TW201539097A - 光調製裝置及智慧窗 - Google Patents
光調製裝置及智慧窗 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201539097A TW201539097A TW104107293A TW104107293A TW201539097A TW 201539097 A TW201539097 A TW 201539097A TW 104107293 A TW104107293 A TW 104107293A TW 104107293 A TW104107293 A TW 104107293A TW 201539097 A TW201539097 A TW 201539097A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light
- light modulation
- oxide layer
- metal
- Prior art date
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
- B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
- B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
- B60J7/043—Sunroofs e.g. sliding above the roof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/28—Interference filters
- G02B5/281—Interference filters designed for the infrared light
- G02B5/282—Interference filters designed for the infrared light reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3075—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state for use in the UV
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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Abstract
本發明提供一種光調製裝置以及其用途。光調製裝置可
由在可見光區中具有高透射率、在紅外線區中具有低透射率且具有低薄片電阻的複合層施加外部信號。此光調製裝置可應用於諸如以下各者的各種用途中:智慧窗、窗保護膜、可撓性顯示元件、用於顯示3D影像的主動延遲器,或視角控制膜。
Description
本申請案是關於一種光調製裝置以及其用途。
智慧窗(smart window)為可自由地控制日光的透射率的窗,且被稱作電子簾幕(electron curtain)、透射率可切換玻璃(transmittance switchable glass)或受照玻璃(illuminated glass)。
智慧窗由(例如)能夠控制光的透射率的透光率控制層(light transmittance control layer)以及藉由將信號施加至透光率控制層而控制透光率的驅動電路(driving circuit)組成。如上文所描述而配置的智慧窗經製造以根據外加電壓(applied voltage)的狀態而透射來自其整個表面的光或不透射光,且藉由控制透射率而具有各種對比度。
近來,隨著對節能智慧窗的關注增加,已開發出在智慧窗上形成低發射率(low emissivity,low-e)塗層或電致變色(electrochromism,EC)塗層的技術,但習知技術(韓國未審查專利申請案第2012-00922474號)具有對同時滿足根據日光改變的視圖保證、紫外線與紅外線的有效預防以及內部產熱的洩漏預防的限制。
本申請案是有關於提供一種光調製裝置以及其用途。
一種例示性光調製裝置包含光調製層(light modulation layer),以及複合層(composite layer),複合層包含第一氧化物層(first oxide layer)、金屬層(metal layer)以及第二氧化物層(second oxide layer)。在一個實例中,複合層可安置於光調製層的一側或兩側上。此外,第一氧化物層、金屬層以及第二氧化物層可被依序地形成。
圖1以及圖2為本發明的例示性光調製裝置的示意圖。圖1的光調製裝置包含光調製層101以及複合層102,複合層102安置於光調製層的一側上,且包含依序地形成的第一氧化物層1021、金屬層1022以及第二氧化物層1023。圖2的光調製裝置包含光調製層101以及複合層102,複合層102安置於光調製層的兩側上,且包含依序地形成的第一氧化物層1021、金屬層1022以及第二氧化物層1023。
本文中所使用的術語「光調製裝置」可為由自外部施加的信號驅動的裝置,例如,具有可變透光率的裝置。自外部施加的信號可由(例如)複合層施加。
在一個實例中,在光調製裝置中,光調製層可根據電壓由複合層施加抑或未施加而在以下兩者之間切換:透射模式
(transmission mode),其中可見光區(visible region)中的透射率在40%至90%的範圍內;以及阻擋模式(blocking mode),其中可見光區中的透射率在5%至30%的範圍內。光調製裝置可在電壓被施加時處於透射模式且在電壓未被施加時處於阻擋模式,或在電壓被施加時處於阻擋模式且在電壓未被施加時處於透射模式。此現象是藉由合適地控制下文將描述的液晶化合物(liquid crystal compound)及/或二向色染料(dichroic dye)的初始定向狀態(initial orientation state)而被可能地執行。此外,光調製裝置在可見光區中的透射率的範圍並不限於上述範圍,且可藉由合適地控制下文將描述的液晶化合物或二向色染料的定向性質(orientation property)而被控制為處於更多各種範圍。
在一個實例中,光調製層可為包含液晶化合物的液晶層
(liquid crystal layer)。本文中所使用的「液晶層」可為藉由將液晶化合物囊封於兩個基板(substrate)之間而形成的層。液晶化合物可存在於(例如)光調製層中以由自外部施加的信號改變對準方向(alignment direction)。在此狀況下,自外部施加的信號意謂經施加以改變液晶化合物的對準的所有類型的信號,且電壓作為代表性實例而使用。
液晶化合物可在初始狀態(initial state)下對準,或可未
對準。本文中所使用的「初始狀態」可為未施加對液晶化合物的定向有影響的外部信號(external signal)的狀態。液晶層可經由控制液晶化合物的初始對準狀態(initial alignment state)且施加諸如電壓的外部信號而在各種模式之間切換。在一個實例中,當液晶化合物在初始狀態下對準時,液晶層可在阻擋模式與透射模式之間
切換。在另一實例中,當液晶化合物在初始狀態下未對準時,液晶層可在散射模式(scattering mode)與透射模式之間切換。
可使用所有類型的液晶化合物,只要可藉由施加外部信
號而改變液晶化合物的定向方向(orientation direction)即可。舉例而言,作為液晶化合物,可使用矩列液晶化合物(smectic liquid crystal compound)、向列液晶化合物(nematic liquid crystal compound)或膽固醇狀液晶化合物(cholesteric liquid crystal compound)。此外,為了藉由施加外部信號而改變定向方向,液晶化合物可為(例如)不具有可聚合基團(polymerizable group)或可交聯基團(crosslinkable group)的化合物。
在另一實例中,光調製層可為聚合物分散型液晶
(polymer-dispersed liquid crystal,PDLC)層、畫素隔離型液晶(pixel-isolated liquid crystal,PILC)層、懸浮粒子裝置(suspended particle device,SPD)或電致變色裝置(electrochromic device,ECD)。
在本說明書中,聚合物分散型液晶(PDLC)層為包含(例
如)聚合物網路液晶層(polymer network liquid crystal layer)或聚合物穩定化液晶層(polymer stabilized liquid crystal layer)的高級概念(superordinate concept)。聚合物分散型液晶(PDLC)層可包含(例如)聚合物網路(polymer network)以及液晶區(liquid crystal region),液晶區包含自聚合物網路以相分離狀態(phase separation state)而分散的液晶化合物。此處,可存在液晶化合物以在聚合物網路中切換定向。
聚合物網路可為包含可聚合化合物或可交聯化合物的前
驅體材料(precursor material)的聚合物網路,且可聚合化合物或可交聯化合物可形成處於聚合狀態或交聯狀態的聚合物網路。作為可聚合化合物,例如為具有已知用以形成聚合物分散型液晶層的聚合物網路的至少一個可聚合官能基或可交聯官能基的化合物。作為可聚合官能基或可交聯官能基,例如可使用烯基(alkenyl group)、環氧基(epoxy group)、氰基(cyano group)、羧基(carboxyl group)、(甲基)丙烯醯基((meth)acryloyl group)或(甲基)丙烯醯氧基((meth)acryloyloxy group),且根據本申請案的一個例示性實施例,可使用具有(甲基)丙烯醯基的化合物,但本申請案並不限於此情形。
在聚合物分散型液晶層中,作為液晶化合物,可使用與在包含液晶化合物的液晶層的類別中描述的化合物相同的化合物。亦即,在聚合物分散型液晶層中,作為液晶化合物,可使用矩列液晶化合物、向列液晶化合物或膽固醇狀液晶化合物。液晶化合物可不與聚合物網路鍵聯,且可在自外部施加電壓時改變定向。為此目的,例如,液晶化合物可使用不具有可聚合基團或可交聯基團的液晶化合物。
通常,液晶化合物在聚合物分散型液晶層中未定向。因此,當未施加電壓時,聚合物分散型液晶層不透明,且此狀態可被稱作散射模式。當將電壓施加至聚合物分散型液晶層時,液晶化合物根據電壓而對準且變得透明,且因此有可能在透射模式與散射模式之間切換。然而,未將電壓施加至聚合物分散型液晶層的狀態並不限於上述狀態,且可藉由鄰近於聚合物分散型液晶層來安置定向膜(orientation film)或使用可定向聚合物網路(orientable
polymer network)而使液晶化合物定向。
本文中所使用的畫素隔離型液晶層意謂(例如)如下液晶
層:分割結構(partition structure)由畫素引入至此液晶層以維持單元(cell)的間隙。畫素隔離型液晶層可包含可由自外部施加的信號改變對準方向的液晶化合物。畫素隔離型液晶層亦可使用液晶化合物的對準狀態來控制透光率。
本文中所使用的懸浮粒子裝置包含(例如)奈米規模桿狀
粒子(nano-scale rod-shaped particle)的薄膜層壓物(thin film laminate)懸浮於液晶中的結構。舉例而言,在懸浮粒子裝置中,當未施加外部信號時,懸浮粒子可未對準,且因此阻擋並吸收光,且當施加外部信號時,懸浮粒子可對準且因此透射光。
本文中所使用的電致變色裝置意謂(例如)使用電致變色
材料(electrochromic material)的透光率藉由電化學氧化還原反應(electrochemical redox reaction)而改變的現象的裝置。包含於電致變色裝置中的電致變色材料可在未施加電信號(electrical signal)時不具有色彩,但在施加電信號時具有色彩,且因此可控制透光率。
在一個實例中,光調製層可包含二向色染料。當包含液晶
化合物以及二向色染料兩者時,光調製層可充當賓主型光調製層(guest-host-type light modulation layer)。亦即,賓主型光調製層展現各向異性光吸收效應(anisotropic light absorbing effect),藉由各向異性光吸收效應,二向色染料沿著液晶化合物的排列而排列,且平行於染料的對準方向的光被吸收,且垂直於染料的對準方向的光被透射。
本文中所使用的術語「染料」可意謂可強烈地吸收及/或
變換在400nm至700nm的波長範圍內的至少部分或整個範圍內的光的材料,且本文中所使用的術語「二向色染料」可意謂實現在可見光區的至少部分或整個範圍內的光的各向異性吸收(anisotropic absorption)的材料。當將光調製層施加至光調製裝置時,可使用如上文所描述的二向色染料來控制色彩以及透光率的表達。作為二向色染料,例如,可使用黑色染料(black dye)或彩色染料(color dye)。二向色染料可具有為5或大於5、6或大於6或者7或大於7的二向色比率(dichroic ratio),亦即,藉由將平行於二向色染料的主軸方向(major axis direction)的極光(polar light)的吸收除以垂直於二向色染料的主軸方向的極光的吸收而獲得的值。染料可至少在部分波長範圍內或在大約380nm至700nm或大約400nm至700nm的波長範圍內的一個波長下滿足二向色比率。隨著二向色比率增加,其對改良阻擋比率(blocking ratio)或表達色彩有效,且二向色比率的上限並不特別受到限制。因此,可考慮到色彩表達(color expression)的所要程度而選擇並使用具有合適二向色比率的任何二向色染料。二向色比率的上限可為(例如)大約20、18、16或14。二向色染料的類型並不特別受到限制,且例如可使用已知為具有上述特性且根據液晶化合物的定向而定向的所有類型的染料。
在本申請案中,複合層可充當可將外部信號(例如,電壓)
施加至光調製層的電極層(electrode layer)。複合層對可見光區中的光具有高透射率,且具有高導電率(electric conductivity)以及低薄片電阻(sheet resistance)。此外,由於複合層對紅外線區
(infrared region)中的光具有低透射率,故複合層具有阻擋熱的效應。因此,此複合層可節省能量,且可用為光調製裝置的電極層。
在一個實例中,複合層可在可見光區中具有80%或大於
80%、85%或大於85%或者90%或大於90%的透射率,例如,對在大約400nm至700nm的範圍內的任一波長下的光或波長為550nm的光的透射率。滿足值範圍的複合層可用為光調製裝置中的透明電極(transparent electrode)。然而,複合層在可見光區中的透光率並不限於上述值範圍,且可在可見光區中具有盡可能地大的透光率以大體上用作透明電極。
在一個實例中,複合層可對紅外線區中的光(例如,在大
約700nm至1000nm的範圍內的任一波長下的光或波長為780nm或大於780nm的光)具有70%或小於70%、65%或小於65%或者60%或小於60%的透射率。滿足值範圍的複合層可阻擋紅外線區中的熱,且因此(例如)可節省能量。舉例而言,當複合層用作智慧窗的電極層時,複合層在紅外線區中的透光率的下限並不特別受到限制,但可為0%至5%。
在一個實例中,複合層可具有20歐姆/平方(Ω/□)或小
於20歐姆/平方、15歐姆/平方或小於15歐姆/平方或者10歐姆/平方或小於10歐姆/平方的薄片電阻,且下限可為但並不特別限於0.1歐姆/平方或大於0.1歐姆/平方。當將具有在以上範圍內的薄片電阻的複合層施加至光調製裝置時,可最小化消耗功率(consumption power),且因此可增加光調製裝置的效率。在本說明書中,薄片電阻可由本領域中通常已知的薄片電阻計(sheet resistance meter)量測。
本申請案的光調製裝置包含複合層。複合層可包含依序
地形成的第一氧化物層、金屬層以及第二氧化物層。複合層的性質(例如,可見光區及/或紅外線區中的透光率,或薄片電阻)可根據(例如)第一氧化物層、金屬層或第二氧化物層的折射率、厚度、導電率或材料予以控制。
本文中所使用的「氧化物層」可意謂包含氧化物作為主成
分(main component)的層,且本文中所使用的「金屬層」可意謂包含金屬作為主成分的層。在一個實例中,氧化物層可意謂包含處於大約80wt%或大於80wt%的氧化物的層,且金屬層可意謂包含處於大約80wt%或大於80wt%的金屬的層。
在一個實例中,第一氧化物層的折射率可高於第二氧化物層的折射率,且金屬層的折射率可低於第二氧化物層的折射率。
在一個實例中,金屬層可對波長為550nm的光具有在0.1至1.0的範圍內的折射率,且折射率特別為0.1或大於0.1、0.15或大於0.15、0.2或大於0.2、0.25或大於0.25、0.3或大於0.3、0.35或大於0.35、0.4或大於0.4、0.45或大於0.45或者0.5或大於0.5,以及1.0或小於1.0、0.95或小於0.95、0.9或小於0.9、0.85或小於0.85、0.8或小於0.8、0.75或小於0.75、0.7或小於0.7、0.65或小於0.65、0.6或小於0.6或者0.55或小於0.55。此外,第一氧化物層可對波長為550nm的光具有在1.2至2.8或1.9至2.75的範圍內的折射率,且折射率特別為1.2或大於1.2、1.25或大於1.25、1.3或大於1.3、1.35或大於1.35、1.4或大於1.4、1.45或大於1.45、1.5或大於1.5、1.55或大於1.55、1.6或大於1.6、1.65或大於1.65、1.7或大於1.7、1.75或大於1.75、1.8或
大於1.8、1.85或大於1.85、1.9或大於1.9、1.95或大於1.95或者2.0或大於2.0,以及2.8或小於2.8、2.75或小於2.75、2.7或小於2.7、2.65或小於2.65、2.6或小於2.6、2.55或小於2.55、2.5或小於2.5、2.45或小於2.45、2.4或小於2.4、2.35或小於2.35、2.3或小於2.3、2.25或小於2.25、2.2或小於2.2、2.15或小於2.15、2.1或小於2.1或者2.05或小於2.05。此外,第二氧化物層可對波長為550nm的光具有在1.5至2.5的範圍內的折射率,且折射率特別為1.5或大於1.5、1.55或大於1.55、1.6或大於1.6、1.65或大於1.65、1.7或大於1.7、1.75或大於1.75、1.8或大於1.8、1.85或大於1.85、1.9或大於1.9、1.95或大於1.95或者2.0或大於2.0,以及2.5或小於2.5、2.45或小於2.45、2.4或小於2.4、2.35或小於2.35、2.3或小於2.3、2.25或小於2.25、2.2或小於2.2、2.15或小於2.15、2.1或小於2.1或者2.0或小於2.0。
折射率可使用(例如)M-2000設備[製造商:J.A.伍拉姆有限公司(J.A.Woollam Co.,Inc.)(美國)]予以量測。
當金屬層、第一氧化物層以及第二氧化物層中的每一者
滿足折射率的以上範圍時,複合層在可見光區中具有高透光率,且在紅外線區中具有低透光率,且因此可有效地用作節能光調製裝置中的透明電極層(transparent electrode layer)。
第一氧化物層、金屬層以及第二氧化物層的折射率可藉
由(例如)厚度或藉由控制每一層的沈積製程(deposition process)予以控制。具體而言,結晶度(degree of crystallinity)可藉由控制每一層的沈積條件(deposition condition)予以控制,且儘管使用相同厚度以及材料,但折射率可彼此不同。沈積製程可藉由已知沈
積方法(例如,濺鍍方法(sputtering method))而執行。更具體而言,第一氧化物層以及第二氧化物層可藉由(例如)RF濺鍍方法而沈積,且金屬層可藉由(例如)DC濺鍍方法而沈積。
在一個實例中,金屬層的厚度可在5nm至20nm的範圍
內。更具體而言,金屬層的厚度可為5nm或大於5nm、6nm或大於6nm、7nm或大於7nm、8nm或大於8nm、9nm或大於9nm、10nm或大於10nm、11nm或大於11nm或者12nm或大於12nm,以及20nm或小於20nm、19nm或小於19nm、18nm或小於18nm、17nm或小於17nm、16nm或小於16nm、15nm或小於15nm、14nm或小於14nm或者13nm或小於13nm。當金屬層的厚度在以上範圍內時,易於將金屬層的折射率控制為處於以上範圍。此外,當金屬層的厚度在以上範圍內時,易於形成金屬層的連續膜(continuous film),且因此可實現極好導電率以及低電阻,且可增加光調製裝置在可見光區中的透光率。
在一個實例中,金屬層可包含具有20歐姆/平方或小於
20歐姆/平方且較佳地為10歐姆/平方或小於10歐姆/平方的薄片電阻的導電金屬(conductive metal)。當包含於金屬層中的導電金屬的導電率在以上範圍內時,可減小複合層的薄片電阻,且可增加光調製裝置的效率。
在一個實例中,金屬層可包含諸如銀(Ag)、鋁(Al)、鉑
(Pt)、銅(Cu)或金(Au)的金屬。金屬層可包含(例如)銀。在此狀況下,在製造複合層的製程中或在光調製裝置中使用複合層的製程中,藉由與空氣以及濕氣的接觸,氧化銀可部分地包含於金屬層中。當金屬層包含銀以及氧化銀時,可相對於100wt%的金屬
層包含0.1wt%或大於0.1wt%以及50wt%或小於50wt%的氧化銀。
在一個實例中,第一氧化物層的厚度可在20nm至60nm
或者40nm至50nm的範圍內。更具體而言,第一氧化物層的厚度可為20nm或大於20nm、25nm或大於25nm、30nm或大於30nm、35nm或大於35nm或者40nm或大於40nm,以及60nm或小於60nm、55nm或小於55nm、50nm或小於50nm或者45nm或小於45nm。當第一氧化物層的厚度在以上範圍內時,易於將第一氧化物層的透光率或折射率控制為處於以上範圍,且因此可減小形成於第一氧化物層上的金屬層的沈積的預設速率(default rate)。
在一個實例中,第二氧化物層的厚度可為10nm至100
nm,且較佳地為20nm至60nm。更具體而言,第二氧化物層的厚度可為10nm或大於10nm、15nm或大於15nm、20nm或大於20nm、25nm或大於25nm、30nm或大於30nm、35nm或大於35nm、40nm或大於40nm、45nm或大於45nm或者50nm或大於50nm,以及100nm或小於100nm、95nm或小於95nm、90nm或小於90nm、85nm或小於85nm、80nm或小於80nm、75nm或小於75nm、70nm或小於70nm、65nm或小於65nm、60nm或小於60nm或者55nm或小於55nm。當第二氧化物層的厚度在以上範圍內時,易於將第二氧化物層的透光率或折射率控制為處於以上範圍,且可獲得極好導電率以及低電阻。
在一個實例中,第二氧化物層可具有1.0×10-5Ωcm至
1.0×105Ωcm且較佳地為1.0×10-4Ωcm至1.0×104Ωcm的電阻
率(resistivity)。當第二氧化物層的電阻率在以上範圍內時,可減小複合層的薄片電阻,且因此可增加光調製裝置的效率。
在一個實例中,第一氧化物層以及第二氧化物層中的每
一者可包含金屬氧化物,金屬氧化物包含選自由以下各者組成的群組的至少一金屬:銻(Sb)、鋇(Ba)、鎵(GA)、鍺(Ge)、鉿(Hf)、銦(In)、鑭(La)、鎂(Mg)、硒(Se)、矽(Si)、鉭(Ta)、鈦(Ti)、釩(V)、釔(Y)、鋅(Zn)以及鋯(Zr)。
在一個實例中,第二氧化物層可更包含選自由以下各者
組成的群組的至少一第二金屬:鎵(GA)、鋁(Al)、鋯(Zr)、鈦(Ti)、鈮(Nb)、鉭(Ta)、銦(In)以及釩(V)。
包含於第二氧化物層中的金屬可為摻雜材料(doping
material)。當第二氧化物層更包含第二金屬且用作光調製裝置中的電極層時,可改良電子遷移率(electron mobility)。由於第二氧化物層具有類似於第一氧化物層的高折射性質,故可增加複合層在可見光區中的透光率,且可經由光學設計(optical design)而減小複合層在紅外線區中的透光率。此外,由於第二氧化物層具有導電率,故金屬層的導電率未受到抑制,且複合層可充當各種光調製裝置中具有低發射率(低E)功能的透明電極。
在一個實例中,第二氧化物層中的第二金屬的含量可為
0.1wt%或大於0.1wt%以及10wt%或小於10wt%。第二氧化物層的折射率可藉由(例如)第二金屬的含量而改變。因此,為了實現複合層在可見光區中的最大透光率,可能需要控制第二氧化物層中的第二金屬的含量。此外,包含於第二氧化物層中的第二金屬影響第二氧化物層的導電率。當第二氧化物層中的第二金屬的含量
滿足以上範圍時,第二氧化物層可實現最佳折射率以及導電率。
在一個實例中,可合適地控制複合層的厚度以展現所需
的光調製裝置的性質。可將複合層的厚度控制為處於50nm至300nm或者70nm至200nm的範圍,以展現(例如)在可見光區中的高透光率、在紅外線區中的低透光率、極好導電率,以及低電阻。
複合層可更包含基底層(base layer),且例如可鄰近於基
底層而存在第一氧化物層。圖3以及圖4展示包含基底層的例示性光調製裝置。舉例而言,當複合層存在於光調製層的一側上時,如圖3所展示,基底層301、第一氧化物層1021、金屬層1022、第二氧化物層1023以及光調製層101可被依序地形成。此外,舉例來說,當複合層存在於光調製層的兩側上時,如圖4所展示,基底層401A、第一氧化物層1021、金屬層1022、第二氧化物層1023、光調製層101、第二氧化物層1023、金屬層1022、第一氧化物層1021以及基底層401B可被依序地形成。
作為基底層,可在無特定限制的情況下使用已知材料。舉
例而言,可使用諸如玻璃膜、結晶或非晶矽膜、石英或氧化銦錫(indium tin oxide,ITO)膜或者塑膠膜的無機膜。作為基底層,可使用光學各向同性基底層(optically isotropic base layer)、諸如延遲層(retardation layer)的光學各向異性基底層(optically anisotropic base layer)或偏光板(polarizing plate),或彩色濾光片基板(color filter substrate)。舉例而言,當偏光板存在於基底層的內部上,亦即,存在於液晶層與基底層之間時,儘管將各向異性基底層用作基底層,仍可實現具有合適效能的裝置。
作為塑膠基底層,可使用包含以下各者的基底層:三乙醯
基纖維素(triacetyl cellulose,TAC);諸如降冰片烯衍生物(norbornene derivative)的環烯烴共聚物(cyclo olefin copolymer,COP);聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(poly(methyl methacrylate),PMMA);聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate,PC);聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE);聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP);聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA);二乙醯纖維素(diacetyl cellulose,DAC);聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate,PAC);聚醚碸(polyethersulfone,PES);聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone,PEEK);聚苯碸(polyphenylsulfone,PPS)、聚醚醯亞胺(polyetherimide,PEI);聚萘二甲酸伸乙酯(polyethylene naphthalate,PEN);聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET);聚醯亞胺(polyimide,PI);聚碸(polysulfone,PSF);聚芳酯(polyarylate,PAR)或非晶氟樹脂(amorphous fluorine resin),但本發明並不限於此情形。在基底層中,在需要時,可存在金、銀或者諸如二氧化矽或一氧化矽的矽化合物的塗層,或者存在防反射層(reflection-preventing layer)的塗層。
在一個實例中,在光調製裝置中,與第一氧化物層相比
較,第二氧化物層可更靠近光調製層。舉例而言,當複合層存在於光調製層的一側上時,如圖1所展示,第一氧化物層1021、金屬層1022、第二氧化物層1023以及光調製層101可被依序地形成。
此外,舉例而言,當複合層存在於光調製層的兩側上時,如圖2所展示,第一氧化物層1021、金屬層1022、第二氧化物層1023、光調製層101、第二氧化物層1023、金屬層1022以及第一氧化物層
1021可被依序地形成。
在一個實例中,在光調製裝置中,如圖2所展示,複合層
可存在於光調製層的兩側上。亦即,光調製層可安置於彼此面對的兩個複合層之間。在此狀況下,存在於兩側上的複合層可具有:具有相同折射率、厚度或薄片電阻的相同結構;或具有不同折射率、厚度或薄片電阻的獨立結構。
此外,本發明提供光調製裝置的用途。光調製裝置的用途
可為(例如)智慧窗、窗保護膜(window protecting film)、可撓性顯示元件(flexible display element)、用於顯示3D影像的主動延遲器(active retarder),或視角控制膜(viewing angle control film),但本發明並不限於此情形。一種構成光調製裝置的方法並不特別受到限制,且只要使用光調製裝置,就可應用習知方法。
本申請案的光調製裝置可由在可見光區中具有高透射率、在紅外線區中具有低透射率且具有低薄片電阻的複合層施加外部信號。此光調製裝置可應用於諸如以下各者的各種用途中:智慧窗、窗保護膜、可撓性顯示元件、用於顯示3D影像的主動延遲器,或視角控制膜。
101‧‧‧光調製層
102‧‧‧複合層
1021‧‧‧第一氧化物層
1022‧‧‧金屬層
1023‧‧‧第二氧化物層
301、401A、401B‧‧‧基底層
圖1至圖4展示例示性光調製裝置。
圖5展示實例1的光調製裝置的透射率以及反射率。
圖6展示比較例1的光調製裝置的透射率以及反射率。
圖7展示根據實例1以及比較例2的金屬層根據波長的性質。
圖8展示根據第一金屬氧化物層以及第二金屬氧化物層的折射率的針對透光率的評估結果。
在下文中,將參考實例以及比較例來詳細地描述上述內容。然而,本申請案的範疇並不限於以下描述。
藉由使用RF濺鍍方法在玻璃基板(glass substrate)上沈積CeO2達35nm的厚度而形成第一金屬氧化物層。藉由以下操作而製造複合層:使用DC濺鍍方法在1.5W/cm2以及3毫托(mTorr)的條件下在第一金屬氧化物層上沈積由Ag組成的金屬層達10nm的厚度,以及在金屬層上沈積摻雜Ga氧化鋅(Ga-doped zinc oxide,GZO)層達45nm的厚度作為第二金屬氧化物層。
藉由使用M-2000設備[製造商:J.A.伍拉姆有限公司(美國)]來量測每一層的折射率而獲得的結果,第一氧化物層在550nm的波長下的折射率為2.34,金屬層在550nm的波長下的折射率為0.19,且氧化鋅層在550nm的波長下的折射率為1.94。此外,藉由使用紫外線-可見光光譜儀(UV-vis spectrometer)來量測複合層的可見光線透射率(visible ray transmittance)而獲得的結
果,在550nm的波長下的透射率為87.2%。此外,使用薄片電阻計而量測的複合層的薄片電阻小於10歐姆/平方。
藉由混合以下各者而製備聚合物前驅體材料(polymer precursor material):100mg丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯多官能寡聚物(urethane acrylate multifunctional oligomer)(SU530,Mw:5,000,筌達(Soltech))、300mg雙官能丙烯酸酯(bifunctional acrylate)(HDDA,奧德里奇(Aldrich))、20mg三官能丙烯酸酯(trifunctional acrylate)(PETA,奧德里奇)、570mg單官能丙烯酸酯(monofunctional acrylate)(EHA,TCI)、23mg二向色染料(X12,巴斯夫(BASF))以及10mg光起始劑(photoinitiator)(Zs-39,富士膠片(Fujifilm));且藉由以下操作而製備液晶組合物(liquid crystal composition):將2.3g液晶化合物(HPC21600,HCCH)以及20mg二向色染料(X12,巴斯夫)添加至前驅體材料,添加20mg具有25μm的直徑的滾珠型間隔物(ball-type spacer),以及在攪拌器(stirrer)中攪拌所得混合物歷時7小時。此後,使用邁爾棒(mayer bar)(#14)經由棒塗佈(bar coating)而將液晶組合物施加至所製備複合層的第二金屬氧化物層的表面。藉由以下操作來製造黑色染料被引入至的聚合物分散型液晶層:將所製備複合層的第二金屬氧化物層堆疊於經塗佈液晶組合物上,並與經塗佈液晶組合物接觸,以及使用30mW高壓汞燈(high pressure mercury lamp)來施加UV歷時20秒。
藉由與實例1中描述的方法相同的方法而製造實例2的智慧窗,惟將藉由以下方法而製造的複合層用作複合層除外。
藉由使用RF濺鍍方法在玻璃基板上沈積CeO2達30nm的厚度而形成第一金屬氧化物層。藉由以下操作而製造複合層:經由DC濺鍍方法在1.5W/cm2以及3毫托的條件下在第一金屬氧化物層上沈積由Ag組成的金屬層達10nm的厚度,以及在金屬層上沈積摻雜Al氧化鋅(Al-doped zinc oxide,AZO)層達50nm的厚度作為第二金屬氧化物層。
在此狀況下,第一金屬氧化物層在550nm的波長下的折射率為2.34,金屬層在550nm的波長下的折射率為0.19,且第二金屬氧化物層在550nm的波長下的折射率為1.89。此外,藉由使用紫外線-可見光光譜儀來量測複合層的可見光線透射率而獲得的結果,在550nm的波長下的透射率為85.5%。此外,使用薄片電阻計而量測的複合層的薄片電阻小於10歐姆/平方。
藉由與實例1中描述的方法相同的方法而製造比較例1的智慧窗,惟將氧化銦錫透明電極層用作複合層除外。
藉由與實例1中描述的方法相同的方法而製造比較例2的智慧窗,惟將藉由以下方法而製造的複合層用作複合層除外。
藉由使用RF濺鍍方法在玻璃基板上沈積CeO2達35nm
的厚度而形成第一金屬氧化物層。藉由以下操作而製造複合層:經由DC濺鍍方法在0.5W/cm2以及15毫托的條件下在第一金屬氧化物層上沈積由Ag組成的金屬層達10nm的厚度,以及在金屬層上沈積摻雜Ga氧化鋅層(GZO)達45nm的厚度作為第二金屬氧化物層。
在此狀況下,第一金屬氧化物層在550nm的波長下的折
射率為2.34,金屬層在550nm的波長下的折射率為1.95,且氧化鋅層在550nm的波長下的折射率為1.94。此外,由薄片電阻計量測的金屬層的薄片電阻大於10歐姆/平方,且使用紫外線-可見光光譜儀在550nm的波長下的金屬層的可見光線透射率為46.8%。
此外,使用紫外線-可見光光譜儀在550nm的波長下的複合層的可見光線透射率為79.1%,且使用薄片電阻計而量測的複合層的薄片電阻大於10歐姆/平方。
藉由與實例2中描述的方法相同的方法而製造比較例3的智慧窗,惟在複合層的製造中將第一金屬氧化物層形成達10nm的厚度且將第二金屬氧化物層形成達80nm的厚度除外。
使用紫外線-可見光光譜儀在550nm的波長下量測的複合層的可見光線透射率為72.6%,且由薄片電阻計量測的複合層的薄片電阻大於10歐姆/平方。
在未施加電壓的狀態下量測在實例以及比較例中製造的
光調製裝置的透射率以及反射率。具體而言,使用Solid Spec-3700[製造商:島津(Shimadzu)(日本)]來量測透射率以及反射率,且在圖5(實例1)以及圖6(比較例1)中展示透射率以及反射率。如圖5以及圖6所展示,確認與使用氧化銦錫透明電極層的比較例1中的光調製裝置相比較,使用本申請案的複合層作為透明電極層的實例的光調製裝置展示在可見光區中的類似透光率,但展示在紅外線區中相當低的透光率。
根據波長來評估在實例1以及比較例2中製造的金屬層的折射率以及吸收係數,且在圖7中展示。在圖7中,n意謂金屬層根據光的波長的折射率,λ意謂光的波長,且k意謂金屬層根據光的波長的吸收係數。如圖7所展示,確認儘管將金屬層形成達相同厚度,但折射率以及吸收係數根據用於形成金屬層的條件而為不同的。
藉由與實例1以及實例2相同的方法而製造光調製裝置,且藉由改變第一金屬氧化物層以及第二金屬氧化物層的折射率而評估複合層根據第一金屬氧化物以及第二金屬氧化物的折射率而相對於波長為550nm的光的透射率,且在圖8中展示。如圖8所展示,確認複合層的透光率受到第一金屬氧化物層以及第二金屬
氧化物層的折射率影響,且特定而言,當第一金屬氧化物層以及第二金屬氧化物層的折射率包含於本申請案的以上範圍內時,判定出展現相對於波長為550nm的光為大約80%或大於80%的極好透光率。
101‧‧‧光調製層
102‧‧‧複合層
1021‧‧‧第一氧化物層
1022‧‧‧金屬層
1023‧‧‧第二氧化物層
Claims (22)
- 一種光調製裝置,包括:光調製層;以及複合層,包含依序地形成於所述光調製層的一側或兩側上的第一氧化物層、金屬層以及第二氧化物層,且對波長為550nm的光具有80%或大於80%的透射率,且對波長為780nm或大於780nm的光具有70%或小於70%的透射率,其中所述光調製層經安裝為由所述複合層所施加的信號驅動。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述光調製層根據電壓由所述複合層施加抑或未施加而在以下兩者之間切換:透射模式,其中可見光區中的透射率為40%至90%;以及阻擋模式,其中可見光區中的透射率為5%至30%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述光調製層為包含液晶化合物的液晶層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述光調製層為聚合物分散型液晶(PDLC)層、畫素隔離型液晶(PILC)層、懸浮粒子裝置(SPD)或電致變色裝置(ECD)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述光調製層包含二向色染料。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述二向色染料為黑色染料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述複合層具有20歐姆/平方或小於20歐姆/平方的薄片電阻。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第一氧化物層的折射率高於所述第二氧化物層的折射率,且所述金屬層的折射率低於所述第二氧化物層的折射率。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述金屬層在550nm的波長下具有0.1至1的折射率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述金屬層具有5nm至20nm的厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述金屬層包含具有20歐姆/平方或小於20歐姆/平方的薄片電阻的導電金屬。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第一氧化物層相對於波長為550nm的光的折射率在1.2至2.8的範圍內,且所述第二氧化物層相對於波長為550nm的光的折射率在1.5至2.5的範圍內。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第一氧化物層具有20nm至60nm的厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第二氧化物層具有10nm至100nm的厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第二氧化物層具有1.0×10-5Ωcm至1.0×105Ωcm的電阻率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第一氧化物層以及所述第二氧化物層中的每一者為包含選自由以下各者組成的群組的至少一者的金屬氧化物層:銻(Sb)、鋇(Ba)、鎵(GA)、鍺(Ge)、鉿(Hf)、銦(In)、鑭(La)、鎂(Mg)、硒 (Se)、矽(Si)、鉭(Ta)、鈦(Ti)、釩(V)、釔(Y)、鋅(Zn)以及鋯(Zr)。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第二氧化物層更包含選自由以下各者組成的群組的至少一第二金屬:鎵(Ga)、鋁(Al)、鋯(Zr)、鈦(Ti)、鈮(Nb)、鉭(Ta)、銦(In)以及釩(V)。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第二氧化物層中的所述第二金屬的含量為0.1wt%或大於0.1wt%,以及10wt%或小於10wt%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述第二氧化物層相較於所述第一氧化物層更靠近所述光調製層而安置。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述複合層存在於所述光調製層的兩側上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置,其中所述複合層具有50nm至300nm的厚度。
- 一種智慧窗,包括:如申請專利範圍第1項所述的光調製裝置。
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TWI755384B (zh) * | 2016-04-01 | 2022-02-21 | 日商日東電工股份有限公司 | 液晶調光構件、透光性導電膜及液晶調光元件 |
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EP3115834A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
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CN105874379A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
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KR101630119B1 (ko) | 2016-06-13 |
CN105723275A (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
EP3115834B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
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EP3115834A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
KR20150105249A (ko) | 2015-09-16 |
US9904129B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
JP6326693B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
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