TW201638322A - 冷凍機油及冷凍機用作動流體組合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明提供一種冷凍機油,其含有:基礎油,其含有二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯;及脂環式環氧化合物;且可與二氟甲烷冷媒一併使用。
Description
本發明係關於一種冷凍機油及冷凍機用作動流體組合物。
冰箱、車載空調、室內空調、自動販賣機等之冷凍機包括用以使冷媒於冷凍週期內循環之壓縮機。而且,於壓縮機中填充用以將滑動構件潤滑之冷凍機油。冷凍機油係於冷凍週期內與冷媒共存使用,故而對冷凍機油要求於存在冷媒之條件下之潤滑性、熱、化學穩定性、電絕緣性、及與冷媒之相溶性等各種特性。而且,此種冷凍機油之特性係根據共存之冷媒之種類而表現出無法預測之行為,故而需針對每種冷媒進行冷凍機油之開發。
例如,作為提高於存在二氟甲烷冷媒之條件下之耐磨性之冷凍機油,於專利文獻1中揭示有具有特定之特性之多元醇酯油、聚乙烯醚油等。
專利文獻1:國際公開第2012/086518號
本發明之目的在於提供一種電絕緣性優異之冷凍機油及冷凍機用作動流體組合物。
本發明者等人係首先對冷凍機油之電絕緣性之影響因素進行了研究。其結果,發現如下情形:根據提高熱、化學穩定性之觀點而通常使用之酸捕捉劑會對電絕緣性造成影響,進而,電絕緣性會根據基礎油及酸捕捉劑之種類而發生變化。
接著,本發明者等人基於上述認知而進一步反覆進行研究,結果發現如下情形從而完成本發明:藉由組合特定之基礎油與特定之酸捕捉劑而獲得具有較高之電絕緣性之冷凍機油。
即,本發明提供一種冷凍機油,其含有:基礎油,其含有二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯;及脂環式環氧化合物;且可與二氟甲烷冷媒一併使用。
酯於基礎油中佔據之比率較佳為30質量%以上。
環氧化合物之含量較佳為以冷凍機油之總量為基準而為0.01~5.0質量%。
又,本發明提供一種含有上述冷凍機油及二氟甲烷冷媒之冷凍機用作動流體組合物。
根據本發明,可提供一種電絕緣性優異之冷凍機油及冷凍機用作動流體組合物。
以下,詳細地對本發明之實施形態進行說明。
冷凍機油含有:基礎油,其含有二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯;及脂環式環氧化合物。
基礎油含有二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯。該酯係例如藉由使二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之混合酸進行反應而獲得。
構成該酯之脂肪酸中之2-甲基丁酸與正戊酸之莫耳比(2-甲基丁酸:正戊酸)係就電絕緣性進而優異之觀點而言,較佳為9:1~1:9,更佳為8:2~2:8,進而較佳為7:3~3:7。
基礎油係除二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯以外,亦可進而含有其他基礎油。作為其他基礎油,例如可列舉礦物油、烯烴聚合物、萘化合物、烷基苯等烴系油、除上述酯以外之酯、聚二醇、聚乙烯醚、酮、聚苯醚、聚矽氧、聚矽氧烷、全氟醚等含氧合成油。含氧合成油較佳為除上述酯以外之酯、聚二醇、聚乙烯醚,更佳為除上述酯以外之酯。
除上述酯以外之酯較佳為多元醇與脂肪酸之酯。構成該酯之多元醇係例如具有2~6個羥基之多元醇,較佳為新戊二醇、三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、三羥甲基丁烷、二-(三羥甲基丙烷)、三-(三羥甲基丙烷)、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇等受阻醇。多元醇係就與冷媒之相溶性及水解穩定性特別優異之方面而言,更佳為季戊四醇。
構成上述酯之脂肪酸較佳為飽和脂肪酸。脂肪酸之碳數較佳為4~20、更佳為4~18、進而較佳為4~9、特佳為5~9。作為碳數為4~20之脂肪酸,可列舉丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、十二烷酸、十三烷酸、十四烷酸、十五烷酸、十六烷酸、十七烷酸、十八烷酸、十九烷酸、二十烷酸等。該等碳數為4~20之脂肪酸可為直鏈狀,亦可為支鏈狀,較佳為支鏈狀。碳數為4~20之支鏈脂肪酸較佳為於α位及/或β位具有支鏈之脂肪酸,更佳為2-甲基丙酸、2-甲基丁酸、2-甲基戊酸、2-甲基己酸、2-乙基戊酸、2-甲基庚酸、2-乙基己酸、3,5,5-三甲基己酸、或2-乙基十六烷酸,進而較佳為2-乙基己酸、或3,5,5-三甲基己酸。
二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯於基礎油中佔據之比率係就電絕緣性進而優異之觀點而言,較佳為10質量%以上,更佳為20質
量%以上,進而較佳為30質量%以上,特佳為40質量%以上,最佳為50質量%以上,又,較佳為100質量%以下。二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯於基礎油中佔據之比率係指於二季戊四醇1分子鍵結有2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸的兩者之酯、與於二季戊四醇1分子鍵結有2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸中之一者之酯的合計量相對於基礎油總量之比率。
基礎油之含量係以冷凍機油之總量為基準而較佳為50質量%以上,更佳為70質量%以上,進而較佳為90質量%以上。
基礎油之40℃下之動黏度可較佳為3mm2/s以上,更佳為4mm2/s以上,進而較佳為5mm2/s以上,又,較佳為1000mm2/s以下,更佳為500mm2/s以下,進而較佳為400mm2/s以下。基礎油之100℃下之動黏度可較佳為1mm2/s以上,更佳為2mm2/s以上,又,較佳為100mm2/s以下,更佳為50mm2/s以下。本發明之動黏度係指依據JIS K2283:2000而進行測定之動黏度。
冷凍機油含有脂環式環氧化合物。脂環式環氧化合物係具有以下述式(1)表示之構成環氧基之碳原子直接構成脂環式環之部分結構的化合物。脂環式環氧化合物可具有1個該部分結構,亦可具有2個以上之該部分結構。
作為脂環式環氧化合物,可列舉1,2-環氧環己烷、1,2-環氧環戊烷、3',4'-環氧環己基甲基-3,4-環氧環己烷羧酸酯、雙(3,4-環氧環己基甲基)己二酸酯、環外-2,3-環氧降烷、雙(3,4-環氧-6-甲基環己基甲基)己二酸酯、2-(7-氧雜二環[4.1.0]庚-3-基)-螺環(1,3-烷-5,3'-[7]氧
雜二環[4.1.0]庚烷、4-(1'-甲基環氧乙基)-1,2-環氧-2-甲基環己烷、4-環氧乙基-1,2-環氧環己烷。於該等之中,較佳為具有以下述式(2)表示之部分結構(環氧環己烷結構)之脂環式環氧化合物。
脂環式環氧化合物之含量係就穩定性優異之觀點而言,以冷凍機油之總量為基準而較佳為0.01質量%以上,更佳為0.05質量%以上,進而較佳為0.1質量%以上。脂環式環氧化合物之含量係就潤滑性優異之觀點而言,以冷凍機油之總量為基準而較佳為10.0質量%以下,更佳為7.0質量%以下,進而較佳為5.0質量%以下。脂環式環氧化合物之含量係就同時實現穩定性及潤滑性之觀點而言,以冷凍機油之總量為基準而較佳為0.01~10.0質量%、0.01~7.0質量%、0.01~5.0質量%、0.05~10.0質量%、0.05~7.0質量%、0.05~5.0質量%、0.1~10.0質量%、0.1~7.0質量%、或0.1~5.0質量%。
冷凍機油除脂環式環氧化合物以外,亦可進而含有其他添加劑。作為其他添加劑,例如可列舉2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚、雙酚A等酚系抗氧化劑、苯基-α-萘胺、N,N-二(2-萘基)-對苯二胺等胺系抗氧化劑、氯化石蠟、磷化合物、硫化合物等極壓添加劑、脂肪酸等油性劑、聚矽氧系等消泡劑、苯并三唑等金屬惰性化劑、抗磨劑、黏度指數提高劑、降凝劑、淨化分散劑等。該等添加劑之含量係以冷凍機油之總量為基準而較佳為10質量%以下,更佳為5質量%以下。
冷凍機油之40℃下之動黏度係就潤滑性優異之觀點而言,較佳
為3mm2/s以上,更佳為4mm2/s以上,進而較佳為5mm2/s以上。冷凍機油之40℃下之動黏度係就回油性優異之觀點而言,較佳為1000mm2/s以下,更佳為500mm2/s以下,進而較佳為400mm2/s以下。冷凍機油之40℃下之動黏度係就同時實現潤滑性及回油性之觀點而言,較佳為3~1000mm2/s、3~500mm2/s、3~400mm2/s、4~1000mm2/s、4~500mm2/s、4~400mm2/s、5~1000mm2/s、5~500mm2/s、或5~400mm2/s。
冷凍機油之100℃下之動黏度係就潤滑性優異之觀點而言,較佳為1mm2/s以上、更佳為2mm2/s以上。冷凍機油之100℃下之動黏度係就回油性優異之觀點而言,較佳為100mm2/s以下、更佳為50mm2/s以下。冷凍機油之100℃下之動黏度係就同時實現潤滑性及回油性之觀點而言,較佳為1~100mm2/s、1~50mm2/s、2~100mm2/s、或2~50mm2/s。
冷凍機油之體積電阻率較佳為0.1TΩ.cm以上,更佳為1.0TΩ.cm以上,進而較佳為10.0TΩ.cm以上。特別是,於將冷凍機油使用於密閉型冷凍機之情形時,較佳為冷凍機油之電絕緣性較高。此處提及之體積電阻率係指依據JIS C2101:1999而進行測定之25℃下之體積電阻率。
冷凍機油之水分含量係以冷凍機油之總量為基準而較佳為300ppm以下,更佳為200ppm以下,進而較佳為100ppm以下。特別是,於將冷凍機油使用於密閉型冷凍機之情形時,就冷凍機油之熱、化學穩定性或電絕緣性進而優異之觀點而言,較佳為水分含量較少。
冷凍機油之酸值較佳為0.1mgKOH/g以下,更佳為0.05mgKOH/g以下。冷凍機油之羥基值較佳為5.0mgKOH/g以下,更佳為2.0mgKOH/g以下。若冷凍機油之酸值及羥基值滿足上述條件,則可更防止對冷凍機或配管中所使用之金屬之腐蝕。本發明之酸值係指依據
JIS K2501:2003而進行測定之酸值。本發明之羥基值係指依據JIS K0070-1992而進行測定之羥基值。
冷凍機油之灰分係就提高冷凍機油之熱、化學穩定性且抑制產生污泥等之觀點而言,較佳為100ppm以下,更佳為50ppm以下。本發明之灰分係指依據JIS K2272:1998而進行測定之灰分。
冷凍機油之流動點較佳為-10℃以下,更佳為-20℃以下,進而較佳為-30℃以下。本發明之流動點係指依據JIS K2269:1987而進行測定之流動點。
本實施形態之冷凍機油可與二氟甲烷冷媒(HFC-32)一併使用。本實施形態之冷凍機用作動流體組合物含有上述冷凍機油、及二氟甲烷冷媒。
即,含有二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯、及脂環式環氧化合物之組合物可較佳地用作可與二氟甲烷冷媒一併使用之冷凍機油之構成成分、或含有冷凍機油及二氟甲烷冷媒之冷凍機用作動流體組合物之構成成分。又,含有二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯、及脂環式環氧化合物之組合物可較佳地用於製造可與二氟甲烷冷媒一併使用之冷凍機油、或製造含有冷凍機油及二氟甲烷冷媒之冷凍機用作動流體組合物。
冷媒可僅包含二氟甲烷,亦可除二氟甲烷以外含有其他冷媒。作為其他冷媒,可例示除二氟甲烷以外之飽和氟化烴冷媒、不飽和氟化烴冷媒、全氟醚類等含氟醚系冷媒、雙(三氟甲基)硫化物冷媒、三氟碘甲烷冷媒、二甲基醚、二氧化碳、氨及烴等自然系冷媒。
作為除二氟甲烷以外之飽和氟化烴冷媒,可列舉五氟乙烷(HFC-125)、1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)、1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)、氟乙烷(HFC-161)、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFC-227ea)、1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟丙烷(HFC-236ea)、1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙
烷(HFC-236fa)、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa)、及1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC-365mfc)。於該等之中,就冷媒環境下之冷凍機油之穩定性及減少GWP(Global Warming Potential,全球暖化可能)之觀點而言,較佳為1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)。
作為不飽和氟化烴冷媒,可列舉1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯(HFO-1225ye)、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze)、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、1,2,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ye)、及3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HFO-1243zf)。於該等之中,就冷媒環境下之冷凍機油之穩定性及減少GWP之觀點而言,較佳為1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze)及2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf),更佳為2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)。
二氟甲烷之含量係以冷媒之總量為基準而較佳為5質量%以上,更佳為10質量%以上,進而較佳為20質量%以上。
冷凍機用作動流體組合物中之冷凍機油之含量相對於冷媒100質量份而較佳為1質量份以上,更佳為2質量份以上,又,較佳為500質量份以下,更佳為400質量份以下。
冷凍機用作動流體組合物之體積電阻率較理想的是較高,例如於冷凍機用作動流體組合物中之冷凍機油與二氟甲烷冷媒之體積比為8:2之情形時,較佳為0.01TΩ.cm以上,更佳為0.1TΩ.cm以上,進而較佳為1.0TΩ.cm以上。此處提及之體積電阻率係指於二氟甲烷冷媒環境下(冷凍機油與二氟甲烷之體積比為8:2),依據JIS C2101:1999而進行測定之25℃下之體積電阻率。
冷凍機油及冷凍機用作動流體組合物可較佳地使用於具有往復移動式或旋轉式之密閉型壓縮機之空調、冰箱、或開放型或者密閉型車載空調。冷凍機油及冷凍機用作動流體組合物可較佳地使用於除濕機、熱水器、冷凍庫、冷凍冷藏倉庫、自動販賣機、展示櫃、化學設備等冷卻裝置等。冷凍機油及冷凍機用作動流體組合物亦可較佳地使
用於具有離心式壓縮機之冷凍機。
以下,基於實施例而進一步具體地對本發明進行說明,但本發明並不限定於以下之實施例。
使用表1所示之多元醇與脂肪酸之酯(基礎油)、及以下所示之添加劑製備具有表2~4所示之組成之冷凍機油。再者,於表2~4中,按照以基礎油之總量為基準之質量%表示基礎油之組成,按照以冷凍機油之總量為基準之質量%表示冷凍機油之組成。
(添加劑)
B1:3',4'-環氧環己基甲基-3,4-環氧環己烷羧酸酯
B2:雙(3,4-環氧環己基甲基)己二酸酯
B3:2-乙基己基縮水甘油醚
如下般對各冷凍機油評價電絕緣性(體積電阻率)。將結果示於表2~4。
(電絕緣性(體積電阻率))
依據JIS C2101:1999而對二氟甲烷冷媒環境下(冷凍機油與二氟甲烷之體積比為8:2)之體積電阻率進行測定。將測定到之體積電阻率為1.0TΩ.cm以上之情形設為A,將0.1TΩ.cm以上且未達1.0TΩ.cm之情形設為B,將未達0.1TΩ.cm之情形設為C,將結果示於表2~4。
Claims (4)
- 一種冷凍機油,其含有:基礎油,其含有二季戊四醇與2-甲基丁酸及正戊酸之酯;及脂環式環氧化合物;且可與二氟甲烷冷媒一併使用。
- 如請求項1之冷凍機油,其中上述酯於上述基礎油中佔據之比率為30質量%以上。
- 如請求項1或2之冷凍機油,其中上述脂環式環氧化合物之含量以上述冷凍機油之總量為基準而為0.01~5.0質量%。
- 一種冷凍機用作動流體組合物,其含有如請求項1至3中任一項之冷凍機油、及二氟甲烷冷媒。
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