TW478253B - Oscillator circuit - Google Patents
Oscillator circuit Download PDFInfo
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- TW478253B TW478253B TW088115647A TW88115647A TW478253B TW 478253 B TW478253 B TW 478253B TW 088115647 A TW088115647 A TW 088115647A TW 88115647 A TW88115647 A TW 88115647A TW 478253 B TW478253 B TW 478253B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/01—Details
- H03K3/011—Modifications of generator to compensate for variations in physical values, e.g. voltage, temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/023—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/0231—Astable circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/353—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/354—Astable circuits
Landscapes
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Description
;; 如以上所述,此電路需要兩列電容哭。再者 個電容器具有一關胳令,^ σ 丹言 電容之數值那# 。生電容之數值不像 ",η那樣予以適當控制乃是積體電路電容哭之 特徵。因此,雖鈇恭 口口 …、摄盪之輸出頻率應在線性上有效 478253 五、發明說明(1) 技銜範圍' 本發明關於一種振盪器電路,例如用以在一積體電路中 之一時鐘信號。 發明背景 振盪器電路皆通常用於積體電路以提供時鐘信號。所得 到之時鐘信號之頻率全視振盪器電路之參數而定。在一積 體電路中,通常不可能製造具有足夠精密度之振盪器電路 組件以提供一具有理想準確性之時鐘頻率。 因此,眾所周知製造一頻率可微調之振盪器電路。即在 製造以後,頻率係藉一輸入信號=,例如一多位元數位信號 來調整。因此,頻率可正確地帶來理想數值。 美國第5, 859, 571號專利案揭示一頻率微調振盪器,在 其中一電流產生器提供一輸出電流,及亦產生兩定限電 壓。電流係轉接至一延遲單元内,此單元則包括兩列電容 态,一個用以提供輸出頻率之粗微調,及一個周以提供細 微調。電容器上之電壓係與兩定限電壓相比較,及比較之 結果如用來没疋及重置一正反器,因每個這樣循環所花之 時間係輸出時鐘信號之時段,致使頻率全視所微調電容之 數值而定及因而根據所要者來調整。
第4頁 478253 五、發明說明(2) 額定微調電容值成正比,但實際上僅達到一有限範圍。 發明概要二 根據本發明之一較佳特徵,一種振盪器電路包括一產生 一種可藉一電阻器列來微調之電流之電流產生器,及因而 包括僅一單一電容器列。 根據本發明之再一較佳特徵,一種振盪器電路包括一供 給電流至一微調電容器列中之電容器之輸入端。電容器之 輸入端係保持一較恒定之電壓上,及因而來自電流產生器 之所有電流通過電容器列之所需電容器,因而將寄生電容 之效應減至最小。 圖示簡述 二 圖1係一根據本發明之振盪器電路之一方塊圖。 圖2係一形成圖1之部分電路之第一分支電路之一概略電 路圖。 圖3係一形成圖1之部分電路之第二分支電路之一概略電 路圖。 圖4係一形成圖1之部分電路之第三分支電路之一概略電 路圖。 圖5係一用來說明圖1之電路之工作之定時圖。 較佳具體實例詳述 圖1顯示一根據本發明之特徵之振盪器電路。圖1之振盪 器電路包括一有電流源4之控制電路2。電流源4產生一可 被迫自電流源4流出或流入該電流源之數置I s e ΐ之電流。 電流源4再產生被供給作為至各個比較器6,8之輸入端之
第5頁 478253 五、發明說明 第一及第二定限電壓Vu,VI。至這些比較器6,8之其他輪 入端皆各供以數量Vramp之電壓。比較器6,8之輸出端皆 分別連接於一正反器10 Set及Reset端,及正反器之輸出 係反饋至電流源4,且亦饋送至一電路輪出丨2作:輸出時 鐘信號。 一包括一電阻器列16之可變電阻電路14係連接於電流源 4以自電流源改變電流輸之數量iset。
一運算放大器18具有其被連接於一固定考電壓^以之非 反向輸入端20,如果要求,該參考電壓亦可由控制電路2 予以提供。運算放大器1 8之反向輸入端2 2係連接於電流源 4之一輸出。運算放大器之輸出端則提供一如上所述被供 給至控制電路2作為一輸入至每個比較器6,8之放大器輸 出電壓Vr amp。運算放大器18通常係習用,及將不在本文 中予以再加以叙述之。 山—電容器列26係連接於運算放大器輸出端24及反向輸入 ^22 ’及因此形成一環繞放大器之回饋迴路。 因位於運算放大器非反向輸入20處之電壓係以供應電壓 為準予以保持恒定,故位於運算放大器反向輸入22處之電 壓’亦係予以保持相對恒定。
電容器列包括一固定電容(未示於圖1中)及多個電容 ’此等電容器可藉一多位元數位信號予以轉接進入電路 或自電路轉接出去。在一較佳具體實例中,共有九個這 三^容器,但為清晰起見圖1僅顯示兩個電容器C 〇,C1。 母询電容器C0,C1,…,具有一經由一第一各別關聯
第6頁 478253 五、發明說明(4) 28.0 ’28.1,…被連接於放大器反向輸入端22之第一端或 係經由一第二各別關聯3 〇 · 0,3 0 · 1,….予以連接於地。 關聯皆由控制位元B〇,B 1,…予以控制致使當一控制位元 為高時,個別第一關聯係予以閉合,及當一控制位元為低 時’個別第二關聯係予以閉合。每個電容器C0,C1 ,···再 具有一連接於運算放大器輸出端24之第二端。
有關的是列中每一電容器C〇,C1 ,…具有一關聯寄生電 谷。特別者’如圖1中所示,在第一電容器端及基體間有 寄生电谷32·0 ’32·1,…’與在第二電容器及基體間有 一寄生電容34. 0,34. 1,…。 圖2係圖1之控制電路2之一概略電路圖。電路圖包括一 提供參考電壓Vref至運算放大器18之非反向輪入端之分肩 器202。控制電路亦包括一具有可變電阻器列Η之 = 係由反向之電路輸出電壓予以控制以產生 。第一定限電壓Vu為?議電晶體2 0 6,m, 及車乂低之疋限電壓ν1 ΛΝΜ03 控制電路2亦包枯一且古10 212之間極電壓° mo m , ’、有 車乂器及一正反器之亞單元214。 圖係圖1之可變電阻器列14 ^ 14包括四個電阻器3〇2,3〇 路圖。電阻器歹 型之四個⑽3開關310,312, : 屬通常" 調,320之間之第五電阻器3;成 關本身皆連接於電流源。開關31。==,而這些開 由二進制信號D〇,D1,D2,D3 2,314,316皆分另, 值低時,開關乃閉合,及各個_ =,制。當各個二進制塞 —進市丨數值高時,開關乃_ 478253 五、發明說明(5) 開及相應之電阻器係被轉接進入電路内。 。。在較佳具體實例中,電阻器3〇2具有一21k Ω之值 态304具有一 2x2l=42kQ之值,電阻器3〇6具有—包且 2j = 84kQ之值,電阻器3〇8具有一8 x2i = 168k〇,及兩 =2。2具有一15 X 21=31 5kD之值。電阻器可有利地自包數值 21k Ω之匹配電阻器之方塊予以形 因此值 =將電阻器3〇2,3()4,3()6,3()8轉接進人電=^^ =接出電阻器列14之電阻值可在如果開關皆完全閉 。牯之315k Ω及如果開關皆完全斷開時之63〇k Ω之 動。 交 圖4係圖1之可變電容器列26之—一概略電路圖。電容器列 26包括九個電容器5〇1,…,5〇9,各與在運算放大器“之 反饋迴路中之終端519,52〇之間之一各別開關51〇 ,…, 518成串聯連接。亦與九個電容器5〇1,…,5〇9成並聯連 接者係一電容器521。開關510,…,518中間每一個:係屬 於圖1中所示之類型,及係由一各別二進數位β〇,…胂予 以控制之。當各別二進制數值低時,相應電容器係轉接進 入電路内,及當相應二進制數值高時,開關係開斷及相應 電容器係自電路轉接出去。 兩^較佳具體實例中,電容器51〇具有一 〇· 152 pF之值,
兒日日體511具有一 2χ〇·152 PF之值,電容器512具有一 4X • 152 pF之值’電谷器513具有一 8x0.152 PF之值,電容 态514具有一 ΐ6χ〇·ΐ52 pF之值,電容器515具有一 32χ 〇·152 PF之值,電容器516具有一 64x〇l52/pF之值,電 478253 五、發明說明(6)
容器517具有一 128χ〇·152 pF,及電容器518具有一 256χ 0.152 pF ’·同k电谷為521具有一3〇5·5 pF之值。這些電 容器可有利地自數值0.152奸,或8><0.1521^,或6:>< 〇· 152 pF之匹配電容器之方塊予以形成之。 因此,藉以控制位元B0-8將電容器51〇.,…,518轉接進 入電路内或自電路轉接出去,電容器列26之電客值可在如 果所有二進制數值B0-B9皆高及相應電容器皆完全自電路 轉接出去時之30 5· 5 PF及如果所有二進制皆低及相應電容 器皆完全轉接進入電路時之3 0 5· 5 PF + 511 X 0· 152 pF之間 變動。積體電路可具有良好之匹配,此匹配則允許一在二 進制字碼B0-B9之數值及微調電容器數值之間之高線性關 因此,在圖1-4之電路之運作中,電流源4產生一為隨正 電源電壓而轉換及係與電阻器列丨6之粗微調電阻數值成反 比例之電流I set。電流源4可作為一電源或散熱器,電流 之方向全視在反饋至電流源之輸出12處上信號^之符號1而 ,。當此信號高時,則如圖i中之箭頭所示,流自由〜容 器列26流入電流源4内。當此信號低時,電流則自由 流入電容器列26内。 ; 藉流至電容器列26,電流Iset使運算放大器18之輸出電 壓Vramp線性式地增加或減少。 包 因此,如圖5中所示,當v〇低時,Vramp下降直至其達到 較低定限VI為止,在此時間比較器8發送一脈衝至正反器 10之Reset輪入。輸出v〇然後變高,及Vramj)開始升高。
478253
兩 〜亍又益U巧支 私路則如圖6中所 五、發明說明(7)
Vramp繼續升高直至其達到上定限Vu, 送一脈衝至正反器1〇之Set:輸入。因此 示產生一振盪輸出V〇。 如以上所述,定限電壓V1,Vll皆由電流源4予以設定, 及這些電壓皆以與電流lset相同方式遭受電源電壓α中& 之影響。 振盪Fosc之頻率係一循環之周期之反向。一德環之周期 係被當作運异放大器電壓Vramp之兩倍時間△ t以便自辦 至Vu,或自VU下落至V1。因此,如果(Vu 一 Vl)::: Δν,及^ 26之總選定電容為ct時,那麼:
2At CLAV 通常,上及下定限Vu,V1及電流Iset可在方程式上與電 源電壓Vdd及電阻器列之電阻Rset有關聯,例如壬二
Vu^Vdd-Vxl
Vl^Vxl
Iset = (Vdd - Vxl -Vx2)f Rsei 其中V x 1及V x 2皆係未知電壓 此假定:
Fosc =
Vdd-Vxl-Vx2 Ct,Rsei(ydd - Vxl -Vxl) 之 因此,振盪之頻率係由電阻及電容之微 ,但不受電源電壓之波動。 調值予以控制
O:\60\60361PTD 第10頁 五 發明說明(8) 如前所述,電容C0 —C8f具有與其相萨 · a 然而,本發明之電路則 外σ生私谷。 別者,參照圖1,運首放女哭1S θ ^之問題減至取少。特 入端係保持在一恒定^ g ° 、有一南增益,非反向輪 相同位準保持電壓因,,運算放大器起作用以 壓,大致上保持恒定二:人端’及在非反向輸人處之電 之電壓大致上保持相6、,,°果,通過寄生電容32.0 ,32」等 容器C0,C1等,而二疋、’及所有電流1 set則通過有關之電 電容34· 0,34. 1望通過寄生電容。雖然電流能通過寄生 電流Iset。 但此乃出自運算放大器18,而非出自 結果’振盪器頻 確及線性之關係。 C和所要之電容器Ct之總值有一精 因此乃敘述有一 地控制之輪出. ;一積體電路及產生一可被精確 M午之振盈電路。
Claims (1)
- 六、申請專利範圍 1· 一種振盈器電路,包括.· 一電流供給電路,用以產生一參考電漭,· 電谷益陣列,包括多個電容 接進入電路内及將電容器自電路二二用以將電容器轉 電容值;及 出去以控制一總微調 一定時電路,係連接於電交哭 陣列之電壓作為至該陣列之—^入.1以接收一通過電容器 在其中參考電流係供至位於多個電 上之.電容器陣列使被轉接進入 二,各自第一節點 及定時電路產生一相依於電,容器充電或放電, 到-個以上定限值之一周期器陣列之時間以達 另包括: 〈翰法“唬; -運j放大器,具有一連 為,一連接於電容器陣列中 >考電昼之第一輸入 輸入端,& —連接在電容 自第-節點之第二 :致使電容器之各自大器之反饋迴路, 上。 白保持在一較桓定之電壓 器陣列,包〇圍第1項之振盪器電路,另包括雷 路内及將電阻器自電路韓=關用以將電阻器轉接進 3.如申以=為項微調電阻值:二, 陣列提供一,= 項二車振歹 _ 陣列則提供細微調。 0:\60\60362.PTD $ 12頁 478253第13頁
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB9915421A GB2351619A (en) | 1999-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | A frequency trimmable oscillator with insensitivity to power supply variations and parasitic capacitance |
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TW478253B true TW478253B (en) | 2002-03-01 |
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TW088115647A TW478253B (en) | 1999-07-01 | 1999-09-10 | Oscillator circuit |
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US (1) | US6326859B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1196993B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003504910A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020019110A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1214525C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE343248T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU5683700A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2377969A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60031408D1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2351619A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW478253B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001003298A1 (zh) |
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1999
- 1999-07-01 GB GB9915421A patent/GB2351619A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-10 TW TW088115647A patent/TW478253B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2000
- 2000-06-19 WO PCT/EP2000/005635 patent/WO2001003298A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-19 EP EP00942099A patent/EP1196993B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-19 KR KR1020017016649A patent/KR20020019110A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-19 CA CA002377969A patent/CA2377969A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP1196993A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
CN1359559A (zh) | 2002-07-17 |
GB2351619A (en) | 2001-01-03 |
AU5683700A (en) | 2001-01-22 |
WO2001003298A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
KR20020019110A (ko) | 2002-03-09 |
EP1196993B1 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
CN1214525C (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
CA2377969A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
JP2003504910A (ja) | 2003-02-04 |
ATE343248T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
US6326859B1 (en) | 2001-12-04 |
GB9915421D0 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
DE60031408D1 (de) | 2006-11-30 |
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