TWI331811B - Side emittintg led and lens - Google Patents

Side emittintg led and lens Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI331811B
TWI331811B TW092117122A TW92117122A TWI331811B TW I331811 B TWI331811 B TW I331811B TW 092117122 A TW092117122 A TW 092117122A TW 92117122 A TW92117122 A TW 92117122A TW I331811 B TWI331811 B TW I331811B
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Taiwan
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lens
refractive
light
central axis
reflective
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TW092117122A
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English (en)
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TW200402899A (en
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S West Robert
D Sasser Gary
W Stewart James
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Philips Lumileds Lighting Co
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Publication of TW200402899A publication Critical patent/TW200402899A/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0071—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source adapted to illuminate a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0018—Redirecting means on the surface of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/002—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
    • G02B6/0021—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces for housing at least a part of the light source, e.g. by forming holes or recesses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • H01L33/60—Reflective elements

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Description

1331811 玖、發明說明： 【技術領域】 本發明係關於2001年5月4曰申請的美國專利申請序號 09/849,042，標題為「側發光LED」及2001年5月4日申請 的美國專利申請序號09/849,084，標題為「LED透鏡」。該 兩項申請均已轉讓給本發明的受讓人，並經引述全部併入 本文。 本發明一般係關於發光裝置，更明確而言係關於側發光 之發光二極體（light emitting diodes ; LED)。 【先前技術】 圖1A說明一傳統LED包裝10。LED包裝10具有一先前技 術熟知類型之半球形透鏡12。包裝10也可具有一反射器 碗’其中有一 LED晶片（圖中未顯示），其向觀察者反射自 該LED晶片底部及側面發出的光。在其他包裝中，其他類 型的反射器按特定方向反射LED晶片發出的光。 透鏡12大致沿LED包裝1 〇的縱向包裝軸16形成—照明區 域14。自具有半球形透鏡12之一led包裝1〇所發出光的絕 大多數係從LED包裝1 〇向上發出，只有一小部分從側面發 出。 圖1B說明具有縱向包裝軸26的一已知發光二極體（led) 包裝30。LED包裝30包括一LED晶片％，一具有直體垂直 側牆35的透鏡32以及一漏斗形頂部表面37 ^光有兩個主要 路徑通過包裝30。第-光路徑ρι係從晶片^發出之光照射 至表面37所需之路徑’在表面37，全内反射（t〇tai 86378.doc -6 - 1331811 reflection，TIR)使光以與該縱軸成大約9〇度的角度從侧牆 35退出。第二光路徑P2係自晶片38向侧牆35發出的光，其 角度引起TIR或側牆3 5的反射，使光以不與該縱軸垂直的 角度退出該包裝3 0 ^該路徑係不需要的，其限制了側折射 光的效率。 圖2說明耦合於一折射光導2〇之一部分之邊緣之圖 傳統LED包裝1 〇 4ED包裝1 〇係沿光導20之寬度（橫向）位於 光導20之該邊緣。LED包裝1 〇發出之光線Rj、R2、R3係沿 光導20之長度（縱向）傳播。圖3說明沿圖2光導2〇之寬度定 位之複數個傳統LED包裝10。該等傳統LED/光導組合效率 不高，因其需要大量LED包裝10照亮該光導，並且由於較 小的接收角度，導致耦合低效。該等傳統LED包裝1〇必須 排列於光導2 0 —側之整個長度’以完全照亮光導2 〇。 【發明内容】 需要LED包裝有效耦合至淺反射器及薄光導。也需要 LED包裝允許該等次要光學元件具有較大的照明面積。
根據一項具體實施例，一透鏡包括一底部表面、—反射 表面 '與該透鏡之一中軸成斜角的一第一折射表面以及自 έ 亥底部表面向該第一折射表面延伸為一平滑曲面的一第 —折射表面。透過該底部表面進入該透鏡並直接入射於 反射表面的光係從該反射表面反射至該第一折射表面，並 被該第一折射表面折射，以實質垂直於該透鏡之該中轴的 方向退出該透鏡。透過該底部表面進入該透鏡並直接人射 於該第二折射表面的光係由該第二折射表面折射，以實I 86j78.doc 垂直於該透鏡之該中“方向退出該透鏡。 本發明之透鏡可方便用以提供側發光發歧置，該等裝 置UM薄及/或照明面積大的光導與反射器—起使用。 根據另-項具體實袍例，—發光裝置包括—發光半導體 裝置及-透鏡。該透鏡包括—底部表面、—反射表面、與 該透1¾之成斜角的—第—折射表面以及自該底部 表面向該第一折射表面延伸為一平滑曲面的一第二折射 表面該半導體裝置發出的％，透過該底部表面進入該透 鏡並直接入射於該反射表面，然後由該反射表 面反射至該 第折射表面，並被該第一折射表面折射，以實質垂直於 該透鏡之該中軸的方向退出該透鏡。該半導體裝置發出的 光，透過该底部表面進入該透鏡並直接入射於該第二折射 表面，然後由該第二折射表面折射，以實質垂直於該透鏡 之該中軸的方向退出該透鏡。 本發明之發光裝置可有效地耦合至淺反射器及薄光導。 本發明之發光裝置使用的次要光學元件可具有較大的照 明面積。 根據另一項具體實施例，一透鏡蓋包括可連接於一透鏡 的一底部表面、一反射表面、與該透鏡蓋之一中軸成斜角 的一第一折射表面以及自該底部表面向該第一折射表面 延伸為一平滑曲面的一第二折射表面。透過該底部表面進 入該透鏡蓋並直接入射於該反射表面的光係從該反射表 面反射至該第一折射表面’並被該第一折射表面折射，以 實質垂直於該透鏡之該中軸的方向退出該透鏡蓋。透過該 86378.doc 1331811 底部表面進入該透鏡蓋並直接入射於該第二折射表面的 光係由該第二折射表面折射，以實質垂直於該透鏡之該中 軸的方向退出該透鏡蓋。本發明之透鏡蓋具有與上述類似 或相同的優點。 【實施方式】 圖4說明根據本發明之一項具體實施例的侧發光LED包 裝4〇的一範例。LED包裝40包括一縱向包裝軸43、一 LED 包裝底座42及一透鏡44。透鏡44係耦合至該LED包裝底座 42。縱向包裝軸43自LED包裝底座43與透鏡44的中心通過。 如圖5A所示，LED包裝底座42的一表面支撐一發光LED晶 片52(—具有發光pn接面的半導體晶片）。LED晶片52可為 任意形狀之一，包括但不限於截短反向金字塔（truncated inverted pyramid ; TIP)(圖中所示）形、立方體、矩形體或 半球形。LED晶片52包括一底部表面，可接觸或塗布一反 射材料。雖然LED晶片52可自其所有側發光，底座42—般 係配置成沿該包裝之縱向軸向上向透鏡44反射所發出的 光。該等底座係傳統型，可包括一拋物面反射器，其中LED 晶片52位於包裝底座42之表面。已轉讓給本受讓人的美國 專利號4,920,404說明了該等包裝，經引用將其併入本文。 使用數個廣為人知的技術如菱形車制（即使用帶菱形頭 的車床車制透鏡）、射出成型及壓鑄，可將透鏡44製作成單 獨元件。透鏡44係使用透明材料製成，包括但不限於迴圈 晞烴共聚物（cyclic olefin copolymer; COC)、聚甲基丙晞 酸甲酉旨（polymethylmethacrolate ; PMMA) ' 聚破酸酉旨 86378.doc 1331811 (polycarbonate ; PC)、PC/PMMA、矽樹脂、碳氣聚合物及 聚醚醯亞胺（polyetherimide ; PEI)。透鏡44包括從约ι 35 至約1.7的折射指數（n) ’約丨.53最佳 丨疋很艨所用的材 料，可能具有較高或較低的折射指數。或者，可使用各種 技術包括但不限於射處成型（如插入成型）與壓鑄在[ED包 裝底座42及LED晶片52上形成透鏡44。 透鏡44與LED晶片52之間有—空間…可填滿並密封空 間54，防止污染使用矽樹脂的[£1)52。空間54也可為一真 空狀態’包括空氣或-些其他氣體，或填滿視覺透明材料， 包括但不限於樹脂、矽樹脂、環氧樹脂、水或任何其他材 料，其折射指數應在（例如）約〗.35至約17的範圍内，該等 材料均可用來射入填滿空間54。空間54内的材料經著色可 當作一濾色器，以便透過可見光譜之全部或部分。若使用 矽樹脂，則軟或硬矽樹脂皆可。透鏡44也可著色當作一濾 色器。 田 透鏡44包括一折射部分56(如圖所示，其可以但不必須包 括一或多個鋸齒）及全内反射（TIR)漏斗部分58。鋸齒部分 56旨在折射及彎曲光線，使光盡可能以與縱向包裝軸^成 9〇度的角度退出透鏡44。鋸齒部分56的鋸齒或折射表面59 均為全光透。在特定長度之鋸齒部分内可使用任意數目之 鋸齒59。透鏡44可形成為單一件’或者，形成為耦合在— 起的單獨元件。 漏斗部分58旨在提供TIR表面。該TIR表面可反射光，使 光盡可能以與LED包裝40之縱向包裝軸43成9〇度的角度退 86378.doc 1331811 出透鏡44。在一項具體實施例中，透鏡44之漏斗形部分之 該TIR表面反射自LED晶片52發出之光的約33%。可在漏斗 部分58之頂部塗布一金屬層（如鋁），以防止光穿透TIR表 面。也可在漏斗部分58之頂部塗布一塗層或薄膜（如一 U.V. 抑制劑），以防止PC在出現U.V.光而劣化時透鏡.也劣化。 也可使用任何廣為人知的密封劑如室溫硫化（Room Temperature Vulcanizing ;RTV)或類似物密封透鏡 44與 LED 包裝底座42之間的介面。 圖5B說明透鏡44與LED包裝底座42之外殼46之替代配 合的斷面圖。為簡明起見，圖中未顯示LED晶片52及底座 42之其他部分。透鏡44也可藉由各種連接方式連接於LED 包裝底座42，包括但不限於卡瑣固定、摩擦固定、熱鉚、 黏性焊接及超聲焊接等。圖5B所示的透鏡44的特徵可適用 於形成為單獨元件或裝入LED包裝底座42的透鏡。圖5C說 明圖5B之透鏡/外殼配合之特寫。表面S可卡接入表面R。 表面S也可與表面R摩擦接合。可使用各種方法將表面T焊 接至表面U，包括但不限於塑性焊接、聲音焊接及線性焊 接。密封或焊接涉及若干可能之組合，如透鏡44之表面S 與/或T密封/焊接至外殼46的表面R與/或U。 圖5D說明透鏡蓋55配合至具有半球透鏡12之傳統LED 包裝1 〇的斷面圖。例如，可藉由光學黏合劑將透鏡蓋5 5固 定至LED包裝10的透鏡12。透鏡蓋55包括一折射部分56(如 圖所示，其可以但不必須包括一或多個鋸齒）及反射漏斗部 分58，其與上述及下述之透鏡44的折射與TIR部分56、58 86378.doc -11 - 1331811 可具有以相同與/或類似方式運作之相同與/或類似的特 徵。 圖5E、5F與5G說明光穿過透鏡表面之各種曲率透鏡的射 線軌跡。圖5E至5G顯示的特徵可適用於以射出成型、壓鑄 或其他方式形成的透鏡。在一項具體實施例中，tir表面工 反射自LED晶片52(圖中未顯示，光係顯示從死焦點F發出） 發出之光的約33%。圖5E說明一彎曲漏斗形部分58，其中 表面I係由一曲面表示，該曲面保持一大於TIR臨界角度的 角度，但是以與縱向包裝軸53約成90度的角度將光導出透 鏡。圖5F說明一曲線漏斗形部分58，其中表面j係由彎曲成 兩個線性部分的一線條表示，各部分之角度均大於的 臨界角度，但是以與包裝軸約成90度的角度將光導出包 裝。圖5G說明一線性漏斗形部分58，其中表面“系由—直 線表示’其角度大於TIR的臨界角度，但是以與包裝轴約 成90度的角度將光導出包裝。 在圖5E至5G中，表面Η與表面I 一起按垂直縱向包裝軸53 的方向發光。表面I相對於該死焦點的角度約為8〇度。表面 A、B、C、D與Ε為晋通表面，因此，入射光以與縱向包裝 轴53約成90度的角度折射出透鏡。表面ρ、G、Η均大致平 行於直接入射光，以便使穿透該等表面的光量最小。線Ν 以下的表面將光折射出該包裝。線]^1以上的表面引導光通 過TIR與折射的組合退出透鏡。線μ與Ν需相互靠近，以便 最佳化側發光並使縱向發光最小。圖5Ε至5G顯示兩個區： 與縱向包裝軸53約成45度或更多的區折射及與縱向包裝 86378.doc -12- 1331811 軸53最多至約成45度的區TIR/折射。例如，在圖5E至5G中， 顯示了約40度的TIR/折射區。兩個區之間的介面與縱向包 裝軸53約成45度。線Μ與N之間的距離X應保持於最小，以 便使透鏡之側吸光最佳。線Μ可以等於線Ν(即Χ=0)。 圖6顯示圖4之LED包裝40發光的斷面圖。LED包裝40之 透鏡44產生一輪射圖案62，大致垂直於LED包裝40的縱向 包裝軸66。在圖6中，該輻射圖案62係大致垂直於LED包裝 軸66，並說明相關的光強度與分佈。照明區域62環繞LED 包裝40，大致為磁碟形或環形。光係以大約平行於一光學 平面64的角度自透鏡44中發出。 例如，如圖7A所示，側發光甚至允許單一 LED包裝40照 亮多個光導72。圖7 A說明幾乎端端相接放置的兩個平面光 導，其間隔至少應在該等光導72之間放置一個LED包裝40。 LED包裝40的側發光使光能夠進入各光導72。LED包裝40 也可插入光導72之體内。可使用各種形狀的光導》沿該等 光導長度的各側可為平面或錐形。例如，一單一側發光LED 包裝40可置於碟形光導（圖中未顯示）之中心。因光係從 LED包裝40之側面以超過360度的角度（即，以LED包裝40 為中心的所有方向）發出，光進入光導，並在整個光導（圖 中未顯示）中折射及反射。 光導可用透光材料製成，包括但不限於PC或PMMA。光 導可為均勻厚度或錐形。側發光使厚度範圍為2至8mm的薄 光導可有效照明。圖7B說明厚度為5.0mm(比透鏡44之高度 大）之光導73之一範例。因為光導73的厚度大於透鏡44的高 86378.doc -13 - 度，因而可在光導73中利用一盲孔94耦合LED包裝40。圖 7B、7C與7D之透鏡44的體積係自透鏡44的焦點F測量。圖 7C說明厚度為4.5mm(等於透鏡44之高度）之光導75之一範 例。因為光導75的厚度等於透鏡44的高度，因而可在光導 75中利用一通透孔96耦合LED包裝40。圖7D說明圖4之LED 的側發光進入較透鏡44之高度薄的光導77。因為光導77的 厚度小於透鏡44的高度，因而必須在光導77中利用一通透 孔96耦合LED包裝40。即使光導77薄於透鏡44的高度，LED 晶片52發出之光的大部分仍將被導入光導77，因為，LED 晶片52所發出光的大部分係自透鏡44之侧面發出。透鏡44 所發出光的大部分係瞄準位於該透鏡高度中部的光導77。 例如，從靠近透鏡44頂部側面發出的光將被稍微導向下 方，從靠近透鏡44底部側面發出的光將被稍微導向上方。 因光導77之厚度小於透鏡44的高度，將減少導入光導77的 光。光導77可為任何形狀，包括但不限於直線形、錐形、 矩形、圓形或方形。 應明白，圖7B至7D所示的尺寸係說明性而非限制性的。 在其他實施例中，透鏡及光導均可具有較所說明的實施例 大或小的尺寸。 圖8說明一平面光導82之一端部分的透視圖。側發光LED 包裝40使LED包裝40能夠置於光導82之内。光導82體内之 一或多個孔86對應於置於孔86内之LED總成40的數目。光 導82内之孔86可為任意深度，包括但不限於光導82之整個 厚度。LED包裝40的透鏡44不可接觸光導82。可在光導82 86378.doc -14- 1331811 以增加光導82的内 的至少一端塗布一反射塗層或薄膜84， 照明。 圖9A說明*裝於-平面光物之—盲㈣内的一側發 先LED包裝40。盲孔94之頂部表面91大致與平面光導μ的 頂邵表面95平行。盲孔94之頂部表面91可塗布一反射塗芦 或薄膜用以反射光’以便使較薄的光導包裝具有類似的镇 合效率。 圖9B說明安裝於-平面光導82之—漏斗形盲⑽内的 -側發光LED包裝40。該漏斗形盲孔％之頂部表面％大致 與LED包裝40之透鏡44的科㈣分58平行。盲孔％之頂 部表面93可塗布反射層用以反射光，以便使較薄的光導包 裝具有類似的糕合效率。該盲孔可具有—平坦、漏斗或弯 曲表面，以協助將LED發出的光重新導入該光導。 圖9C說明安裝於一平面光導82之一 v形盲孔97内的一側 發光LED包裝40〇該盲孔97之v形頂部表面％大致與led包 裝40之透鏡44的漏斗形部分58平行。該盲孔可具有一平 坦、漏斗或彎曲表面，以協助將LED發出的光重新導入該 光導。頁孔97之頂部表面99可塗布反射層用以反射光，以 便使較薄的光導包裝具有類似的耦合效率。 圖10說明安裝於一平面光導82之一通透孔96内的一側 發光LED包裝40。通透孔96使LED包裝40可以與光導82大 致垂直的角度安裝。 圖11說明一傳統LED/反射器配置。該種配置係使用與一 深反射器92组合之具有半球形透鏡12的Led包裝1〇 ^反射 86378.doc -15- 1331811 器92之腔的深形瞄準從LED包裝10之半球形透鏡π發出的 光。需要該深反射器腔控制該光。 如圖12所示，可使用一大面積淺反射器102與一側發光 LED包裝40組合，以在較傳統LED包裝10更廣的面積發光。 該透鏡之縱向包裝軸116係大致平行於反射器1〇2之輻射軸 122。該側發光可使反射器102的壁較傳統反射器92(圖11) 淺。自透鏡144發出的光大致垂直於LED包裝40之縱向包裝 軸116。與傳統LED相比，側發光LED包裝40可利用大面積 淺反射器實現非常高的收集效率。較與傳統LED總成1〇組 合使用之窄、深反射器92，淺反射器1〇2在更廣的面積瞄 準所發出的光。可使用BMC整體模塑膠、pc、PMMA、 PC/PMMA及PEI製成大面積淺反射器1〇2。覆蓋反射器1〇2 内側之一反射膜120可使用高反射材料金屬化 '噴濺或類 似處理’包括（例如）銘（AI)與鎳銘合金（nickel chrome ; NiCr)。與傳統LED/深反射器組合相比，使用深或淺反射 器的側發光LED可實現較高的收集效率。 雖然所說明的LED包裝及發光裝置包括具有若干鋸齒的 透鏡44，其他具體實施例可包括僅具有一個鋸齒或沒有鋸 齒的透鏡。例如’參考圖13，根據一項實施例，一發光裝 置150包括與上述透鏡44類似但不同的透鏡152。具體而 :，透鏡152包括具有一反射（如全内反射）表面一折射 表面Η的一漏斗形部分58，但是不包括如透鏡44(圖5A)之 蘇齒部分56的一折射鋸齒部分。相反，透鏡ι52的下部154 具有一折射表面156，其自折射表面H當作一平滑曲面延伸 86378.doc -16 - 1331811 至透鏡152的一底部表面158。若空間54係真空或包括一氣 體，則透鏡152之底部表面158可視為包括空間54與透鏡 152之其他部分之間的介面。或者，若空間54包括非氣體 材料如固體、液體或膠體，則底部表面158可視為包括該 等材料與LED包裝底座42及與LED52之間的介面。 與上述透鏡44類似，透鏡152可為以一中心軸43對稱（例 如，圓柱形對稱）。透鏡152的反射表面I可具有多種形狀， 例如上述的各種形狀及圖5E至5G所描述的透鏡44之表面I 的各種形狀。透鏡152可使用上述適於製作透鏡44的任何 材料及任何方式製成。 現參考圖14及圖13說明的光線軌跡，大致位於透鏡152 之焦點F之一發光半導體裝置如LED52發出的光可透過透 鏡之底部表面158進入透鏡152。直接入射至反射表面I之從 靠近焦點F發出的光係從表面I反射至折射表面η，然後由 表面Η以實質垂直於透鏡中軸43之方向折射退出透鏡152。 直接入射至折射表面156之從靠近焦點f發出的光係由表 面156折射，也以實質垂直於軸43的方向退出透鏡152。 為方便說明，圖13及其它圖式說明的光線在空間54與透 鏡152之其他部分之介面未顯示被折射。一般而言，由於 空間54之材料與透鏡其他部分之材料的折射指數不同（一 般很小），在該介面將發生光線的折射。表面！、Η及156之 形狀的選擇一般考慮了該種折射。 圖15說明透鏡152之斷面圖，其附加於包括一單一反射 鋸齒之透鏡160(虛線所示）之斷面圖上。除僅具有一單一折 86378.doc •17· 1331811 射鋸齒外，透鏡1 60在結構及功能上實質類似於上述透鏡 44。圖15顯示之透鏡152及16〇的實施例已經最優化，以與 實質類似包裝中之實質類似的LED—起使用。因此，透鏡 152及160之最低部分在大小及形狀上實質同樣。 如圖15所示，透鏡152之漏斗形部分58的直徑⑴係實質 小於其較低部分154的直徑D2。相反，透鏡16〇之漏斗形部 刀的直徑约等於其最低部分的直徑。在某些具體實施例 中，透鏡152之漏斗形部分58的較小直徑使透鏡152較透鏡 160(或包括折射鋸齒的其他透鏡）更容易製作，也更便宜， 以插入及連接至LED包裝，以及填滿（例如）矽樹脂或樹脂。 與上述類似，發光裝置150可與（例如）光導及大面積淺折 射器一起用於其他led包裝及發光裝置。 在另一項具體實施例中（圖16)，一透鏡蓋162係配合具有 半球形透鏡的傳統LED包裝10。例如，透鏡蓋162可藉由 光學焊接連接於透鏡12。透鏡蓋162包括具有一反射（如全 内反射）表面I及一折射表面Η的一漏斗形部分58，以及具有 自折射表面Η當作平緩曲面延伸至底部表面158的一折射 表面156的-較低部分154。透鏡蓋162可具有上述透鏡152 的形狀及對稱性’可使用上述適於製作透鏡44及152的任 何材料及任何方法形成。如上述透鏡152，led包裝1〇發出 的光係由表面I、Η及透鏡蓋162之表面156按實質垂直於該 透鏡蓋中軸43的方向導引。 本發明之上述具體實施例係說明性而非限制性的。因 此，熟悉技術人士明顯可知’可對本發明做出各種改變與 86378.doc -18- 修改而不背離本發明之較廣方面。因此，所附申請專利說 明包括屬於本發明之真實精神及範圍的所有該等改變與 修改。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1A說明一傳統LED包裝。 圖1B說明另一傳統LED包裝。 圖2說明一傳統邊緣照明光導之斷面圖。 圖3說明圖2光導之透視圖。 圖4說明本發明之一項具體實施例。 圖5A說明圖4的LED包裝之斷面圖。 圖5B說明配合至該LED包裝底座之外殼的透鏡的斷面 圖。 圖5C說明圖5B之透鏡/外殼配合之特寫。 圖5D說明配合至一 LED包裝之一透鏡蓋的斷面圖。 圖5E說明一透鏡之一項具體實施例的光線軌跡。 圖5F說明一透鏡之另一項具體實施例的光線軌跡。 圖5G說明一透鏡之另一項具體實施例的光線軌跡。 圖6說明圖4之LED包裝的側發光。 圖7A說明圖4LED包裝之側發光進入兩個光導的斷面 圖。 圖7B說明插入一光導盲孔之圖4之LED包裝的斷面圖。 圖7C說明插入一光導通透孔之圖4之LED包裝的斷面 圖。 圖7D說明插入一光導通透孔之圖4之LED包裝的斷面 86378.doc -19- 1331811 圖’該光導之厚度小於該LED白抽 匕裝之高度。 圖8說明一光導之透視圖。 圖9A說明安裝於一光遙士，， 、 導目孔之圖4之LED包裝的斷面 圖 圖9B說明安裝於一光壤士 尤導目孔《圖4之LED包裝的斷面 圖 〇 圖9C說明安裝於一^ 文衣於尤等目孔又圖4之LED包裝的斷面 圖 圖ίο說明安裝於一光導通透孔之圖4之LED包裝的斷面 圖。 圖11說明耦合至一反射器之一傳統LED包裝。 圖12說明組合一淺反射器之圖4的LED包裝。 圖13說明根據另一項具體實施例之一發光裝置的斷面 圖0 圖14說明穿過圖丨3說明之透鏡的光線軌跡。 圖1 5說明根據另一具體實施例附加在一透鏡斷面圖上 之圖13之透鏡的斷面圖。 圖16說明根據另一項具體實施例配合至一 LED包裝之一 透鏡蓋的斷面圖。 不同圖式中的相同參考編號表示類似或同一專案。應注 意’圖中尺寸不一定按比例繪製。 【圖式代表符號說明】 10 LED包裝 12 半球形透鏡 S6378.doc -20- 1331811 14 照明區 16 縱向包裝軸 20 折射光導 26 縱向包裝軸 30 LED包裝 32 透鏡 35 直體垂直側牆 37 漏斗形頂部表面 38 晶片 40 側發光LED包裝 42 LED包裝底座 43 縱向包裝軸 44 透鏡 46 外殼 52 LED晶片 53 縱向包裝軸 54 空間 55 透鏡蓋 56 折射部分 58 漏斗部分 59 折射表面 62 輻射圖案 64 光學平面 66 縱向包裝軸 -21 - 86378.doc 1331811 72 光導 73 光導 75 光導 77 光導 82 平面光導 84 薄膜 86 孔 91 頂部表面 92 深反射器 93 頂部表面 94 盲孔 95 頂部表面 96 通透孔 97 V形盲孔 98 漏斗形育孔 99 V形表面 102 大面積淺反射器 116 縱向包裝軸 120 反射膜 122 輻射軸 144 透鏡 150 發光裝置 152 透鏡 86378.doc -22 - 1331811 154 下部 156 折射表面 158 底部表面 160 透鏡 162 透鏡蓋 A 表面 B 表面 C 表面 D 表面 D1 直徑 D2 直徑 E 表面 F 表面 G 表面 H 折射表面 I 反射表面 PI 第一光路徑 P2 第二光路徑 R 表面 R1 光線 R2 光線 R3 光線 S 表面 T 表面 U 表面 86378.doc

Claims (1)

1JJ1011
第092117122號專利中請案 t文申睛專利範圍替換本(98年7月) 拾、申請專利範圍·· 1· 一種透鏡，包括： 底部表面； 一反射表面； 一與該透鏡之一 _,^ 攻斜角的第一折射表面；以及 自该底部表面以—平·普曲而κ从 的坌_ + β曲面延伸至該第一折射表3 的第—折射表面； 其中’透過該底部表面進 .,± 埂八°哀透鏡並直接入射於該及 射表面的光係從該反射矣 姑兮结 反射表面反射至該第一折射表面，立 被该第一折射表面折射 .以貝貝垂直於該透鏡之該t相 的方向離開該透鏡，以及 其中’透過該底部表面進人該透鏡並直接人射於該第 4射表面的光係由㈣二折射表面折射，以實質香直 於5亥透鏡之該中軸的方向離開該透鏡。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之透鎊，f ，义远鏡，其中該底部表面的至少一 部分係垂直於該中軸。 们主y 3 ·如申清專利範圍第1項之读户 、 兄’/、中该反射表面係以全内 反射反射。 如申π月專利乾圍第1項之透鏡，其中該反射表面係該透鏡 之一漏斗形部分的—表面。 5·如申請專利範圍第1項之透鏡，其中該反射表面、該第- 折射表面及該第二折射表面均各為·相對於該中軸具有圓 柱形對稱之表面的部分。 86378-980724.doc 1331811 6， 一種發光裝置，包括： 一發光半導體裝置；以及 一透鏡，包括： 一底部表面； 一反射表面； 一與該透鏡之一中軸成斜角的第一折射表面；以及 一自該底部表面以一平滑曲面延伸至該第一折射表 面的第二折射表面； 其中’該半導體裝置發出的光，透過該底部表面進入 該透鏡並直接入射於該反射表面，然後由該反射表面反 射至該第一折射表面，並被該第—折射表面折射，以實 質垂直於該透鏡之該中軸的方向離開該透鏡，以及只 其中，該半導體裝置發出的光，透過該底部表面進入 該透鏡並直接入射於該第二折射表面，然後由該第二折 射表面折射’以實質垂直於該透鏡之該中軸的方 該透鏡。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之發光裝置’其中該透鏡之該底部 表面的至少一部分係垂直於該中軸。 8. 如申請專利範圍第6項之發光裝置，其中該反射表 全内反射反射。 9·如申請專利範圍第6項之發光裝置，其中該反射表面係該 透鏡之一漏斗形部分的一表面。 ’、乂 1〇.^請專利範圍第6項之發光裝置，其中該透鏡之該反射 面該第一折射表面及該第二折射表面均各為相對於 86378-980724.doc ⑧ -2 - 1331811 該中軸具有圓柱形對稱之表面的部分。 π· —種透鏡蓋，包括： 可連接於一透鏡之一底部表面； 一反射表面； 一與5亥透鏡蓋之一中軸成斜角的第一折射表面；以及 一自該底部表面以一平滑曲面延伸至該第一折射表面 的第二折射表面； 其中，透過該底部表面進入該透鏡蓋並直接入射於該 反射表面的光係從該反射表面反射至該第一折射表面， 並被該第一折射表面折射，以實質垂直於該透鏡之該中 轴的方向離開該透鏡蓋，以及 其中，it過該底部纟面進入該透鏡蓋並直接入射於該 第二折射表面的光係由該第二折射表面折射，以實質垂 直於該透鏡蓋之該中軸的方向離⑽透鏡蓋。 12. 如申請專利範圍第丨丨項 牙唄之透鏡盍，其中該底部表面的至 少一部分係垂直於該中軸。 其中該反射表面係以 13·如申請專利範圍第u項之透鏡蓋， 全内反射反射。 14. 如申請專利範圍第U項之透鏡蓋 透鏡蓋之一漏斗形部分的—表面 其中該反射表面係該 15. 、該 麵具 如申請專利範圍第11項之透 咕 $疋通鏡盍，其中該反射. 第一折射表面及該第二折射 何射表面均各為相對於. 有圓柱开> 對稱之表面的部分。 86378-980724.doc
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