TWI437004B - 金屬氧化物塗料 - Google Patents
金屬氧化物塗料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI437004B TWI437004B TW097142062A TW97142062A TWI437004B TW I437004 B TWI437004 B TW I437004B TW 097142062 A TW097142062 A TW 097142062A TW 97142062 A TW97142062 A TW 97142062A TW I437004 B TWI437004 B TW I437004B
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- Prior art keywords
- osi
- compound
- group
- formula
- metal oxide
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 ITO Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- ACYKYDRFAMWELS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,5-pentamethyl-1,4-dioxane Chemical class CC1COC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 ACYKYDRFAMWELS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QZYQTANRAZJXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(COC(C(O1)(C)C)(C)O)C Chemical compound CC1(COC(C(O1)(C)C)(C)O)C QZYQTANRAZJXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021617 Indium monochloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M indium(1+);chloride Chemical compound [In]Cl APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCCC2=C1 UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000032365 Electromagnetic interference Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006612 decyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006618 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SPBABOXVHANPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCCCCCCCCO[Ti](OCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C)(OCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C)OCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C)(C)C Chemical compound CC(CCCCCCCCCO[Ti](OCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C)(OCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C)OCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C)(C)C SPBABOXVHANPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical class [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium on carbon Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000009298 Trigla lyra Species 0.000 description 1
- HPLXJFZCZSBAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] Chemical compound [V+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] HPLXJFZCZSBAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QATGEAOWNOIFBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(methoxy)methylidene]carbamic acid Chemical compound CO\C(N)=N\C(O)=O QATGEAOWNOIFBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
- C01G1/02—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/32—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation or hydrolysis of elements or compounds in the liquid or solid state or in non-aqueous solution, e.g. sol-gel process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/30—Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide by thermal decomposition or by hydrolysis or oxidation of aluminium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G19/00—Compounds of tin
- C01G19/02—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0834—Compounds having one or more O-Si linkage
- C07F7/0838—Compounds with one or more Si-O-Si sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/02—Amorphous compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
Description
本申請案為一非臨時申請案且主張在2007年6月22日提出申請之美國臨時專利申請序號60/945,715之優先權,將其完整內容倂入本文以供參考。
本發明關於藉由水解至少一種式I化合物而製造包含至少一種金屬氧化物的物品之方法。該方法可另外包括以水解之前的化合物塗佈基板,及/或在從約50℃至約450℃為範圍之溫度下加熱化合物。
透明導電氧化物(TCO)為在很多各種光電裝置中發現有利用性的電子材料,該等光電裝置包括,但不限於平板顯示器、液晶顯示器、電漿顯示器、電激發光顯示器、觸控板及太陽能電池。這些材料亦被用作抗靜電塗料及電-磁干擾(EMI)屏蔽。TCO對許多新興科技至關重要,諸如有機電激發光裝置(顯示器及照明裝置二者)、光伏打(PV)裝置,包括具有內在薄層的結晶-Si異質接面、非晶矽、CdTe、CuIn(Ga)Se2
(CIGS)及有機光伏打電池。TCO作用為透明導電窗,結構模板,且擴散障壁TCO亦用於汽車及建築工業中的各種光學塗料,特別用作紅外線反射塗料(熱鏡)。雖然TCO材料的主要期望特徵常見於許多科技,包括跨越寬廣的光譜範圍的高光學透射率及低電阻率,特殊的TCO參數隨不同系統而變動。新興科技需要具有更好的調整至其要求之性質的新型透明導體。目前用作TCO之組成物數量受限於少數的主系統及二元系統。這主要是因為兩種因素:1)結晶金屬氧化物相在彼此之中有限的容積溶解度,及2)目前所使用方法的某些技術限制。如果可以克服這些挑戰,則經證明適合的透明及導電二元、三元及甚至四元相的數量可能較多(A. J. Freeman,K. R. Poeppelmeier,T. O. Mason,R. P. H. Chang,and T. J. Marks,MRS Bulletin,45-51,August 2000)。一些相可能只存在於薄膜中,因為在該情況中的相分離在動力學上受到膜薄度的阻礙。
用於製造很多種組份TCO的適宜方式是使用固體揮發性有機金屬前驅物的低壓或高壓CVD。然而,CVD需要前驅物分解所必要的高基板溫度(400-450℃)。雖然事實是該方法可應用於大面積生產,但是其受限於熱穩定基板(諸如玻璃及金屬箔)且不可應用於TCO層直接沉積在諸如CIGS、CdTe及有機PV之光吸收體上。
TCO在商業上以磁控管濺鍍製造。亦可應用其他的物理沉積技術(電子束蒸發、脈衝雷射沉積等)。經廣泛認許的是濺鍍提供在金屬氧化物膜,特別是ITO、ZnO及ZnO-Al2
O3
的高光學透明度及導電度方面最好的結果。然而,昂貴的真空設備、高能量消耗(~30仟瓦/平方公尺)及分批生產全部構成為高的科技成本。另外,PVD科技加強某些限制於多組份(超過兩種)TCO的發展,因為有控制均勻的元件分佈及因此隨時間的材料性質一致性的技術難度。因此,PVD方法不完全適合發展新興的PV系統之新型TCO配方。該領域的進展係以多樣性及變通性的方法為主題。
因此,對以溶液為基的科技有需求,其具有與PVD相比而製程成本降低的額外利益,非常適合於快速的捲軸式(roll-to-roll)製造。
不同的PV裝置零件(非晶矽層、CIGS層、有機PV、CdS接面層、TCO)以溶液為基的製備作用已為最近密集研究的主題。雖然己由學術界及工業界二者在各種PV組份的高產量製造達成顯著的進展,但是適合以溶液為基的低溫TCO生產仍在挑戰中且可能是完全以溶液加工之PV的最終障礙。己盡最大的努力發展印刷TCO。雖然在該領域中已有某些進展,但是沒有任何商業化材料被用於PV裝置,大部分因為在與那些以濺鍍所生產的TCO相比時較差的導電度-透明度性質。已知的濕式方法具有限制,其阻礙該等方法達成由PV科技加強之目標:片電阻<7Ω/□、在光譜的近UV-可見光-近IR區域的光學透射率>90%及低濁度。
已嘗試許多以濕式法製造TCO的研究途徑。溶膠-凝膠法比較慢,其係經由形成多孔澱積物來進行且需要以高溫用於膜結晶及稠密化。該方法的化學本性不允許製造高品質的TCO。金屬有機物分解可以相對快速進行,但是像CVD一樣,其需要以高溫用於前驅物降解。該方法係從稀釋的前驅物溶液或漿體在液體載體中降解開始及導致多孔膜的形成。用於ITO製造的奈米溶液油墨被廣泛地以低階應用商業化。其於PV裝置的使用仍遠離於現實情況,首要因為燒結奈米粒子所必要的高溫,第二因為不足的導電度-透明度性能。後者為燒結法的固有問題,因為在原始粒子之間的邊界不可能在低於450℃之溫度下完全消除。這些邊界為低載體濃度、低電荷遷移及高濁度的原因。氧化噴霧熱裂解被廣泛地用於FTO(氟化氧化錫)及ATO(氧化銻錫)製造。亦可用於ZnO,且有可能用於其他的TCO。除了高溫(450-550℃)需求之外,該方法不可能有高階的TCO膜製造。
因此,希望以多樣、可變通、低溫、低成本的濕式法製造各種廣泛的TCO。該等方法不僅允許降低TCO成本及可變通的裝置製造,並亦允許TCO具有可就特殊的科技要求而有更好的調整的性能,導致改進的裝置效率。
在一個觀點中,本發明關於一種式I化合物
其中
M為Mg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、As、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、La、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Hg、Tl、Pb、Bi、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th、U或Pu;
X為O1
/2
或OR;
R為烷基;
R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
及R7
獨立為H、烷氧基、C1
-C10
烷基、苯基或
R10
、R11
、R12
、R13
、R14
及R15
獨立為H、C1
-C10
烷基或苯基;
n等於M之氧化態減掉q之值;
m及p獨立為0或從1至5之整數;及
q為0、1、2或4;
其先決條件係
當q為1,則X為OR;及
當q為2,則X為O1/2
及M為Ti、V、Mn、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Sb、Ta、W、Re、Os、Th或U;及
當q為4,則X為O1/2
及M為Cr、Mo、W、Ru、Re、Os、U或Pu。
式I化合物的金屬中心可隨意地與路易士鹼配位,諸如非環或環醚、胺、膦、胂或硫化物之鹼。例如,一些以非配位形式為固體的Zn化合物可在與醚、THF或三乙胺錯合時為液體。
在另一觀點中,本發明關於藉由水解至少一種式I化合物而製造包含至少一種金屬氧化物的物品之方法。該方法可另外包括以水解之前的化合物塗佈基板,及/或在從約50℃至約450℃為範圍之溫度下加熱化合物。
本發明方法的優點包括:相對不貴的起始材料、相對低的製程溫度、低製程成本、高品質膜形成、製造多組份膜的能力、對各種基板的應用性,因為式I化合物好的濕潤性質、印刷性、確實控制的組份化學計量及容易的製程參數和材料性質的可調性。
式M(OSiMe3
)x
之金屬三烷基矽烷氧基衍生物是已知的,其中M為Ti、Zr、Nb、Tl、Hf、Sn及Al,且x為M的價數值(Journal of the Chemical Society,(1959),3404-11;Chemistry & Industry(1958),17)。四(三甲基矽烷氧基)鈦已在二噁烷中水解,得到聚(三甲基矽氧烷-鈦氧烷(titanoxane))(Canadian J. Chemistry(1963),41629-35)。在直接或從溶液塗覆基板時,這些材料典型地不生產均勻的膜。
本發明關於式I化合物及其製備金屬氧化物之用途。式I化合物的具體實施例包括下式之矽氧烷醇金屬(其中q為0):
下式之烷氧化物矽氧烷醇金屬(其中q為1):
下式之金屬氧化物矽氧烷(其中q為2):
及下式之金屬氧化物矽氧烷(其中q為4):
在特殊的具體實施例中,本發明的化合物具有下式:
其中R1a
、R3a
、R4a
、R5a
及R7a
為H或C1
-C10
烷基,較佳為甲基。
關於本發明的許多具體實施例,較佳的化合物取代基(R1-7
及R1a-7a
)為C1
-C10
烷基,更佳為甲基。較佳的金屬為Mg、Al、Sc、Ti、V、Zn、Ga、Y、Zr、Mo、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Ce、Gd、Lu及W。更佳的金屬為Al、Ga、Sc、Y、Ti、V、Zn、Cd、In、Sb及Sn。
特殊的式I化合物具體實施例包括Ti(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
、Al(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
、Ga(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
、VO(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
、Zn(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)2
、Sn(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
及In(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
。
用於製備式I化合物之方法包括下列反應:
Xq
M(OR)n
+nZOAc=>Xq
M(OZ)n
+nROAc (1)
其中Z為
其中M、R、R1
-R7
、m、q及n如上述所定義。
用於經由反應1可製備式I化合物的金屬包括例如Zn、Al、In、Ti、Zr、V、Ga、Sc、Y、La、鑭系元素、Bi(III),而尤其為Zn、Al、In、Ti、Zr及V。示例的R基團包括異丙基及正丁基。
MX1 n
+nZOH+nNR3
→M(OZ)n
+nNR3
H+
X-
(2)
其中M及Z如上述所定義,X1
為鹵基,且NR3
為脂環、環或多環胺,其可輕易形成鹽酸鹽,諸如三烷胺、吡啶、六亞甲二胺。
用於經由反應2可製備式I化合物的金屬包括例如Sn(IV)、Pb(IV)、Sb(V)、Nb(V)及Ta(V),尤其為Sn。
MRn
+nZOH→M(OZ)n
+nRH (3)
其中M、R、n及Z如上述所定義。
用於經由反應3可製備式I化合物的金屬包括例如Mg、Zn、In、Al、Ga及Hg。可在反應3中使用的式MRn
化合物的實例包括MgBu2
、ZnEt2
、InBu3
、AlBu3
、GaBu3
、HgMe2
。示例的R基團包括乙基及丁基。
本發明的化合物為典型的液體,其在有利的基板上具有極佳的濕潤性質且/或可溶於常見的有機溶劑中,並可以常見的塗佈法方便地塗覆。另外,該化合物典型地在室溫下於乾燥的空氣中具有穩定性,所以該等可以沒有任何特殊的防護措施而經處置。當在上升的溫度下暴露於濕空氣時,典型地50℃-450℃,較佳地100℃-200℃,則化合物藉由以大氣水份水解及/或熱歧化而轉化成金屬氧化物。副產物為揮發性低分子量矽氧烷,可將其輕易螯合。
因此,在另一觀點中,本發明關於藉由水解式I化合物而製造包括金屬氧化物的物品之方法。金屬氧化物包括單金屬與多金屬氧化物及摻雜之氧化物基質系統,包括例如ZnO、CdO、In2
O3
、SnO2
、Al2
O3
、Ga2
O3
與Sb2
O5
,以該等為基的二元、三元及四元氧化物,及在表1中所列之基質-摻雜劑系統。
較佳的金屬氧化物為TCO。包括一種以上的金屬元素的氧化物可藉由組合一或多種式I化合物及水解混合物而製備。
在本發明的方法中,式I化合物係藉由在水蒸氣的存在下在從約50℃至約450℃為範圍之溫度下加熱而水解。相對濕度典型地從約5%至約100%,較佳地從約5%至約75%,而更佳地從約10%至約55%。典型地需要非常少的水,因為生產金屬氧化物及/或水的其他反應可在製程期間發生。例如,由水解反應所釋放之矽氧烷醇(siloxanol)的二聚合作用可得到水,其可水解額外的金屬配位鍵(方程式4及5)。
M(OSiMe2
OSiMe3
)n
+2 H2
O→MOn
+n Me3
SiOSiMe2
OH (4)
4 Me3
SiOSiMe2
OH→2 Me3
SiOSiMe2
OSiMe2
OSiMe3
+2 H2
O (5)
金屬-矽氧烷衍生物可以未加入水的反應(6)進行熱重排。
M(OSiMe2
OSiMe3
)n
→MOn
+Me3
SiOSiMe2
OSiMe2
OSiMe3
(6)
形成金屬-甲基鍵及不穩定的矽氧烷酮(siloxanone)的熱重排(反應7)亦可得到金屬-烷基碎片,其可比矽氧烷醇金屬甚至更快水解。
M(OSiMe2
OSiMe3
)n
→MMe(OSiMe2
OSiMe3
)n-1
+Me3
SiOSi(Me)=O (7)
酸催化劑亦可增加水解速度。適合的酸包括有機酸,諸如乙酸、丙酸及丁酸。酸量典型地以總重量為基準計從約0.01ppm至約1000ppm為範圍,較佳地從約0.1ppm至約10ppm。
本發明的方法可另外包括以水解之前的式I化合物塗佈基板。供本方法使用的基板僅受到其最終使用的穩定性的限制,並可包括玻璃、陶瓷、塑膠、金屬、合金、木、紙、石墨、織物、有機或無機基板,諸如光學、電子或光電裝置的各種組份。可使用任何在基板上生產薄膜的方法,包括習知的塗佈方法,諸如,但不限於旋轉塗佈、浸漬塗佈、噴霧塗佈,及印刷技術,諸如網版印刷、噴墨印刷、凹版和凹版輪轉印刷、膠版印刷、套版印刷、雷射印刷及移版印刷。塗佈或印刷方法及其參數可影響膜的性質,諸如厚度及均勻度,且可經調整而達成所欲結果。可經調整之參數可包括例如溶劑類型、前驅物濃度、材料量、旋轉速度與旋轉時間(就旋轉塗佈而言)、滯留時間(就浸漬與噴霧而言)及其他的相關參數,亦為熟習本技藝者所明白。
式I化合物可在適用處以淨純液體塗覆,在製程溫度下具有相當揮發性的溶劑或溶劑混合物中塗覆。溶劑可影響水解動力學及膜性質二者。極性溶劑及與水互溶之溶劑可促進更快的水解。適合的溶劑包括烷烴類,諸如己烷、庚烷和辛烷;芳族類,諸如苯、甲苯、二甲苯;二烷基醚類,諸如二丙醚、二異丙醚、二-第三丁醚和二丁醚、乙二醇二甲醚與二甘醇二甲醚;環醚類,諸如1,4-二噁烷、1,3-二噁烷、呋喃、四氫呋哺、哌喃、四氫哌喃和類似物;酮類,諸如丙酮、甲基乙酮、環己酮;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺,及其混合物。較佳的溶劑為己烷、甲苯及二甲基甲醯胺。若必要時,可將適合的水(較佳為純水)量在溶液製備之前、期間或之後以任何方式加入溶液中。
在基板具有耐熱性時,則可執行額外的退火步驟。退火溫度係從約200℃至約450℃為範圍。
由於式I化合物有好的濕潤性質,故式I化合物典型地在基板上形成均勻連續的液體膜。在水解/熱解及若必要時退火之後,該液體膜轉化成薄且均勻的金屬氧化物膜。膜對基板的黏著性可依據基板本性及膜厚度而定,但是典型地以比0.5微米更薄的膜為好膜。
本發明的方法提供包括金屬氧化物塗料之物品,特別提供包括導電性或半導電性金屬氧化物塗料之物品,該塗料特別為薄膜塗料,依據金屬氧化物的本性而定,其具有高折射率、高催化/光催化活性、導電或半導電性質、非線性光學性質、轉換性質、障壁性質及/或黏合性質。可使用該方法生產透明半導體與電極、感應器、高折射率表面,諸如窗、光學件、陶瓷、具有非線性光學性質之元件、抗反射塗層、自動清洗窗、具有供NOX
還原及/或移除油與燃料之硫的催化性質之元件、保護塗層、抗腐蝕塗層、抗靜電塗層及供逐出有機物、水份及/或氣體的障壁塗層。亦可使用該方法製造用於光伏打裝置之透明電極、平板顯示器、觸控板、OLED、在LED燈與OLED中的梯度折射率層、在固態燃料電池塊中的孔塞、以黏合預形成之金屬氧化物粉末(諸如二氧化鈦反射塗料)及以染料敏化之太陽能電池。塗料的最終性質係依據金屬氧化物的本性而定。
在本發明的上下文中,烷基意欲包括直鏈、支鏈或環烴結構及其組合,包括低碳烷基及高碳烷基。較佳的烷基為那些C20
或更少之烷基。低碳烷基係指從1至6個碳原子之烷基,較佳地從1至4個碳原子,並包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基及正-、第二與第三丁基。高碳烷基係指具有7個或更多碳原子之烷基,較佳地7-20個碳原子,且包括正-、第二與第三庚基、辛基及十二烷基。環烷基為烷基之子集,並包括從3至8個碳原子之環烴基團。環烷基的實例包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基及降莰基。烯基及炔基係指其中二或多個氫原子分別被碳-碳雙或參鍵代替之烷基。
芳基及雜芳基意謂5-或6-員芳族環或含有0-3個選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子的5-或6-員雜芳族環;雙環9-或10-員芳族環系統或含有0-3個選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子的雙環9-或10-員雜芳族環系統;或三環13-或14-員芳族環系統或含有0-3個選自氮、氧或硫之雜原子的13-或14-員雜芳族環系統。芳族6-至14-員碳環包括例如苯、萘、二氫化茚、四氫萘及茀;及5-至10-員芳族雜環包括例如咪唑、吡啶、吲哚、噻吩、苯並哌喃酮、噻唑、呋哺、苯並咪唑、喹啉、異喹啉、喹噁啉、嘧啶、吡、四唑及吡唑。
芳烷基意謂連接至芳基環之烷基殘基。實例為苯甲基及苯乙基。雜芳烷基意謂連接至雜芳基環之烷基。實例包括吡啶甲基及嘧啶甲基。烷芳基意謂具有一或多個與其連接的烷基之芳基。實例為甲苯基及2,4,6-三甲苯基。
烷氧基(alkoxy)或烷氧基(alkoxyl)係指經由氧連接至母體結構的從1至8個碳原子之直鏈、支鏈、環組態之基團及其組合。實例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基、環丙氧基及環己氧基。低碳烷氧基係指含有1至4個碳之基團。
醯基係指經由官能性羰基連接至母體結構的從1至8個碳原子之直鏈、支鏈、環組態,飽和、不飽和及芳族之基團及其組合。在醯基殘基中的一或多個碳可被氮、氧或硫代替,只要與母體的連接點維持在羰基上。實例包括乙醯基、苯甲醯基、丙醯基、異丁醯基、第三丁氧基羰基及苯甲氧基羰基。低碳醯基係指含有1至4個碳原子之基團。
雜環意謂其中1至2個碳被雜原子,諸如氧、氮或硫代替的環烷基或芳基殘基。屬於本發明範圍內之雜環的實例吡咯啶、吡唑、吡咯、吲哚、喹啉、異喹啉、四氫異喹啉、苯並呋喃、苯並二噁烷、苯並二噁唑(在以取代基出現時,常被稱為伸甲二氧基苯基)、四唑、嗎啉、噻唑、吡啶、嗒、嘧啶、噻吩、呋喃、噁唑、噁唑啉、異噁唑、二噁烷及四氫呋喃。
經取代意謂包括,但不限於烷基、烷芳基、芳基、芳烷基及雜芳基之殘基,其中殘基中至多3個H原子被低碳烷基、經取代之烷基、芳基、經取代之芳基、鹵烷基、烷氧基、羰基、羧基、甲烷氧基、甲醯胺基、醯氧基、脒基、硝基、鹵基、羥基、OCH(COOH)2
、氰基、一級胺基、二級胺基、醯胺基、烷硫基、亞碸、碸、苯基、苯甲基、苯氧基、苯甲氧基、雜芳基或雜芳氧基代替。
鹵烷基係指其中一或多個H原子被鹵素原子代替的烷基殘基;術語鹵烷基包括全鹵烷基。屬於本發明範圍內之鹵烷基的實例包括CH2
F、CHF2
及CF3
。
矽烷氧基係指以具有交替之矽及氧原子之主鏈為基的飽和直鏈、支鏈或環結構及其組合,各矽原子係以單一氧原子與其最近的相鄰矽分開,且被0-3個氫、鹵基、烷基或芳基取代。
將新鮮蒸餾之異丙醇鈦(9公克,31.66毫莫耳,Aldrich)與250毫升無水環己烷在配備溫度計、加料漏斗、磁攪拌及連接至氬氣-真空管線之Liebig冷凝器的500毫升三頸圓底燒瓶中混合。將混合物加熱至55-60℃,並在劇烈攪拌下於1小時之內逐滴加入在50毫升無水環己烷中的26.5公克乙醯氧基五甲基二矽氧烷(0.128莫耳,使用購自Morrisville PA之Gelest Co.者)。將混合物加熱至55-60℃再經2小時,並允許其冷卻至室溫。將揮發物在減壓下移除。將殘餘物在80-82℃/0.5托下蒸餾,以供應13.5公克無色輕質液體Ti(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
。在25℃下以Abbe折射計所測量之Ti(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
的折射率(nD 20
)為1.413。
將異丙醇鋁(8.6公克,42.11毫莫耳,來自Gelest Co.)與250毫升無水環己烷在配備溫度計、加料漏斗、磁攪拌及連接至氬氣-真空管線之Liebig冷凝器的500毫升三頸圓底燒瓶中混合。將混合物加熱至55-60℃,並在劇烈攪拌下於1小時之內逐滴加入在50毫升無水環己烷中的26.5公克乙醯氧基五甲基二矽氧烷(0.128莫耳)。將混合物加熱至55-60℃再經2小時,並允許其冷卻至室溫。將揮發物在減壓下移除。將油狀殘餘物逐滴加入在170-180℃/0.02托下的短徑蒸餾器具中。在蒸餾之後獲得8.7公克無色油狀Al(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
。
將氧化三異丙醇釩(10.3公克,42.18毫莫耳,Gelest Co.)與250毫升無水環己烷在配備溫度計、加料漏斗、磁攪拌及連接至氬氣-真空管線之Liebig冷凝器的500毫升三頸圓底燒瓶中混合。將混合物加熱至55-60℃,並在劇烈攪拌下於1小時之內逐滴加入在50毫升無水環己烷中的26.5公克乙醯氧基五甲基二矽氧烷(0.128莫耳)。將混合物加熱至55-60℃再經2小時,並允許其冷卻至室溫。將揮發物在減壓下移除。將殘餘物在40-42℃/0.015托下蒸餾,以供應12.2公克帶黃色輕質液體VO(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
。
將在庚烷中的0.1M二乙基鋅溶液(40毫升,Aldrich)轉移至配備溫度計、加料漏斗、磁攪拌及連接至氬氣-真空管線之Liebig冷凝器的500毫升三頸圓底燒瓶中。在劇烈攪拌下緩慢加入無水異丙醇(6毫升,Aldrich)。加入額外50毫升無水異丙醇及將混合物回流1小時。將揮發物在減壓下移除,以供應白色結晶狀異丙醇鋅,將其在真空下以80℃經1小時乾燥。將無水環己烷(250毫升)加入燒瓶中,並使固體快速溶解。將混合物加熱至55-60℃,並在劇烈攪拌下於1小時之內逐滴加入在50毫升無水環己烷
中的17.0公克乙醯氧基五甲基二矽氧烷(82毫莫耳)。將混合物加熱至55-60℃再經2小時,並允許其冷卻至室溫。將揮發物在減壓下移除。將固態蠟狀殘餘物在真空下以50℃乾燥,接著轉移至昇華器具中,並在110℃/0.02托下昇華,以產生9.7公克白色固體Zn(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)2
。
將五甲基二矽氧烷(25公克,0.168莫耳,Gelest Co.)緩慢加入在劇烈攪拌下含有3.5公克水及1公克10%之Pd/C的50毫升乙二醇二甲醚中。在氣體釋放停止之後,將混合物以無水MgSO4
乾燥及經由燒結之玻璃濾器過濾。將濾液與CaH2
攪拌1小時,並在減壓下以50℃蒸餾。在蒸餾物中的五甲基二矽氧烷醇含量係以1H NMR分析測定。
將在庚烷中的1.0M SnCl4
溶液(20毫升,Aldrich)溶解在300毫升無水己烷中。加入無水三乙胺(15毫升,0.108莫耳),並將混合物攪拌10分鐘。將11.87公克五甲基二矽氧烷醇(0.08莫耳,在乙二醇二甲醚中之溶液)分幾部份加入,並將混合物在室溫下攪拌1小時。將混合物經由燒結之玻璃濾器過濾,並將濾液回流1小時。將混合物冷卻至室溫及再過濾。將揮發物在減壓下及最終在真空下移除。將殘餘物離心,以分離深黃色重油及無色上清液Sn(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
,產率約75%。
將InCl3
(10公克,45.2毫莫耳,Aldrich)溶解在150毫升無水甲苯中。為了移除與InCl3
進來的少量水,使溶液在氮氣下接受緩慢蒸餾,直到蒸餾溫度到達108℃時之點為止。將溶液冷卻至0℃。將68毫升在庚烷中的1.0M Mg(Bu)2
溶液(Aldrich)緩慢加入在0℃下劇烈攪拌的InCl3
中。在加完之後,將混合物在70℃下攪拌2小時。將固體以過濾分離。將濾液先在周圍壓力下蒸餾,以移除大部分的溶劑,並接著在0.1托下蒸餾。收集在70-72℃/0.1mm Hg下沸騰的餾份。獲得12.1公克InBu3
。將該材料溶解在200毫升無水己烷中,並將19公克五甲基二矽氧烷醇(0.128莫耳,在乙二醇二甲醚中之溶液)緩慢加入反應混合物中。在加完之後,將混合物攪拌1小時及接著再回流2小時,以提供丁烷釋放的安全散逸方式。將揮發物在減壓下移除。將殘餘物如就Al(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
所述方式蒸餾,產率>90%。
將4-英吋矽晶圓以在己烷中的5重量%之Ti(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
溶液以2krpm/30秒旋轉塗佈。將晶圓放入150℃烘箱中1小時。以橢圓偏光計所測量之所得塗層的折射率(nD 22
)在30奈米厚度下為1.721。在150℃下再處理6小時之後,所得塗層的折射率在30奈米厚度下為1.782。在450℃下再處理6小時之後,所得塗層的折射率在27奈米厚度下為2.122。
將在無水己烷中的10重量%之Al(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
溶液以2krpm/30秒旋轉塗佈在玻璃載片上。將基板在空氣中以150℃加熱30分鐘。形成150奈米厚度的透明非晶氧化鋁層。
將在無水己烷中的50重量%之Al(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
溶液以2krpm/30秒旋轉塗佈在石墨載片上。將基板在空氣中以150℃加熱30分鐘。形成300奈米厚度的透明非晶氧化鋁層。
將在無水己烷中的50重量%之Sn(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
溶液以2krpm/30秒旋轉塗佈在玻璃載片上。將基板在空氣中以150℃加熱1小時。形成500奈米厚度的透明非晶氧化錫層。
Ti(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
層係經由在4krpm/100秒下以旋轉塗佈液體Ti(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
而沉積在以ITO塗佈且以溶劑及UV-臭氧清潔之玻璃基板上,並在空氣中以200℃烘烤1小時。將金電極(500A)使用陰影遮罩蒸發在所得TiOx
層上。將裝置浸入pH 3之沸水中約10分鐘,並進一步在實驗空氣中乾燥。測量在逆向及正向極性偏差二者下的電流-電壓特徵,並觀察出在5伏特偏電壓下約250之整流比。經發現該裝置的整流比比在文獻中使用習知的溶膠-凝膠法[R. Konenkamp,Phys. Rev. B,vol. 61,11057,2000]的奈米-TiOx
多塗層所記錄者高10倍。
製備Ti(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)4
與VO(OSi(CH3
)2
OSi(CH3
)3
)3
以19:1之Ti:V比之混合物的50重量%之己烷溶液。將溶液在2krpm下經30秒旋轉塗佈在以ITO塗佈且以溶劑及UV-臭氧清潔之玻璃基板上,並在惰性氣體下以150℃烘烤15分鐘,以形成250奈米厚度的Ti(V)Ox
層。將塗佈之基板浸入pH 3之沸水中10分鐘,接著以去離子水沖洗及在空氣中以100℃乾燥。將鋁電極(1000A)使用陰影遮罩經由熱蒸發沉積在形成的(Ti:V)Ox
層上。純TiO2
層、在水解之前的Ti(V)Ox
層及在水解之後的該Ti(V)Ox
層之電流-電壓特徵顯示Ti(V)Ox
有顯著增加的面外導電度,其係與沒有釩組份的TiOx
塗層比較。
雖然在本文只示例及敘述了本發明的某些特性,但是許多修改及變化將為那些熟習本技藝者發現。因此,應了解以所附之申請專利範圍意欲涵蓋屬於本發明真正精神範圍內的所有修改及變化。
Claims (13)
- 一種式I化合物,
- 一種配位化合物,由根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物與配位至該根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物的M之路易士鹼所形成。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中m及p為0。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中M為 Mg、Al、Sc、Ti、V、Zn、Ga、Y、Zr、Mo、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、Ce、Gd、Lu或W。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 、R6 及R7 獨立為H或甲基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其係選自
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其係選自Ti(OSi(CH3 )2 OSi(CH3 )3 )4 、Al(OSi(CH3 )2 OSi(CH3 )3 )3 、VO(OSi(CH3 )2 OSi(CH3 )3 )3 、Zn(OSi(CH3 )2 OSi(CH3 )3 )2 、Sn(OSi(CH3 )2 OSi(CH3 )3 )4 及In(OSi(CH3 )2 OSi(CH3 )3 )3 。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中M為Al、Ga、Sc、Y、Ti、V、Zn、Cd、In、Sb或Sn。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 、R6 及R7 獨立為甲基。
- 一種用於製造包含至少一種金屬氧化物的物品之方法,該方法包含水解申請專利範圍第1、2、6或7項中任一項之化合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其另外包含於水解之前以該化合物塗佈基板。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中水解包含在從100℃至450℃為範圍之溫度加熱該化合物。
- 一種以申請專利範圍第10項之方法所生產之物品。
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