TW201818999A - 積層不織布片及面罩 - Google Patents

積層不織布片及面罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201818999A
TW201818999A TW106139048A TW106139048A TW201818999A TW 201818999 A TW201818999 A TW 201818999A TW 106139048 A TW106139048 A TW 106139048A TW 106139048 A TW106139048 A TW 106139048A TW 201818999 A TW201818999 A TW 201818999A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
fiber layer
nonwoven fabric
fabric sheet
fibers
laminated
Prior art date
Application number
TW106139048A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
小島満
Original Assignee
日商捷恩智股份有限公司
日商捷恩智纖維股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 日商捷恩智股份有限公司, 日商捷恩智纖維股份有限公司 filed Critical 日商捷恩智股份有限公司
Publication of TW201818999A publication Critical patent/TW201818999A/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
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    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
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    • B01D39/1607Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1615Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of natural origin
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    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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Abstract

本發明的課題在於提供一種可用作面罩的濾材的不織布片,其使高的塵埃捕集性能與低的壓力損失併存,進而對於肌膚的適合性與柔軟性優異。本發明提供一種積層不織布片,其是將極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層一體化而成,並且,於所述極細纖維層的單面或兩面積層有所述親水性短纖維層,所述極細纖維層是將20質量%~80質量%的熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)與80質量%~20質量%的在較該熱塑性樹脂(A)更低的溫度下熔融或軟化的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)混纖而成,另外,所述極細纖維層含有受阻胺系化合物,所述積層不織布片進行了駐極體加工,且一方向上的10%伸長強度與相對於該一方向的垂直方向上的10%伸長強度不同。

Description

積層不織布片
本發明是有關於一種將多種不織布積層一體化而成的積層不織布片。
先前,於用以去除花粉或粉塵等微細塵埃的面罩中一直使用不織布片。針對面罩要求以高效率捕集微細塵埃,並且氣體通過時的吸氣阻力少,以不使穿戴者感到氣悶。
例如,專利文獻1中揭示有一種褶(pleats)型衛生面罩,其具有最內層/過濾層/最外層這至少三層,且於最內層的周緣部的與人的臉頰接觸的部分設置密封材,另外,最內層與最外層的至少一者具有特定範圍的抗彎曲性(bending resistance),過濾層具有特定範圍的壓力損失。專利文獻1的面罩藉由面罩周緣部的密封材而消除面罩與臉面之間的間隙,藉此提高面罩的防護性。另外,藉由提高最內層或最外層的不織布的剛性,從而提高面罩的保形性。
專利文獻2中揭示有使用包含特定的烯烴系共聚物成分與特定的熱塑性彈性體成分的彈性不織布者作為不織布製的一次性面罩的彈性構件。專利文獻2的發明是藉由使用包含彈性體成分的不織布而提高適合性者,且揭示有如下情況:預先調配烯烴系共聚物成分與彈性體成分,並將在軟化點以上的溫度下熔融混練者自紡紗模口擠出而製成不織布。
另外,另一方面,眾所周知的是:為了提高塵埃的捕集性而實施了駐極體加工的不織布。專利文獻3中揭示有一種積層駐極體不織布,其為作為醫療用面罩或產業用面罩的濾材的積層不織布,且其中,於將兩種熔點不同的纖維混纖而獲得的平均纖維徑為0.1 μm~15 μm的不織布A的至少單面積層一層或多層不織布B,並實施了駐極體加工,所述不織布B的平均纖維徑為10 μm~100 μm且包含平均纖維徑大於構成所述不織布A的纖維的平均纖維徑的纖維。 專利文獻3的發明中,藉由在不織布A中混纖熔點相對低的纖維,可獲得可不使用接著成分而進行積層且抑制壓力損失的濾材。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2014-223227號公報 [專利文獻2]日本專利特開2003-180852號公報 [專利文獻3]WO2011/004969號手冊
[發明所欲解決的課題] 然而,專利文獻1的面罩中,以填埋面罩與臉的間隙的方式設置有密封材,此時有如下情況:無法根據穿戴者的臉的形狀而良好地配置,從而對肌膚的局部產生負擔或無法獲得充分的密封效果。另外,專利文獻2的面罩為由一枚不織布一體地成形嘴角包覆部與耳掛部的類型的面罩,由於對不織布要求一定的強度與保形性,因此對於肌膚的適合性未必充分,而且難以高精度地捕集微細塵埃。進而,專利文獻3的濾材也使用形狀保持性良好的以聚酯為主成分的紡黏不織布(spunbond nonwoven fabric),因此若成形為面罩,則有時於柔軟性方面欠缺,且觸感或適合性未必可稱為充分。
如上所述,作為使塵埃捕集性與通氣性(低壓力損失)併存且適合性與柔軟性優異的面罩而要求一種進而優異者。鑒於該實際情況,本發明的課題在於提供一種可用作面罩的濾材的不織布片,其可使高的塵埃捕集性能與低的壓力損失併存,進而柔軟且對於肌膚的追隨性優異。 [解決課題之手段]
本發明者為了解決所述課題而反覆研究,發現藉由對不織布賦予少許伸長性而相對於肌膚的活動的追隨性得到提高。而且發現,作為不織布,將在至少一方向上具有優異的伸長性的親水性短纖維層和包含熱塑性樹脂與彈性體樹脂的極細纖維層積層一體化而成的不織布片且為實施了駐極體加工者的塵埃捕集性能高、壓力損失少、對於肌膚的追隨性與觸感優異,從而完成了本發明。
即,本發明具有以下的構成。 [1]一種積層不織布片,其是將極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層一體化而成,並且 於所述極細纖維層的單面或兩面積層有所述親水性短纖維層, 所述極細纖維層是將20質量%~80質量%的熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)與80質量%~20質量%的在較該熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)更低的溫度下熔融或軟化的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)混纖而成,另外,所述極細纖維層含有受阻胺系化合物, 所述積層不織布片進行了駐極體加工,且 一方向上的10%伸長強度與相對於該一方向的垂直方向上的10%伸長強度不同。 [2]如[1]所述的積層不織布片,其中,所述極細纖維層與所述親水性短纖維層藉由局部熱壓接而一體化,一方向上的10%伸長強度為3 N/25 mm以下且50%伸長強度為10 N/25 mm以下,相對於該一方向而垂直的方向上的10%伸長強度為15 N/25 mm以上。 [3]如[1]或[2]所述的積層不織布片,其中,於所述積層不織布片的表面形成有不連續且規則的凹部,所述凹部於所述表面所佔的總面積為3%~40%的範圍, 在所述凹部的片厚度方向上,所述極細纖維層中的所述彈性體樹脂纖維(B)與構成所述親水性短纖維層的纖維接合,從而將所述親水性短纖維層與所述極細纖維層一體化。 [4]如[1]至[3]中任一項所述的積層不織布片,其中,所述親水性短纖維層為至少包含30質量%的棉(cotton)、嫘縈(rayon)、銅銨嫘縈(cupra)或漿料(pulp)或者該些的兩種以上的短纖維的層。 [5]如[1]至[4]中任一項所述的積層不織布片,其中,所述親水性短纖維層為水刺不織布(spunlace nonwoven fabric)或濕式抄紙網。 [6]如[1]至[5]中任一項所述的積層不織布片,其中,所述極細纖維層為將長纖維無規地集聚而成的熔噴不織布。 [7]一種面罩,其包括如[1]至[6]中任一項所述的積層不織布片。 [發明的效果]
本發明的積層不織布片使高的塵埃捕集性與低壓力損失併存,並柔軟且對於肌膚的追隨性亦優異,從而可較佳地用作面罩的濾材。另外,本發明的積層不織布片的柔軟性優異,觸感佳且肌膚接觸柔軟,因此若用於面罩,則穿戴感優異。
以下,對本發明進行詳細說明。
(積層不織布片) 本發明的積層不織布片是將極細纖維層及親水性短纖維層的至少兩種層積層一體化而成。於極細纖維層的單面或兩面積層有親水性短纖維層,根據目的,亦可進而積層不同的層。較佳為極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層彼此鄰接,但於進而具有不同的層時,亦可為如下形態:在極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層之間存在不同的層而極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層不鄰接。極細纖維層主要作為捕集層而發揮功能,親水性短纖維層為柔軟的覆蓋材且亦作為增強層而發揮功能。於成形為面罩時,極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層均可配置於與穿戴者的肌膚相接的側,可根據目的而適宜配置。
將極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層積層一體化的方法並無特別限定,但為了保持通氣性,較佳為藉由熱壓接來進行一體化,較佳為不使用乳膠等接著劑。熱壓接是利用熱與壓力的加工方法,因此有可在低於要熔接的彈性體樹脂的熔點的溫度下進行加工的優點。即,熱壓接部分以外的纖維不因熱而融合,因此可較佳地使用。要熱壓接的每一個點接著部的面積並無特別限制,例如可設為0.04 mm2 ~10 mm2 。於進行熱壓接時,亦可對整個面進行熱壓接,但較佳為僅對一部分進行局部熱壓接。要熱壓接的部分的比例可設為積層不織布片的表面的3%~40%,若為4%~25%,則更佳。熱壓接部的面積率未滿3%時,擔心積層不織布的剝離強度不足,若大幅超過40%,則有阻礙手感的可能性。熱壓接部的具體的形狀或配置並無特別限制,例如可設為不連續且規則地配置有圓或四邊等形狀的形態。熱壓接部於不織布片的表面表示為凹部,於該凹部中,在片的厚度方向上,極細纖維層中所含的彈性體樹脂纖維與親水性短纖維層的纖維熔接並接合。
本發明的積層不織布片的特徵在於具有伸長性,特佳為在特定方向上具有優異的伸長性。具體而言,較佳為積層不織布片的一方向上的10%伸長強度與相對於該一方向的垂直方向上的10%伸長強度彼此不同。所謂10%伸長強度是指將積層不織布片從自然長度伸長10%時的應力。同樣地,所謂50%伸長強度是指將積層不織布片從自然長度伸長50%時的應力。 伸長強度的具體的測定方法將於後敘述。
積層不織布片的伸長強度可根據目的而適宜設定,例如,較佳為:一方向上的10%伸長強度為3 N/25 mm以下且50%伸長強度為10 N/25 mm以下,相對於該一方向而垂直的方向上的10%伸長強度為15 N/25 mm以上。即,較佳為在一方向上的伸長強度相對低(伸長性高)且在其垂直方向上的伸長強度高(伸長性低)者。若一方向上的10%伸長強度為3 N/25 mm以下且50%伸長強度為10 N/25 mm以下,則例如可對敏感×纖細的皮膚的佩戴部位賦予溫柔且極其舒適的佩戴感。另外,若垂直方向上的10%伸長強度為15 N/25 mm以上,則不織布幾乎不伸長,因此於利用製品的加工線的生產時、例如自輥狀拉出時等,可不受到不織布的寬度的變化的影響地生產,因此可進行高速生產,故較佳。於將積層不織布片用於面罩時,藉由將伸長性高的方向用於面罩的上下方向,不僅穿戴者靜止時的適合性優異,而且活動嘴巴等的動作時,面罩亦容易追隨肌膚,故較佳。
所述一方向上的10%伸長強度及50%伸長強度的下限並無特別限制,但就於製造時的過程中可抑制彎曲或形成褶皺等並且可保持柔軟性的方面而言,較佳為1 N/25 mm以上。另外,相對於所述一方向的垂直方向上的10%伸長強度的上限亦並無特別限制,若考慮合理的實施方式,則較佳為30 N/25 mm以下。
再者,於本說明書中,所謂「一方向」及「相對於一方向的垂直方向」是指不織布片的面內的任意一方向及與其正交的方向,亦可為不織布片面內的任意方向,典型而言,可將不織布片的CD方向設為「一方向」,同樣地可將MD方向設為「相對於一方向的垂直方向」。
積層不織布片的基重只要根據目的來選擇即可,並無特別限制,但於用於面罩時,例如較佳為20 g/m2 ~150 g/m2 左右。更佳為30 g/m2 ~120 g/m2 。於用於面罩時,就所要求的塵埃捕集性與通氣性的程度的方面而言,較佳為所述範圍。
(極細纖維層) 本發明的積層不織布片中所含的極細纖維層是將20質量%~80質量%的熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)與80質量%~20質量%的在較該熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)更低的溫度下熔融或軟化的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)混纖而成。再者,於本說明書中,所謂「混纖」是指將至少兩種纖維均勻混合而構成不織布的狀態。
若將熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)的熔點設為a(℃),將彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的熔點設為b(℃),則a-b較佳為20℃~150℃,若為30℃~120℃,則尤佳。於a-b為20℃以上的情況下,於積層極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層時,可不使熔點高的熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)熔融地進行一體化。藉此,熱塑性聚酯纖維(A)可保持纖維形態,並維持充分的通氣性。另外,為了均勻地混纖,較佳為將熱塑性樹脂(A)與彈性體樹脂(B)自同一紡紗模口進行紡紗,但於該情況下,若樹脂的熔點彼此極端不同,則有難以確保紡紗性的傾向。若a-b為150℃以下,則可確保充分的紡紗性。
極細纖維層只要將熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)與在較該熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)更低的溫度下熔融或軟化的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)混纖,則其製法並無限定。另外,亦可在不妨礙本發明的效果的範圍內將熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)及彈性體樹脂纖維(B)以外的纖維混纖於極細纖維層中。
極細纖維層較佳為將長纖維無規地集聚而成且藉由熔噴(Melt-Blow)法而獲得的不織布的層。典型而言,極細纖維層是將於熔點方面具有20℃~150℃的差的熱塑性樹脂(A)及彈性體樹脂(B)分別獨立地熔融擠出並自混纖熔噴紡紗模口進行紡紗而獲得,進而,藉由高溫、高速的氣體而以極細纖維流的形式進行吹塑紡紗,並利用捕集裝置進行捕集,藉此以混纖不織布的形式而獲得。作為混纖熔噴紡紗模口,例如有多個不同的纖維成分紡紗用孔交替且以多個成一列地設置的熔噴紡紗模口。
作為熱塑性樹脂(A),若為熔點高於彈性體樹脂(B)且可進行紡紗的熱塑性樹脂,則並無特別限制。例如可使用聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、線狀低密度聚乙烯、丙烯與其他烯烴的二元或三元共聚物等聚烯烴類;聚醯胺類;聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯、二醇與對苯二甲酸/間苯二甲酸等共聚而成的低熔點聚酯、聚酯彈性體等聚酯類;氟樹脂;所述樹脂的混合物等。該些中,就尤其發揮駐極體性能的方面而言,較佳為以聚烯烴為主體者,進而,聚烯烴中,較佳為耐熱性優異且容易紡紗細纖維的聚丙烯系樹脂。另外,亦可在不損及聚合物的性質的範圍內共聚其他成分。關於熱塑性樹脂(A)的熔點,例如可使用80℃~270℃者。
作為在較熱塑性樹脂(A)更低的溫度下熔融或軟化的彈性體樹脂(B),例如可列舉:聚烯烴彈性體、聚苯乙烯彈性體、聚酯彈性體、聚醯胺彈性體、聚胺基甲酸酯彈性體等。特佳為容易紡紗細纖維的聚烯烴彈性體,亦可在不損及聚合物的性質的範圍內共聚其他成分。彈性體樹脂(B)的熔點例如為60℃~120℃,使用低於熱塑性樹脂(A)的熔點者。
作為所述聚烯烴彈性體,有烯烴單體的無規共聚物。所謂聚烯烴彈性體的無規共聚物為具有雙鍵的烴,且為Cn H2n (n為2以上的整數,上限並無特別限制,但較佳為n=10以下)所表示乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等單體與該些以外的至少一種其他單體的共聚物,尤其為單體無規地排列的無規共聚物。
所述無規共聚物例如較佳為乙烯與碳數3~10的烯烴的共聚物或丙烯與碳數4~10的烯烴的共聚物。進而較佳為包含乙烯與碳數3~10的烯烴的共聚物。作為碳數3~10的烯烴,例如可列舉:丙烯、1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯等。所述烯烴中,特佳為1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯。尤其,該些烯烴可單獨使用一種或組合使用兩種以上。較佳為組合該些而成的乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物等乙烯-烯烴共聚物。另外,就紡紗性的方面而言,本發明中所使用的乙烯與碳數3~10的烯烴的共聚物或丙烯與碳數4~10的烯烴的共聚物的分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)較佳為1.5~4。作為所述聚烯烴共聚物彈性體的市售品,例如可例示「恩蓋奇(Engage)」(商品名,陶氏化學公司(The Dow Chemical Company)製造)、「威達美(Vistamaxx)」(商品名,艾克森美孚公司(Exxon Mobil Corporation)製造)。另外,本發明中所使用的聚烯烴共聚物亦可為藉由茂金屬觸媒而製造的共聚物。再者,於所述聚烯烴彈性體中亦包含將交聯用二烯單體添加於烯烴中而成的三元共聚物,具體而言,可例示乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠、乙烯-丁烯-二烯橡膠。
熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)與彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的質量比為熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)20質量%~80質量%、彈性體樹脂纖維(B)80質量%~20質量%的範圍。更佳為熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)30質量%~70質量%、彈性體樹脂纖維(B)70質量%~30質量%的範圍。彈性體樹脂纖維(B)藉由加熱而熔融,作為用以與其他成分接合的接著成分而發揮功能,另外,作為用以對不織布片賦予伸長性的伸長性成分而發揮功能,此時,若極細纖維層中的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的比例為20質量%以上,則極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層的層間的接著力充分強,面罩成形時或褶加工時等,可不產生該些層的剝離且使積層不織布片顯現伸長性。另外,若極細纖維層中的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的質量比為80質量%以下,則作為接著成分的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的熔融量保持於適當的範圍內,因此不會增大壓力損失。就積層不織布片的強度與過濾性能的平衡的方面而言,彈性體樹脂纖維(B)較佳為於極細纖維層中為30質量%~70質量%的範圍。
構成極細纖維層的熱塑性聚酯纖維(A)與彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的纖維徑彼此可相同,亦可不同,但較佳為:熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)的平均纖維徑為0.5 μm~10 μm,較佳為1 μm~5 μm,彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的平均纖維徑為2 μm~20 μm,較佳為4 μm~18 μm。再者,於本說明書中,所謂「極細纖維」是指平均纖維徑為15 μm以下的纖維,藉由形成所述範圍的極細纖維的不織布層,可獲得兼具過濾性能與柔軟性的不織布。圖1是表示極細纖維層的一例的電子顯微鏡照片,且可知是將熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)(細纖維)與彈性體樹脂纖維(B)(粗纖維)混纖而成。照片中的定標線條(scale bar)表示100 μm。
另外,出於提高耐候性並提高駐極體性能的目的,極細纖維層含有選自由受阻胺系化合物所組成的群組中的至少一種。作為受阻胺系化合物,可列舉:聚[(6-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)亞胺基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基)((2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基)六亞甲基((2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亞胺基)](日本巴斯夫(BASF)公司製造,「吉瑪索浦(Chimassorb)944FDL」)、琥珀酸二甲基-1-(2-羥基乙基)-4-羥基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶縮聚物(日本巴斯夫(BASF)公司製造,「帝奴彬(Tinuvin)622FS」)、2-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)-2-正丁基丙二酸雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)(日本巴斯夫(BASF)公司製造,「帝奴彬(Tinuvin)144」)等。
所述受阻胺系化合物的含量並無特別限定,較佳為相對於極細纖維層的樹脂而為0.1質量%~10質量%的範圍,尤佳為0.5質量%~5質量%的範圍。若添加量為0.1質量%以上,則可獲得駐極體性能的提高效果。另外,若添加量為10質量%以下,則可獲得良好的紡紗性,且在成本方面亦有利。受阻胺系化合物可預先調配於熱塑性樹脂(A)及彈性體樹脂(B)的任一者中,藉由紡紗而使其含有於極細纖維層中。
另外,於構成熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)及彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的熱塑性樹脂中,可在不妨礙本發明的效果的範圍內添加抗氧化劑、光穩定劑、紫外線吸收劑、中和劑、成核劑、環氧穩定劑、潤滑劑、抗菌劑、阻燃劑、顏料、塑化劑及其他熱塑性樹脂等。另外,出於提高耐熱性並提高駐極體性能的目的,可添加環烯烴共聚物。
(親水性短纖維層) 於本發明的積層不織布片中所含的親水性短纖維層中,構成親水性短纖維層的短纖維的長度並無特別限定,較佳為2 mm~100 mm。作為構成親水性短纖維層的纖維,可根據製備纖維層時的具體手法、例如梳棉網(card web)、氣流成網(air lay web)及濕式抄紙網等態樣來使用通常所使用的長度的短纖維。於親水性纖維層包含長纖維或連續纖維時,難以具有可追隨因經一體化的極細纖維層中的彈性體纖維所引起的伸長性的程度的伸長性,此時,本發明中,藉由以短纖維構成親水性纖維層,可使積層不織布片整體反映出極細纖維層的伸長性。
作為構成親水性短纖維層的短纖維,可使用:棉、麻等纖維素纖維;使用羊毛(wool)、蠶絲(silk)、嫘縈、銅銨嫘縈、漿料及纖維素而獲得的半合成纖維;以及對合成纖維實施親水化處理而得者等,亦可使用該些的兩種以上。就親水性的方面而言,較佳為棉、嫘縈、銅銨嫘縈、漿料。
於親水性短纖維層中,例如,於用作面罩時,為了吸收由呼氣等所引起的嘴巴周圍的濕氣並減輕佩戴者的不適感,較佳為包含30質量%以上的所述親水性短纖維,更佳為包含50質量%以上。另外,於親水性短纖維層中,亦可以不超過70質量%的範圍混合所述親水性短纖維以外的纖維。尤其,於親水性短纖維以外的纖維以0質量%~50質量%的範圍包含於親水性短纖維層中時,可將親水性短纖維層的機械強度或伸長率保持為相應的水準,同時可維持柔軟性,故更佳。作為要混合的纖維,可例示:使用聚酯、聚烯烴或聚醯胺等而獲得的纖維;或者將該些組合兩種以上而成的複合纖維等具有撥水性的合成纖維。
親水性短纖維層中所含的纖維的剖面形狀並無特別限定,可列舉:圓剖面、扁平剖面、異型剖面、中空剖面等。於親水性短纖維層中所含的纖維的剖面形狀為圓剖面時,其纖維徑較佳為大於15 μm且50 μm以下的範圍。另外,於將積層不織布片用於面罩時,親水性短纖維層的基重較佳為10 g/m2 ~100 g/m2 。更佳為20 g/m2 ~80 g/m2 。就可獲得伸長性或柔軟性的方面而言,若親水性短纖維層的基重為10 g/m2 以上,則較佳,就可抑制製品成本且可獲得緊湊的積層不織布片的方面而言,若為100 g/m2 以下,則較佳。
另外,親水性短纖維層較佳為在至少一方向上具有伸長性。作為此種纖維層,可列舉:短纖維沿一方向排列而成的梳棉網或短纖維無規地集聚的氣流成網或濕式抄紙網及藉由針扎(needle punching)或水刺(水流交織)等使該些纖維三維交織而獲得的不織布等。較佳為濕式抄紙網或水刺不織布。本發明中,尤其,對短纖維沿一方向排列而成的梳棉網進行水流交織處理來使該纖維三維交織而獲得的水刺不織布的機械強度與柔軟性的平衡良好,故較佳。本發明中,藉由採用在特定方向上具有優異的伸長性的不織布作為親水性短纖維層,可獲得在一方向上的伸長性高的積層不織布片。
(駐極體加工) 本發明的積層不織布片進行了駐極體加工。所謂駐極體加工是藉由進行於纖維的低熔點成分不熔融的溫度的加熱環境下賦予電荷的熱駐極體法或利用電暈放電賦予電荷的電暈放電法等的駐極體加工而使積層不織布片帶電荷的加工。藉由駐極體加工而可尤其提高不織布片的捕集性能。其中,駐極體加工法並不限定於該些。再者,關於不織布片是否進行了駐極體加工,例如可藉由進行積層不織布片的除電處理,並確認除電處理前後的不織布片的捕集率的差來確認。作為除電處理,例如可利用異丙醇(Isopropyl Alcohol,IPA)液浸漬法或IPA飽和蒸氣暴露法。IPA液浸漬法是將不織布片於異丙醇(IPA)的液中浸漬2分鐘,取出後,於大氣中乾燥24小時。IPA飽和蒸氣暴露法是藉由將不織布片在15℃~30℃的溫度下、於IPA飽和蒸氣環境中暴露24小時以上來進行。
(積層不織布片的製造方法) 製造本發明的積層不織布片的方法並無特別限制,例如可依據以下的方法來製造。 典型而言,極細纖維層可藉由使長纖維無規地集聚的熔噴法來製造。構成極細纖維層的熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)及彈性體樹脂纖維(B)亦可於分別個別地製造後混合,較佳為使用不同種的用以噴出纖維的紡紗孔交替地排列於一個噴嘴中的所謂混纖用噴嘴並利用熔噴法同時對該些纖維進行紡紗的方法。根據該方法,可獲得極其均勻且無規地集聚有熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)及彈性體樹脂纖維(B)的極細纖維層。若彈性體樹脂纖維(B)於極細纖維層中均勻且無規地集聚及混合,則可獲得高度的柔軟性或伸長性,故較佳。
混纖噴嘴只要可同時對不同種的纖維進行紡紗並可使該些均勻且無規地集聚,則其結構並無限定。作為混纖噴嘴,例如可較佳地使用不同種的供樹脂流出的紡紗孔於一個噴嘴內交替地呈一列排列的噴嘴等。另外,作為另一態樣,亦可例示如下方法:使用於一個噴嘴內僅具有一個供樹脂流出的紡紗孔的多個噴嘴在集聚輸送機的移動方向上配置多個的裝置,自各個噴嘴對彼此不同的樹脂進行紡紗,並利用針扎等對所獲得的網的積層物進行交織處理,藉此進行纖維彼此的混纖。於不伴有後處理的方面,可較佳地使用不同種的供樹脂流出的紡紗孔於一個噴嘴內交替地呈一列排列的噴嘴。
極細纖維層的基重可藉由調整集聚輸送機的速度來任意地控制。另外,進行吹塑紡紗時的氣體通常使用氮氣等惰性氣體或空氣。該氣體的溫度為約200℃~500℃,較佳為約250℃~450℃,壓力為約0.1 kgf/cm2 ~6.0 kgf/cm2 (98 KPa~588 KPa),較佳為約0.2 kgf/cm2 ~5.5 kgf/cm2 (196 KPa~539 KPa)。該紡紗條件可根據要使用的樹脂的物性或組合、作為目標的纖維徑、紡紗模口等裝置等來適宜設定。
本發明的積層不織布片中所含的親水性短纖維層較佳為水刺不織布或濕式抄紙網,水刺不織布例如可藉由如下方式而製造:製作包含所述親水性短纖維的纖維網,對纖維網賦予水流交織處理等纖維交織處理後,對纖維網進行乾燥,視需要而利用所述纖維中所含的低熔點成分使纖維彼此熱接著。
纖維網是混合構成纖維而製作。纖維網的形態可為選自平行網、交叉網、半無規網及無規網等梳棉網、氣流成網、濕式抄紙網以及紡黏網等中的任意形態。水流交織處理是藉由將纖維網載置於支持體而噴射柱狀水流來實施。
極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層亦可分別製造,另外,亦較佳為於利用熔噴法來製成極細纖維層的步驟中,插入預先製造的水刺不織布並使熔噴不織布直接積層於水刺不織布上。
繼而,使極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層一體化。作為積層手段,除了使用加熱輥的方法以外,亦有加熱烘箱方式、針扎方式、水刺方式(水流交織方式)、利用超音波的方法或使用接著劑的方法等。本發明的積層不織布片的製造中的複合化的手段並無特別限定,可使用輥表面呈凹凸形狀雕刻的加熱輥(以後,有時稱為「加熱壓印輥」)來較佳地進行。使用壓印輥的局部熱壓接較佳為藉由將該加熱壓印輥壓接於親水性短纖維層側的表面來進行。此時,所積層的不織布的另一面與具有呈平滑形狀或凹凸形狀雕刻的表面的輥等相接而進行。亦較佳為對該輥進行加熱。
於本發明的積層不織布片的表面形成有因該局部熱壓接所引起的不連續且規則的凹部。所述凹部可形成於積層不織布片的兩面,亦可僅形成於單面。
關於積層不織布片,在所述凹部所存在的部位的片厚度方向上,至少極細纖維中的彈性體纖維藉由其軟化而與構成親水性短纖維層的纖維接合,藉此將親水性短纖維層與極細纖維層一體化。熱壓接的壓力及溫度可於親水性短纖維層與極細纖維層藉由極細纖維中的彈性體纖維的軟化而一體化的條件中適宜選擇,較佳為局部熱壓接的線壓為5 N/mm~100 N/mm的範圍、熱壓接的溫度為彈性體樹脂(B)的熔點或軟化點以上且熱塑性樹脂(A)的軟化點以下的溫度,若為可在極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層之間形成所述接合而獲得層間強度的範圍,則並無特別限定。
駐極體加工能夠以公知的裝置及條件來進行,具體方法並無特別限制,例如可使用熱駐極體法或電暈放電法等。
於將本發明的積層不織布片用於面罩時,針對利用所述方法而製造的積層不織布片,視需要而進行各種後處理加工、清洗、乾燥等,然後裁斷為規定大小。另外,亦可進行褶加工或成形。於褶加工中,亦可對經折疊的不織布片的折痕部分或裁斷部的端等進行熱壓,並使其熱壓接。另外,可同時或以獨立的步驟對耳掛部或其他的部位進行熱壓接並使其一體化。
本發明的積層不織布片可較佳地用於醫療用面罩或產業用面罩、一般用面罩等面罩。另外,根據與所要求的性能適合而可設於空調或空調設備中所使用的高效率空氣微粒(High Efficiency Particulate Air,HEPA)過濾器。針對該些用途,亦較佳為對本發明的積層不織布片進行褶加工而使用。 [實施例]
下述實施例只不過是以例示為目的者。本發明的範圍並不限定於本實施例。再者,以下示出實施例中所示的物性值的測定方法或定義。
<過濾性能(捕集性能×壓力損失)> 使用TSI8130型過濾試驗機來測定面罩的捕集效率及壓力損失。使包含於同試驗機中所產生的NaCl氣溶膠(平均粒子徑0.3 μm)的氣體通過試驗片並測定片的捕集效率。另外,測定此時的壓力損失。此時的氣體流量設為85 L/min(測定面積100 cm2 )。 <平均纖維徑> 使用掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)來拍攝不織布表面的放大照片,測定100根纖維的直徑,並將其算數平均值設為平均纖維徑。 <壓接面積率> 使用掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)拍攝不織布表面的放大照片,將壓接點於每單位壓接點間距的面積中所佔的比例設為壓接面積率。 壓接面積率(%)=(壓接點於單位間距中所佔的面積/單位間距的面積)×100 <積層片的伸長強度> 依據日本工業標準(Japanese Industrial Standards,JIS)L1906「一般長纖維不織布 試驗方法」來測定。製成寬度25 mm、長度200 mm的試驗片。關於試驗片,根據積層片而準備如下兩種試驗片:以該試驗片的長度方向與親水性短纖維層的水刺不織布的CD方向(與不織布中的纖維的排列正交的方向)一致的方式進行裁斷而製成者及以試驗片的長度方向與親水性短纖維層的水刺不織布的MD方向(不織布中的纖維沿相同的方向排列的方向)一致的方式製成者。 使用拉伸試驗機奧拓格拉夫(Autograph)AG-G(商品名,島津製作所(股)製造),將夾頭間設定為100 mm並固定試驗片。以拉伸速度300 mm/min進行伸長。另外,將10%×50%伸長時的強度設為伸長係數(modulus)(應力)強度。 <耐熱穩定性(100℃熱處理)> 使用對流烘箱(Convection Oven)(型式:MOV-112F×三洋(SANYO)製造),將駐極體加工後的片於100℃環境下放置10分鐘,取出片並冷卻10分鐘,然後測定過濾性能。
於實施例及比較例中使用以下的材料。 <極細纖維層> ×聚丙烯樹脂(熔點166℃,聚丙烯均聚物,MFR=82(JIS K-7210(1999)230℃/10分鐘) ×彈性體樹脂(熔點100℃,聚乙烯系彈性體,陶氏化學(Dow Chemical)公司製造「恩蓋奇(Engage)8402」,MFR=30(JIS K-7210(1999)190℃/10分鐘) ×受阻胺系化合物(日本巴斯夫(BASF)公司製造「吉瑪索浦(Chimassorb)944FDL」) <親水性短纖維層> ×嫘縈/PET(質量比60%/40%)水刺不織布(基重38 g/m2 ,纖維長51 mm,瑞光公司製造)
[實施例1] 關於極細纖維層的原料,使用聚丙烯(99.5質量%)與作為受阻胺系化合物的吉瑪索浦(Chimassorb)944FDL(0.5質量%)的摻雜品作為熱塑性樹脂(A),並使用聚乙烯系彈性體作為熱塑性樹脂(B)。使用包括具有螺桿(50 mm直徑)、加熱體及齒輪泵的兩台擠出機、混纖用紡紗模口(孔徑0.3 mm,孔數501孔為一列,不同成分纖維交替地呈一列並排,有效寬度500 mm)、壓縮空氣產生裝置及空氣加熱機、具備聚酯製網狀物的捕集輸送機以及捲繞機的不織布製造裝置來進行熔噴不織布的製造。 將原料樹脂投入至各個擠出機,將熱塑性樹脂(A)於230℃下加熱熔融,將熱塑性樹脂(B)於230℃下加熱熔融,以熱塑性樹脂(A)/熱塑性樹脂(B)的質量比成為50%/50%的方式設定齒輪泵,自紡紗模口以每單孔0.3 g/min噴出熔融樹脂,利用加熱至400℃的98 kPa(表壓)的壓縮氣體將所噴出的纖維吹附至設定為距紡紗模口的距離為30 cm的聚酯製輸送機上,並調整捕集輸送機的速度,藉此任意設定基重。 於所述方法的製造熔噴不織布的過程中,插入在與纖維沿一方向排列的方向呈直角的方向上具有伸長性且包含基重38 g/m2 的嫘縈(纖維長51 mm)/聚酯(纖維長51 mm)(質量比60%/40%的混棉)的水刺不織布作為親水性短纖維層,並於其上積層30 g/m2 的熔噴不織布。進而,針對該不織布的積層物,利用具有於表面雕刻有凹凸花紋的壓印(雕刻)輥與平坦(平滑)輥的點接合加工機,於溫度80℃/120℃、線壓40 N/mm下,以壓印輥與水刺不織布相接的方式進行,並通過壓印凸部的壓接面積率為4.0%的壓印輥與所述平坦輥之間,藉此獲得積層片。 使用熱駐極體法對所獲得的積層片進行駐極體加工。駐極體加工是藉由如下方式來進行:將積層片切成A4尺寸,並設置於加溫為100℃的電荷基座上,將帶電電極板設置於距積層片為1 cm上方處,放置10分鐘後,以電壓-10 kV、帶電時間5秒施加電壓。
[比較例1] 除了不進行駐極體加工以外,與實施例1同樣地製作積層不織布片。
[比較例2] 除了不含受阻胺系化合物以外,與實施例1同樣地製作積層不織布片。
[比較例3] 除了僅利用聚乙烯系彈性體樹脂(B)構成極細纖維層並不進行駐極體加工以外,與實施例1同樣地製作積層不織布片。
[比較例4] 除了僅利用聚乙烯系彈性體樹脂(B)構成極細纖維層以外,與實施例1同樣地製作積層不織布片。
[比較例5] 除了僅利用包含聚丙烯(99.5質量%)與吉瑪索浦(Chimassorb)944FDL(0.5質量%)的熱塑性樹脂(A)構成極細纖維層以外,與實施例1同樣地製作積層不織布片。
將實施例1及比較例1~比較例5的積層不織布片的評價結果示於表1中。
[表1]
如表1所示,實施例1的積層不織布片的捕集效率高且壓力損失低。另外,在CD方向上的伸長強度低、在MD方向上的伸長強度高,即在CD方向上具有高的伸長性。另一方面,不進行駐極體加工的比較例1的捕集效率不充分。不含受阻胺系的比較例2中,即便進行駐極體加工,捕集效率亦不足,且於耐熱穩定性方面欠缺。僅利用彈性體構成極細纖維層的比較例3、比較例4中,不管有無受阻胺及駐極體加工,捕集效率均不充分。另外,僅利用PP構成極細纖維層的比較例5中,捕集效率充分,但在CD方向、MD方向上伸長強度均高,硬觸感且適合性不充分。 [產業上之可利用性]
本發明的積層不織布片可較佳地用作醫療用面罩或產業用面罩、一般用面罩等過濾素材。另外,亦可用作無塵室或空氣淨化機、家電製品等中所使用的高性能的空氣過濾器。
圖1是作為本發明的實施例的積層不織布片中所含的極細纖維層的電子顯微鏡照片。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種積層不織布片,其是將極細纖維層與親水性短纖維層一體化而成,並且 於所述極細纖維層的單面或兩面積層有所述親水性短纖維層, 所述極細纖維層是將20質量%~80質量%的熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)與80質量%~20質量%的在較所述熱塑性樹脂纖維(A)更低的溫度下熔融或軟化的彈性體樹脂纖維(B)混纖而成,另外,所述極細纖維層含有受阻胺系化合物, 所述積層不織布片進行了駐極體加工,且 一方向上的10%伸長強度與相對於所述一方向的垂直方向上的10%伸長強度不同。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的積層不織布片,其中 所述極細纖維層與所述親水性短纖維層藉由局部熱壓接而一體化,所述一方向上的10%伸長強度為3 N/25 mm以下且50%伸長強度為10 N/25 mm以下,相對於所述一方向而垂直的方向上的10%伸長強度為15 N/25 mm以上。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的積層不織布片,其中 於所述積層不織布片的表面形成有不連續且規則的凹部,所述凹部於所述表面所佔的總面積為3%~40%的範圍, 在所述凹部的片厚度方向上,所述極細纖維層中的所述彈性體樹脂纖維(B)與構成所述親水性短纖維層的纖維接合,從而將所述親水性短纖維層與所述極細纖維層一體化。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述的積層不織布片,其中 所述親水性短纖維層為至少包含30質量%的棉、嫘縈、銅銨嫘縈或漿料或者該些的兩種以上的短纖維的層。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項所述的積層不織布片,其中 所述親水性短纖維層為水刺不織布或濕式抄紙網。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述的積層不織布片,其中, 所述極細纖維層為將長纖維無規地集聚而成的熔噴不織布。
  7. 一種面罩,其包括如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項所述的積層不織布片。
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