TWI451705B - 在一正交上鏈中之多載波分碼多重接取（ｍｃ-ｃｄｍａ）多工處理 - Google Patents

在一正交上鏈中之多載波分碼多重接取（ｍｃ-ｃｄｍａ）多工處理 Download PDF

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TWI451705B
TWI451705B TW101111962A TW101111962A TWI451705B TW I451705 B TWI451705 B TW I451705B TW 101111962 A TW101111962 A TW 101111962A TW 101111962 A TW101111962 A TW 101111962A TW I451705 B TWI451705 B TW I451705B
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TW201236390A (en
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Arak Sutivong
Avneesh Agrawal
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code
    • H04L5/0021—Time-frequency-code in which codes are applied as a frequency-domain sequences, e.g. MC-CDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/692—Hybrid techniques using combinations of two or more spread spectrum techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/16—Code allocation
    • H04J13/18—Allocation of orthogonal codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals
    • H04L5/026—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals using code division
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
    • H04L27/2673—Details of algorithms characterised by synchronisation parameters
    • H04L27/2675—Pilot or known symbols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Description

在一正交上鏈中之多載波分碼多重接取(MC-CDMA)多工處理
本發明大體係關於通信，且更特定言之係關於用於支援一無線通信系統之一正交上鏈中之多載波分碼多重接取(MC-CDMA)的技術。
在一跳頻展頻(FHSS)通信系統中，資料在不同時間間隔中於不同頻率副頻帶或副載波展頻上傳輸，該等時間間隔亦稱為"跳頻週期"。此等頻率副頻帶可藉由正交分頻多工處理(OFDM)、其它多載波調變技術或某些其它構造而提供。使用FHSS，資料傳輸以一偽隨機方式自一副頻帶跳頻至另一副頻帶。此跳頻提供頻率分集且允許資料傳輸較佳地經受諸如窄帶干擾、人為干擾、衰落等等有害路徑效應。
一OFDMA系統利用OFDM且可同時支援多個使用者。對於一跳頻OFDMA系統，用於每一使用者之資料使用一指派給使用者之特殊跳頻(FH)序列而傳輸。FH序列指示特殊副頻帶用於每一跳頻週期中之資料傳輸。用於多個使用者之多資料傳輸可使用不同FH序列同時發送。此等FH序列定義為相互正交以使得在每一跳頻週期中僅一資料傳輸使用每一副頻帶。藉由使用正交FH序列，單元內干擾得以避免，且多資料傳輸在享受頻率分集之益處之同時不會相互干擾。
本文提供支援一無線通信系統之一正交上鏈中之MC-CDMA多工處理的技術。
在一態樣中，一種無線多載波通信之方法包含：將一上鏈上之副載波展頻劃分為非重疊組；配置至少一時頻區塊，每一時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；將一不同正交碼集指派給每一使用者；在經配置之至少一時頻區塊上擴展每一使用者之符號，其中每一使用者之符號使用指派給每一使用者之不同正交碼集而擴展；將每一符號映射至一在至少一時頻區塊中之調變符號；基於該等經映射符號產生一正交波形；及傳輸該正交波形。
在一態樣中，產生之正交波形係一正交分頻多工(OFDM)波形。在另一態樣中，產生之正交波形係一正交分頻多重接取(OFDMA)波形。
在一態樣中，一種用於無線多載波通信之裝置包含：用於將一上鏈上之副載波展頻劃分為非重疊組之構件；用於配置至少一時頻區塊之構件，每一時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；用於將一不同正交碼集指派給每一使用者之構件；用於在經配置之至少一時頻區塊上擴展每一使用者之符號之構件，其中每一使用者之符號使用指派給每一使用者之不同正交碼集而擴展；用於將每一符號映射至一在至少一時頻區塊中之調變符號之構件；用於基於該等經映射符號產生一正交波形之構件；及用於傳輸該正交波形之構件。
在另一態樣中，一電腦可讀媒體體現一種用於無線多載波通信之方法，其包含：將一上鏈上之副載波展頻劃分為非重疊組；配置至少一時頻區塊，每一時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；將一不同正交碼集指派給每一使用者；在經配置之至少一時頻區塊上擴展每一使用者之符號，其中每一使用者之符號使用指派給每一使用者之不同正交碼集而擴展；將每一符號映射至一在至少一時頻區塊中之調變符號；基於該等經映射符號產生一正交波形；及傳輸該正交波形。
在又一態樣中，一種用於無線多載波通信之裝置包含一控制器、一處理器及一傳輸器。該控制器可操作以：將一上鏈上之副載波展頻劃分為非重疊組；配置至少一時頻區塊，每一時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；及將一不同正交碼集指派給每一使用者。該處理器可操作以：在經配置之至少一時頻區塊上擴展每一使用者之符號，其中每一使用者之符號使用指派給每一使用者之不同正交碼集而擴展；及將每一符號映射至一在至少一時頻區塊中之調變符號。該傳輸器可操作以：基於該等經映射符號產生一正交波形；及傳輸該正交波形。
在一態樣中，一種在一無線多載波通信系統中之接收器包含：一天線，其用於接收一正交波形；一解調變器，其用於解調變該正交波形，藉此建立擴展符號；一處理器，其用於確定一來自該等擴展符號之時頻區塊；及一解擴展器，其用於使用一正交碼為一使用者解擴展該時頻區塊中的擴展符號。
下文進一步詳細論述本發明之各種態樣及實施例。
詞"例示性"在本文中用於意謂"用作一實例、例子或說明"。本文論述為"例示性"之任一實施例及設計不必解釋為比其它實施例或設計較佳或有利。
一OFDMA系統可以多個單元佈署，其中一單元通常係指一基地台及/或其覆蓋區域。一單元中之一給定副頻帶上之一資料傳輸充當對一相鄰單元中之相同副頻帶上的另一資料傳輸的干擾。為使單元間之干擾隨機化，用於每一單元之FH序列通常相對於相鄰單元之FH序列而定義為偽隨機的。藉由使用偽隨機FH序列，干擾分集達成，且一給定單元中用於一使用者之資料傳輸可經一足夠長時間週期觀察來自其它單元中用於其它使用者之資料傳輸的平均干擾。
單元間干擾可在任何給定時刻自副頻帶至副頻帶顯著地變化。為說明越過副頻帶之干擾之變化，在用於一資料傳輸之資料傳輸率之選擇中通常使用一範圍。若干擾之可變性較大，則通常需要一較大範圍以達成資料傳輸之一低封包錯誤率(PER)。較大範圍導致資料傳輸之資料傳輸率之較大減小，其限制系統容量。
跳頻可平均單元間干擾且減小所需範圍。增大跳頻率導致較佳干擾平均且減小所需範圍。快速跳頻率對於越過多個跳頻將資料編碼之特定類型傳輸尤其有利，且其不可使用其它技術如自動請求重傳(ARQ)以減輕干擾之有害效應。
具有一FH-OFDMA上鏈之多載波分碼多重接取(MC-CDMA)系統係一基於CDMA方案與正交分頻多工處理(OFDM)訊號傳輸之組合的通信系統。由於即使在通過一多路徑頻道之後仍可保存經多工處理訊號之間的正交性(假定使用者與一基地台之間之精確時間及頻率同步)，因此MC-CDMA係下鏈上之有效傳輸技術，藉此允許在接收器處之經多工處理訊號的可靠分離。
另一方面，MC-CDMA尚未與一上鏈上之多重接取技術一樣成功。上鏈傳輸與下鏈傳輸係固有地不同，表現在來自不同使用者之經傳輸訊號受不同頻道影響。歸因於多工處理之本質及對MC-CDMA之頻道估計誤差之敏感性，必須留出一不成比例量之系統資源用於頻道估計以使得此技術能在上鏈上運行。此外，由於使用者見到不同頻道，都蔔勒位移，上鏈上之同步係一更複雜問題，且經常在離基地台不同距離處。
然而，在一FH-OFDMA上鏈之情形中MC-CDMA作為一多工處理技術之一仔細應用可導致顯著資源利用率改良，尤其在用於低頻譜效率傳輸之頻寬利用方面。
在FH-OFDMA中，一上鏈上之使用者隨時間而被指派副載波展頻及跳頻之子集。跳頻幫助隨時間而改良頻率分集及干擾平均。在一實施例中，上鏈上之副載波展頻劃分為非重疊組且每一組獨立地跳頻。由於來自連續副載波展頻之頻道(在一組內)經期望係高度相關的，所以其頻道可使用普通導頻訊號符號估計，其導致導頻訊號額外負擔之顯著節約(與一具有隨機副載波展頻跳頻之佈署相比)。此外，FH-OFDMA使用一閉環上鏈時間控制機制以確保所有上鏈訊號在一較小時間窗(意即，在一循環前置項持續時間內)到達，其幫助促進符號間干擾(ISI)及載波展頻間干擾(ICI)之減輕。
在一實施例中，FH-OFDMA越過不同使用者或越過來自相同使用者之不同訊號支援MC-CDMA多工處理。圖1說明根據一實施例之FH-OFDMA之情形中之MC-CDMA的概念。水平軸係用於OFDM符號102。垂直軸係用於副載波展頻104。
實例假定8載波展頻組跳過8個OFDM符號。同樣地，每一時頻區塊106中存在64個調變符號。圖中繪示用於一時頻區塊的跳頻持續時間108及載波展頻關聯(carrier association)110。
在一實施例中，在一時頻區塊中的時間及頻率係連續。一時頻區塊係OFDM符號及副載波展頻之連續配置。或者，在一時頻區塊中的頻率係不連續，但是屬於相同時頻區塊之部分的頻率係相互正交。
每一使用者被指派一不同正交碼集，該碼集用於在經配置時頻區塊上擴展個別資料(或導頻訊號)符號。正交碼之實例包括Walsh碼及Gold碼，其在此項技術中均為已知的。
在擴展之後，每一符號映射至經指派時頻區塊中之調變符號之一。接著基於此等符號產生一相應OFDMA波形(遵循標準OFDMA波形產生技術)。如可見，多個使用者正共用相同時頻配置；一與傳統FH-OFDMA之顯著區別，其中使用者被指派不同時頻配置集以確保正交性。在一組及跳頻持續時間中適當選擇副載波展頻之數目的情況下，不同使用者之個別頻道似乎在某時頻配置上係恆定的，藉此允許使用者基於指派給不同使用者之唯一擴展簽名/代碼而分離。
來自不同使用者之MC-CDMA訊號在相同時頻配置上予以多工處理。一來自每一使用者之個別頻道期望在每一時頻配置上係恆定的，藉此允許在接收器處之分離。
此技術對於在上鏈上之相同時頻配置上多工處理來自不同使用者之低頻譜效率傳輸(例如，導頻訊號符號、ACK/NACK符號等)尤其有效。此外，在某些情況中，此技術亦可用於幫助減輕鏈路預算限制。
舉例而言，考慮上鏈上之一位元傳輸(例如，一導頻訊號或ACK/NACK符號)。為滿足效能需求，必須達成某經接收SNR量。一使用者可在一很高功率下一次傳輸來傳輸該位元，或在一較低功率下之若干次傳輸(例如，通過重複)來傳輸該位元。前者之技術導致高頻寬效率(意即，僅需要一次傳輸)但可能遭遇鏈路預算限制，且更糟的是，歸因於頻率/干擾分集之缺乏而遭遇不良效能。替代方法係經若干次傳輸來傳輸此一位元。為改良頻率/干擾分集，每一傳輸可在不同頻率及/或時間瞬間發生。此方法將可能導致在接收器處之更可靠偵測，但此係以更大頻寬額外負擔及可能更長的傳輸時間為代價的。一ACK/NACK位元之傳輸時間愈長，導致傳輸器之處理時間愈少，尤其在一使用H-ARQ之系統中。
一折衷辦法係使用一傳輸技術，其能夠儲備足夠量之頻率/干擾分集，同時仍使用合理量之頻寬。可使用先前考慮之具有連續載波展頻組跳頻之結構。在此配置中，一使用者在多個時頻區塊上傳輸一位元數量以收集頻率/干擾分集。此外，多個使用者在一特定時頻區塊上經正交地多工處理以使總頻寬消耗最小。為說明此後者，考慮其中一使用者通過M次傳輸傳輸一位元數量的情況。假定N次傳輸屬於一特定時頻區塊(意即，一使用者通過一全部M/N組塊傳輸)。同樣地，一使用者需要來自每一組塊之N個調變符號。假定每時頻區塊存在全部K個調變符號，每一組塊可接著支援至多K/N個使用者。明顯地，若頻道在每一時頻區塊上保持相當恆定(在時間及頻率上)，則可容易地應用MC-CDMA多工處理技術。對於該目的，每一使用者被指派正交碼序列之一以調變一個別資料符號。經正交擴展之符號接著放在適當副載波展頻上，自該等副載波展頻可產生一OFDM波形。
藉由將一正交碼序列指派給每一使用者，最多K個使用者可在每一時頻區塊中多工處理，同時仍能夠收集相同量之能量(在解擴展之後)。另外，由於每一使用者現正在整個時頻區塊上傳輸，因此鏈路預算之節約係一即時副產品。鏈路預算節約主要來自每一使用者經一更長持續時間傳輸之事實。
亦可普及此傳輸技術以在一配置中運行，在該配置中使用者一次傳輸多於僅一位元。詳言之，修正每一使用者之傳輸使得多個使用者可在每一時頻區塊上多工處理通常係可能的(意即，通過一慎重擴展)。然而，真正頻寬節約真正來自當重複代碼(其為一擴展形式)係傳輸固有的時。
在一FH-OFDMA配置中，一重複代碼作為一減輕鏈路預算限制之構件亦為有用的。舉例而言，歸因於一鏈路預算限制，當通過一次傳輸傳輸一經編碼符號時，一使用者可能不能夠滿足經接收SNR需要。一種避免此之方法係通過多次傳輸來傳輸每一經編碼符號，每一次以更低功率在不同時間瞬間(意即，通過重複)。明顯地，藉由應用經提議之使用者多工處理技術，當將頻寬額外負擔限制在一最小值時可達成所需結果。
圖2展示一終端機220x之一實施例之方塊圖，該終端機係OFDMA系統200中之終端機之一。為簡單起見，圖2僅展示終端機220x之傳輸器部分。
在終端機220x內，一編碼器/交錯器212自一資料源210接收訊務資料且自一控制器240接收可能的控制資料及其它資料。編碼器/交錯器212格式化、編碼且交錯經接收資料以提供經編碼資料。一調變器214接著根據一或多個調變方案(例如，QPSK、M-PSK、M-QAM等)調變經編碼資料以提供調變符號(或簡稱為"資料符號")。每一調變符號係一用於使用於調變符號之調變方案的一訊號群中之一特定點的複合值(complex value)。
一OFDM調變器220執行用於資料符號之跳頻及OFDM處理。在OFDM調變器220內，一TX FH處理器222接收資料符號且在藉由一用於一指派給終端機220x之訊務頻道之FH序列確定的適當副頻帶上提供此等資料符號。此FH序列指示特定副頻帶在每一跳頻週期中使用且由控制器240提供。TX FH處理器222提供資料符號。資料符號以一由FH序列確定之偽隨機方式自一副頻帶動態地跳頻至另一副頻帶。對於每一OFDM符號週期，TX FH處理器222提供N個"傳輸"符號用於N個副頻帶。此等N個傳輸符號由使用於資料傳輸(若資料正傳輸)之副頻帶之一資料符號及未使用於資料傳輸之每一副頻帶的一零訊號值組成。
一反向快速傅立葉轉換(IFFT)單元224接收N個傳輸符號用於每一OFDM符號週期。IFFT單元224接著將N個傳輸符號轉換至使用一N點反向FFT之時域以獲得一含有N個時域"資料"碼片之"經轉換"符號。每一資料碼片係一在一碼片週期中傳輸之複合值。(碼片率係關於系統之總頻寬。)一循環前置項產生器226接收N個資料碼片用於每一經轉換符號且重複該經轉換符號之一部分以形成一含有N+Cp 個資料碼片之OFDM符號，其中Cp 係重複之資料碼片的數目。該經重複部分通常稱作一循環前置項且用於對抗由頻率選擇衰落引起之符號間干擾(ISI)。一OFDM符號週期對應於一OFDM符號之持續時間，其為N+Cp 碼片週期。循環前置項產生器226提供一資料碼片流用於一OFDM符號流。
一傳輸(TX)導頻訊號處理器230接收資料碼片流及至少一導頻訊號符號。TX導頻訊號處理器230產生一窄頻導頻訊號。TX導頻訊號處理器230提供一"傳輸"碼片流。一傳輸器單元(TMTR)232處理該傳輸碼片流以獲得一經調變訊號，其自一天線234傳輸至基地台。
圖3展示一基地台210x之一實施例之方塊圖，該基地台係OFDMA系統200中之基地台之一。為簡單起見，圖3僅展示基地台210x之接收器部分。
由終端機220x傳輸之經調變訊號藉由天線252而接收。來自天線252之經接收訊號提供給一接收器單元(RCVR)254且藉由其處理以提供樣本。接收器單元254可進一步執行樣本率轉換(自接收器樣本率至碼片率)、頻率/相位校正及對該等樣本之其它預處理。接收器單元254提供一"經接收"碼片流。
一接收(RX)導頻訊號處理器260接收且處理該經接收碼片流，以恢復窄頻導頻訊號及藉由終端機220x傳輸之資料碼片。下文論述用於RX導頻訊號處理器260之若干設計。RX導頻訊號處理器260將一經接收資料碼片流提供至一OFDM解調變器270，且將頻道增益估計提供至一數位訊號處理器(DSP)262。如下文所述，DSP 262處理頻道增益估計，以獲得使用於資料解調變之頻道響應估計。
在OFDM解調變器270內，一循環前置項移除單元272接收該經接收資料碼片流且移除附加至每一經接收OFDM符號之循環前置項，以獲得一經接收轉換符號。一FFT單元274接著將每一經接收轉換符號轉換至使用一N點FFT之頻域，以獲得用於N個副頻帶的N個經接收符號。一RX FH處理器276在每一OFDM符號週期獲得N個經接收符號，且在該OFDM符號週期提供來自適當副頻帶之經接收符號作為經接收資料符號。在每一OFDM符號週期中，用以自其獲得經接收資料符號之特定副頻帶係藉由用於指派給終端機220x之訊務頻道的FH序列予以確定。此FH序列係藉由一控制器290予以提供。由於藉由終端機220x之資料傳輸動態地自一副頻帶跳頻至另一副頻帶，因此RX FH處理器276協同終端機220x中的TX FH處理器222運作且提供來自適當副頻帶之經接收資料符號。在基地台210x之RX FH處理器276使用之FH序列相同於在終端機220x之TX FH處理器222使用之FH序列。此外，基地台210x處及終端機220x處之FH序列係同步的。RX FH處理器276將一經接收資料符號流提供至一解調變器280。
解調變器280接收且連貫地解調變來自DSP 262之具有頻道響應估計之經接收資料符號，以獲得經恢復資料符號。頻道響應估計係用於使用於資料傳輸之副頻帶。解調變器280進一步解映射經恢復資料符號以獲得經解調變資料。一解交錯器/解碼器282接著解交錯且解碼該經解調變資料以提供經解碼資料，其可提供至一資料儲集器284用於儲存。一般而言，藉由基地台210x中之單元之處理係互補於藉由終端機420x中的相應單元執行之處理。
控制器240及290分別導引在終端機220x及基地台210x之操作。記憶體單元242及292分別提供儲存用於由控制器240及290使用之程式碼及資料。控制器240及290亦可執行與導頻訊號相關之處理。舉例而言，當應分別傳輸且接收一用於終端機220x之窄頻導頻訊號時，控制器240及290可確定時間間隔。
為清楚起見，圖2及3分別展示反向鏈路上之導頻訊號及資料之傳輸及重複。可執行類似或不同處理用於前向鏈路上之導頻訊號及資料傳輸。
本文論述之技術可使用於一跳頻OFDMA系統以及其它無線多載波通信系統。舉例而言，此等技術可用於使用諸如離散多頻道(discrete multi-tone；DMT)之其它多載波調變技術的系統。
本文論述之技術可使用於一分時雙工處理(TDD)佈署中之有效窄頻上鏈導頻訊號傳輸。節約係在用於每一使用者之系統頻寬及鏈路預算中。舉例而言，給定三個使用者，其每一者通過三個時槽傳輸一符號，每一使用者通過三個時槽以1/3傳輸功率傳輸其符號。
本文論述之技術可在傳輸器及接收器處藉由各種構件實施。在傳輸器及接收器處之導頻訊號及資料處理可在硬體、軟體或其組合中執行。對於一硬體實施，處理單元(例如，TX導頻訊號處理器230、RX導頻訊號處理器260、DSP 222等)可在一或多個特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、數位訊號處理器(DSP)、數位訊號處理設備(DSPD)、可程式邏輯設備(PLD)、場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)、處理器、控制器、微控制器、經設計以執行本文所述之功能的其它電子單元或其組合內實施。
對於一軟體實施，在傳輸器及接收器處之導頻訊號及資料處理可以執行本文所述之功能的模組(例如，程序、函式等)實施。軟體程式碼可儲存於記憶體單元(例如，圖2及3中之記憶體單元242及292)中且藉由處理器(例如，控制器240及290)執行。記憶體單元可在處理器內或處理器外部實施，在該情形中其可經由如此項技術中已知之各種構件通信地耦接至處理器。
提供所揭示實施例之先前描述以使得任一熟習此項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明。熟習此項技術者將易於瞭解對此等實施例之各種修正，且本文定義之一般原則可應用於其它實施例而不脫離本發明之精神或範疇。因此，本發明不希望限於本文所示之實施例而與本文揭示之原則及新奇特徵最廣泛地一致。
102．．．OFDM符號
104．．．副載波展頻
106．．．時頻區塊
108．．．跳頻持續時間
110．．．載波展頻關聯
210．．．資料源
212．．．編碼器/交錯器
214．．．調變器
220．．．OFDM調變器
222．．．TX FH處理器
224．．．IFFT單元
226．．．循環前置項產生器
230．．．TX導頻訊號處理器
232．．．TMTR
234．．．天線
240．．．控制器
242．．．記憶體
220x．．．終端機
210x．．．基地台
252．．．天線
254．．．RCVR
260．．．RX導頻訊號處理器
262．．．數位訊號處理器
270．．．OFDM解調變器
272．．．循環前置項移除單元
274．．．FFT單元
276．．．RX FH處理器
280．．．解調變器
282．．．解交錯器/解碼器
284．．．資料儲集器
290．．．控制器
292．．．記憶體
圖1說明根據一實施例之FH-OFDMA之情形中之MC-CDMA的概念；
圖2展示根據一實施例之終端機之方塊圖；
圖3展示根據一實施例之基地台之方塊圖。
102．．．OFDM符號
104．．．副載波展頻
106．．．時頻區塊
108．．．跳頻持續時間
110．．．載波展頻關聯

Claims (15)

  1. 一種一無線多載波通信系統之方法，其包含：將一上鏈上之副載波劃分為非重疊組；配置一時頻區塊至複數個共同的使用者，該複數個使用者包含一第一使用者及一第二使用者，該時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；在該時頻區塊上擴展該第一使用者及該第二使用者之符號，其中該第一使用者之該等符號係使用一第一正交碼集而擴展，該第一正交碼集不同於用以擴展該第二使用者之符號之一第二正交碼集；將該複數個使用者之每一擴展符號映射至一在該時頻區塊中之調變符號；基於該等經映射符號來產生一正交波形；及傳輸該正交波形。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中劃分該副載波展頻進一步包含將連續副載波劃分為該等非重疊組。
  3. 如請求項2之方法，其中產生該正交波形包含產生一正交分頻多工(OFDM)波形，且其中傳輸該正交波形包含傳輸該OFDM波形。
  4. 如請求項2之方法，其中產生該正交波形包含產生一正交分頻多重接取(OFDMA)波形，且其中傳輸該正交波形包含傳輸該OFDMA波形。
  5. 如請求項2之方法，其中該等非重疊組獨立地跳頻。
  6. 如請求項2之方法，其中擴展該等符號包含擴展導頻訊 號符號。
  7. 如請求項2之方法，其中擴展該等符號包含擴展ACK/NACK符號。
  8. 如請求項2之方法，其中擴展該等符號包含擴展頻道品質指示符(CQI)符號。
  9. 如請求項2之方法，其中擴展該等符號包含擴展請求符號。
  10. 如請求項2之方法，其中該等正交碼係Walsh碼。
  11. 如請求項2之方法，其中該等正交碼係Gold碼。
  12. 一種用於一無線多載波通信系統之裝置，其包含：用於將一上鏈上之副載波劃分為非重疊組之構件；用於配置一時頻區塊至複數個共同的使用者之構件，該複數個使用者包含一第一使用者及一第二使用者，該時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；用於在該時頻區塊上擴展該第一使用者及該第二使用者之符號之構件，其中該第一使用者之該等符號係使用一第一正交碼集而擴展，該第一正交碼集不同於用以擴展該第二使用者之符號之一第二正交碼集；用於將該複數個使用者之每一擴展符號映射至一在該時頻區塊中之調變符號之構件；用於基於該等經映射符號來產生一正交波形之構件；及用於傳輸該正交波形之構件。
  13. 一種用於一無線多載波通信系統之裝置，其包含：一控制器，其可操作以： 將一上鏈上之副載波劃分為非重疊組；配置一時頻區塊至複數個共同的使用者，該複數個使用者包含一第一使用者及一第二使用者，該時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；一處理器，其可操作以：在該時頻區塊上擴展複數個使用者之符號，其中該第一使用者之該等符號係使用一第一正交碼集而擴展，該第一正交碼集不同於指派給該第二使用者之符號之一第二正交碼集；及將該複數個使用者之每一擴展符號映射至一在該時頻區塊中之調變符號；及一傳輸器，其可操作以：基於該等經映射符號來產生一正交波形；及傳輸該正交波形。
  14. 一種一無線多載波通信系統之接收器，其中一時頻區塊被配置至複數個共同的使用者，該複數個使用者包含一第一使用者及一第二使用者，該接收器包含：一天線，其用於接收一正交波形，該正交波形包含使用指派給該第一使用者之一第一正交碼集而在該時頻區塊上擴展之該第一使用者及該第二使用者之符號，該第一正交碼集不同於指派給該第二使用者之符號之一第二正交碼集；一解調變器，其用於解調變該正交波形，藉此建立擴展符號； 一處理器，其用於確定一來自該等擴展符號之接收時頻區塊；及一解擴展器，其用於使用指派給該第一使用者之該第一正交碼集而解擴展該接收時頻區塊中的該等擴展符號。
  15. 一種非暫時性的電腦可讀媒體，其體現可由一處理器執行之程式碼以實施一用於一無線多載波通信系統之方法，該方法包含：將一上鏈上之副載波展頻劃分為非重疊組；配置一時頻區塊至複數個共同的使用者，該複數個使用者包含一第一使用者及一第二使用者，該時頻區塊具有一跳頻持續時間及一非重疊組；在該時頻區塊上擴展該第一使用者及該第二使用者之符號，其中該第一使用者之該等符號係使用一第一正交碼集而擴展，該第一正交碼集不同於用以擴展該第二使用者之符號之一第二正交碼集；將該複數個使用者之每一擴展符號映射至一在該時頻區塊中之調變符號；基於該等經映射符號來產生一正交波形；及傳輸該正交波形。
TW101111962A 2004-12-22 2005-12-22 在一正交上鏈中之多載波分碼多重接取（ｍｃ-ｃｄｍａ）多工處理 TWI451705B (zh)

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