TW202009260A - 環形體的成型裝置及成型方法 - Google Patents

環形體的成型裝置及成型方法 Download PDF

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TW202009260A
TW202009260A TW108126759A TW108126759A TW202009260A TW 202009260 A TW202009260 A TW 202009260A TW 108126759 A TW108126759 A TW 108126759A TW 108126759 A TW108126759 A TW 108126759A TW 202009260 A TW202009260 A TW 202009260A
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Taiwan
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elongated body
molding die
housing
molding
rubber
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TW108126759A
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English (en)
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永岡久幸
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日商Ｎｏｋ股份有限公司
日商Ｎｏｋ彈性體股份有限公司
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Publication of TW202009260A publication Critical patent/TW202009260A/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/70—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B29C66/5261—Joining bars for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the bars to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/56—Compression moulding under special conditions, e.g. vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00145—Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/69—General aspects of joining filaments 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B29C66/73752—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/7096—Rings or ring-like articles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

環形體的成型裝置具有：成型模具，於其內部中配置有細長體之兩個端部，以使細長體之兩個端部接觸，且細長體係由添加了過氧化物作為交聯劑的橡膠所形成；可升降的殼體，於其下側具有開口部，於降下時界定出容置成型模具及細長體的容置空間；脫氣裝置，其使容置空間減壓脫氣；加熱裝置，其加熱容置空間內的成型模具；加壓裝置，其使用容置空間內的受加熱的成型模具，來加壓細長體之兩個端部，以促使橡膠進行交聯，並接合細長體之兩個端部；及升降裝置，其使殼體升降。

Description

環形體的成型裝置及成型方法
本發明係關於環形體的成型裝置及成型方法，所述環形體的材料為添加了過氧化物作為交聯劑的橡膠。
有關於氟橡膠、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠、矽橡膠、高飽和丁腈橡膠等的交聯，係使用過氧化物(percioside)交聯(專利文獻1及2)。藉著將有機過氧化物作為交聯劑，添加到作為主要原料的橡膠材料當中，並且對所得到的混合物施加熱及壓力，來進行過氧化物交聯。使用過氧化物交聯而製造出的橡膠具有優異的耐熱性，壓縮永久變形小。如此的橡膠係廣泛地使用於填料、墊圈及絕緣體等。
[先前技術文獻] [專利文獻] [專利文獻1] 日本特開平7-228706號公報 [專利文獻2] 日本特開2010-70598號公報
[發明所欲解決問題] 例如，由橡膠材料來製造例如O形環、X形環、D形環等的環形體的製程當中，準備好添加了交聯劑但尚未交聯的細長體，於使細長體之兩個端部對接的狀態下，於細長體之兩個端部施加熱及壓力，使橡膠的交聯進行以接合兩個端部。
然而，於使用過氧化物作為交聯劑的情形當中，如同專利文獻1及2所述般，因為空氣中的氧氣，導致過氧化物交聯的進行受到阻礙。如上述般於細長體之兩個端部施加熱及壓力的製程當中，由於難以將受到施加熱及壓力的兩個端部進行封閉，使得兩個端部容易暴露至周圍的空氣中，導致交聯可能無法充分地進行。
因此，本發明提供一種環形體的成型裝置及成型方法，所述環形體係使用橡膠作為材料，且即使使用過氧化物作為交聯劑，仍能適當地進行交聯。
[解決問題之手段] 本發明一態樣的環形體的成型裝置具有：成型模具，於其內部中配置有細長體之兩個端部，以使所述細長體之兩個端部接觸，所述細長體係由添加了過氧化物作為交聯劑的橡膠所形成；殼體，其為可升降，且於其下側具有開口部，於降下時界定出容置所述成型模具及所述細長體的容置空間；脫氣裝置，其使所述容置空間減壓脫氣；加熱裝置，其加熱所述容置空間內的所述成型模具；加壓裝置，其使用所述容置空間內的受加熱的所述成型模具，來加壓所述細長體之兩個端部，以促使所述橡膠之交聯進行來接合所述細長體之兩端部；及升降裝置，其使所述殼體升降。
本發明一態樣的環形體的成型方法為將以添加過氧化物作為交聯劑的橡膠所形成的細長體之兩個端部接合，以形成環形體的方法，且具備以下步驟：於成型模具內配置所述細長體之兩個端部，以使所述細長體之兩個端部接觸；使下側具有開口部的殼體下降，以提供容置所述模具及所述細長體的容置空間；使所述容置空間減壓脫氣；於減壓脫氣的所述容置空間內，加熱所述成型模具，並且加壓所述細長體之兩個端部，促使所述橡膠之交聯進行，以接合所述細長體之兩個端部。
於本發明的態樣當中，設置有容置空間，且殼體降下使得成型模具及細長體受到覆蓋。接著，使容置成型模具及整個細長體的容置空間減壓脫氣，於受到減壓脫氣的容置空間內，加熱成型模具並且使用成型模具來加壓細長體之兩個端部，促使橡膠的交聯進行，以使細長體之兩個端部接合。以此方式，於減壓脫氣的環境下來使過氧化物交聯進行。因此，即便使用過氧化物作為架橋劑，仍能適當地進行交聯。
以下參考附錄的圖式，一邊說明本發明之實施型態。
如同圖1及圖2所示，本實施型態中的環形體的製造裝置1具有：平台2、成型模具4、殼體6、上加熱器(加熱裝置)8、下加熱器(加熱裝置)10、加壓缸(加壓裝置)12、脫氣泵(脫氣裝置)14，以及升降裝置16。
平台2係支撐成型模具4及其他部件的固定的基座。殼體6係設置成可藉由升降裝置16而相對於平台2升降。升降裝置16可為例如液壓缸、氣壓缸、齒輪、小齒輪，或是其他的驅動裝置，其使殼體6升降。
殼體6具有於下側具開口部18的箱形形狀，當降低時，配合平台2界定出容置空間20。脫氣泵14對容置空間20進行減壓脫氣。
成型模具4係為模具，如圖3所示般，具有上模22及下模24。於上模22的下表面形成有半圓柱形的複數個成型槽22A，此等成型槽22A係配置為互相平行。於下模24的上表面形成有半圓柱形的複數個成型槽24A，此等成型槽24A配置為互相平行。成型槽22A係分別地與成型槽24A重疊，並形成複數個圓柱形的成型空間。
此外，複數個定位銷24B突起於下模24的上表面上。上模22的下表面上形成有用以嵌入定位銷24B的複數個孔(未示出)。定位銷24B插入複數個孔中，使得上模22相對於下模24的位置對齊且成型槽22A分別地與成型槽24A重疊。也可以相反地使定位銷24B固定至上模22，而使孔形成於下模24。
成型模具4的各個成型空間係用於形成O形環(環狀體)30。具體地說，各個成型溝24A當中，放置著棒，即細長體28的一端部28A及另一端部28B，而細長體28係以添加了過氧化物作為交聯劑的橡膠所形成。此時使得端部28A係與端部28B互相接觸，並使細長體28構成一個環。細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B係為交聯不充分的狀態。
其後，使上模22覆蓋於下模24，各個細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B係配置於以一對成型槽22A, 24A所形成的成型空間內。使用成型模具4使熱及壓力施加至各個細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B，促使橡膠之交聯進行，使得兩個端部28A, 28B接合。以此方式完成環形狀，也就是無端部的O形環30。
如同圖3可明顯看出，一對成型槽22A, 24A所形成的各個成型空間係為兩個端部敞開的圓柱形的空間。於成型模具4的周圍存有空氣的環境下，空氣進入成型空間內，使得兩個端部28A, 28B暴露至空氣中。然而，於此實施型態當中，兩個端部28A, 28B的橡膠交聯的製程係在減壓脫氣的環境下實施。
如圖1所示，於平台2的上表面配置著下加熱器10及兩個下冷卻板11。下冷卻板11配置於下加熱器10的兩個端部附近，且隔熱板11A係介於冷卻板11及下加熱器10之間。冷卻板11係為例如由金屬所形成的板，隔熱板11A係由隔熱材料所形成的板。於下加熱器10、冷卻板11，以及隔熱板11A的上方設置著下支撐板32，其設置為可相對於下加熱器10、冷卻板11，以及隔熱板11A橫向滑動。下模24固定於下支撐板32。
另一方面，上模22固定於上支撐板34，並面向下模24。上支撐板34的上方配置加壓缸12。加壓缸12可為例如油壓缸或是氣壓缸，具有可升降的缸頭13。缸頭13的下表面上固定著上加熱器8及兩個上冷卻板9。上冷卻板9配置於上加熱器8的兩個端部附近，隔熱板9A介於冷卻板9及上加熱器8兩者之間。冷卻板9為例如由金屬所形成的板，隔熱板9A為由隔熱材料所形成的板。上支撐板34可相對於上加熱器8、冷卻板9，以及隔熱板9A於橫向滑動。
當加壓缸12的缸頭13降下時，上方加熱器8及冷卻板9接觸上支撐板34之上表面，上模22組合至下模24，細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B受到成型模具4的加壓。加熱器8, 10將成型模具4加熱。因此，促使細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B的橡膠之交聯進行。以此方式，加壓缸12使用受加熱的容置空間20內的成型模具4來加壓細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B，以促使橡膠之交聯進行，以接合細長體28之兩個端部。冷卻板9, 11係藉著由隔熱材料所形成的隔熱板9A, 11A以與加熱器8, 10隔離，使得加熱器8, 10所產生的熱傳送到冷卻板9, 11的情形受到抑制。藉此，可具效果地使得模具的中央部及端部之間產生溫差，並且可加熱細長體之兩個端部28A, 28B，並抑制細長體28之其他部分的加熱。
為了要在上模22及下模24彼此接近時，進行上支撐板34相對於下支撐板32的定位，於上支撐板34之下表面上固定有定位銷，即頂出銷36，於下支撐板32的上表面固定有圓柱狀的頂出銷襯套38。當上支撐板34降下時，頂出銷36插入頂出銷襯套38之孔中，適當地定位上支撐板34相對於下支撐板32的位置。也可以相反地配置為頂出銷36固定於下支撐板32，頂出銷襯套38固定於上支撐板34。
此外，上支撐板34之下表面或是下支撐板32的上表面安裝著螺旋彈簧40。當缸頭13上升，將上支撐板34往下方按壓的力被移除時，彈簧螺旋40將上支撐板34從下支撐板32分離，藉此使上模22離開下模24。
加壓缸12之缸頭13、上加熱器8、冷卻板9、隔熱板9A、上支撐板34、上模22、下模24、下支撐板32、下加熱器10、冷卻板11及隔熱板11A係配置於殼體6之內部空間中。也就是說，此等物件在殼體6降下時係配置於容置空間20之內部。藉由脫氣泵14進行容置空間20的減壓脫氣，細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B的橡膠之交聯製程係在減壓脫氣的環境下實施。也可將整個加壓缸12配置於殼體6之內部空間中；也可將加壓缸12之致動器部分配置於殼體6的外部。
如同圖4所示般，上模22及上支撐板34為可90度旋轉。因此，上模22及上支撐板34係安裝於鉸鏈裝置(未示出)上。
接著，說明使用環形體的製造裝置1所進行的環形體的製造方法。
首先，準備兩個端部28A, 28B並未充分交聯之狀態下的複數個細長體28。作為細長體28的主原料的橡膠材料可為例如氟橡膠、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠、異戊二烯橡膠、矽橡膠、高飽和丁腈橡膠、丁苯橡膠、氯磺化聚乙烯、丙烯酸橡膠、聚氨酯橡膠當中的任意一者。
此外，添加於橡膠材料中的交聯劑係為過氧化物交聯劑，例如：1,3-雙(叔丁基過氧異丙基)苯、2,5二甲基2,5二(叔丁基過氧) 己炔-3、過氧化二枯基、2,4-二氯甲醯過氧化物、過氧化苯甲醯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二苯甲醯過氧己烷、4,4-二叔丁基過氧戊酸正丁酯、過氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、二(叔丁基過氧二異丙基)苯、叔丁基過氧化枯基、2,5-二甲基2,5-二叔丁基過氧己烷、二叔丁基過氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2,5二(叔丁基過氧) 己炔3當中的任何一者或是其組合。橡膠材料當中亦可添加其他的添加劑。
接著，如圖4所示般，於藉著升降裝置16而使殼體6從平台2上升的狀態下，將準備好的細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B放置到下模24的各個成型槽24A(參考圖3)。於此階段當中，如同於圖4中以實線表示般，使上模22及下支撐板34呈垂直狀態。
接著，如同圖4虛線所示，使上模22及上支撐板34呈水平狀態。然後，驅動升降裝置16並使殼體6下降，使得如圖1及圖2所示，藉著殼體6及平台2來設置出隔離於外界的容置空間。
接著，驅動脫氣泵14，使容置空間20之內部減壓脫氣。
接著，驅動加壓缸12，以使缸頭13、上加熱器8、冷卻板9及隔熱板9A降下。降下的過程當中，上加熱器8、冷卻板9及隔熱板9A接觸上支撐板34，使得上支撐板34及上模22開始降下，並使頂出銷36進入頂出銷襯套38，以適當地定位上支撐板34相對於下支撐板32的位置。此外，下模24的定位銷24B進入上模22之孔中(參考圖3)，以適當地定位上模22相對於下模22的位置。
以此方式使得上模22隨著缸頭13降下而組合至下模24中，且各個細長體28之一對的兩個端部28A, 28B配置於以一對的成型槽22A, 24A所形成的成型空間內。使用成型模具4使得熱及壓力施加至各個細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B，促此橡膠之交聯進行而使兩個端部28A, 28B接合，以完成O形環30。
對細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B提供熱的加熱器8, 10，其所作的加熱亦可在將細長體28放置於下模24之各個成型槽24A之前就開始(例如亦可預熱加熱器8, 10)。為了要適當地進行過氧化物交聯，較佳地，於針對容置空間20作減壓脫氣之後，升高加熱器8, 10的溫度，並使兩個端部28A, 28B達到適於交聯的溫度。舉例來說，亦可於上模22組合至下模24之後上升加熱器8, 10的溫度。
對於兩個端部28A, 28B的加壓及加熱進行特定時間，且於達到特定時間之後，驅動加壓缸12，以使缸頭13上升。此時，藉由螺旋彈簧40的推斥力，使得定位銷24B從上模22之孔脫離(參考圖3)，且頂出銷36從頂出銷襯套38脫離，上模22從下模24及O形環30脫離。
接著，驅動升降裝置16，以如圖4所示，使殼體6上升並從平台2脫離。
接著，將上模22及上支撐板34如圖4的實線所示般，使其呈垂直狀態。其後，將完成的O形環30從下模24中取出。
如上所述般，於此實施型態當中，於減壓脫氣的容置空間20內，隨著加熱成型模具4，使用成型模具4的細長體28之兩個端部受到加壓，促使橡膠之交聯進行，以接合細長體28之兩個端部。以此方式，使得過氧化物交聯在減壓脫氣的環境下進行。因此，即使使用過氧化物來做為交聯劑，也能夠適當地進行交聯。
為了要確認此實施型態的效果，作了將細長體28之兩個端部接合，以形成O形環30的實驗。於實驗當中，針對複數個細長體28的樣品，隨著實施型態來進行減壓脫氣環境下的接合，為了要比較複數個細長體28的樣品，而在大氣環境下來進行接合。
於實驗中所使用的細長體28的材料組成係如下述。
Figure 108126759-A0304-0001
將上述組成的材料捏合，藉由擠出機來使所得到的化合物成型，以獲得直徑6.5mm的複數個棒。接著，於減壓脫氣的環境下，對此等棒施加熱及壓力。於加熱過程中，控制使得棒的中央部溫度為180℃，且棒的兩個端部的溫度為100℃。以此方式獲得中央部充分地交聯且兩個端部28A, 28B交聯不充分的細長體28。
接著，於使細長體28之兩個端部28A, 28B重疊10mm的狀態下，將兩個端部配置於成型模具4的成型空間之長度方向中央部。然後，施加熱與壓力於兩個端部上10分鐘。加熱過程中的兩個端部的溫度為180℃。以此方式，以兩個端部28A, 28B使過氧化物進行交聯，以接合兩個端部28A, 28B，以製造O形環30。
於大氣環境下所形成的O形環的樣品當中的有幾個於對應兩個端部的接合部分產生了些許的氣泡。此外，於大氣環境下所形成的O形環的樣品中有幾個產生了條紋狀的凹凸，其為伴隨著成型模具4當中所進行的成型而帶來的流動痕跡。如此的缺陷表示接合部分的過氧化物交聯不充分。缺陷品的產生率為約10%。
另一方面，依照實施型態於減壓脫氣的環境下所形成的O形環30的複數個樣品全部為良好。因此確認了實施型態的優越性。
以上說明了本發明的實施型態，惟上述說明並非用於限定本發明，於本發明技術範圍內，亦可考慮包含刪除、增加、替換了構成要件的各種的變形例。
舉例來說，於上述實施型態當中，係將剖面為圓形的細長體28之兩個端部進行接合以製造O形環30。然而，亦可接合剖面為D字形的細長體之兩個端部，以製造D形環。亦可接合剖面為X字形的細長體之兩個端部，以製造X形環。亦可製造其他剖面形狀的環型體。
於上述實施型態當中，成型模具4具有由複數個成型槽22A, 24A所構成的複數個成型空間，可一次製造複數個環形體。惟，亦可使用具有一個成型空間的成型模具，一次僅製造一個環形體。
1‧‧‧製造裝置 2‧‧‧平台 4‧‧‧成型模具 6‧‧‧殼體 8‧‧‧上加熱器(加熱裝置) 9‧‧‧上冷卻板(冷卻裝置) 9A‧‧‧隔熱板(隔熱裝置) 10‧‧‧下加熱器(加熱裝置) 11‧‧‧下冷卻板(冷卻裝置) 11A‧‧‧隔熱板(隔熱裝置) 12‧‧‧加壓缸(加壓裝置) 13‧‧‧缸頭 14‧‧‧脫氣泵(脫氣裝置) 16‧‧‧升降裝置 18‧‧‧開口部 20‧‧‧容置空間 22‧‧‧上模 22A‧‧‧成型槽 24‧‧‧下模 24A‧‧‧成型槽 24B‧‧‧定位銷 28‧‧‧細長體 28A,28B‧‧‧(細長體)端部 30‧‧‧O形環 32‧‧‧下支撐板 34‧‧‧上支撐板 36‧‧‧頂出銷(定位銷) 38‧‧‧銷襯套(頂出銷襯套) 40‧‧‧螺旋彈簧
［圖1］係為將本發明實施型態之環形體的製造裝置的一部分作剖切的前視圖。 ［圖2］係為將所述製造裝置的一部分作剖切的側視圖。 ［圖3］係為表示所述製造裝置的成型模具的斜視立體圖。 ［圖4］係為表示所述製造裝置的使用方法的側視圖。
1‧‧‧製造裝置
2‧‧‧平台
4‧‧‧成型模具
6‧‧‧殼體
8‧‧‧上加熱器(加熱裝置)
9‧‧‧上冷卻板(冷卻裝置)
9A‧‧‧隔熱板(隔熱裝置)
10‧‧‧下加熱器(加熱裝置)
11‧‧‧下冷卻板(冷卻裝置)
11A‧‧‧隔熱板(隔熱裝置)
12‧‧‧加壓缸(加壓裝置)
13‧‧‧缸頭
18‧‧‧開口部
20‧‧‧容置空間
22‧‧‧上模
24‧‧‧下模
32‧‧‧下支撐板
34‧‧‧上支撐板
36‧‧‧頂出銷(定位銷)
38‧‧‧銷襯套(頂出銷襯套)
40‧‧‧螺旋彈簧

Claims (4)

  1. 一種環形體的成型裝置，其特徵為具有： 成型模具，於其內部中配置有細長體之兩個端部，以使所述細長體之兩個端部接觸，且所述細長體係由添加了過氧化物作為交聯劑的橡膠所形成； 殼體，其為可升降且於其下側具有開口部，於降下時界定出容置所述成型模具及所述細長體的容置空間； 脫氣裝置，其使所述容置空間減壓脫氣； 加熱裝置，其加熱所述容置空間內的所述成型模具； 加壓裝置，其使用所述容置空間內的受加熱的所述成型模具，來加壓所述細長體之兩個端部，以促使所述橡膠進行交聯，並接合所述細長體之兩個端部；及 升降裝置，其使所述殼體升降。
  2. 如請求項1所述之成型裝置，其具有： 冷卻裝置，其配置於所述加熱裝置的兩側；並進一步具有 隔熱裝置，其配置於所述加熱裝置及所述冷卻裝置之間， 所述加熱裝置將配置了所述細長體之兩個端部的所述成型模具之長度方向中央部進行加熱，所述冷卻裝置將所述成型模具之長度方向端部進行冷卻。
  3. 一種環形體的成型方法，其特徵為： 所述成型方法係為將以添加過氧化物作為交聯劑的橡膠所形成的細長體之兩個端部接合，以使環形體成型的方法，且具備以下步驟： 於成型模具內配置所述細長體之兩個端部，以使所述細長體之兩個端部接觸； 使下側具有開口部的殼體下降，以提供容置所述成型模具及所述細長體的容置空間； 使所述容置空間減壓脫氣；及 於減壓脫氣的所述容置空間內加熱所述成型模具，並且加壓所述細長體之兩個端部，促使所述橡膠之交聯進行，以接合所述細長體之兩個端部。
  4. 如請求項3所述之成型方法，其中加熱所述成型模具之步驟包括： 將配置有所述細長體之兩個端部的所述成型模具之長度方向中央部進行加熱；冷卻所述成型模具之長度方向端部；從所述成型模具之長度方向中央部對所述長度方向端部進行隔熱。
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