TW202140699A - 導電織物及其製備方法 - Google Patents

導電織物及其製備方法 Download PDF

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TW202140699A
TW202140699A TW109113523A TW109113523A TW202140699A TW 202140699 A TW202140699 A TW 202140699A TW 109113523 A TW109113523 A TW 109113523A TW 109113523 A TW109113523 A TW 109113523A TW 202140699 A TW202140699 A TW 202140699A
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conductive
silver
conductive fabric
polyurethane resin
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周暐皓
吳政樑
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財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所
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Abstract

一種導電織物包括基布及導電膜。導電膜配置於所述基布上。導電膜包括聚氨酯樹脂及含銀導體，其中含銀導體為55重量份至80重量份，而聚氨酯樹脂為8重量份至12重量份。

Description

導電織物及其製備方法
本揭露有關於一種導電織物，特別是有關於一種彈性佳且拉伸時電阻變異率低的電熱織物。
近年來，隨著科技的快速進步，已開發出具有多樣化功能的織物，以提升人類生活的便利。舉例而言，織物上可附著電子元件，藉由附有電子元件的織物製成的服飾，可應用至更多新的領域。例如，智慧型手錶、穿戴式計步器、智慧型手環等。再者，搭配現今智慧型產品的盛行風潮，這些電子裝置也已成為消費性市場的主流商品。另一方面，由於這些穿戴式電子裝置於消費性市場造成巨大回響，結合電子裝置與穿著服飾的產品也陸續問世。
由於運動風氣的盛行，相關產品蓬勃發展，導電織物的彈性逐漸受到重視。然而，一般的導電織物會因為拉伸而造成電阻變異率高，進而影響電子裝置的性能。因此，如何提出一種可解決上述問題的導電織物，是目前業界亟欲投入研發資源解決的問題之一。
有鑑於此，本揭露之一目的在於提出一種可解決上述問題的導電織物。
為了達到上述目的，本揭露之一實施方式提供一種導電織物包括基布及導電膜。導電膜配置於所述基布上。導電膜包括聚氨酯樹脂及含銀導體，其中含銀導體為55重量份至80重量份，而聚氨酯樹脂為8重量份至12重量份。
於本揭露的一個實施方式中，聚氨酯樹脂的製備方法包括以下步驟。將異氰酸酯及丙三醇混合，以形成中間產物。將中間產物、聚醚多元醇及催化劑混合，以形成聚氨酯樹脂。
於本揭露的一個實施方式中，聚氨酯樹脂包括以式(1)表示的分子結構：
Figure 02_image001
式(1)，其中k、n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6、m1及m2為正整數，且(k+m1+m2+4):(n1+n2+n3+n4+m1×n5+m2×n6)介於10:5至10:7之間。
於本揭露的一個實施方式中，含銀導體包括片狀銀粉，且片狀銀粉的最長軸介於2 μm至10 μm。
於本揭露的一個實施方式中，含銀導體包括奈米銀線，其中奈米銀線的線徑介於40nm至160nm，且奈米銀線的長徑比(aspect ratio)介於100至1000。
於本揭露的一個實施方式中，導電膜的厚度介於5μm至55μm。此外，本揭露的導電織物拉伸至長度為120%時導電織物的電阻變異率可低於25%。
本揭露之一實施方式提供一種導電織物的製備方法，包括提供基布及以下步驟。進行混合步驟，將聚氨酯樹脂、含銀導體及正丙醇混合，以得到導電銀漿，其中含銀導體為55重量份至80重量份，聚氨酯樹脂為8重量份至12重量份，且正丙醇為8重量份至35重量份。進行塗布步驟，將導電銀漿塗布於基布上。進行烘烤乾燥步驟，對經塗布步驟的基布進行烘烤乾燥，以在基布上形成導電膜。
於本揭露的一個實施方式中，在導電織物的製備方法中所得到的導電銀漿的黏度介於29,000 cP至54,500 cP。
根據本揭露上述實施方式，本揭露所提供的導電織物具有低的電阻變異率，因此適用於運動服飾。藉由調整導電膜的成分及組成比例能改善其成膜性、導電能力及電阻變異率。在導電織物的製備方法中，導電銀漿添加正丙醇來取代毒性較強的溶劑，因此本製備方法中所配置出的導電銀漿具有好的生物友善性。此外，本揭露所配置成的導電銀漿具有適當的黏度，因此便於後續加工使用。
以上所述僅係用以闡述本揭露所欲解決的問題、解決問題的技術手段、及其產生的功效等等，本揭露之具體細節將在下文的實施方式及相關圖式中詳細介紹。
在本文中，由「一數值至另一數值」表示的範圍，是一種避免在說明書中一一列舉該範圍中的所有數值的概要性表示方式。因此，某一特定數值範圍的記載，涵蓋該數值範圍內的任意數值以及由該數值範圍內的任意數值界定出的較小數值範圍，如同在說明書中明文寫出該任意數值和該較小數值範圍一樣。
本文使用的「約」、「近似」、「本質上」、或「實質上」包括所述值和在本領域普通技術人員確定的特定值的可接受的偏差範圍內的平均值，考慮到所討論的測量和與測量相關的誤差的特定數量（即，測量系統的限制）。例如，「約」可以表示在所述值的一個或多個標準偏差內，或例如±30%、±20%、±15%、±10%、±5%內。再者，本文使用的「約」、「近似」、「本質上」、或「實質上」可依量測性質或其它性質，來選擇較可接受的偏差範圍或標準偏差，而可不用一個標準偏差適用全部性質。
本揭露內容提供一種導電織物，在拉伸時具有低的電阻變異率，而能保持為良好的導電迴路，從而適用於運動服飾。相較於習知的技術，本揭露提供的導電織物的導電膜具有良好的彈性。此外，導電織物的製備方法中的導電銀漿也具有好的生物友善性及合適的黏性，以便於後續加工。
請參考第1圖，第1圖繪示為本揭露一實施方式導電織物100的剖面示意圖。導電織物100包括基布110及配置於基布110上的導電膜130。在一些實施方式中，基布110可例如是針織布、梭織布或不織布等布料，且基布110的材料可包括聚酯、尼龍、棉、聚丙烯、聚氨酯或其組合。
導電膜130包括聚氨酯樹脂131及含銀導體133，其中聚氨酯樹脂131做為含銀導體133的載體，含銀導體133做為導電膜130中的主要導電介質，以使得導電膜130可同時具有彈性及導電性。於一些實施方式中，導電膜130的厚度介於5μm至55μm，從而適於配置在導電織物100的基布110上以提供導電織物100的導電性，並使得導電織物100拉伸時具有低的電阻變異率。於一些實施方式中，當導電織物100拉伸至長度為120%時，導電織物100的電阻變異率低於25%。因此，當使用者運動而拉伸導電織物100時，導電織物100仍能保持低的電阻變異率及良好的導電功能。
聚氨酯樹脂131做為含銀導體133的載體，以形成導電膜130。由於聚氨酯樹脂131具有好的彈性，故使用其來形成導電膜130時，導電膜130可具有良好的彈性。
於一些實施方式中，聚氨酯樹脂131包括以式(1)表示的分子結構以加強互穿（interpenetrating）作用，進而提升導電膜130的彈性，其中式(1)如下：
Figure 02_image001
式(1)，其中k、n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6、m1及m2為正整數，其中(k+m1+m2+4):(n1+n2+n3+n4+m1×n5+m2×n6)介於10:5至10:7之間。當聚氨酯樹脂131具有上述式(1)的分子結構時，聚氨酯樹脂131的樹枝狀結構可以串連含銀導體133，進而在導電織物100受到拉伸時保持導電能力及低電阻變異率。
於一些實施方式中，聚氨酯樹脂131的製備方法可包括：將異氰酸酯及丙三醇混合，以形成中間產物；以及，將中間產物、聚醚多元醇及催化劑混合，以形成聚氨酯樹脂131。具體而言，異氰酸酯可例如是4,4-二環己基甲烷二異氰酸酯(H12MDI)；催化劑可例如是二月桂酸二丁基錫、二乙酸二丁基錫、三氟甲磺酸、甲基磺酸、磷酸二苯酯、氨基吡啶、或例如是二氮雜二環辛烷、氮異環碳烯的其他含氮雜環；聚醚多元醇可例如是分子量介於2000至3000之間的四氫呋喃均聚醚(PTMEG)。此外，中間產物包括以式(2)表示的分子結構：
Figure 02_image004
…式(2) 於式(2)中，m為正整數。在一些實施方式中，用於製備聚氨酯樹脂131的異氰酸酯及聚醚多元醇的莫耳比可例如是介於10：5至10：7之間，因此式(1)中的(k+m1+m2+4):(n1+n2+n3+n4+m1×n5+m2×n6)可介於10:5至10:7之間。
含銀導體133可均勻分布在聚氨酯樹脂131中，以做為導電膜130中的主要導電介質。含銀導體133可包括銀金屬粉末或銀合金粉末。於一些實施方式中，含銀導體133可包括片狀銀粉，其中片狀銀粉的最長軸介於2 μm至10 μm，且長徑比(aspect ratio)小於1：30。於另一些實施方式中，含銀導體133可包括奈米銀線，其中奈米銀線的線徑介於40nm至160nm，且奈米銀線的長徑比介於100至1000。藉由上述選擇可以提高含銀導體133的分散性，進而能改善導電織物100的導電能力並降低導電織物100拉伸後的電阻變異率。此外，由於奈米銀線的長徑比明顯較大，藉由長徑比可清楚區分銀粉及奈米銀線的具體差異。
在導電膜130中，聚氨酯樹脂131為8重量份至12重量份，而含銀導體133為55重量份至80重量份。若導電膜130中的含銀導體133比例低於55重量份，則導電膜130導電能力不佳，從而影響導電織物100拉伸後的電阻變異率。詳細來說，由於含銀導體133是藉由彼此間的物理性接觸來傳導電流，故當其在導電膜130中的含量低於55重量份時，則會因為含銀導體133的密度太低而無法有效地接觸，而在導電織物100受到拉伸時在區域間形成電流斷路，進而影響導電織物100的電阻變異率。然而，若含銀導體133比例高於80重量份，則含銀導體133難以均勻分佈在聚氨酯樹脂131，導致導電膜130的成膜性差，難以配置在基布110上。
第2圖繪示為本揭露之一實施方式提供之一種導電織物的製備方法200的流程圖。
請參考第2圖，首先，在步驟S210中，提供基布。基布的種類及材料如上所述，故於此不再贅述。
接著，在步驟S230中，進行混合步驟，將聚氨酯樹脂、含銀導體及正丙醇混合，以得到導電銀漿。在一些實施方式中，可將8重量份至12重量份的聚氨酯樹脂、55重量份至80重量份的含銀導體及8重量份至35重量份的正丙醇混合，以得到導電銀漿。含銀導體的種類或材料如上所述，故於此不再贅述。此外，由於使用正丙醇做為溶劑，故相較於傳統導電銀漿的製程而言，本揭露的導電銀漿具有環境及生物友善性。此外，在一些實施方式中，步驟S230所得到的導電銀漿的黏度可介於29,000 cP至54,500 cP，以適用於例如是網版印刷的後續加工。
接著，在步驟S250中，進行塗布步驟，以將導電銀漿塗布於基布上。在一些實施方式中，可藉由濕式刮棒或網版印刷將導電銀漿塗布於基布上，但本揭露不以此為限。
最後，在步驟S270中，進行烘烤乾燥步驟，對經塗布步驟的基布進行烘烤乾燥，以在基布上形成導電膜，從而形成導電織物。在一些實施方式中，烘烤乾燥步驟的溫度可介於120℃至160℃之間，但本揭露不以此為限。
綜上所述，在步驟S210~步驟S270中，由於使用低毒性的正丙醇做為溶劑，故本揭露的導電織物的製備方法具有環境及生物友善性。此外，由於使用特定含量的聚氨酯樹脂、含銀導體及正丙醇來形成導電銀漿，故導電銀漿具有特定的黏度，可藉由例如是網版印刷等塗布方式配置在基布上，以得到適於各種應用的導電織物。
下文將參照實施例及各比較例，更具體地描述本揭露的特徵及功效。應瞭解到，在不逾越本揭露範疇的情況下，可適當地改變所用材料、其量及比率、處理細節以及處理流程等等。因此，不應由下文所述的實施例對本揭露作出限制性的解釋。 >實驗例1:導電織物配方的莫耳數比對電阻變異率評估>
本實驗例中，由不同莫耳數比的H12MDI及PTMEG製成各實施例及各比較例的導電織物。將導電織物拉伸至原長度的150%並利用DIN 54345-1標準方法以兩點探針檢驗導電度來測量導電織物的電阻變異率，測試結果如表一所示。
如表一所示的導電織物中，基布由熱塑性聚氨酯所製成，導電膜厚度為50微米，且導電膜中的聚氨酯樹脂具有10重量份而片狀銀粉具有60重量份，片狀銀粉的最長軸介於2 μm至5 μm。
表一
比較例/實施例 H12MD：PTMEG 電阻變異率
比較例1 20：6 3900%
比較例2 20：8 1500%
實施例1 20：10 100%
實施例2 20：11 20%
實施例3 20：12 100%
實施例4 20：14 100%
如表一所示，以不同莫耳數比的H12MDI與PTMEG製成的聚氨酯樹脂影響導電織物拉伸後的電阻變異率。表一所示為導電織物拉伸長度為原長度的150%的電阻變異率。由此可知，相較於比較例1及2，實施例1至4的導電織物被拉伸後保持低的電阻變異率。 >實驗例2:導電膜厚度對電阻變異率評估>
本實驗例中，由不同導電膜厚度製成各實施例及各比較例的導電織物。將導電織物拉伸至原長度的120%並利用DIN 54345-1標準方法以兩點探針檢驗導電度來測量導電織物的電阻變異率，測試結果如表二所示。
如表二所示的導電織物中，基布由熱塑性聚氨酯所製成，導電膜中的聚氨酯樹脂具有10重量份而片狀銀粉具有60重量份，此外聚氨酯樹脂以H12MDI及PTMEG的莫耳數比為20：11所製成，片狀銀粉的最長軸介於2 μm至5 μm。
表二
比較例/實施例 導電膜厚度 電阻變異率
比較例3 70微米 42.85%
實施例5 52微米 22.22%
實施例6 27微米 18.75%
實施例7 10微米 24%
如表二所示，導電膜厚度也影響導電織物拉伸後的電阻變異率。由此可知，相較於比較例3，實施例5至7所示之導電膜厚度範圍能讓導電織物拉伸後保持低的電阻變異率。
根據本揭露上述實施方式，調整導電織物的導電膜厚度及組成可降低導電織物拉伸後的電阻變異率。導電膜中聚氨酯樹脂的樹枝狀結構可以串連含銀導體，進而提升導電膜的導電能力及降低電阻變異率。此外，片狀銀粉能改善導電織物的導電能力，而添加奈米銀線，能提升銀粉的分散度。在導電織物的製備過程中，以正丙醇取代習知的溶劑所配置出的導電銀漿具有更佳的生物友善性，且所配置成的導電銀漿具有較佳的黏度，因此便於後續加工使用。
雖然本揭露已以實施方式揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本揭露，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本揭露之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本揭露之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100:導電織物 110:基布 130:導電膜 131:聚氨酯樹脂 133:含銀導體 200:製備方法 S210:步驟 S230:步驟 S250:步驟 S270:步驟
為讓本揭露之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之說明如下： 第1圖繪示為一實施方式中導電織物的剖面示意圖；以及 第2圖繪示為一實施方式中導電織物製備方法的流程圖。
國內寄存資訊(請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無 國外寄存資訊(請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無
100:導電織物
110:基布
130:導電膜
131:聚氨酯樹脂
133:含銀導體

Claims (10)

  1. 一種導電織物，包括： 基布；以及 導電膜，配置於所述基布上，其中所述導電膜包括： 聚氨酯樹脂；以及 含銀導體，其中所述含銀導體為55重量份至80重量份，而所述聚氨酯樹脂為8重量份至12重量份。
  2. 如請求項1所述的導電織物，其中所述聚氨酯樹脂的製備方法包括： 將異氰酸酯及丙三醇混合，以形成中間產物；以及 將所述中間產物、聚醚多元醇及催化劑混合，以形成所述聚氨酯樹脂。
  3. 如請求項1所述的導電織物，其中所述聚氨酯樹脂包括以式(1)表示的分子結構：
    Figure 03_image001
    式(1)，其中k、n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6、m1及m2為正整數，且(k+m1+m2+4):(n1+n2+n3+n4+m1×n5+m2×n6)介於10:5至10:7之間。
  4. 如請求項1所述的導電織物，其中所述含銀導體包括片狀銀粉，且所述片狀銀粉的最長軸介於2 μm至10 μm。
  5. 如請求項1所述的導電織物，其中所述含銀導體包括奈米銀線，其中所述奈米銀線的線徑介於40nm至160nm，且所述奈米銀線的長徑比介於100至1000。
  6. 如請求項1所述的導電織物，其中所述導電膜的厚度介於5μm至55μm。
  7. 如請求項1所述的導電織物，其中當所述導電織物拉伸至長度為120%時，所述導電織物的電阻變異率低於25%。
  8. 一種導電織物的製備方法，包括： 提供基布； 進行混合步驟，將聚氨酯樹脂、含銀導體及正丙醇混合，以得到導電銀漿，其中所述含銀導體為55重量份至80重量份，而所述聚氨酯樹脂為8重量份至12重量份； 進行塗布步驟，將所述導電銀漿塗布於所述基布上；以及 進行烘烤乾燥步驟，對經所述塗布步驟的所述基布進行烘烤乾燥，以在所述基布上形成導電膜。
  9. 如請求項8所述的導電織物的製備方法，其中所述正丙醇為8重量份至35重量份。
  10. 如請求項8所述的導電織物的製備方法，其中所述導電銀漿的黏度介於29,000 cP至54,500 cP。
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