲基苯磺酸、2-硝基苯磺酸、3-氯苯磺酸、3-溴苯磺酸、2-氟癸醯基萘磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、1-萘酚-5-磺酸、2-甲氧基-4-烴基-5-苯甲醯基-苯磺酸,及其等之鹽,及其等之混合物。離子性熱酸產生劑包含(但不限於)十二烷基苯磺酸三乙胺鹽、十二烷基苯二磺酸三乙胺鹽、磺酸鹽(諸如碳環芳基(例如苯基、萘基、蒽基等等)、雜芳基(例如噻吩基)或脂族磺酸鹽),較佳為碳環芳基磺酸鹽、視需要經取代的苯磺酸鹽等等。該碳環芳基磺酸鹽可未經取代或經(例如)下列基團中之一或多者取代:羥基;視需要經取代之烷基;視需要經取代之烯基;視需要經取代之烷氧基;視需要經取代之碳環芳基(例如視需要經取代之苯基、視需要經取代之萘基、視需要經取代之蒽及類似物);視需要經取代之芳烷基,諸如芳烷基(例如視需要經取代之苄基及類似物);及視需要經取代之雜芳族或雜脂環族基,其等較佳具有1至3個環,每個環中有3至8個環成員及1至3個雜原子,諸如香豆素基、喹啉基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、咪唑基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻唑、四氫呋喃基、四氫哌喃基、哌啶基、N-嗎啉基、吡咯啶基及其它基團。
光酸產生劑係當暴露於UV時(例如,在烘烤步驟或光阻流動過程期間)能夠產生一酸性部份之化合物。光酸產生劑包含硫化物及鎓類化合物。光酸產生劑包含(但不限於)二苯基碘六氟磷酸鹽、二苯基碘六氟砷酸鹽、二苯基碘六氟銻酸鹽、二苯基對甲氧苯基三氟甲磺酸鹽、二苯基對甲苯基三氟甲磺酸鹽、二苯基對異丁基苯基三氟甲磺酸鹽、二苯基對第三丁基苯基三氟甲磺酸鹽、三苯基鋶六氟磷酸鹽、三苯基鋶六氟砷酸鹽、三苯基鋶六氟銻酸鹽、三苯基鋶三氟甲磺酸鹽及二丁基萘基鋶三氟甲磺酸鹽。
胺交聯劑係當加熱或暴露於UV時(例如,在烘烤步驟或光阻流動過程期間)能夠產生胺之化合物。例示性的胺交聯劑包含(但不限於)乙炔脲-甲醛樹脂、三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂、苯胍胺-甲醛樹脂及脲-甲醛樹脂、N,N,N,N-四(烷氧基甲基)乙炔脲、N,N,N,N-四(烷氧基甲基)乙炔脲、N,N,N,N-四(甲氧基甲基)乙炔脲、N,N,N,N-四(乙氧基甲基)乙炔脲、N,N,N,N-四(正丙氧基甲基)乙炔脲、N,N,N,N-四(第三丙氧基甲基)乙炔脲、N,N,N,N-四(正丁氧基甲基)乙炔脲及N,N,N,N-四(第三丁氧基甲基)乙炔脲。N,N,N,N-四(甲氧基甲基)乙炔脲可從Cytec Industries之商標POWDERLINK(例如,POWDERLINK 1174)獲得。
活化劑一般係以基於光阻劑總重量高達20,000 ppm(或者10至10,000 ppm)之量存在於該光阻劑中。
用於施加塗層組合物至基板之特定方法包含(但不限於)旋塗、浸塗、噴塗、淋塗、絲網印刷及其它。用於施加之一般方法係旋塗。塗覆一般涉及以1,000至2,000 RPM旋轉電子器件,且將該塗層組合物加至旋轉電子器件之表面。
一旦已施加該塗層組合物,則除去任何溶劑且使該塗層組合物暴露於一固化機制以活化光阻劑中之活化劑且導致該塗層組合物在該光阻劑之表面處固化。取決於倍半矽氧烷樹脂上之官能基及組合物中之活化劑,該固化機制可係藉由熱或輻射。
為熱固化該塗層組合物,將經塗覆基板加熱至一足夠溫度持續一足夠時間以導致固化。舉例而言,固化可藉由將該塗層組合物於80℃至250℃下加熱0.1至60分鐘,或者在100℃至150℃加熱0.5至5分鐘,或者在100℃至130℃加熱0.5至2分鐘而進行。在固化步驟期間可使用任何加熱方法。舉例而言,可將該經塗覆電子器件置於一管狀石英爐、對流烘箱中或使其靜置於熱板上。
當該塗層組合物暴露於一輻射源(諸如UV、X射線、電子束、EUV或類似物)時發生輻射固化。一般使用具有200 nm至450 nm波長之紫外輻射,或者使用具有245 nm或365 nm波長之紫外輻射。適宜的輻射源包含水銀、水銀/氙及氙氣燈。較佳輻射源係一KrF準分子雷射(248 nm)。在使用較長波長輻射(例如,365 nm)時,建議將一感光劑加入該光阻劑組合物以加強輻射吸收。一般利用小於100 mJ/cm2
之輻射,或者利用小於50 mJ/cm2
之輻射,達成該塗層組合物之完全暴露。
塗層組合物之固化量將取決於光阻劑中活化劑之量及該塗層組合物暴露於固化機制之時間。當該塗層組合物暴露於一輻射源時,可能需要執行一隨後熱處理以促進樹脂之固化。
一旦已發生固化,則可利用一顯影液除去未固化的塗層組合物。適宜的顯影液一般含有一水性鹼溶液,一般係不含金屬離子及視情況含一有機溶劑之水性鹼溶液。熟習此項技術者將能夠選擇適當的顯影液。標準工業顯影液可由以下各者例示(但不限於其等):有機鹼金屬化合物(諸如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、矽酸鈉、偏矽酸鈉及氨水)、第一胺(諸如乙胺及正丙胺)、第二胺(諸如二乙基胺及二-正丁基胺)、第三胺(諸如三乙胺及甲基二乙基胺)、醇胺(諸如二甲基乙醇胺及三乙醇胺)、第四銨鹽(諸如氫氧化四甲銨、氫氧化四乙銨及膽鹼、及環胺(諸如吡咯及哌啶)。一般使用第四銨鹽,諸如氫氧化四甲銨(TMAH)之溶液。
除去未固化的塗層組合物之後,於圖案化光阻劑上留下一層固化的塗層組合物。接著除去該固化塗層組合物之水平表面,而在該光組劑之側壁上留下固化的塗層組合物。可藉由已知之反應性離子蝕刻技術(諸如CF4
)除去該固化塗層組合物。
接著可藉由已知技術,諸如藉由利用反應性離子(諸如氧氣、電漿及/或氧氣/二氧化硫電漿)蝕刻除去該光阻層。適宜的電漿工具包含(但不限於)電子迴旋共振(ECR)、螺旋子(helicon)、感應耦合電漿(ICP)及傳輸耦合電漿(TCP)系統。蝕刻技術為本技術熟知且熟習此項技術者將熟悉各種商業可用蝕刻裝置。
可利用額外步驟或將圖案轉移至下方層中,以產生一具有期望結構之器件。
包含以下實例以展示本發明之實施例。熟習此項技術者應瞭解隨後實例中揭示的技術代表經發明者發現可在實踐本發明中良好運作之技術,且因此可將其視為構成用於其實踐之一般模式。然而,根據本揭示內容,熟習此項技術者應瞭解可在所揭示的特定實施例中作出許多變化且仍獲得相同或相似的結果,而不背離本發明。所有百分比係重量%。
實例1
T(H)0.65
T(CHEp)0.3
T(PEO)0.05
之合成
在含有存於甲苯中的氫化倍半矽氧烷(Mw=2200,212 g,於甲苯中12.5重量%)、烯丙基單甲基聚乙二醇(18.75 g)及乙烯基環己烯氧化物(18.63 g)之500 mL燒瓶中加入幾滴鉑觸媒。於80℃下攪拌混合物兩小時。藉由溶劑交換獲得所選溶劑之溶液至10%重量。通過一0.2微米PTFE過濾器過濾該溶液且將其儲存於一HDPE瓶中。GPC(vs. PS): Mw=4360,PDI=3.04。
實例2
T(H)0.55
(MA)0.30
T(PEO)0.15
之合成
在一3 L三頸燒瓶中裝入醋酸乙酯(100 g)、Me(OCH2
CH2
)5-9
O(CH2
)3
SiCl3
(28.84 g)、甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(37.25 g)及HSiCl3
(37.25 g)。於一小時期間內將醋酸乙酯(300 g)及水(27 g)之溶液加入該燒瓶。使該溶液稠化一小時。接著利用DI水清洗樹脂溶液且使用一旋轉蒸發器將溶劑交換為異丁醇。將溶液汽提且稀釋至在異丁醇中為10重量%。通過一0.2微米PTFE過濾器過濾該溶液且將其儲存於一HDPE瓶中。GPC(vs. PS): Mw=9530,PDI=2.02。
實例3
T(H)0.6
T(CHEp)0.3
T(PEO)0.1
之合成
在含有存於甲苯中的氫化倍半矽氧烷(424 g,Mw=2200,於甲苯中12.5重量%)、烯丙基單甲基聚乙二醇(25 g)及乙烯基環己烯氧化物(37.26 g)之500 mL燒瓶中加入幾滴鉑觸媒。於RT攪拌混合物兩小時。藉由溶劑交換獲得所選溶劑之溶液至10%重量。通過一0.2微米PTFE過濾器過濾該溶液且將其儲存於一HDPE瓶中。GPC(vs. PS): Mw=8900,PDI=4.26。
實例4
T(H)0.85
T(CHEp)0.15
T(PEO)0.05
之合成
在含有存於甲苯中的氫化倍半矽氧烷(153.2 g,Mw=2200,於甲苯中12.5重量%)、烯丙基單甲基聚乙二醇(6.25 g)及乙烯基環己烯氧化物(9.31 g)之500 mL燒瓶中加入幾滴鉑觸媒。於RT攪拌混合物兩小時。藉由溶劑交換獲得所選溶劑之溶液至10%重量。通過一0.2微米PTFE過濾器過濾該溶液且將其儲存於一HDPE瓶中。GPC(vs. PS): Mw=4360,PDI=3.04。
實例5
T(H)0.85
T(CHEp)0.15
T(PEO)0.05
之合成
在含有存於甲苯中的氫化倍半矽氧烷(306 g,Mw=2200,於甲苯中12.5重量%)、烯丙基單甲基聚乙二醇(12.5 g)及乙烯基環己烯氧化物(18.63 g)之500 mL燒瓶中加入幾滴鉑觸媒。於RT攪拌混合物兩小時。藉由溶劑交換獲得所選溶劑之溶液至10%重量。通過一0.2微米PTFE過濾器過濾該溶液且將其儲存於一HDPE瓶中。GPC(vs. PS): Mw=4370,PDI=2.98。
實例6
T(H)0.85
T(CHEp)0.15
T(HOP)0.05
之合成
在含有存於甲苯中的氫化倍半矽氧烷(37.6 g,Mw=2200,於甲苯中23.5重量%)、2-烯丙氧基四氫哌喃(HOP,6.62 g)及乙烯基環己烯氧化物(4.13 g)之250 mL燒瓶中加入幾滴存於醚溶劑中的鉑觸媒。於RT攪拌混合物幾個小時。藉由溶劑交換獲得所選溶劑之溶液至10%重量。通過一0.2微米PTFE過濾器過濾該溶液且將其儲存於一HDPE瓶中。GPC(vs. PS): Mw=6730,PDI=3.21。
樹脂配方、塗層及特性
取決於樹脂,將經稱重量之光引發劑溶解於10%重量樹脂溶液中(表1),其中該光引發劑係光酸產生劑(PAG)((對異丙基苯基)(對甲基苯基)錪肆(五氟苯基)硼酸鹽),或光自由基產生劑(PRG)(來自Ciba Special Chemicals之Irgacure 379)。在一Karl Suss CT62旋轉塗覆機上處理晶圓上之薄膜塗層。首先通過一0.20微米TEFLON過濾器過濾該樹脂溶液且接著將其旋轉塗覆於標準的單側四英寸拋光低電阻率晶圓或雙側拋光FTIR晶圓上(旋轉速度=2000 rpm;加速度=5000,時間=20秒,另有說明者除外)。在120℃下預烘烤晶圓60秒,接著一寬頻UV輻射(表1中以J/m2
顯示該UV劑量)。接著在120℃下預烘烤晶圓60秒。之後將固化晶圓浸入TMAH溶液(0.24 N)中達60秒。藉由使用一J. A. Woollam橢圓測厚儀測量將固化晶圓浸入TMAH(0.24 N)中1分鐘前後之薄膜厚度變化而判定光固化之後由TMAH顯影劑造成之薄膜損失(%)。記錄的厚度值係九次測量之平均值。
圖1呈現使用雙重圖案化方法使用一倍半矽氧烷樹脂在一基板上形成一圖案之方法步驟。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (18)
- 一種在一基板上形成一圖案之方法,其中該方法包括:(I)將一塗層組合物施加於含有一活化劑之一第一圖案化材料上,該活化劑係選自一熱酸產生劑、一光酸產生劑或一胺交聯劑,其中該塗層組合物包括:(i)一倍半矽氧烷樹脂,其包括以下單元:(HSiO(3-x)/2 (OR')x )m (RSiO(3-x)/2 (OR')x )n (R1 SiO(3-x)/2 (OR')x )p (R2 SiO(3-x)/2 (OR')x )q 其中R'係氫原子或具有1至4個碳原子之烴基;R係含有環氧基、含有丙烯醯氧基官能基或乙烯基醚基團之光固化基團;R1 係一親水性有機基團;R2 係任何有機輔助基團;x具有0、1或2之值;其中在該樹脂中,m具有0.10至0.95之值,n具有0.05至0.7之值,p具有0.05至0.5之值,q具有0至0.5之值,且m+n+p+q=1;及(II)將該塗層組合物暴露於一固化機制,以在該第一圖案材料之表面上產生一固化塗層;(III)除去任何未經固化的塗層組合物;(IV)自任何水平表面除去固化塗層,得到位於第一圖案材料之側壁上的固化塗層;(V)除去該第一圖案材料,藉此在該基板上產生一第二圖案,其中該第二圖案包括該固化塗層組合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中m具有0.2至0.90之值,n具有 0.05至0.50之值,p具有0.05至0.30之值,且q具有0至0.25之值。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中m具有0.3至0.85之值,n具有0.1至0.3之值,p具有0.1至0.20之值,且q具有0.01至0.20之值。
- 2或3之方法,其中R係具有式-R2 OCH2 CH(O)CH2 之環氧基,其中R2 係具有1至4個碳原子之烴基或一聚醚基或-CH2 CH2 -(C6 H9 (O))。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中R係3-縮水甘油氧丙基。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中R係2-(3,4-環氧環己基)。
- 2或3之方法,其中R係具有式CH2 =C(R3 )COOR4 -之丙烯醯氧基,其中R3 係氫原子或甲基且R4 係具有1至4個碳原子之烴基或一聚醚基。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中R係甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中R係丙烯醯氧基丙基。
- 2或3之方法,其中R係一乙烯基醚基。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該塗層組合物亦包括一溶劑。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該塗層組合物係藉由加熱該塗層組合物而熱固化。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該塗層組合物係藉由將該組合物暴露於輻射而固化。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中利用一顯影液除去任何未固化的塗層組合物。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由一反應性離子蝕刻技術自 任何水平表面除去固化塗層。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由利用CF4 之蝕刻除去該固化塗層。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由蝕刻除去該第一圖案化材料。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中藉由利用O2 電漿之蝕刻除去該第一圖案化材料。
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CN102439523A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
JP2012533907A (ja) | 2012-12-27 |
WO2011011140A2 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
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US8728335B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
US20120118856A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
JP2014209241A (ja) | 2014-11-06 |
JP5571788B2 (ja) | 2014-08-13 |
WO2011011140A3 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
KR20120044367A (ko) | 2012-05-07 |
SG177241A1 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
TW201111918A (en) | 2011-04-01 |
KR101295858B1 (ko) | 2013-08-12 |
EP2457126A4 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
EP2457126A2 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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