TWI355785B - Voltage regulator - Google Patents

Voltage regulator Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI355785B
TWI355785B TW094139151A TW94139151A TWI355785B TW I355785 B TWI355785 B TW I355785B TW 094139151 A TW094139151 A TW 094139151A TW 94139151 A TW94139151 A TW 94139151A TW I355785 B TWI355785 B TW I355785B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
transistor
voltage
output
circuit
gate
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TW094139151A
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English (en)
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TW200631273A (en
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Seiko Instr Inc
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/125Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M3/135Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/137Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • G05F1/569Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection
    • G05F1/573Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overcurrent detector
    • G05F1/5735Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overcurrent detector with foldback current limiting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Description

1355785 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關包含過電流保護電路之電壓調整器。 【先前技術】 圖3爲習知電壓調整器中之下垂(drooping)式過電 流保護電路的電路圖,當短路發生在過電流保護電路之輸 出端時,此過電流保護電路產生如圖4所示之短路電流, 且因此被稱爲下垂式。 此電路係由:誤差放大器11,用以放大基準電壓電路 10之基準電壓與在用來分割電壓調整器之電壓Vout之分 洩(bleeder )電阻器13和14之節點處的電壓Va間之差 電壓;及輸出電晶體12所組成。當誤差放大器11的輸出 電壓爲 Verr,基準電壓電路10之輸出電壓爲 Vref,且 Vref>Va 時,貝(J Verr 減少。當 VrefSVa 時,Verr 增加。 當Verr減少時,於在此情況中爲P-ch MOS電晶體之 輸出電晶體1 2處,閘極-源極電壓增加且ON電阻減少。 因此,輸出電壓Vout增加。當Verr增加時,輸出電晶體 12的 ON電阻增加且輸出電壓減小,藉以使輸出電壓 Vout保持恆定。當負載電阻器20增加且輸出電流增加時 ,輸出電晶體12的閘極-源極電壓增加,流入具有和輸出 電晶體1 2共用之閘極電壓的電晶體1 5中之電流也增加。 有了流入電晶體1 5中之較大的電流,流入電阻器1 6中之 電流增加。當電流等於或大於預定値時,由電阻器1 6所 -4- 1355785 造成之電壓增加超過電晶體17的臨界値,電晶體17被打 開且電流流入電阻器1 8中。然後,電晶體1 7被打開,輸 出電晶體1 2的閘極電壓增加,且輸出電壓減小,藉此, 過電流保護操作。 相對於習知電壓調整器中之下垂式過電流保護電路, 不管輸出電壓爲何,當過電流保護操作時所產生的電流爲 恆定的。輸出電壓被控制爲低,但是輸出電流保持爲高, 且使施加於電路上之負載保持爲大(見JP 2003-029856 A (第6頁圖3))。 【發明內容】 爲了解決習知問題,因此,本發明之目的在於獲得到 過電流保護電路,此過電流保護電路能夠藉由添加簡單的 電路至習知之下垂式過電流保護電路中,以控制當過電流 保護操作時所產生的短路電流。 依據本發明之電壓調整器被建構來藉由依據輸出電壓 之値來控制輸出電晶體的閘極電壓,以改變當過電流保護 操作時所產生之短路電流的値。 依據本發明,僅藉由添加簡單的電路至習知之下垂式 過電流保護電路中,有可能控制當過電流保護操作時所產 生之短路電流爲低。 【實施方式】 實施例 -5- 1355785 圖1爲依據本發明之電壓調整器的電路圖,電壓調整 器包含一基準電壓電路10、分洩(bleeder )電阻器13和 14、一輸出電晶體12、一負載電阻器20、一用於下垂式 過電流保護電路之電晶體15、一電晶體17、一電晶體19 、及一電阻器16,這些組件係和習知電壓調整器中之組件 相同。 和習知之下垂式過電流保護電路的不同在於由:一使 用供閘極電壓用之分壓電阻器之分壓點的電晶體1 ; 一具 有連接至電晶體1之汲極側的閘極及一和閘極共用之汲極 的電晶體2 ;及一共同連接至電晶體2之閘極的電晶體3 ,電晶體3的汲極側被連接至電晶體1 7的汲極和電晶體 1 9的閘極。 參照圖1之電路來敘述本發明的操作。 首先,當輸出電壓係正常時,分洩電阻器之分壓點具 有高於電晶體1之臨界電壓的電壓,並且電晶體1係處於 ON狀態。接著,流經電晶體1之電流使電流經由電晶體 2而流入電晶體3。因此,當電晶體1係處於ON狀態, 而同時偵測到高輸出電壓時,電晶體3被打開以控制電阻 値爲小的値。 其次,當短路由於某原因而發生在輸出端時,在輸出 端處之電壓減小且其輸出電流增加。因此,流入電晶體15 之電流也增加。當由電阻器16所造成之電壓增加超過電 晶體1 7的臨界値時,電晶體1 7被打開。當打開電晶體1 7 時所產生之電流超過流入電晶體3之電流時,電晶體1 9 -6 - 1355785 的閘極電壓減小,且因此輸出電晶體1 2的閘極電壓增加 ,藉此,過電流保護電路作用。 此時,隨著在過電流保護操作下之輸出電壓的減小’ 電晶體1的閘極電壓減小,且流入電晶體2之電流被抑制 。因此,過電流保護至少對流入電晶體1 7之電流的値起 作用。此外,因爲電晶體3按照和可變電晶體相同的方式 作用,所以當輸出電壓變得更小時,短路電流被控制爲更 小,如同在圖2之過電流保護特性中所示者。 又,在此實施例中,分洩電阻器之分壓點和誤差放大 .器之輸入具有共同的電位,但是它們並不需要具有共同的 電位。很明顯地,當比分壓點之電壓還更低的電壓被輸入 至電晶體閘極時,沒有任何問題發生。 又,分洩電阻器被使用於用來監視輸出電壓値之電路 ,但是藉由分開提供一電阻器等等以供監視用,能夠獲得 到等效特性。 此外,藉由以空乏型電晶體來建構電晶體1,輸出電 壓能夠被控制爲更低的電壓。 【圖式簡單說明】 在伴隨之圖形中: 圖1係依據本發明之電壓調整器的電路圖; 圖2係解釋依據本發明之電壓調整器中之過電流保護 特性的圖形表示; 圖3係習知電壓調整器的電路圖; -7- 1355785 圖4係解釋習知電壓調整器中之過電流保護特性的圖 形表示。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :電晶體 2 :電晶體 3 :電晶體
1 0 :基準電壓電路 1 1 :誤差放大器 1 2 :輸出電晶體 1 3 :分洩電阻器 1 4 :分洩電阻器 1 5 :電晶體 1 6 :電阻器 1 7 :電晶體 1 8 :電阻器 1 9 :電晶體 20 :負載電阻器 -8-

Claims (1)

1355785 十、申請專利範圍 1. —種電壓調整器,包括: ~分壓電阻電路,用以分割該電壓調整器之輸出電壓 * —基準電壓電路; ~~誤差放大器,用以比較該分壓電阻電路之電壓與該 基準電壓電路之電壓; —輸出電晶體,用以控制該電壓調整器之該輸出電壓 ’而同時接收該誤差放大器的輸出;以及 一過電流保護電路,包括一具有連接至該輸出電晶體 之閘極的第一電晶體、一連接至該第一電晶體之汲極的電 阻器、一輸出電壓監視電路、一具有連接至該輸出電壓監 視電路之輸出端的閘極之輸出電壓偵測電晶體、一具有連 接至該第一電晶體之該汲極的輸入端之電流鏡電路、一第 二電晶體,具有一連接至該第一電晶體之該汲極的閘極, 及一連接至該電流鏡電路之輸出端的汲極、及一第三電晶 體,具有一連接至該電流鏡電路之該輸出端的閘極,及一 連接至該輸出電晶體之該閘極的汲極。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之電壓調整器,其中,該輸 出電壓監視電路爲該分壓電阻電路。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之電壓調整器,其中, 該輸出電壓偵測電晶體包括一空乏型輸出電壓偵測電晶體 -9-
TW094139151A 2004-11-15 2005-11-08 Voltage regulator TWI355785B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004330443A JP2006139673A (ja) 2004-11-15 2004-11-15 ボルテージレギュレータ

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TW200631273A TW200631273A (en) 2006-09-01
TWI355785B true TWI355785B (en) 2012-01-01

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US (1) US7233462B2 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006139673A (zh)
KR (1) KR101109308B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100511939C (zh)
TW (1) TWI355785B (zh)

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JP4546320B2 (ja) * 2005-04-19 2010-09-15 株式会社リコー 定電圧電源回路及び定電圧電源回路の制御方法
JP4865504B2 (ja) * 2006-10-30 2012-02-01 株式会社リコー 電流検出回路及び電流検出回路を備えたボルテージレギュレータ
JP5082908B2 (ja) 2008-02-13 2012-11-28 富士通セミコンダクター株式会社 電源回路及びその過電流保護回路、並びに電子機器
US8115337B2 (en) 2008-12-01 2012-02-14 Texas Instruments Incorporated Soft-start circuit
JP5580608B2 (ja) * 2009-02-23 2014-08-27 セイコーインスツル株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
TWI427455B (zh) 2011-01-04 2014-02-21 Faraday Tech Corp 電壓調整器
CN102594145B (zh) * 2011-01-14 2014-08-20 智原科技股份有限公司 电压调整器
JP5670773B2 (ja) * 2011-02-01 2015-02-18 セイコーインスツル株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
JP2012203673A (ja) * 2011-03-25 2012-10-22 Seiko Instruments Inc ボルテージレギュレータ
JP2013200910A (ja) * 2012-03-23 2013-10-03 Toshiba Corp 半導体記憶装置及び半導体記憶装置の電圧出力方法
JP6030879B2 (ja) * 2012-07-26 2016-11-24 エスアイアイ・セミコンダクタ株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
JP6130112B2 (ja) * 2012-09-07 2017-05-17 エスアイアイ・セミコンダクタ株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
JP6342240B2 (ja) * 2013-08-26 2018-06-13 エイブリック株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
KR101630600B1 (ko) * 2014-08-06 2016-06-16 (주)태진기술 과전류 보호 회로를 갖는 전압 레귤레이터
US9853467B2 (en) * 2015-01-13 2017-12-26 Intersil Americas LLC Overcurrent protection in a battery charger
US10090688B2 (en) 2015-01-13 2018-10-02 Intersil Americas LLC Overcurrent protection in a battery charger
JP6506133B2 (ja) * 2015-08-10 2019-04-24 エイブリック株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
TWI559278B (zh) * 2015-09-30 2016-11-21 立錡科技股份有限公司 切換式電源供應器及其控制電路與控制方法
JP7031983B2 (ja) * 2018-03-27 2022-03-08 エイブリック株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
GB2599474B (en) * 2020-05-08 2023-04-05 Cirrus Logic Int Semiconductor Ltd Circuitry for providing an output voltage
CN112099560A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-18 上海华虹宏力半导体制造有限公司 线性稳压器

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JP4574902B2 (ja) * 2001-07-13 2010-11-04 セイコーインスツル株式会社 ボルテージレギュレータ
JP3782726B2 (ja) * 2001-12-13 2006-06-07 株式会社リコー 過電流保護回路
JP2004118411A (ja) * 2002-09-25 2004-04-15 Seiko Instruments Inc ボルテージ・レギュレータ
ITTO20030533A1 (it) * 2003-07-10 2005-01-11 Atmel Corp Procedimento e circuito per la limitazione di corrente in
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JP2006139673A (ja) 2006-06-01
TW200631273A (en) 2006-09-01
CN100511939C (zh) 2009-07-08
CN1777006A (zh) 2006-05-24
US20060103992A1 (en) 2006-05-18
US7233462B2 (en) 2007-06-19
KR20060054156A (ko) 2006-05-22
KR101109308B1 (ko) 2012-01-31

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