TWI324023B - Start-up automatic frequency control (afc) method and apparatus - Google Patents
Start-up automatic frequency control (afc) method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- TWI324023B TWI324023B TW095126609A TW95126609A TWI324023B TW I324023 B TWI324023 B TW I324023B TW 095126609 A TW095126609 A TW 095126609A TW 95126609 A TW95126609 A TW 95126609A TW I324023 B TWI324023 B TW I324023B
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- frequency
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
- H04B1/14—Automatic detuning arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
- H04B1/708—Parallel implementation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
- H04J11/0069—Cell search, i.e. determining cell identity [cell-ID]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to tuning resonant circuits and selecting resonant circuits
- H03J2200/02—Algorithm used as input for AFC action alignment receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/70735—Code identification
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0044—Control loops for carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0063—Elements of loops
- H04L2027/0065—Frequency error detectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0083—Signalling arrangements
- H04L2027/0089—In-band signals
- H04L2027/0091—Continuous signals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
- Channel Selection Circuits, Automatic Tuning Circuits (AREA)
- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Description
1324023 第一表-頻率偏差對可容許積分次數 頻率偏差 每一訊框之滑 差率 可容許積分次 數 ±6kHz=±3ppm 0.1152TC 4 ±4kHz=±2ppm 0.0768TC 6 ±2kHz=±lppm 0.0384TC 13 土 lkHz= 土 0.5ppm 0.0192TC 26 第二表-頻率偏差相對於同調組合之碼長度 以分貝 (dB)表示之損 失 同調積分 之碼長度 載頻偏差 Fc=2GHz 2.42 256 ±3ppm 6kHz 1.04 256 ±2ppm 4kHz 0.26 256 ilppm 2kHz 0.06 256 ±0.5ppm 1kHz 12.62 512 ±3ppm 6kHz 4.53 512 ±2ppm 4kHz 1.04 512 ±lppm 2kHz 0.26 512 ±0.5ppm 1kHz 1324023
Punctual[i]=input[i-511]i= offset,offset+1,offset+2,...,0ffset +511 第三方程式
Late[i]=input[i-511]i= offset+l,offset+2, 〇ffset+3,...,〇ffSet+ 512 第四方程式 儘管第2圖所提供之範例中的定位器與分裂器3传一 位器,然而應了解到,可結合PSC以外之任何接收二二 用s亥方法。 ,序列雜H與分抑之輸人取樣係_倍晶#速率達成。 每-頻率估計器34、36、與38係接收第二方程式至第四方程 式=供之三個輸入的其中之一。該等頻率估計器係依據第1圖 而^母-輸人相估計—不關率偏差,再於4G處將其相加。於 40處相加之頻率偏差係早期、當期、與晚雛計之和。 、 =等估計之和傳遞至一比例加積糊過濾器犯,娜 Ϊ頻貝他,其分別詳細顯示於第3圖中。該PI過遽 讀。初始時,分餅細顯示於 2他較佳地為1/2與1/256。迴路增益k係設為 他係分別設為1/16與_。第3圖係描述這種 值Λ ΐ 三表巾係總結係數阿法糾他之較佳設定 值。然而,亦可由其他_器來取代ΡΙ顧器。 又疋
當以下情死時’可建立穩態狀態: ~~~係數隨^乍狀態之變化 起動AFC完成至少十次⑽疊代; 時最後八個⑻輸_人至¥_置人長度 第二半平均之絕對值的差係在土ikHz内,·及 之目前輸出係在第二平均之絕對值的麵内。 起動AF^ —可由—數健制減帥吻來取代該VC〇。 1係在正賴PSC錄麟絲賴軸差。步驟 好在-更新PSC⑽。目此,_紙最 將依昭步m 序後立即開始’而與步驟1平行運作。步驟1 置,ϋΓΓ田 繼續在每N1個訊框提供更新的psc位 式運均的最大麻數量。_攸龜這種方 L個訊框之持續時間,其中㈣係最佳值。當侧到一 ㈣’將由控制器60設定步驟】旗標 ' 0*., , , 31致此狀L犄運作。由於尖峰位置 =夺地向左或向右移動,因此步驟丨演算法可持續不斷地運作。 至大束時,域AFC可在許錯況下,將解偏差減低 I 此將大幅增強步驟2之效能。包括有L個訊框將 θ加…胞疋延遲預算,而因此保守地選擇L=24。 PSC處理方塊66係在訊框上使同步化頻道(SCH)中之主要同 步化碼具有關連性。SCH位置係屬未知。 ssc分離n方塊68係_ SCH位置且僅分 將其傳遞至SSC處理方塊70。 冉 SSC處理方塊70係在SCH上使同步化頻道中之次要同 碼具有關連性。 中間碼分離器方塊72係利用SCH位置及SSC處理結果,且 分離出中間瑪部,再傳遞至中間碼處理方塊74。 1324023 中間碼處理方塊74係使SSC所提佴之 性,且選取具有最高能量者。祕之了^巾峡具有關連 胞元搜尋錢76翁施—餅 續不斷地搜尋最佳基地台。 I、·。疋週期内持 控制器60係協調各階段,以與一基地台同步。 層1控制8〇係相關於硬體及軟體來協調所 收器保持適當之操作。 a 1,以使接
【圖式簡單說明】 .元件係 可藉由以下之說明及圖式來了解本發明,其 以相同之代碼指示,其中: 之兀 第1圖係顯示驗起動AFC之相位旋轉方法的方塊 —第2A圖及第2B圖需互相結合’其包括起動AFc與胞元搜 肩异法步驟1、2、及3之間之交戶作用的方塊圖。 第2圖係顯示將第2A _第2B圖安排成’可建立出一士效 方塊圖的型式。 凡正 第3圖係一比例加積分(pi)過濾器之程序圖。 主要元件符號說明: 20、22相關器 32序列定位器&分裂器 34、36、38頻率估計器 42 PI過濾器 44正負倒置器 46電壓控制振盪器或數值控制振盪器 6〇控制器 68 SSC分離器 72中間碼分離器 80層1控制器 11
Claims (1)
1324023 I 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種頻率控制方法,其尹至少—頻率 2括以藉由-接收器的一震盪器來控制一頻率二生生 估5二來自接收信號的取樣的—接收 相位在-正向及-負向中之-給定頻率上旋轉ϋ子序 1 之一 提/-該第接-收/出列與紅向旋轉相位的該错存序列相關連,以 提^負向旋轉相位的該儲存序列相關連,以 估計將該第-與第二輸出進行组合以提供該接收序列的一頻率 3* 期的接收序^=計月的版本被執行,以提供早期、當期及晚 5八:該估計是以關於接收序列 6 該接收信號之-接收之輸 在調整該功率位準後以及 增益控5項之方法’其中該功率位準係使用開迴路 K wSi 輪要同步化碼。 該接收信號操取ί一第二化石^包括利用該主要同步化碼自 η·如申請專利麵高能量之一中 12 叫 4023 選自該擷取出之中間 …二·[--…- 咖内進行一 申請3=ί;2=:ί:ίΡΓ以數值控制。 15. 如申請專利範圍第Μ4 ;震^^係以電壓控制。 行。 項之方法,疋由—使用者設備所執 16. 種無線通信接收5|,直且古 Φ *8. 〇„ 〇, 至少-解料來^整由、該魏置為使用 通信接收H包括: 展為裝置所產生的鮮,該無線 接其配置為產生來自於一接收信號的取樣的 該頻率估計器裝置包括: 相位iiir正向及一負向令一給定頻率上旋轉-儲存序列 連的裝置f °亥接收序列與該正向旋轉相位的該儲存序列相關 連的裝置接收相與該負向旋轉相簡該儲存序列相關 —頻裝置讀岐倾如產生該接收序列的 配置申用估5 生3含-序列定位器,其 計,及包括一經配期 '當期及晚期版本的頻率估 之和的加總器 總該早期、當期及晚期的頻率估計 項之接收11,其中該頻率估計器裝置係 過滹、之接收态,更包括一過濾器裝置,該 Ιϋϊϊΐί置用頁率估計進行選擇性地積分以回應 搜福理之—祕或穩定狀祕件,而該震盪II裝置則 IS] 13 1324023 H峨聰丨 包含-電壓控制振盈器(vco)與—數值控制振盛器邮0)其中 之一,以用於回應該經積分之誤差估計來調整頻率。 /、 21. 如申請專利範圍第20項之接收器,其中該過遽器裝置係一比 例積分(PI)過濾器。 22. 如申請專利範圍第20項之接收器,其中該過濾器裝置係為具 有一延遲元素l/(l-z-1)之一數位過濾器。 23. —種包含申請專利範圍第16、17' 18、19、20、21或22項所 述接收器的使用者設備。 '
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US39981802P | 2002-07-31 | 2002-07-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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TW200723900A TW200723900A (en) | 2007-06-16 |
TWI324023B true TWI324023B (en) | 2010-04-21 |
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Family Applications (3)
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TW092120457A TWI224740B (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-25 | Start-up automatic frequency control (AFC) method and apparatus |
TW095126609A TWI324023B (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-25 | Start-up automatic frequency control (afc) method and apparatus |
TW093106094A TW200509706A (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2004-03-08 | Start-up automatic frequency control (AFC) method and apparatus |
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TW092120457A TWI224740B (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2003-07-25 | Start-up automatic frequency control (AFC) method and apparatus |
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TW093106094A TW200509706A (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2004-03-08 | Start-up automatic frequency control (AFC) method and apparatus |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US7187732B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1540912B1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003254244A1 (zh) |
TW (3) | TWI224740B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004012463A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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TWI224740B (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-12-01 | Interdigital Tech Corp | Start-up automatic frequency control (AFC) method and apparatus |
US7555013B2 (en) * | 2002-08-12 | 2009-06-30 | Harris Corporation | Method and system for the blind determination of frequency hopping system characteristics and synchronization thereto |
US7684472B2 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2010-03-23 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for frequency-robust detection of a wideband code division multiple access secondary synchronization channel |
KR100594146B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-11 | 2006-06-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비동기 이동통신 시스템에서 초기 주파수 옵셋 추정 장치및 방법 |
US7885319B2 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2011-02-08 | Broadcom Corporation | Multiple branch PSYNC detection module |
US7885237B2 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2011-02-08 | Broadcom Corporation | Cell search operations using multibranch PSYNC detection module |
US8098630B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2012-01-17 | Research In Motion Limited | Scanning methods and apparatus for system acquisition |
EP2117128B1 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2012-11-21 | Research In Motion Limited | Scanning methods and apparatus for system acquisition |
KR101722687B1 (ko) | 2010-08-10 | 2017-04-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 객체간 또는 객체와 유저간에 정보 제공 방법, 그 방법을 수행할 수 있는 유저 디바이스, 및 저장 매체 |
US8548033B2 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-10-01 | Microchip Technology Incorporated | Automatic frequency control under low signal-to-noise conditions |
TWI462539B (zh) * | 2012-03-06 | 2014-11-21 | Mstar Semiconductor Inc | 頻率校正方法 |
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CN1104095C (zh) | 1998-04-30 | 2003-03-26 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | 码分多址发射机和接收机 |
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TWI224740B (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-12-01 | Interdigital Tech Corp | Start-up automatic frequency control (AFC) method and apparatus |
-
2003
- 2003-07-25 TW TW092120457A patent/TWI224740B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-25 TW TW095126609A patent/TWI324023B/zh active
- 2003-07-28 WO PCT/US2003/023658 patent/WO2004012463A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-28 EP EP03772022.4A patent/EP1540912B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-28 AU AU2003254244A patent/AU2003254244A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-29 US US10/629,429 patent/US7187732B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-08 TW TW093106094A patent/TW200509706A/zh unknown
-
2005
- 2005-03-23 US US11/088,116 patent/US7236547B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-05-25 US US11/754,013 patent/US7412013B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-08-04 US US12/185,361 patent/US8149963B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-04-03 US US13/438,595 patent/US8385482B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-02-01 US US13/757,368 patent/US20130142292A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003254244A1 (en) | 2004-02-16 |
TW200401982A (en) | 2004-02-01 |
WO2004012463A2 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
TW200509706A (en) | 2005-03-01 |
TWI224740B (en) | 2004-12-01 |
US20080285689A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
US8385482B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 |
US8149963B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
US7412013B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 |
US7187732B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 |
US20120201335A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
US20050163266A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
WO2004012463A3 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
EP1540912B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
US20040022333A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
EP1540912A4 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
US20070230634A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
US20130142292A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
US7236547B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
EP1540912A2 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
TW200723900A (en) | 2007-06-16 |
AU2003254244A8 (en) | 2004-02-16 |
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