TW201941484A - 內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法 - Google Patents
內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201941484A TW201941484A TW108108829A TW108108829A TW201941484A TW 201941484 A TW201941484 A TW 201941484A TW 108108829 A TW108108829 A TW 108108829A TW 108108829 A TW108108829 A TW 108108829A TW 201941484 A TW201941484 A TW 201941484A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- mass
- sulfur
- electrode active
- aqueous electrolyte
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004493 Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CRXBTDWNHVBEIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-9h-fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=C(C)C(C)=CC=C3C2=C1 CRXBTDWNHVBEIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004424 Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNHSTWRXCNIKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethyl-9h-fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(CC)C(CC)=C3CC2=C1 MNHSTWRXCNIKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTPLEVOKSWEYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenyl-9h-fluorene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QTPLEVOKSWEYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPWUZOFDXSYJRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dipropyl-9h-fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(CCC)C(CCC)=C3CC2=C1 GPWUZOFDXSYJRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOZZAYDTNHHXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(CCC1)C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12 Chemical compound C1(CCC1)C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12 UOZZAYDTNHHXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RZTOWFMDBDPERY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Delta-Hexanolactone Chemical compound CC1CCCC(=O)O1 RZTOWFMDBDPERY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010085 Li2MnO3-LiMO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010099 Li2MnO3—LiMO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOJZLMMAVKKSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P]=S.[Li] Chemical class [P]=S.[Li] ZOJZLMMAVKKSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M isocaproate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC([O-])=O FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isobutyrate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)C BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000385 transition metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-VKHMYHEASA-N (S)-methylsuccinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC(O)=O WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHIKTEOLOIVDKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COCCOCCOCC(F)(F)F UHIKTEOLOIVDKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSXNZIYETGBUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC(C)COCC(F)(F)F LSXNZIYETGBUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMAVQHAYKJLPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(trifluoromethoxy)ethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OCCOC(F)(F)F TVMAVQHAYKJLPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVAGOJQDJFWIRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane Chemical compound CC1CCC1C IVAGOJQDJFWIRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSLXRDJMYHNCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxycarbonyloxypropan-2-yl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC(C)OC(=O)OCC NSLXRDJMYHNCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUIGSXASOAGTBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound FC(COC(COCCOCC(F)(F)F)CC)(F)F LUIGSXASOAGTBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYNUAGYBVSQRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCCOC(=O)OCC MYNUAGYBVSQRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOMLQXFMDFZAAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCCOC(=O)OC DOMLQXFMDFZAAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDPRWJVPCXEVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylcyclobutene Chemical compound CCC1CC=C1 LDPRWJVPCXEVEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFTHULPHIBKNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcyclobutene Chemical compound CC1CC=C1 NFTHULPHIBKNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUEFXLJYTSRTGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)COC(=O)O1 PUEFXLJYTSRTGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSPWCARDHRYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluoren-1-amine Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2CC2=C1C=CC=C2N CYSPWCARDHRYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZUXKRQEORTPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1C(CC1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1C(CC1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GZUXKRQEORTPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRHDUJRIWSOKIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C2C=3C(=C(C(=C(C3CC2=CC=C1)C1CCC1)C)C)C Chemical compound CC1=C2C=3C(=C(C(=C(C3CC2=CC=C1)C1CCC1)C)C)C SRHDUJRIWSOKIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAGNLJTYEGHLBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1CC(C1)C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12 Chemical compound CC1CC(C1)C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12 PAGNLJTYEGHLBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC DKMROQRQHGEIOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019271 La0.55Li0.35TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018136 Li 2 Ti 3 O 7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009748 Li1.1Mn1.85Al0.05O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013936 Li3.25P0.95S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014297 LiMn1.8Al0.2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013383 LiN(SO2C3F7)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012752 LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011456 LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012672 LiTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLMOMDXKLRBTDY-UHFFFAOYSA-A [V+5].[V+5].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical class [V+5].[V+5].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GLMOMDXKLRBTDY-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- DFFDSQBEGQFJJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC([O-])=O DFFDSQBEGQFJJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCC DISYGAAFCMVRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Co+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- CFBGXYDUODCMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutene Chemical compound C1CC=C1 CFBGXYDUODCMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OC(C)C JMPVESVJOFYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCOC IJUHLFUALMUWOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmalonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C(C)C WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylmalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C(O)=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(NC)NC SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009782 nail-penetration test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimavanserin Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC(C)C)=CC=C1CNC(=O)N(C1CCN(C)CC1)CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 RKEWSXXUOLRFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M pivalate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C([O-])=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/604—Polymers containing aliphatic main chain polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本發明之課題在於提供一種非水電解質二次電池,其不會大型化或大幅度增加成本,為小型且輕量、高容量,即便發生內部短路亦不易發生熱失控,而無起火或破裂之危險性。
本發明係一種內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其係於具有包含正極活性物質之正極、包含負極活性物質之負極、及非水電解質之非水電解質二次電池中,使負極之電極合劑層中含有硫改性聚丙烯腈。硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量可設為30質量%以上。
本發明係一種內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其係於具有包含正極活性物質之正極、包含負極活性物質之負極、及非水電解質之非水電解質二次電池中,使負極之電極合劑層中含有硫改性聚丙烯腈。硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量可設為30質量%以上。
Description
本發明係關於一種非水電解質二次電池之內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法。
鋰離子二次電池等非水電解質二次電池由於小型且輕量,且能量密度較高,為高容量,能夠反覆充放電,故而被廣泛地用作攜帶用電腦、手持攝錄影機、資訊終端等攜帶電子機器之電源。又,出於環境問題之考慮,正在進行使用非水電解質二次電池之電動汽車或動力之一部分使用電力之油電混合車之實用化。
非水電解質二次電池包括電極、分隔件、電解質等構件。電解質之主溶劑係使用易燃性之有機溶劑,於因內部短路等而釋出較大能量之情形時,會發生熱失控而有起火或破裂之危險性,因此研究了各種對策。作為此種對策,已知有:使用以聚烯烴作為主成分之多孔質膜作為分隔件之方法(例如參照專利文獻1、2);除分隔件以外,還於正極與負極之間設置多孔質耐熱層之方法(例如參照專利文獻3);以金屬氧化物被覆電極活性物質之表面之方法(例如參照專利文獻4);將含鋰之鎳氧化物作為正極活性物質之方法(例如參照專利文獻5);將橄欖石型磷酸鋰化合物作為正極活性物質之方法(例如參照專利文獻6);將尖晶石結構之鈦酸鋰化合物作為負極活性物質之方法(例如參照專利文獻7);使用不燃性之氟系溶劑作為電解質之主溶劑之方法(例如參照專利文獻8、9);使用不使用有機溶劑之固體電解質作為電解質之方法(例如參照專利文獻10)等。
利用以聚烯烴作為主成分之多孔質膜之分隔件防止內部短路時,必須使分隔件較厚;於設置多孔質耐熱層之方法中,電池與多孔質耐熱層之大小相應地增大;於以金屬氧化物被覆電極活性物質之表面之方法中,電極之電極合劑層中所含之電極活性物質之含量相對減少而電池之容量變小;該等方法均喪失小型且輕量、高容量之非水電解質二次電池之優點。於將含鋰之鎳氧化物或橄欖石型磷酸鋰化合物作為正極活性物質之方法或將尖晶石結構之鈦酸鋰化合物作為負極活性物質之方法中,均無法獲得較高之充放電容量。又,於使用氟系溶劑之方法中,由於氟系溶劑價格非常昂貴,故而會導致成本大幅度增加。於使用固體電解質之方法中,由於使用無流動性之固體電解質材料,故而內部電阻變高,而導致與使用有機溶劑之電解質相比性能降低。
另一方面,硫改性聚丙烯腈作為具有較大之充放電容量且伴隨反覆充放電之充放電容量之降低(以下,有時稱作循環特性)較少之電極活性物質而為大眾所知(例如參照專利文獻11~13),但業界尚不知曉於使用電極合劑層中包含硫改性聚丙烯腈之負極之非水電解質二次電池中,即便發生內部短路亦不易發生熱失控,而無起火或破裂之危險性。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]US2018097256
[專利文獻2]US9923181
[專利文獻3]US7759004
[專利文獻4]日本專利特開2011-216300號公報
[專利文獻5]日本專利特開2002-015736號公報
[專利文獻6]US7572548
[專利文獻7]日本專利特開2008-159280號公報
[專利文獻8]US2009253044
[專利文獻9]US8163422
[專利文獻10]US2016315324
[專利文獻11]US8940436
[專利文獻12]WO2012/114651
[專利文獻13]US2014134485
[專利文獻2]US9923181
[專利文獻3]US7759004
[專利文獻4]日本專利特開2011-216300號公報
[專利文獻5]日本專利特開2002-015736號公報
[專利文獻6]US7572548
[專利文獻7]日本專利特開2008-159280號公報
[專利文獻8]US2009253044
[專利文獻9]US8163422
[專利文獻10]US2016315324
[專利文獻11]US8940436
[專利文獻12]WO2012/114651
[專利文獻13]US2014134485
本發明之課題在於提供一種非水電解質二次電池,其不會大型化或大幅度增加成本,為小型且輕量、高容量,即便發生內部短路亦不易發生熱失控,而無起火或破裂之危險性。
本發明人等對上述課題進行了努力研究,結果發現藉由使用含有硫改性聚丙烯腈之負極,即便為具有以有機溶劑作為溶劑之電解質之非水電解質二次電池,亦不易發生熱失控,而可防止內部短路所致起火或破裂,從而完成本發明。
即,本發明係一種內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其係使具有包含正極活性物質之正極、包含負極活性物質之負極、及非水電解質之非水電解質二次電池中之負極之電極合劑層中含有硫改性聚丙烯腈。
即,本發明係一種內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其係使具有包含正極活性物質之正極、包含負極活性物質之負極、及非水電解質之非水電解質二次電池中之負極之電極合劑層中含有硫改性聚丙烯腈。
本發明之內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法之特徵之一在於:使負極之電極合劑層中含有硫改性聚丙烯腈。藉此,即便發生內部短路,亦不易發生熱失控,而可減小起火或破裂之危險性。再者,硫改性聚丙烯腈係作為負極活性物質發揮作用。
硫改性聚丙烯腈係將聚丙烯腈及單質硫於非氧化性氣體氛圍中進行加熱處理所得之化合物。聚丙烯腈亦可為丙烯腈與其他單體、例如丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯、N-乙烯基甲醯胺、N,N'-亞甲基雙(丙烯醯胺)之共聚物,但由於若丙烯腈之含量變低則電池性能變低,故而丙烯腈與其他單體之共聚物之丙烯腈之含量較佳為至少90質量份以上。
硫改性聚丙烯腈係將聚丙烯腈及單質硫於非氧化性氣體氛圍中進行加熱處理所得之化合物。聚丙烯腈亦可為丙烯腈與其他單體、例如丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯、N-乙烯基甲醯胺、N,N'-亞甲基雙(丙烯醯胺)之共聚物,但由於若丙烯腈之含量變低則電池性能變低,故而丙烯腈與其他單體之共聚物之丙烯腈之含量較佳為至少90質量份以上。
關於加熱處理中之聚丙烯腈與單質硫之比率,相對於聚丙烯腈100質量份,較佳為單質硫100質量份~1500質量份,進而較佳為150質量份~1000質量份。加熱處理之溫度較佳為250℃~550℃,進而較佳為350℃~450℃。未反應之單質硫成為使二次電池之循環特性降低之要因,因此較佳為藉由例如加熱、溶劑洗淨等去除。就可獲得較大之充放電容量而言,硫改性聚丙烯腈之硫含量較佳為25質量%~60質量%,進而較佳為30質量%~55質量%。
硫改性聚丙烯腈之粒徑以平均粒徑計較佳為0.5 μm~100 μm。平均粒徑係指藉由雷射繞射光散射法測得之50%粒徑(D50)。粒徑係體積基準之直徑,於雷射繞射光散射法中,測定二次粒子之直徑。於使硫改性聚丙烯腈之平均粒徑小於0.5 μm時,需要大量勞力,但無法期望電池性能之進一步提昇,於大於100 μm之情形時,有無法獲得平滑之電極合劑層之情況。硫改性聚丙烯腈之粒徑更佳為1 μm~50 μm,進而較佳為1 μm~30 μm。硫改性聚丙烯腈可藉由粉碎等方法製成所需之粒徑。粉碎可為於氣體中進行之乾式粉碎,亦可為於水等液體中進行之濕式粉碎。作為工業上之粉碎方法,例如可列舉:球磨機、輥磨機、渦輪式粉碎機、噴射磨機、旋風磨機、錘磨機、針磨機、旋轉磨機、振動磨機、行星研磨機、磨碎機(attritor)、珠磨機。
負極係於集電體上形成有包含硫改性聚丙烯腈之電極合劑層者。電極合劑層係將漿料塗佈於集電體上並進行乾燥而形成,該漿料係將硫改性聚丙烯腈、黏合劑、導電助劑、及視需要之其他負極活性物質添加至溶劑中製備而成。
負極之電極合劑層中之硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量較佳為30質量%以上,更佳為40質量%以上,進而較佳為50質量%以上。於硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量少於30質量%之情形時,有無法充分獲得熱失控之抑制效果之情況。硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量之上限並無特別限制,但就有電極合劑層之物理強度降低之情況而言,較佳為99.5質量%以下,更佳為99質量%以下,進而較佳為98質量%以下。
負極之電極活性物質可僅設為硫改性聚丙烯腈,只要硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量為30質量%以上,則亦可與其他負極活性物質組合。尤其是,於負極之電極合劑層中之硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量較少之情形時,充放電容量變小,因此較佳為將硫改性聚丙烯腈與其他負極活性物質組合而使用。關於負極之電極合劑層中之負極活性物質之含量,由於使充放電容量變大,故而越多越佳,但若過多則電極合劑層之導電性或物理強度降低,因此較佳為99.5質量%以下,更佳為99質量%以下,進而較佳為98質量%以下。
作為其他負極活性物質,例如可列舉:天然石墨、人造石墨、難石墨化碳、易石墨化碳、鋰、鋰合金、矽、矽合金、氧化矽、錫、錫合金、氧化錫、磷、鍺、銦、氧化銅、硫化銻、氧化鈦、氧化鐵、氧化錳、氧化鈷、氧化鎳、氧化鉛、氧化釕、氧化鎢、氧化鋅、以及LiVO2
、Li2
VO4
、Li4
Ti5
O12
等複合氧化物。再者,天然石墨、人造石墨之導電性較高,而亦具有導電助劑之功能。
作為導電助劑,可使用作為電極之導電助劑而公知者,具體而言,可列舉:碳黑、科琴黑、乙炔黑、煙囪黑、爐黑、燈黑、熱碳黑、奈米碳管、氣相成長碳纖維(Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber,VGCF)、石墨烯、富勒烯、針狀焦等碳材料;鋁粉、鎳粉、鈦粉等金屬粉末;氧化鋅、氧化鈦等導電性金屬氧化物;La2
S3
、Sm2
S3
、Ce2
S3
、TiS2
等硫化物。關於導電助劑之粒徑,平均粒徑較佳為0.0001 μm~100 μm,更佳為0.01 μm~50 μm。
於電極合劑層含有天然石墨、人造石墨等導電性較高之負極活性物質之情形時,亦有無需導電助劑之情況,但為了獲得具有充分之導電性之電極合劑層,電極合劑層較佳為含有導電助劑。於電極合劑層中之導電助劑之含量過少之情形時,有無法獲得充分之導電性之情況,於過多之情形時,負極活性物質之含量變少而充放電容量降低,因此電極合劑層中之導電助劑之含量較佳為0.1質量%~30質量%,更佳為1質量%~20質量%,進而較佳為2質量%~15質量%。
黏合劑可使用作為電極之黏合劑而公知者,例如可列舉:苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚醯胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚醯亞胺、聚丙烯腈、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠、氟橡膠、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、丙烯腈丁二烯橡膠、苯乙烯-異戊二烯橡膠、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醚、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、甲基纖維素、纖維素奈米纖維、聚環氧乙烷、澱粉、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯酸等。
作為黏合劑,由於環境負載較低,故而較佳為水系黏合劑,進而較佳為苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠、羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚丙烯酸。黏合劑可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上組合而使用。電極合劑層中之黏合劑之含量較佳為0.5質量%~30質量%,進而較佳為1質量%~20質量%。
作為用於製備漿料之溶劑,例如可列舉:碳酸丙二酯、碳酸乙二酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲酯乙酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、乙腈、丙腈、四氫呋喃、2-甲基四氫呋喃、二㗁烷、1,3-二氧雜環戊烷、硝基甲烷、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、甲基乙基酮、環己酮、乙酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、二乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基胺基丙胺、聚環氧乙烷、四氫呋喃、二甲基亞碸、環丁碸、γ-丁內酯、水、醇等。溶劑之使用量可根據漿料之塗佈方法進行調整,例如於刮刀法之情形時,較佳為漿料之10質量%~80質量%,進而較佳為20質量%~70質量%。
漿料除電極活性物質、黏合劑、導電助劑以外,亦可包含其他成分。作為其他成分,例如可列舉:黏度調整劑、補強材料、抗氧化劑、分散劑等。
製備漿料之方法並無特別限制,例如可使用通常之球磨機、砂磨機、珠磨機、顏料分散機、擂潰機、超音波分散機、均質機、自轉-公轉混合機、行星式混合機、FILMIX、Jetpaster等。
作為集電體,使用鈦、鈦合金、鋁、鋁合金、銅、鎳、不鏽鋼、鍍鎳鋼等導電材料。該等導電材料有表面被碳包覆之情況。該等之中,就導電性或價格之觀點而言,較佳為鋁、銅。作為集電體之形狀,可列舉箔狀、板狀、網狀等,較佳為箔狀。箔狀之情形時之箔之厚度通常為1 μm~100 μm。
將漿料塗佈於集電體之方法並無特別限定,可使用模嘴塗佈機法、缺角輪塗佈機法、淋幕式塗佈機法、噴霧塗佈機法、凹版塗佈機法、軟版塗佈機法、刀式塗佈機法、刮刀法、逆輥塗佈機法、刷塗法、浸漬法等各方法。由於可與漿料之黏性等物性及乾燥性相配合地獲得良好之塗佈層之表面狀態,故而較佳為模嘴塗佈機法、刮刀法、刀式塗佈機法。漿料可塗佈於集電體之單面,亦可塗佈於兩面。於塗佈於集電體之兩面之情形時,可逐面逐次塗佈,亦可同時塗佈於兩面。又,可連續或間斷地塗佈於集電體之表面,亦可呈條紋狀進行塗佈。塗佈層之厚度、長度或寬度可根據電池之大小適當決定。
使塗佈於集電體上之漿料乾燥之方法並無特別限定,可使用利用溫風、熱風、低濕風進行之乾燥、真空乾燥、靜置於加熱爐等中、遠紅外線、紅外線、電子束等之照射等各方法。藉由該乾燥,使溶劑等揮發成分自漿料之塗膜揮發,而於集電體上形成電極合劑層。此後,亦可視需要對電極進行加壓處理。作為加壓處理之方法,例如可列舉:模具加壓法、輥加壓法。
本發明可應用之非水電解質二次電池之正極之正極活性物質可使用公知之正極活性物質。作為公知之正極活性物質,例如可列舉:鋰過渡金屬複合氧化物、含鋰之過渡金屬磷酸化合物、含鋰之矽酸鹽化合物、含鋰之過渡金屬硫酸鹽化合物等。作為上述鋰過渡金屬複合氧化物之過渡金屬,較佳為釩、鈦、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳、銅等。作為鋰過渡金屬複合氧化物之具體例,可列舉:LiCoO2
等鋰鈷複合氧化物;LiNiO2
等鋰鎳複合氧化物;LiMnO2
、LiMn2
O4
、Li2
MnO3
等鋰錳複合氧化物;利用鋁、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鋰、鎳、銅、鋅、鎂、鎵、鋯等其他金屬置換成為該等鋰過渡金屬複合氧化物之主體之過渡金屬原子之一部分而成者等。利用其他金屬置換成為主體之過渡金屬原子之一部分而成之鋰過渡金屬複合氧化物例如可列舉:Li1.1
Mn1.8
Mg0.1
O4
、Li1.1
Mn1.85
Al0.05
O4
、LiNi0.5
Co0.2
Mn0.3
O2
、LiNi0.8
Co0.1
Mn0.1
O2
、LiNi0.5
Mn0.5
O2
、LiNi0.80
Co0.17
Al0.03
O2
、LiNi0.80
Co0.15
Al0.05
O2
、Li(Ni1/3
Co1/3
Mn1/3
)O2
、LiNi0.6
Co0.2
Mn0.2
O2
、LiMn1.8
Al0.2
O4
、LiNi0.5
Mn1.5
O4
、Li2
MnO3
-LiMO2
(M=Co、Ni、Mn)等。作為上述含鋰之過渡金屬磷酸化合物之過渡金屬,較佳為釩、鈦、錳、鐵、鈷、鎳等,作為具體例,例如可列舉:LiFePO4
、LiMnx
Fe1-x
PO4
(0<x<1)等磷酸鐵化合物類;LiCoPO4
等磷酸鈷化合物類;利用鋁、鈦、釩、鉻、錳、鐵、鈷、鋰、鎳、銅、鋅、鎂、鎵、鋯、鈮等其他金屬置換成為該等鋰過渡金屬磷酸化合物之主體之過渡金屬原子之一部分而成者;Li3
V2
(PO4
)3
等磷酸釩化合物類等。作為含鋰之矽酸鹽化合物,可列舉Li2
FeSiO4
等。作為含鋰之過渡金屬硫酸鹽化合物,可列舉LiFeSO4
、LiFeSO4
F等。該等可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上組合而使用。
作為本發明之熱失控之抑制方法所使用之正極活性物質,較佳為LiCoO2
、LiMn2
O4
、LiNi0.5
Mn1.5
O4
、Li(Ni0.8
Co0.15
Al0.05
)O2
、LiNiX
CoY
MnZ
O2
(X+Y+Z=1、0≦X≦1、0≦Y≦1、0≦Z≦1)、LiNiO2
、Li2
MnO3
-LiMO2
(M=Co、Ni、Mn)。該等正極活性物質具有較大之充放電容量,容易因內部短路而發生熱失控,但藉由使用含有硫改性聚丙烯腈之負極,可抑制非水電解質二次電池之內部短路所致熱失控。
本發明可應用之非水電解質二次電池之正極可藉由將上述負極之製造方法之負極活性物質置換為上述公知之正極活性物質而製造。但是,正極活性物質大多為於水溶液中顯示出酸性之化合物,因此較佳為使用有機溶劑作為漿料之溶劑,黏合劑亦較佳為使用溶劑系黏合劑。
作為本發明可應用之非水電解質二次電池之非水電解質,例如可列舉:將電解質溶解於有機溶劑所獲得之液體電解質;將電解質溶解於有機溶劑並利用高分子進行凝膠化所得之高分子凝膠電解質;不含有機溶劑而使電解質分散於高分子中所得之純正高分子電解質;無機固體電解質等。
作為液體電解質及高分子凝膠電解質所使用之電解質,例如使用先前公知之鋰鹽,例如可列舉:LiPF6
、LiBF4
、LiAsF6
、LiCF3
SO3
、LiCF3
CO2
、LiN(CF3
SO2
)2
、LiN(C2
F5
SO2
)2
、LiN(SO2
F)2
、LiC(CF3
SO2
)3
、LiB(CF3
SO3
)4
、LiB(C2
O4
)2
、LiBF2
(C2
O4
)、LiSbF6
、LiSiF5
、LiSCN、LiClO4
、LiCl、LiF、LiBr、LiI、LiAlF4
、LiAlCl4
、LiPO2
F2
及該等之衍生物等。該等之中,較佳為使用選自由LiPF6
、LiBF4
、LiClO4
、LiAsF6
、LiCF3
SO3
、LiN(CF3
SO2
)2
、LiN(C2
F5
SO2
)2
、LiN(SO2
F)2
、及LiC(CF3
SO2
)3
以及LiCF3
SO3
之衍生物、及LiC(CF3
SO2
)3
之衍生物所組成之群中之1種以上。液體電解質及高分子凝膠電解質中之電解質之含量較佳為0.5 mol/L~7 mol/L,更佳為0.8 mol/L~1.8 mol/L。
作為純正高分子電解質所使用之電解質,例如可列舉:LiN(CF3
SO2
)2
、LiN(C2
F5
SO2
)2
、LiN(SO2
F)2
、LiC(CF3
SO2
)3
、LiB(CF3
SO3
)4
、LiB(C2
O4
)2
。
作為無機固體電解質,可列舉:Li1+x
Ax
B2-y
(PO4
)3
(A=Al、Ge、Sn、Hf、Zr、Sc、Y,B=Ti、Ge、Zn,0<x<0.5)、LiMPO4
(M=Mn、Fe、Co、Ni)、Li3
PO4
等磷酸系材料;Li3
XO4
(X=As、V)、Li3+x
Ax
B1-x
O4
(A=Si、Ge、Ti,B=P、As、V,0<x<0.6)、Li4+x
Ax
Si1-x
O4
(A=B、Al、Ga、Cr、Fe,0<x<0.4)(A=Ni、Co,0<x<0.1) Li4-3y
Aly
SiO4
(0<y<0.06)、Li4-2y
Zny
GeO4
(0<y<0.25)、LiAlO2
、Li2
BO4
、Li4
XO4
(X=Si、Ge、Ti)、鈦酸鋰(LiTiO2
、LiTi2
O4
、Li4
TiO4
、Li2
TiO3
、Li2
Ti3
O7
、Li4
Ti5
O12
)等鋰複合氧化物;LiBr、LiF、LiCl、LiPF6
、LiBF4
等含有鋰及鹵素之化合物;LiPON、LiN(SO2
CF3
)2
、LiN(SO2
C2
F5
)2
、Li3
N、LiN(SO2
C3
F7
)2
等含有鋰及氮之化合物;La0.55
Li0.35
TiO3
等具有鋰離子傳導性之具有鈣鈦礦結構之結晶;Li7
-La3
Zr2
O13
等具有石榴石型結構之結晶;50Li4
SiO4
・50Li3
BO3
等玻璃;Li10
GeP2
S12
、Li3.25
Ge0.25
P0.75
S4
等鋰-磷硫化物系之結晶;30Li2
S・26B2
S3
・44LiI、63Li2
S・36SiS2
・1Li3
PO4
、57Li2
S・38SiS2
・5Li4
SiO4
、70Li2
S・30GeS2
、50Li2
S・50GeS2
等鋰-磷硫化物系之玻璃;Li7
P3
S11
、Li3.25
P0.95
S4
、Li10
GeP2
S12
、Li9.6
P3
S12
、Li9.54
Si1.74
P1.44
S11.7
Cl0.3
等玻璃陶瓷等。再者,無機固體電解質亦可被高分子凝膠電解質被覆。又,於使用無機固體電解質之情形時,亦可於無機固體電解質之層與電極之間設置高分子凝膠電解質之層。
作為本發明所使用之用於製備非水電解質之有機溶劑,可將非水電解質通常使用者使用1種或組合2種以上而使用。具體而言,例如可列舉:飽和環狀碳酸酯化合物、飽和環狀酯化合物、亞碸化合物、碸化合物、醯胺化合物、飽和鏈狀碳酸酯化合物、鏈狀醚化合物、環狀醚化合物、飽和鏈狀酯化合物等。
上述有機溶劑中,飽和環狀碳酸酯化合物、飽和環狀酯化合物、亞碸化合物、碸化合物及醯胺化合物由於相對介電常數較高,故而發揮提高非水電解質之介電常數之作用,故而較佳,尤佳為飽和環狀碳酸酯化合物。作為飽和環狀碳酸酯化合物,例如可列舉:碳酸乙二酯、碳酸1,2-丙二酯、碳酸1,3-丙二酯、碳酸1,2-丁二酯、碳酸1,3-丁二酯、碳酸1,1-二甲基乙二酯等。作為上述飽和環狀酯化合物,例如可列舉:γ-丁內酯、γ-戊內酯、γ-己內酯、δ-己內酯、δ-辛內酯等。作為上述亞碸化合物,例如可列舉:二甲基亞碸、二乙基亞碸、二丙基亞碸、二苯基亞碸、噻吩等。作為上述碸化合物,例如可列舉:二甲基碸、二乙基碸、二丙基碸、二苯基碸、環丁碸(亦稱作四亞甲基碸)、3-甲基環丁碸、3,4-二甲基環丁碸、3,4-二苯基甲基環丁碸、環丁烯碸、3-甲基環丁烯碸、3-乙基環丁烯碸、3-溴甲基環丁烯碸等,較佳為環丁碸、四甲基環丁碸。作為上述醯胺化合物,可列舉:N-甲基吡咯啶酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺等。
上述有機溶劑中,飽和鏈狀碳酸酯化合物、鏈狀醚化合物、環狀醚化合物及飽和鏈狀酯化合物可使輸出密度等電池特性優異,例如可降低非水電解質之黏度,可提高電解質離子之移動性等。又,由於為低黏度,故而可提高低溫下之非水電解質之性能,因此尤佳為飽和鏈狀碳酸酯化合物。作為飽和鏈狀碳酸酯化合物,例如可列舉:碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲酯乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸乙基丁酯、碳酸甲基第三丁酯、碳酸二異丙酯、碳酸第三丁基丙酯等。作為上述鏈狀醚化合物或環狀醚化合物,例如可列舉:二甲氧基乙烷、乙氧基甲氧基乙烷、二乙氧基乙烷、四氫呋喃、二氧雜環戊烷、二㗁烷、1,2-雙(甲氧基羰氧基)乙烷、1,2-雙(乙氧基羰氧基)乙烷、1,2-雙(乙氧基羰氧基)丙烷、乙二醇雙(三氟乙基)醚、丙二醇雙(三氟乙基)醚、乙二醇雙(三氟甲基)醚、二乙二醇雙(三氟乙基)醚等,該等之中,較佳為二氧雜環戊烷。
作為上述飽和鏈狀酯化合物,較佳為分子中之碳數合計為2~8之單酯化合物及雙酯化合物,作為具體之化合物,例如可列舉:甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯、異丁酸甲酯、三甲基乙酸甲酯、三甲基乙酸乙酯、丙二酸甲酯、丙二酸乙酯、丁二酸甲酯、丁二酸乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、乙二醇雙乙酸酯、丙二醇雙乙酸酯等,較佳為甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸異丁酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯、及丙酸乙酯。
除此以外,作為用於製備非水電解質之有機溶劑,亦可使用例如乙腈、丙腈、硝基甲烷或該等之衍生物、各種離子液體。
作為高分子凝膠電解質所使用之高分子,可列舉:聚環氧乙烷、聚環氧丙烷、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚六氟丙烯等。作為純正高分子電解質所使用之高分子,可列舉:聚環氧乙烷、聚環氧丙烷、聚苯乙烯磺酸。凝膠電解質中之調配比率、複合化之方法並無特別限制,可採用本技術領域中公知之調配比率、公知之複合化方法。
為了提昇電池壽命,提昇安全性等,非水電解質亦可包含例如電極覆膜形成劑、抗氧化劑、阻燃劑、過度充電防止劑等公知之其他添加劑。於使用其他添加劑之情形時,相對於非水電解質整體,通常為0.01質量份~10質量份,較佳為0.1質量份~5質量份。
本發明可應用之非水電解質二次電池有於正極與負極之間具有分隔件之情況。作為分隔件,可無特別限定地使用非水電解質二次電池所通常使用之高分子之微多孔性之膜。作為膜,例如可列舉包含以聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯醯胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚碸、聚醚碸、聚碳酸酯、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚環氧乙烷或聚環氧丙烷等聚醚類、羧甲基纖維素或羥丙基纖維素等各種纖維素類、聚(甲基)丙烯酸及其各種酯類等為主體之高分子化合物或其衍生物、該等之共聚物或混合物之膜等,該等膜有被氧化鋁或氧化矽等陶瓷材料或氧化鎂、芳香族聚醯胺樹脂、聚偏二氟乙烯包覆之情況。
該等膜可單獨使用,亦可將該等膜重疊而作為複層膜使用。進而,該等膜中可使用各種添加劑,其種類或含量並無特別限制。該等膜中,藉由二次電池之製造方法製造之二次電池中,較佳為使用包含聚乙烯或聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚碸之膜。再者,於非水溶劑電解質為純性高分子電解質或無機固體電解質之情形時,有不包括分隔件之情況。
作為本發明可應用之非水電解質二次電池之外裝構件,可使用層壓膜或金屬製容器。外裝構件之厚度通常為0.5 mm以下,較佳為0.3 mm以下。作為外裝構件之形狀,可列舉:扁平型(薄型)、方型、圓筒型、硬幣型、鈕扣型等。
層壓膜亦可使用於樹脂膜間具有金屬層之多層膜。為了輕量化,金屬層較佳為鋁箔或鋁合金箔。樹脂膜例如可使用聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龍、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯等高分子材料。層壓膜可藉由熱熔合進行密封而形成為外裝構件之形狀。
金屬製容器例如可由不鏽鋼、鋁或鋁合金等形成。作為鋁合金,較佳為含有鎂、鋅、矽等元素之合金。於鋁或鋁合金中,使鐵、銅、鎳、鉻等過渡金屬之含量為1%以下,藉此可使高溫環境下之長期可靠性及散熱性飛躍性地提昇。
本發明所應用之非水電解質二次電池可為單電池,亦可為正極與負極介隔分隔件積層多層而成之積層式電池、或將長條片狀之分隔件、正極及負極捲繞而成之捲繞式電池,但就電池之充放電容量較高,容易發生內部短路所致熱失控而言,本發明較佳為用於積層式之非水電解質二次電池或捲繞式之非水電解質二次電池。
[實施例]
[實施例]
以下,藉由實施例及比較例更詳細地對本發明進行說明。但是,本發明並不受以下之實施例等之任何限制。再者,實施例中之「份」或「%」只要未作特別說明,則指基於質量者。
[製造例1]
硫改性聚丙烯腈之合成
使用研缽將利用開口直徑30 μm之篩進行分級所得之聚丙烯腈粉末(Sigma-Aldrich製造)10質量份及硫粉末(Sigma-Aldrich製造,平均粒徑200 μm)30質量份進行混合。依據日本專利特開2013-054957號公報之實施例,將該混合物收容於有底圓筒狀玻璃管後,將玻璃管之下部放入至坩堝型電爐,於氮氣流下一面將產生之硫化氫去除一面以400℃加熱1小時。冷卻後,將產物放入至玻璃管烘箱,一面進行真空抽吸一面以250℃加熱3小時,藉此將單質硫去除。使用球磨機將所獲得之硫改性產物粉碎,並利用篩進行分級,而獲得平均粒徑為10 μm之硫改性聚丙烯腈。所獲得之硫改性聚丙烯腈之硫含量為38.4質量%。再者,硫含量係根據使用能夠分析硫及氧之CHN分析裝置之分析結果而算出。
硫改性聚丙烯腈之合成
使用研缽將利用開口直徑30 μm之篩進行分級所得之聚丙烯腈粉末(Sigma-Aldrich製造)10質量份及硫粉末(Sigma-Aldrich製造,平均粒徑200 μm)30質量份進行混合。依據日本專利特開2013-054957號公報之實施例,將該混合物收容於有底圓筒狀玻璃管後,將玻璃管之下部放入至坩堝型電爐,於氮氣流下一面將產生之硫化氫去除一面以400℃加熱1小時。冷卻後,將產物放入至玻璃管烘箱,一面進行真空抽吸一面以250℃加熱3小時,藉此將單質硫去除。使用球磨機將所獲得之硫改性產物粉碎,並利用篩進行分級,而獲得平均粒徑為10 μm之硫改性聚丙烯腈。所獲得之硫改性聚丙烯腈之硫含量為38.4質量%。再者,硫含量係根據使用能夠分析硫及氧之CHN分析裝置之分析結果而算出。
[正極1之製造]
將作為正極活性物質之90.0質量份之Li(Ni1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 )O2 (日本化學工業製造,商品名:NCM111)、作為導電助劑之5.0質量份之乙炔黑(電氣化學工業製造)、作為黏合劑之5.0質量份之聚偏二氟乙烯(KUREHA製造)混合至100質量份之N-甲基吡咯啶酮中,使用自轉-公轉混合機進行分散而製備漿料。藉由缺角輪塗佈機法將該漿料組合物連續地塗佈於輥狀之鋁箔(厚度20 μm)之集電體之兩面,於90℃下乾燥3小時。將該輥切成縱50 mm、橫90 mm,將橫邊(短邊)側之一者之兩面之電極合劑層自端部起去除10 mm,而使集電體露出後,於150℃下進行2小時真空乾燥,而製作以Li(Ni1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 )O2 作為正極活性物質之正極1。
將作為正極活性物質之90.0質量份之Li(Ni1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 )O2 (日本化學工業製造,商品名:NCM111)、作為導電助劑之5.0質量份之乙炔黑(電氣化學工業製造)、作為黏合劑之5.0質量份之聚偏二氟乙烯(KUREHA製造)混合至100質量份之N-甲基吡咯啶酮中,使用自轉-公轉混合機進行分散而製備漿料。藉由缺角輪塗佈機法將該漿料組合物連續地塗佈於輥狀之鋁箔(厚度20 μm)之集電體之兩面,於90℃下乾燥3小時。將該輥切成縱50 mm、橫90 mm,將橫邊(短邊)側之一者之兩面之電極合劑層自端部起去除10 mm,而使集電體露出後,於150℃下進行2小時真空乾燥,而製作以Li(Ni1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 )O2 作為正極活性物質之正極1。
[正極2之製造]
使用Li(Ni0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 )O2 代替Li(Ni1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 )O2 作為正極活性物質,除此以外,以與正極1之製造相同之順序製作以Li(Ni0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 )O2 作為正極活性物質之正極2。
使用Li(Ni0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 )O2 代替Li(Ni1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 )O2 作為正極活性物質,除此以外,以與正極1之製造相同之順序製作以Li(Ni0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 )O2 作為正極活性物質之正極2。
[負極1之製造]
將作為電極活性物質之92.0質量份之硫改性聚丙烯腈、作為導電助劑之3.5質量份之乙炔黑(電氣化學工業製造)、1.5質量份之奈米碳管(VGCF,昭和電工製造)、作為黏合劑之1.5質量份之苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(水分散液,日本瑞翁製造)、及1.5質量份之羧甲基纖維素鈉(Daicel Fine Chem製造)混合至120質量份之水中,使用自轉-公轉混合機進行分散而製備漿料。藉由缺角輪塗佈機法將該漿料組合物連續地塗佈於輥狀之碳包覆鋁箔(厚度22 μm)之集電體之兩面,於90℃下乾燥3小時。將該輥切成縱55 mm、橫95 mm,將橫邊(短邊)側之一者之兩面之電極合劑層自端部起去除10 mm,而使集電體露出後,於150℃下進行2小時真空乾燥,而製作以硫改性聚丙烯腈作為負極活性物質之負極1。
將作為電極活性物質之92.0質量份之硫改性聚丙烯腈、作為導電助劑之3.5質量份之乙炔黑(電氣化學工業製造)、1.5質量份之奈米碳管(VGCF,昭和電工製造)、作為黏合劑之1.5質量份之苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(水分散液,日本瑞翁製造)、及1.5質量份之羧甲基纖維素鈉(Daicel Fine Chem製造)混合至120質量份之水中,使用自轉-公轉混合機進行分散而製備漿料。藉由缺角輪塗佈機法將該漿料組合物連續地塗佈於輥狀之碳包覆鋁箔(厚度22 μm)之集電體之兩面,於90℃下乾燥3小時。將該輥切成縱55 mm、橫95 mm,將橫邊(短邊)側之一者之兩面之電極合劑層自端部起去除10 mm,而使集電體露出後,於150℃下進行2小時真空乾燥,而製作以硫改性聚丙烯腈作為負極活性物質之負極1。
[負極2之製造]
將電極活性物質之硫改性聚丙烯腈之量自92.0質量份變更為87.0質量份,並將導電助劑之乙炔黑之量自3.5質量份變更為8.5質量份,除此以外,以與負極1相同之順序製作以硫改性聚丙烯腈作為負極活性物質之負極2。
將電極活性物質之硫改性聚丙烯腈之量自92.0質量份變更為87.0質量份,並將導電助劑之乙炔黑之量自3.5質量份變更為8.5質量份,除此以外,以與負極1相同之順序製作以硫改性聚丙烯腈作為負極活性物質之負極2。
[負極3之製造]
使用人造石墨代替硫改性聚丙烯腈作為電極活性物質,並使用輥狀之銅箔(厚度10 μm)代替輥狀之碳包覆鋁箔(厚度22 μm)作為集電體,除此以外,以與負極1相同之順序製作將人造石墨作為負極活性物質之負極3。
使用人造石墨代替硫改性聚丙烯腈作為電極活性物質,並使用輥狀之銅箔(厚度10 μm)代替輥狀之碳包覆鋁箔(厚度22 μm)作為集電體,除此以外,以與負極1相同之順序製作將人造石墨作為負極活性物質之負極3。
[非水電解質之製備]
於包含碳酸乙二酯50體積%、碳酸二乙酯50體積%之混合溶劑中,使LiPF6 以1.0 mol/L之濃度溶解而製備電解質溶液。
於包含碳酸乙二酯50體積%、碳酸二乙酯50體積%之混合溶劑中,使LiPF6 以1.0 mol/L之濃度溶解而製備電解質溶液。
<積層型層壓電池之製作>
以成為表1所示之正極與負極之組合及電池容量之方式,將正極及負極介隔分隔件(Celgard公司製造,商品名:Celgard2325)進行積層,並分別於正極及負極設置正極端子及負極端子,而獲得積層體。將所獲得之積層體及非水電解質收容於可撓性膜而獲得實施例1~4及比較例1~2之積層型之層壓電池。
以成為表1所示之正極與負極之組合及電池容量之方式,將正極及負極介隔分隔件(Celgard公司製造,商品名:Celgard2325)進行積層,並分別於正極及負極設置正極端子及負極端子,而獲得積層體。將所獲得之積層體及非水電解質收容於可撓性膜而獲得實施例1~4及比較例1~2之積層型之層壓電池。
[表1]
[充電方法]
實施例1~4之電池係於30℃之恆溫槽中,將充電終止電壓設為3.2 V,將放電終止電壓設為0.8 V,以充電率0.1 C、放電率0.1 C進行1次充放電,進行排氣處理。進而,將相同條件下之充放電循環進行3次後,以充電率0.1 C充電至3.2 V後用於試驗。比較例1~2之電池係於30℃之恆溫槽中,將充電終止電壓設為4.2 V,將放電終止電壓設為3.0 V,以充電率0.1 C、放電率0.1 C進行1次充放電,進行排氣處理。進而,將相同條件下之充放電循環進行3次後,以充電率0.1 C充電至4.2 V後用於試驗。
實施例1~4之電池係於30℃之恆溫槽中,將充電終止電壓設為3.2 V,將放電終止電壓設為0.8 V,以充電率0.1 C、放電率0.1 C進行1次充放電,進行排氣處理。進而,將相同條件下之充放電循環進行3次後,以充電率0.1 C充電至3.2 V後用於試驗。比較例1~2之電池係於30℃之恆溫槽中,將充電終止電壓設為4.2 V,將放電終止電壓設為3.0 V,以充電率0.1 C、放電率0.1 C進行1次充放電,進行排氣處理。進而,將相同條件下之充放電循環進行3次後,以充電率0.1 C充電至4.2 V後用於試驗。
[釘刺試驗方法]
將電池固定於開有直徑10 mm之孔之酚系樹脂板上,於孔之中央部,使直徑3 mm、長度65 mm之鐵製之釘以1 mm/s之速度對電池表面垂直地進行穿刺,貫通電池10 mm後保持10分鐘後,將釘拔出。將對電池刺釘後30秒後、5分鐘後及剛拔出釘後之電池之表面溫度(℃)示於表2。再者,電池之表面溫度係使用熱電偶測定距釘刺部10 mm之電池表面之溫度。
將電池固定於開有直徑10 mm之孔之酚系樹脂板上,於孔之中央部,使直徑3 mm、長度65 mm之鐵製之釘以1 mm/s之速度對電池表面垂直地進行穿刺,貫通電池10 mm後保持10分鐘後,將釘拔出。將對電池刺釘後30秒後、5分鐘後及剛拔出釘後之電池之表面溫度(℃)示於表2。再者,電池之表面溫度係使用熱電偶測定距釘刺部10 mm之電池表面之溫度。
[表2]
[產業上之可利用性]
根據本發明,可提供一種非水電解質二次電池,其不會大型化或大幅度增加成本,為小型且輕量、高容量,即便發生內部短路亦不易發生熱失控,而無起火或破裂之危險性。
1‧‧‧正極
1a‧‧‧正極集電體
2‧‧‧負極
2a‧‧‧負極集電體
3‧‧‧非水電解質
4‧‧‧正極殼體
5‧‧‧負極殼體
6‧‧‧襯墊
7‧‧‧分隔件
10‧‧‧硬幣型之非水電解質二次電池
10'‧‧‧圓筒型之非水電解質二次電池
11‧‧‧負極
12‧‧‧負極集電體
13‧‧‧正極
14‧‧‧正極集電體
15‧‧‧非水電解質
16‧‧‧分隔件
17‧‧‧正極端子
18‧‧‧負極端子
19‧‧‧負極板
20‧‧‧負極引線
21‧‧‧正極板
22‧‧‧正極引線
23‧‧‧殼體
24‧‧‧絕緣板
25‧‧‧襯墊
26‧‧‧安全閥
27‧‧‧PTC元件
圖1係概略性地表示非水電解質二次電池之硬幣型電池之結構之一例之縱截面圖。
圖2係表示非水電解質二次電池之圓筒型電池之基本構成之概略圖。
圖3係以剖面表示非水電解質二次電池之圓筒型電池之內部結構之立體圖。
Claims (4)
- 一種內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其係使具有包含正極活性物質之正極、包含負極活性物質之負極、及非水電解質之非水電解質二次電池中之負極之電極合劑層中含有硫改性聚丙烯腈。
- 如請求項1之內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其中負極之電極合劑層中之硫改性聚丙烯腈之含量為30質量%以上。
- 如請求項1之內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其中非水電解質係以有機溶劑作為溶劑之非水電解質。
- 如請求項1之內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法,其中正極活性物質係選自由鋰過渡金屬複合氧化物、含鋰之過渡金屬磷酸化合物、含鋰之矽酸鹽化合物所組成之群中之至少1種。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018056968 | 2018-03-23 | ||
| JP2018-056968 | 2018-03-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201941484A true TW201941484A (zh) | 2019-10-16 |
Family
ID=67987715
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW108108829A TW201941484A (zh) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-15 | 內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200335789A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP3780170A4 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2019181703A1 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20200135292A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW201941484A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2019181703A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021060043A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-01 | 株式会社Adeka | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル |
| KR102950984B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-27 | 2026-04-09 | 가부시키가이샤 아데카 | 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 전극 및 당해 전극을 사용한 비수 전해질 이차 전지 |
| JP7387416B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2023-11-28 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 固体電解質、固体電解質膜、電極及びアルカリ金属電池 |
| EP4167313A4 (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2025-07-23 | Adeka Corp | Electrode and lithium ion secondary battery |
| KR20230029696A (ko) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-03-03 | 가부시키가이샤 아데카 | 황 변성 폴리아크릴로니트릴, 그것을 포함하는 전극 활물질, 그 전극 활물질을 포함하는 이차 전지용 전극, 그 전극의 제조 방법 및 그 전극을 사용한 비수 전해질 이차 전지 |
| EP4174095A4 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2024-08-14 | Adeka Corporation | SULFUR-MODIFIED POLYACRYLNITRILE, ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL CONTAINING THE SAME, SECONDARY BATTERY ELECTRODE THEREOF AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| US11682805B2 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2023-06-20 | Prologium Technology Co., Ltd. | Thermal runaway suppression element and the related applications |
| KR20220051500A (ko) | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-26 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 무기 코팅층이 형성된 음극의 제조방법 |
| CN112786834A (zh) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-05-11 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 一种正极极片及包含其的锂离子电池 |
| CN114464887B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-04-05 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3394020B2 (ja) | 2000-06-29 | 2003-04-07 | 株式会社東芝 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP3953026B2 (ja) | 2003-12-12 | 2007-08-01 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用極板およびリチウムイオン二次電池並びにその製造方法 |
| JP5093997B2 (ja) | 2005-06-30 | 2012-12-12 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
| CN101288199B (zh) | 2005-10-12 | 2011-06-15 | 三井化学株式会社 | 非水电解液以及使用其的锂二次电池 |
| JP5206408B2 (ja) | 2006-07-13 | 2013-06-12 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電気化学デバイス |
| JP5150095B2 (ja) | 2006-12-20 | 2013-02-20 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質電池 |
| EP2337126A4 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2013-09-04 | Nat Inst Of Advanced Ind Scien | SWEAT-MODIFIED POLYACRYLNITRILE, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF |
| JP5510002B2 (ja) | 2010-03-31 | 2014-06-04 | Tdk株式会社 | 活物質の製造方法、及び電極の製造方法 |
| WO2012114651A1 (ja) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルおよびその評価方法ならびに硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを用いた正極、非水電解質二次電池、および車両 |
| JP5263557B2 (ja) | 2011-09-05 | 2013-08-14 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用正極ならびに非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP2014096326A (ja) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-05-22 | Toyota Industries Corp | 二次電池用負極活物質、並びにこれを用いた負極及び二次電池 |
| RU2672556C2 (ru) * | 2013-09-02 | 2018-11-16 | Мицубиси Газ Кемикал Компани, Инк. | Батарея с твёрдым электролитом и способ получения активного материала электрода |
| JP6394253B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-03 | 2018-09-26 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 非水系二次電池用電極、その製造方法及び非水系二次電池 |
| KR20160102108A (ko) | 2014-10-10 | 2016-08-29 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 적층체, 적층체를 포함하는 비수 전해액 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터, 및 비수 전해액 이차 전지 |
| CN107431235B (zh) | 2015-03-23 | 2019-12-13 | 远景Aesc能源元器件有限公司 | 锂离子二次电池 |
| JP6380221B2 (ja) | 2015-04-27 | 2018-08-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 活物質複合粒子、電極活物質層および全固体リチウム電池 |
| JP6908435B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-02 | 2021-07-28 | 株式会社Adeka | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの製造方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-03-13 WO PCT/JP2019/010400 patent/WO2019181703A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-03-13 EP EP19771267.2A patent/EP3780170A4/en active Pending
- 2019-03-13 US US16/960,713 patent/US20200335789A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-03-13 KR KR1020207020713A patent/KR20200135292A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2019-03-13 JP JP2020508279A patent/JPWO2019181703A1/ja active Pending
- 2019-03-15 TW TW108108829A patent/TW201941484A/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2019181703A1 (ja) | 2021-03-18 |
| US20200335789A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
| WO2019181703A1 (ja) | 2019-09-26 |
| EP3780170A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
| EP3780170A4 (en) | 2021-12-15 |
| KR20200135292A (ko) | 2020-12-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7821558B2 (ja) | 導電性アンダーコート剤 | |
| TW201941484A (zh) | 內部短路所致熱失控之抑制方法 | |
| US9972835B2 (en) | Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery, method for manufacturing the same, and rechargeable lithium battery including the same | |
| EP3761416B1 (en) | Organic sulfur-based electrode active material | |
| JP7627654B2 (ja) | 電解質用組成物、非水電解質及び非水電解質二次電池 | |
| JP7304339B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池、及びその作動方法 | |
| JP7821555B2 (ja) | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル、それを含む電極活物質、該電極活物質を含む二次電池用電極、該電極の製造方法及び該電極を用いた非水電解質二次電池 | |
| CN105895905A (zh) | 电池正极材料和锂离子电池 | |
| WO2023085245A1 (ja) | 組成物、電極、電池及び電極活物質材料 | |
| KR102227102B1 (ko) | 리튬이차전지 전극 코팅 방법, 및 이에 따라 제조한 전극을 포함하는 리튬이차전지 | |
| WO2020017378A1 (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池 | |
| CN115702509B (zh) | 电极和锂离子二次电池 | |
| JP7685437B2 (ja) | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル | |
| US12209156B2 (en) | Production method of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile | |
| JP2010135115A (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池 | |
| JP2021118031A (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池 | |
| WO2021124522A1 (ja) | 電極活物質及びその製造方法、電極合剤層形成用組成物、非水電解質二次電池用電極並びに非水電解質二次電池 | |
| WO2015046495A1 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池の正極材料 | |
| JP7821556B2 (ja) | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル、それを含む電極活物質、該電極活物質を含む二次電池用電極、該電極の製造方法及び該電極を用いた非水電解質二次電池 | |
| JP2019220415A (ja) | 組成物、非水電解質及び非水電解質二次電池 | |
| WO2026053802A1 (ja) | 複合材料、電極及び電池 | |
| JP2021051854A (ja) | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 | |
| JP2024101603A (ja) | 導電助剤用薄片化黒鉛、正極形成用組成物及びその製造方法、正極及びその製造方法並びに二次電池 | |
| WO2024057992A1 (ja) | 硫黄含有材料、硫黄含有電池材料、電極及び電池 |