TWI280970B - Pressure sensitive adhesives having quaternary ammonium functionality, articles, and methods - Google Patents
Pressure sensitive adhesives having quaternary ammonium functionality, articles, and methods Download PDFInfo
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- TWI280970B TWI280970B TW091135675A TW91135675A TWI280970B TW I280970 B TWI280970 B TW I280970B TW 091135675 A TW091135675 A TW 091135675A TW 91135675 A TW91135675 A TW 91135675A TW I280970 B TWI280970 B TW I280970B
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- Prior art keywords
- monomer
- sensitive adhesive
- polymer
- pressure
- poly
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- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- -1 poly(oxyalkylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 118
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N alpha-Cryptoxanthin Natural products O[C@H]1CC(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/[C@H]2C(C)=CCCC2(C)C)\C)/C)\C)/C)=C(C)C1 NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000037336 dry skin Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ASQQEOXYFGEFKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxirane Chemical compound C1OO1 ASQQEOXYFGEFKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 48
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
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- RARSHUDCJQSEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Hydroxypropiophenone Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RARSHUDCJQSEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 10
- GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorhexidine Chemical class C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(N)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002007 Pluronic® 25R4 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- WHRIKZCFRVTHJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylhydrazine Chemical compound CCNN WHRIKZCFRVTHJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DXPPIEDUBFUSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)C=C DXPPIEDUBFUSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- IUNVCWLKOOCPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptylsulfanyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCSOC(=O)CO IUNVCWLKOOCPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidenecarbene Chemical compound C=[C] SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- IVNFTPCOZIGNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CC(C)OS(O)(=O)=O IVNFTPCOZIGNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DROIHSMGGKKIJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonamide Chemical compound CCCS(N)(=O)=O DROIHSMGGKKIJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006150 trypticase soy agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013976 turmeric Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/58—Adhesives
- A61L15/585—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/58—Adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/052,032 US7005031B2 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2002-01-16 | Pressure sensitive adhesives having quaternary ammonium functionality, articles, and methods |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200302260A TW200302260A (en) | 2003-08-01 |
| TWI280970B true TWI280970B (en) | 2007-05-11 |
Family
ID=27609098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW091135675A TWI280970B (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2002-12-10 | Pressure sensitive adhesives having quaternary ammonium functionality, articles, and methods |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7005031B2 (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP1465961B1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP2005515294A (OSRAM) |
| CN (1) | CN1330729C (OSRAM) |
| AT (1) | ATE376043T1 (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR0215444A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA2471926A1 (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE60223079T2 (OSRAM) |
| DK (1) | DK1465961T3 (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES2294185T3 (OSRAM) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04006835A (OSRAM) |
| PL (1) | PL370034A1 (OSRAM) |
| TW (1) | TWI280970B (OSRAM) |
| WO (1) | WO2003062343A1 (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (53)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6951642B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2005-10-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water-in-oil emulsions with anionic groups, compositions, and methods |
| US7030203B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2006-04-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water-in-oil emulsions with ethylene oxide groups, compositions, and methods |
| US7147873B2 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2006-12-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antiseptic compositions and methods |
| US6838078B2 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2005-01-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Film-forming compositions and methods |
| US8591951B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2013-11-26 | Joachim B. Kohn | Tri-block copolymers for nanosphere-based drug delivery |
| US7285576B2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2007-10-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Absorbent polymer compositions, medical articles, and methods |
| US20040180093A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer compositions with bioactive agent, medical articles, and methods |
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2002
- 2002-01-16 US US10/052,032 patent/US7005031B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-05 WO PCT/US2002/038909 patent/WO2003062343A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-12-05 CN CNB02827153XA patent/CN1330729C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-05 EP EP02786892A patent/EP1465961B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-05 ES ES02786892T patent/ES2294185T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-05 AT AT02786892T patent/ATE376043T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-05 BR BR0215444-7A patent/BR0215444A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-05 JP JP2003562211A patent/JP2005515294A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-05 DE DE60223079T patent/DE60223079T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-05 CA CA002471926A patent/CA2471926A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-05 DK DK02786892T patent/DK1465961T3/da active
- 2002-12-05 MX MXPA04006835A patent/MXPA04006835A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-05 PL PL02370034A patent/PL370034A1/xx unknown
- 2002-12-10 TW TW091135675A patent/TWI280970B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| EP1465961A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
| CN1330729C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
| TW200302260A (en) | 2003-08-01 |
| DK1465961T3 (da) | 2008-01-21 |
| BR0215444A (pt) | 2004-12-14 |
| EP1465961B1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| JP2005515294A (ja) | 2005-05-26 |
| ATE376043T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
| MXPA04006835A (es) | 2004-12-06 |
| PL370034A1 (en) | 2005-05-16 |
| CA2471926A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| ES2294185T3 (es) | 2008-04-01 |
| US20030175503A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
| US7005031B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
| DE60223079T2 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
| DE60223079D1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
| CN1615350A (zh) | 2005-05-11 |
| WO2003062343A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
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