TWI387681B - 內燃機 - Google Patents

內燃機 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI387681B
TWI387681B TW096123043A TW96123043A TWI387681B TW I387681 B TWI387681 B TW I387681B TW 096123043 A TW096123043 A TW 096123043A TW 96123043 A TW96123043 A TW 96123043A TW I387681 B TWI387681 B TW I387681B
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internal combustion
combustion engine
casing
cylinder
combustion chamber
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TW096123043A
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TW200815670A (en
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Gerhard Figl
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Gerhard Figl
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L1/0532—Camshafts overhead type the cams being directly in contact with the driven valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/08—Shape of cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026—Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263—Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Description

內燃機
本發明係一種具有至少一個活塞式汽缸的內燃機。
在內燃機之汽缸的燃燒室內燃燒的不論是化石燃料、生物燃料、固態燃料、或是氣態燃料，都會產生造成環境負荷的有害物質，例如氮氧化物(NOx )、二氧化碳(CO2 )、煤灰或是灰塵粒子。
本發明的目的是要避免上述缺點，並提出一種能夠以合乎環保要求的方式運轉的內燃機。本發明之內燃機的特徵為具有一個裝有雙氣體噴射器之機殼，且此機殼具有兩個將氫氣及氧氣分別輸入活塞式汽缸之燃燒室之用的進氣口，以及兩個壓力控制及時間控制之電動進氣閥及其所屬的噴嘴針，燃燒室具有一個將燃燒產物排出的排氣口，同時一個熱分解觸媒轉化器構成燃燒室外殼，這個熱分解觸媒轉化器具有兩個將一空隙圍住且彼此間隔一定距離且同心的空心圓柱體，其中空心圓柱體與這個空隙相鄰的內壁具有一個能夠將流向位於內側之空心圓柱體的燃燒熱排出的金屬層，同時位於外側之空心圓柱體具有一個用於進水的進料口、一個用於排出爆衝氣體的排氣口、以及一個用於控制進水的溫度感測器。
最好能夠以一個受雙作用凸輪軸控制之彈簧閥將燃燒室的排氣口封閉住。
本發明的另外一個特徵是機殼的兩個進氣口分別具有一個線圈、一個電樞、以及一個壓縮彈簧。
本發明的另外一個特徵是彈簧閥在活塞位置從下止點到很接近上止點之間打開約160度。
以下以一個實施例並配合圖式對本發明的內容做進一步的說明。第1圖：本發明之具有雙氣體噴射器及一個熱分解觸媒轉化器之內燃機的一個部分斷面示意圖。第2圖：雙氣體噴射器之細部示意圖。第3圖：整個內燃機的示意圖。
從第1圖及第2圖可以看出，本發明之內燃機具有至少一個活塞式汽缸(1)及一個裝有雙氣體噴射器(2)的機殼(3)，且機殼(3)具有兩個將作為燃料用的氫氣(H2 )及氧氣(O2 )以2：1的比例分別輸入燃燒室(5)之用的進氣口(4)，這個過程是由兩個壓力控制及時間控制之電動進氣閥(6)經由兩個設置在機殼內彼此間隔一定距離的噴嘴針(7)依據需求精確地控制燃料的輸入。兩個進氣閥(6)各具有一個線圈(8)、一個電樞(9)、以及一個壓縮彈簧(10)。
由於氧氣和氫氣之間的反應不需要任何空氣，因此本發明之內燃機並沒有任何空氣進氣口。
由於在起動過程中不會有任何推動力，因此第3圖顯示的曲軸(11)是被一個未在圖式中繪出的電動起動器驅動，當活塞位置快要到達上止點時，雙氣體噴射器(2)會將氫氣及氧氣導入汽缸(1)的燃燒室(5)內。在冷起動階段是利用外源點火(例如點火火花或一根加熱棒)將輸入的以2：1的比例混合的氫氣－氧氣混合氣體(爆衝氣體)點燃。當燃燒室溫度穩定的達到約700℃時，外源點火就會被撤除，並調整成由一個事先設定之活塞位置自動點火的方式。在接下來的工作衝程中，混合氣體會以最高達3000℃的溫度燃燒，並產生水分子，同時因高溫而使壓力及體積變大的混合氣體會將活塞(12)推動到汽缸(1)的下止點。與曲軸(11)連接的擺動荷載(13)會將活塞(12)帶到上止點，在活塞位置從下止點到很接近上止點之間，一個位置在汽缸頭(14)上的排氣口(15)會被一個受雙作用凸輪軸(16)控制之彈簧閥(17)打開約160度，並將水分子排放到一個廢氣水槽(18)。在廢氣水槽(18)中收集到的水分子會被引導到一個純水水槽(19)，然後再被送到構成內燃機之燃燒室外殼的熱分解觸媒轉化器(20)，以便將水分子熱分解成氫氣和氧氣。接著所產生的氫氣/氧氣混合氣體會被引導到一個冷卻水裝置(21)，以便將混合氣體中所含的少量水蒸汽冷凝成水。接著將純的氫氣/氧氣混合物氣體引導到一個氣體分離裝置(22)，以便將氫氣從氧氣中分離出來。接著將分離出來的氣體送到一個高壓壓縮機(23)中壓縮，然後儲存在儲存裝置(24)中，以便再度被送到內燃機中作為燃料。
熱分解觸媒轉化器(20)具有兩個同心且彼此間隔一段距離(最好是1 mm至2 mm)的空心圓柱體(25，26)。空心圓柱體(25，26)將一個空隙(27)圍住，空隙(27)具有一個最好是由鉑、鈀、銥、鋨、銠、或是其他類似金屬構成的金屬層(28)。位於外側的空心圓柱體(26)在靠近底部的位置具有一個讓水流入用的徑向伸出的進水口(29)，以及在靠近頂部的位置具有一個將爆衝氣體排放到冷卻水裝置(21)用的徑向伸出的排氣口(30)。在位於內側之空心圓柱體(25)的燃燒室(5)內燃燒的燃料產生的熱會將位於內側之空心圓柱體(25)的由鉑構成的金屬層(28)加熱到約1200℃而達到熾熱狀態。經由進水口(29)流入空隙(27)的水會被熾熱的空心圓柱體(25，26)直接加熱成過熱的水蒸汽(2H2 O)，同時水蒸汽及由鉑構成的金屬層(28)之間的交互作用會將過熱的水蒸汽分子熱分解成H：O的體積比為2：1的爆衝氣體(2H2 ＋O2 )，也就是一種由氣態氫(2H2 )及氣態氧(O2 )組成的混合氣體。設置在排出氣口(30)之前的溫度感測器(31)會控制水的流入量，使所產生的過熱水蒸汽將熾熱的金屬層(28)的溫度維持在一個理想的數值(約1200℃)。
由於不需要本身的進氣衝程及壓縮衝程，因此本發明之內燃機可以用四衝程及二衝程的方式運轉。因此在運轉過程中，每一個汽缸的點火角度都可以從720度轉換成360度，也就是說可以在沒有延遲的情況下提升內燃機的效率。
本發明的優點是不會產生如氮氧化物(NOx )、二氧化碳(CO2 )、煤灰或是灰塵粒子之類的有害物質，因此不會造成環境負荷。
當然，本發明之可能的實施方式絕非僅限於前面描述的實施方式，而是可以依據本發明的基本構想加以變化。例如可以將內燃燒製作成一種回轉活塞式的內燃機。
1．．．活塞式汽缸
2．．．雙氣體噴射器
3．．．機殼
4．．．進氣口
5．．．燃燒室
6．．．進氣閥
7．．．噴嘴針
8．．．線圈
9．．．電樞
10．．．壓縮彈簧
11．．．曲軸
12．．．活塞
13．．．擺動荷載
14．．．汽缸頭
15．．．排氣口
16．．．凸輪軸
17．．．彈簧閥
18．．．廢氣水槽
19．．．純水水槽
20．．．熱分解觸媒轉化器
21．．．冷卻水裝置
22．．．氣體分離裝置
23．．．高壓壓縮機
24．．．儲存裝置
25,26．．．空心圓柱體
27．．．空隙
28．．．金屬層
29．．．進水口
30．．．排氣口
31．．．溫度感測器
第1圖 本發明之具有雙氣體噴射器及一個熱分解觸媒轉化器之內燃機的一個部分斷面示意圖。
第2圖 雙氣體噴射器之細部示意圖。
第3圖 整個內燃機的示意圖。
1．．．活塞式汽缸
2．．．雙氣體噴射器
3．．．機殼
4．．．進氣口
5．．．燃燒室
6．．．進氣閥
7．．．噴嘴針
8．．．線圈
9．．．電樞
10．．．壓縮彈簧
12．．．活塞
13．．．擺動荷載
14．．．汽缸頭
15．．．排氣口
16．．．凸輪軸
17．．．彈簧閥
20．．．熱分解觸媒轉化器
25,26．．．空心圓柱體
27．．．空隙
28．．．金屬層
29．．．進水口
30．．．排氣口
31．．．溫度感測器

Claims (6)

  1. 一種具有至少一個活塞式汽缸的內燃機，其特徵為：具有一裝有雙氣體噴射器(2)之機殼(3)，且機殼(3)具有兩個將氫氣及氧氣分別輸入活塞式汽缸(1)之燃燒室(5)之用的進氣口(4)，以及兩個壓力控制及時間控制之電動進氣閥(6)及其所屬的噴嘴針(7)，燃燒室(5)具有一將燃燒產物排出的排氣口(15)，同時一熱分解觸媒轉化器(20)構成燃燒室外殼，熱分解觸媒轉化器(20)具有兩個將空隙(27)圍住且彼此間隔一定距離且同心的空心圓柱體(25,26)，其中空心圓柱體(25，26)與空隙(27)相鄰的內壁具有一能夠將流向位於內側之空心圓柱體(25)之燃燒熱排出的金屬層(28)，位於外側之空心圓柱體(26)具有一用於進水的進水口(29)、一用於排出爆衝氣體的排氣口(30)、以及一用於控制進水的溫度感測器(31)。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的內燃機，其中能夠以一受雙作用凸輪軸(16)控制之彈簧閥(17)將燃燒室的排氣口(15)封閉住。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項的內燃機，其中機殼(3)的兩個進氣口(6)分別具有一線圈(8)、一電樞(9)、以及一壓縮彈簧(10)。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項的內燃機，其中彈簧閥(17)在活塞位置從下止點到很接近上止點之間打開約160度。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項的內燃機，其中不具有空氣進氣 口。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項的內燃機，其中以四衝程或二衝程運轉時，每一個汽缸的點火角度為720度或360度。
TW096123043A 2006-06-28 2007-06-26 內燃機 TWI387681B (zh)

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