CN105874379A - 光调制装置 - Google Patents
光调制装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105874379A CN105874379A CN201580003218.5A CN201580003218A CN105874379A CN 105874379 A CN105874379 A CN 105874379A CN 201580003218 A CN201580003218 A CN 201580003218A CN 105874379 A CN105874379 A CN 105874379A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- layer
- oxide skin
- composite bed
- optical modulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 (methyl) acryloyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003518 norbornenyl group Chemical class C12(C=CC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N omega-Hydroxydodecanoic acid Natural products OCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920012287 polyphenylene sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tunicamycin Natural products CC(C)CCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C(CC(O)C2OC(C(O)C2O)N3C=CC(=O)NC3=O)OC1OC4OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C4NC(=O)C MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ Benzene hexachloride Chemical compound ClC1C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C1Cl JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
- B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
- B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
- B60J7/043—Sunroofs e.g. sliding above the roof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/28—Interference filters
- G02B5/281—Interference filters designed for the infrared light
- G02B5/282—Interference filters designed for the infrared light reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3075—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state for use in the UV
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13731—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition
- G02F1/13737—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition in liquid crystals doped with a pleochroic dye
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133514—Colour filters
- G02F1/133521—Interference filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/08—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer
- G02F2201/083—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer infrared absorbing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/05—Function characteristic wavelength dependent
- G02F2203/055—Function characteristic wavelength dependent wavelength filtering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/11—Function characteristic involving infrared radiation
Abstract
本发明提供一种光调制装置及其用途。所述光调制装置可通过复合层施加外部信号,所述复合层在可见光区中具有高透射率,在红外光区中具有低透射率,并且具有低薄膜电阻值。这样的光调制装置可应用于多种用途,例如智能窗、窗保护膜、柔性显示元件、用于显示3D图像的有源延迟器、或者视角控制膜。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种光调制装置及其用途。
背景技术
智能窗(smart window)是一种可以自由地控制阳光的透射率的窗,被称为电子帘、透射率可切换玻璃或受照玻璃(illuminated glass)。
智能窗由例如以下部分组成:能够控制光的透射率的透光率控制层;以及通过向透光率控制层施加信号来控制透光率的驱动电路。如上所述配置的智能窗被制造成根据所施加的电压的状态来从其整个表面透射光或不透射光,并且通过控制透射率具有多种对比度。
近年来,随着对节能智能窗的关注增加,已开发出在智能窗上形成低发射率(low emissivity,low-e)涂层或电致变色(electrochromism,EC)涂层的技术,但是常规技术(韩国未审查专利申请第2012-00922474号)在同时满足确保根据阳光变化的观看、有效地防止紫外线和红外光以及防止内部产生的热的泄漏方面存在限制。
发明内容
技术问题
本申请涉及提供一种光调制装置及其用途。
技术方案
示例性光调制装置包括:光调制层;以及复合层,复合层包括第一氧化物层、金属层和第二氧化物层。在一个实例中,复合层可以设置在光调制层的一侧或两侧上。此外,第一氧化物层、金属层和第二氧化物层可以依次形成。
图1和图2是本发明的示例性光调制装置的示意图。图1的光调制装置包括光调制层101和设置在光调制层的一侧上的复合层102,并且复合层102包括依次形成的第一氧化物层1021、金属层1022和第二氧化物层1023。图2的光调制装置包括光调制层101和设置在光调制层的两侧上的复合层102,并且复合层102包括依次形成的第一氧化物层1021、金属层1022和第二氧化物层1023。
本文中所使用的术语“光调制装置”可以是通过从外部施加的信号来驱动的装置,例如,具有可变的透光率的装置。从外部施加的信号可以通过例如复合层来施加。
在一个实例中,在光调制装置中,光调制层可以根据所述复合层是否施加电压而在透射模式与阻挡模式之间切换,在透射模式中在可见光区中的透射率在40%至90%的范围内,在阻挡模式中在可见光区中的透射率在5%至30%的范围内。光调制装置可以在施加电压时为透射模式,并且在不施加电压时为阻挡模式;或者在施加电压时为阻挡模式,并且在不施加电压时为透射模式。这种现象可通过适当地控制以下描述的液晶化合物和/或二向色性染料的初始定向状态来进行。此外,光调制装置的在可见光区中的透射率的范围不限于上述范围,并且可以通过适当地控制以下描述的液晶化合物或二向色性染料的定向性而控制在更多的不同范围内。
在一个实例中,光调制层可以是包含液晶化合物的液晶层。本文中所使用的“液晶层”可以是通过在两个基板之间封装液晶化合物而形成的层。液晶化合物可以存在于例如光调制层中,以通过从外部施加的信号来改变对准方向。在这种情况下,从外部施加的信号是指以改变液晶化合物的对准所施加的所有类型的信号,并且作为代表实例,使用电压。
液晶化合物可以在初始状态下对准,或者可以不对准。本文中所使用的“初始状态”可以是不施加对液晶化合物的定向具有影响的外部信号的状态。液晶层可以通过控制液晶化合物的初始对准状态并且施加外部信号例如电压来在多种模式之间切换。在一个实例中,在液晶化合物在初始状态下对准的情况下,液晶层可以在阻挡模式与透射模式之间切换。在另一实例中,在液晶化合物在初始状态下不对准的情况下,液晶层可以在散射模式与透射模式之间切换。
只要液晶化合物的定向方向可以通过施加外部信号来改变,那么可以使用所有类型的液晶化合物。例如,作为液晶化合物,可以使用近晶型液晶化合物、向列型液晶化合物或胆甾型液晶化合物。此外,为了通过施加外部信号来改变定向方向,液晶化合物可以是,例如,不具有可聚合基团或可交联基团的化合物。
在另一实例中,光调制层可以是聚合物分散型液晶(polymer-dispersed liquid crystal,PDLC)层、像素隔离型液晶(pixel-isolated liquid crystal,PILC)层、悬浮粒子设备(suspendedparticle device,SPD)或电致变色设备(electrochromic device,ECD)。
在本说明书中,聚合物分散型液晶(PDLC)层是包括例如聚合物网络液晶层或聚合物稳定化液晶层的上位概念。聚合物分散型液晶(PDLC)层可以包括,例如,聚合物网络和液晶区,包括来自聚合物网络的以相分离状态分散的液晶化合物。此处,可以存在液晶化合物以在聚合物网络中切换定向。
聚合物网络可以是包含可聚合化合物或可交联化合物的前体材料的聚合物网络,并且可聚合化合物或可交联化合物可形成聚合状态或交联状态的聚合物网络。作为可聚合化合物包括,例如,具有已知的形成PDLC层的聚合物网络的至少一种可聚合官能团或可交联官能团的化合物。作为可聚合官能团或可交联官能团,例如,可以使用烯基、环氧基、氰基、羧基、(甲基)丙烯酰基或(甲基)丙烯酰氧基,并且根据本申请的一个示例性实施方案,可以使用具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物,但本申请不限于此。
在聚合物分散型液晶层中,作为液晶化合物,可以使用如在包含的液晶化合物的液晶层的种类中描述的化合物相同的化合物。也就是说,在聚合物分散型液晶层中,作为液晶化合物,可以使用近晶型液晶化合物、向列型液晶化合物或胆甾型液晶化合物。液晶化合物可以不与聚合物网络链接,并且当从外部施加电压时可以改变定向。为此目的,例如,液晶化合物可以使用不具有可聚合或可交联基团的液晶化合物。
通常,液晶化合物在聚合物分散型液晶层中未定向。因此,在不施加电压的情况下,聚合物分散型液晶层是不透明的,这样的状态可以被称为散射模式。在将电压施加到聚合物分散型液晶层的情况下,液晶化合物根据电压而对准并且变得透明,因而,可能在透射模式与散射模式之间切换。然而,未将电压施加至聚合物分散型液晶层的状态不限于上述状态,并且液晶化合物可以通过设置邻近于聚合物分散型液晶层的定向膜或使用可定向的聚合物网络进行定向。
本文中所使用的像素隔离型液晶层是指,例如,通过像素向其中引入间隔结构(partition structure)以保持单元(cell)间隙的液晶层。像素隔离型液晶层可以包含可以通过从外部施加信号来改变对准方向的液晶化合物。像素隔离型液晶层还可以利用液晶化合物的对准状态来控制透光率。
本文中所所用的悬浮粒子设备包括,例如,纳米尺度的棒状颗粒(nano-scale rod-shaped particle)的薄膜层合体悬浮于液晶中的结构。例如,在悬浮粒子设备中,当未施加外部信号时,悬浮粒子不会对准,因而阻挡并吸收光,并且当施加外部信号时,悬浮粒子可以对准,因而透射光。
本文中所使用的电致变色设备是指,例如,利用通过电化学氧化还原反应来改变电致变色材料的透光率的现象的装置。当不施加电信号时在ECD中包含的电致变色材料不会具有色彩,但是当施加电信号时具有色彩,因此,能够控制透光率。
在一个实例中,光调制层可以包含二向色性染料。在光调制层包含液晶化合物和二向色性染料两者的情况下,光调制层可以用作宾主型光调制层。也就是说,宾主型光调制层表现出各向异性光吸收效应:通过将二向色性染料布置成沿着液晶化合物的布置以及平行于染料的对准方向的光被吸收并且垂直于染料的对准方向的光被透射。
本文中所使用的术语“染料”可以指能够强烈地吸收和/或变换在400nm至700nm的波长范围中的至少一部分或整个范围内的光的材料,并且本文中所使用的术语“二向色性染料”可以指使得在可见光区的至少一部分或整个范围内的光各向异性吸收的材料。当将光调制层施加到光调制装置时,可以使用如上所述的二色性染料来控制色彩和透光率的表达。作为二向色性染料,例如,可以使用黑色染料或彩色染料。二向色性染料可以具有5或更多、6或更多、或者7或更多的二向色比率(dichroic ratio),即,通过将平行于二向色性染料的主轴方向的极性光的吸收率除以垂直于二向色性染料的主轴方向的极性光的吸收率所获得的值。染料可以至少在约380nm至700nm或约400nm至700nm的波长范围内的一部分波长范围内或一个波长处满足二向色比率。随着二向色比率的增加,它在提高阻挡率或表达色彩方面有效,并且二向色比率的上限没有具体的限制。因此,在考虑色彩表达的所需要的程度时可以选择和使用具有合适的二向色比率的任意二向色性染料。二向色比率的上限可以是,例如,约20、18、16或14。二向色性染料的类型没有具体的限制,例如,可以使用已知的具有上述特征并且根据液晶化合物的定向进行定向的所有类型的染料。
在本申请中,复合层可以用作可以将外部信号(例如,电压)施加至光调制层的电极层。复合层对可见光区中的光具有高透射率,并且具有高电导率和低薄膜电阻。此外,由于复合层对红外光区中的光具有低透射率,所以复合层具有阻挡热的效应。因此,这种复合层可以节省能量并且对成为光调制装置中的电极层可以是有用的。
在一个实例中,复合层在可见光区中可以具有透射率,例如,对在约400nm至700nm的范围内的任一波长处的光或在550nm的波长处的光可以具有80%或更多、85%或更多、或者90%或更多的透射率。满足所述数值范围中的复合层可以对成为光调制装置中的透明电极是有用的。然而,复合层在可见光区中的透光率不限于上述数值范围,并且在可见光区中可以具有尽可能大的透光率以被用作一般的透明电极。
在一个实例中,复合层对在红外光区中的光,例如,对在约700nm至1000nm的范围内的任一波长处的光或在780nm或更多的波长处的光可以具有70%或更少、65%或更少、或者60%或更少的透射率。满足所述数值范围的复合层可以阻挡红外光区中的热,因而,例如,可以节省能量。复合层在红外光区中的透光率的下限没有具体的限制,但是,例如,当复合层被用作智能窗的电极层时,复合层在红外光区中的透光率的下限可以为0%至5%。
在一个实例中,复合层的薄膜电阻可以为20Ω/□或更少、15Ω/□或更少、或者10Ω/□或更少,并且下限可以为,但不具体地限定于0.1Ω/□或更多。在将具有在上述范围内的薄膜电阻的复合层应用到光调制装置中的情况下,可以使功耗(consumption power)最小化,因而可以增加光调制装置的效率。在本说明书中,薄膜电阻可以通过本领域中通常已知的薄膜电阻计进行测量。
本申请的光调制装置包括复合层。该复合层可以包括依次形成的第一氧化物层、金属层和第二氧化物层。该复合层的性质,例如,在可见光区和/或红外光区中的透光率、或薄膜电阻可以根据例如,第一氧化物层、金属层或第二氧化物层的折射率、厚度、电导率或材料进行控制。
本文中所使用的术语“氧化物层”可以指包含氧化物作为主要成分的层,并且本文中所使用的术语“金属层”可以指包含作为主要成分的金属的层。在一个实例中,氧化物层可以指包含约80wt%或更多的氧化物的层,并且金属层可以指包含约80wt%或更多的金属的层。
在一个实例中,第一氧化物层的折射率可以高于第二氧化物层的折射率,并且金属层的折射率可以低于第二氧化物层的折射率。
在一个实例中,金属层对波长为550nm的光的折射率可以在0.1至1.0的范围内,并且具体地0.1或更多、0.15或更多、0.2或更多、0.25或更多、0.3或更多、0.35或更多、0.4或更多、0.45或更多或者0.5或更多,并且1.0或更少、0.95或更少、0.9或更少、0.85或更少、0.8或更少、0.75或更少、0.7或更少、0.65或更少、0.6或更少、或者0.55或更少。此外,第一氧化物层对波长为550nm的光的折射率可以在1.2至2.8或1.9至2.75的范围内,并且具体地1.2或更多、1.25或更多、1.3或更多、1.35或更多、1.4或更多、1.45或更多、1.5或更多、1.55或更多、1.6或更多、1.65或更多、1.7或更多、1.75或更多、1.8或更多、1.85或更多、1.9或更多、1.95或更多或者2.0或更多,并且2.8或更少、2.75或更少、2.7或更少、2.65或更少、2.6或更少、2.55或更少、2.5或更少、2.45或更少、2.4或更少、2.35或更少、2.3或更少、2.25或更少、2.2或更少、2.15或更少、2.1或更少、或者2.05或更少。此外,第二氧化物层对波长为550nm的光的折射率可以在1.5至2.5的范围内,并且具体地1.5或更多、1.55或更多、1.6或更多、1.65或更多、1.7或更多、1.75或更多、1.8或更多、1.85或更多、1.9或更多、1.95或更多、或者2.0或更多,并且2.5或更少、2.45或更少、2.4或更少、2.35或更少、2.3或更少、2.25或更少、2.2或更少、2.15或更少、2.1或更少、或者2.0或更少。可以利用,例如,M-2000装置[制造商:J.A.Woollam Co.,Inc.(美国)]来测量折射率。
当金属层、第一氧化物层和第二氧化物层中的每个层都满足上述折射率的范围时,复合层在可见光区具有高透光率,并且在红外光区中具有低透光率,因而可以有效地用作在节能光调制装置中的透明电极层。
第一氧化物层、金属层和第二氧化物层的折射率可以通过,例如,厚度,或通过控制各个层的沉积过程来进行控制。具体地,结晶度可以通过控制各个层的沉积条件来进行控制,并且尽管使用相同的厚度和材料,但是折射率可以彼此不同。沉积过程可以通过已知的沉积方法,例如,溅射法来进行。更具体地,第一氧化物层和第二氧化物层可以通过,例如,RF溅射法来沉积,并且金属层可以通过,例如,DC溅射法来沉积。
在一个实例中,金属层的厚度可以在5nm至20nm的范围内。更具体地,金属层的厚度可以为5nm或更多、6nm或更多、7nm或更多、8nm或更多、9nm或更多、10nm或更多、11nm或更多、或者12nm或更多,并且20nm或更少、19nm或更少、18nm或更少、17nm或更少、16nm或更少、15nm或更少、14nm或更少、或者13nm或更少。当金属层的厚度在上述范围内时,容易将金属层的折射率控制在上述范围内。此外,当金属层的厚度在上述范围内,容易形成连续的金属层膜,因而可以实现优异的电导率和低电阻,并且可以增加光调制装置在可见光区中的透光率。
在一个实例中,金属层可以包含薄膜电阻为20Ω/□或更少并且优选地10Ω/□或更少的导电金属。当在金属层中包含的导电金属的电导率在上述范围内时,可以减小复合层的薄膜电阻,并且可以增加光调制装置的效率。
在一个实例中,金属层可以包含金属,例如银(Ag)、铝(Al)、铂(Pt)、铜(Cu)或金(Au)。金属层可以包含,例如,银。在这种情况下,在制造复合层的过程或在光调制装置中使用复合层的过程中,通过与空气和水分接触,在金属层可以部分地包含氧化银。当金属层包含银和氧化银时,相对于100wt%的金属层,可以包含0.1wt%或更多且50wt%或更少的氧化银。
在一个实例中,第一氧化物层的厚度可以在20nm至60nm或40nm至50nm的范围内。更具体地,第一氧化物层的厚度可以为20nm或更多、25nm或更多、30nm或更多、35nm或更多、或者40nm或更多,并且60nm或更少、55nm或更少、50nm或更少、或者45nm或更少。当第一氧化物层的厚度在上述范围内时,容易将第一氧化物层的透光率或折射率控制在上述范围内,因而可以减小形成在第一氧化物层上的金属层的沉积的预设速率。
在一个实例中,第二氧化物层的厚度可以为10nm至100nm,并且优选地20nm至60nm。更具体地,第二氧化物层的厚度可以为10nm或更多、15nm或更多、20nm或更多、25nm或更多、30nm或更多、35nm或更多、40nm或更多、45nm或更多、或者50nm或更多,并且100nm或更少、95nm或更少、90nm或更少、85nm或更少、80nm或更少、75nm或更少、70nm或更少、65nm或更少、60nm或更少、或者55nm或更少。当第二氧化物层的厚度在上述范围内时,容易将第二氧化物层的透光率或折射率控制在上述范围内,因而可以获得优异的电导率和低电阻。
在一个实例中,第二氧化物层的电阻率可以为1.0×10-5Ωcm至1.0×105Ωcm,并且优选地1.0×10-4Ωcm至1.0×104Ωcm。当第二氧化物层的电阻率在上述范围内时,可以减小复合层的薄膜电阻,因而,可以增加光调制装置的效率。
在一个实例中,第一氧化物层和第二氧化物层中的每个层可以包含金属氧化物,所述金属氧化物包含选自以下至少之一:锑(Sb)、钡(Ba)、镓(Ga)、锗(Ge)、铪(Hf)、铟(In)、镧(La)、镁(Mg)、硒(Se)、硅(Si)、钽(Ta)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、钇(Y)、锌(Zn)和锆(Zr)。
在一个实例中,第二氧化物层还可以包含选自以下金属中的至少一种的第二金属:镓(Ga)、铝(Al)、锆(Zr)、钛(Ti)、铌(Nb)、钽(Ta)、铟(In)和钒(V)。
在第二氧化物层中包含的金属可以是掺杂材料。当第二氧化物层还包含第二金属并且用作光调制装置中的电极层时,可以提高电子迁移率。由于第二氧化物层类似于第一氧化物层具有高折射率特性,所以可以增加复合层的在可见光区中的透光率,并且可以通过光学设计减小复合层在红外光区中的透光率。此外,由于第二氧化物层具有电导率,所以金属层的电导率未被抑制,并且复合层可以用作在各个光调制装置中具有低发射率(Low-E)功能的透明电极。
在一个实例中,在第二氧化物层中的第二金属的含量可以为0.1wt%或更多且10wt%或更少。第二氧化物层的折射率可以通过,例如,第二金属的含量来改变。因此,为了实现使复合层在可见光区中的透光率最大化,可能需要控制在第二氧化物层中的第二金属的含量。此外,在第二氧化物层中包含的第二金属会影响第二氧化物层的电导率。当在第二氧化物层中的第二金属的含量满足上述范围时,第二氧化物层可以实现最佳的折射率和电导率。
在一个实例中,可以适当地控制复合层的厚度,以表现出所希望的光调制装置的特性。复合层的厚度可以控制在50nm至300nm或70nm至200nm的范围内以表现出,例如,在可见光区中的高透光率、在红外光区中的低透光率、优异的电导率、以及低电阻。
复合层还可以包括基底层,并且例如,邻近于基底层可以存在第一氧化物层。图3和图4示出了包括基底层的示例性光调制装置。例如,如图3所示,当复合层存在于光调制层的一侧上时,可以依次形成基底层301、第一氧化物层1021、金属层1022、第二氧化物层1023和光调制层101。此外,例如,如图4所示,当复合层存在于光调制层的两侧上时,可以依次形成基底层401A、第一氧化物层1021、金属层1022、第二氧化物层1023、光调制层101、第二氧化物层1023、金属层1022、第一氧化物层1021和基底层401B。
作为基底层,没有具体限制,可以使用公知的材料。例如,可以使用无机膜如玻璃膜、晶体硅膜或非晶硅膜、石英膜或铟锡氧化物(ITO)膜、或塑料膜。作为基底层,可以使用光学各向同性的基底层、光学各向异性的基底层或偏光板(例如延迟层)、或滤色器基板。例如,当偏光板存在于基底层的内侧上时,也就是说,在液晶层与基底层之间时,尽管各向异性基底层被用作基底层,但是可以实现具有合适的性能的装置。
作为塑料基底层,可以使用包含以下材料的基底层:三乙酰基纤维素(TAC);环烯烃共聚物(COP),例如降冰片烯衍生物;聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA);聚碳酸酯(PC);聚乙烯(PE);聚丙烯(PP);聚乙烯醇(PVA);二乙酰纤维素(DAC);聚丙烯酸酯(PAC);聚醚砜(PES);聚醚醚酮(PEEK);聚苯砜(PPS);聚醚酰亚胺(PEI);聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN);聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET);聚酰亚胺(PI);聚砜(PSF);聚芳酯(PAR)或非晶氟树脂(amorphous fluorine resin),但本发明不限于此。在基底层中,当需要时,可以存在金、银、或硅化合物(如二氧化硅或一氧化硅)的涂层,或防反射层的涂层。
在一个实例中,在光调制装置中,与第一氧化物层相比,第二氧化物层可以更靠近于光调制层。例如,如图1所示,当复合层存在于光调制层的一侧上时,可以依次形成第一氧化物层1021、金属层1022、第二氧化物层1023和光调制层101。此外,例如,如图2所示,当复合层存在于光调制层的两侧上时,可以依次形成第一氧化物层1021、金属层1022、第二氧化物层1023、光调制层101、第二氧化物层1023、金属层1022和第一氧化物层1021。
在一个实例中,如图2所示,在光调制装置中,复合层可以存在于光调制层的两侧上。也就是说,光调制层可以设置在彼此面对的两个复合层之间。在这种情况下,存在于两侧的复合层可以具有相同的结构(具有相同的折射率、厚度或薄膜电阻)或具有独立的结构(具有不同的折射率、厚度或薄膜电阻)。
此外,本发明提供了光调制装置的用途。光调制装置的用途可以是,例如,智能窗、窗保护膜、柔性显示元件、用于显示3D图像的有源延迟器(active retarder)或视角控制膜(viewing angle control film),但本发明不限于此。构成光调制装置的方法没有具体的限制,并且只要使用光调制装置,那么就可以应用常规的方法。
[发明的效果]
本申请的光调制装置可以通过具有在可见光区中的高透射率、在红外光区中的低透射率和低薄膜电阻的复合层施加外部信号。这样的光调制装置可以应用于多种用途,例如智能窗、窗保护膜、柔性显示元件、用于显示3D图像的有源延迟器或视角控制膜。
附图说明
图1至图4示出了示例性光调制装置;
图5示出了实施例1的光调制装置的透射率和反射率;
图6示出了比较例1的光调制装置的透射率和反射率;
图7示出了根据实施例1和比较例2的金属层根据波长的性质;以及
图8示出了根据第一金属氧化物层和第二金属氧化物层的折射率的透光率的评价结果。
具体实施方式
下文中,将参照实施例和比较例对上述内容进行详细描述。然而,本申请的范围不限于以下描述。
实施例1
复合层的制造
利用RF溅射法通过在玻璃基板上将CeO2沉积到35nm的厚度来形成第一金属氧化物层。通过如下方法来制造复合层:利用DC溅射法在1.5W/cm2以及3mTorr的条件下在第一金属氧化物层上将由Ag组成的金属层沉积到10nm的厚度,以及在金属层上将Ga掺杂的氧化锌(GZO)作为第二金属层沉积到45nm的厚度。
作为通过利用M-2000装置[制造商:J.A.Woollam Co.,Inc.(美国)]测量每个层的折射率而获得的结果,第一氧化物层在550nm波长下的折射率为2.34,金属层在550nm波长下的折射率为0.19,并且氧化锌层在550nm波长下的折射率为1.94。此外,作为通过利用UV-Vis分光计测量复合层的可见光线透射率得到的结果,波长为550nm处的透射率为87.2%。此外,利用薄膜电阻计测得的复合层的薄膜电阻小于10Ω/□。
光调制装置的制造
通过混合以下物质来制备聚合物前体材料:100mg聚氨酯丙烯酸酯官能低聚物(SU530,分子量:5000,Soltech)、300mg双官能丙烯酸酯(HDDA,Aldrich)、20mg三官能丙烯酸酯(PETA,Aldrich)、570mg单官能丙烯酸酯(EHA,TCI)、23mg二向色性染料(X12,BASF)和10mg光引发剂(Zs-39,Fujifilm),并且通过以下方法来制备液晶组合物:将2.3g液晶化合物(HPC21600,HCCH)和20mg二向色性染料(X12,BASF)添加至前体材料,添加20mg直径为25μm的球型间隔物,并且在搅拌器中搅拌所得混合物7小时。之后,通过利用迈耶棒(#14)棒涂将液晶组合物施加到制得的复合层的第二金属氧化物层的表面。通过如下方法来制造引入有黑色染料的聚合物分散型液晶层:通过将所制备的复合层的第二金属氧化物层堆叠在经涂覆的液晶组合物上,并且与经涂覆的液晶组合物接触,并且利用30mW高压汞灯施加UV 20秒。
实施例2
除了将通过以下方法制造的复合层用作复合层之外,通过与在实施例1中所述的方法相同的方法来制造实施例2的智能窗。
复合层的制造
利用RF溅射法通过在玻璃基板上将CeO2沉积到30nm的厚度来形成第一金属氧化物层。通过如下方法来制造复合层:利用DC溅射法在1.5W/cm2以及3mTorr的条件下在第一金属氧化物层上将由Ag组成的金属层沉积到10nm的厚度,以及在金属层上将Al掺杂的氧化锌(AZO)层作为第二金属层沉积到50nm的厚度。
在这种情况下,第一金属氧化物层在550nm波长下的折射率为2.34,金属层在550nm波长下的折射率为0.19,并且第二金属氧化物层在550nm波长下的折射率为1.89。此外,作为通过利用UV-Vis分光计测量复合层的可见光线透射率得到的结果,波长为550nm处的透射率为85.5%。此外,利用薄膜电阻计测得的复合层的薄膜电阻小于10Ω/□。
比较例1
除了将ITO透明电极层用作复合层之外,通过与在实施例1中所述的方法相同的方法来制造比较例1的智能窗。
比较例2
除了将通过以下方法制造的复合层用作复合层之外,通过与在实施例1中所述的方法相同的方法来制造比较例2的智能窗。
复合层的制造
利用RF溅射法通过在玻璃基板上将CeO2沉积到35nm的厚度来形成第一金属氧化物层。通过如下方法来制造复合层:利用DC溅射法在0.5W/cm2以及15mTorr的条件下在第一金属氧化物层上将由Ag组成的金属层沉积到10nm的厚度,以及在金属层上将Ga掺杂的氧化锌层(GZO)作为第二金属层沉积到45nm的厚度。
在这种情况下,第一金属氧化物层在550nm波长下的折射率为2.34,金属层在550nm波长下的折射率为1.95,并且氧化锌层在550nm波长下的折射率为1.94。此外,通过薄膜电阻计测得的薄膜电阻大于10Ω/□,利用UV-Vis分光计测量的金属层在550nm波长下的可见光线透射率为46.8%。此外,利用UV-Vis分光计测量的复合层在550nm波长下的可见光线透射率为79.1%,并且利用薄膜电阻计测得的薄膜电阻大于10Ω/□。
比较例3
除了在复合层的制造中将第一金属氧化物层形成为厚度为10nm,以及将第二金属氧化物层形成为厚度为80nm之外,通过与在实施例2中所述的方法相同的方法来制造比较例3的智能窗。
利用UV-Vis分光计测量的复合层在550nm波长下的可见光线透射率为72.6%,并且通过薄膜电阻计测得的复合层的薄膜电阻大于10Ω/□。
评价实施例1:对光调制装置的透射率和反射率的评价
在没有施加电压的状态下对在实施例和比较例中制造的光调制装置的透射率和反射率进行测量。具体地,利用Solid Spec-3700[制造商:Shimadzu(日本)]对透射率和反射率进行测量,并且示于图5(实施例1)和图6(比较例1)中。如图5和图6所示,确认的是,与使用ITO透明电极层的比较例1中的光调制装置相比,使用本申请的复合层作为透明电极层层的实施例的光调制装置显示出在可见光区中类似的透射率,但在红外光区中相当低的透射率。
评价实施例2:金属层的折射率和吸收系数根据波长的评价
根据波长对在实施例1和比较例2中制造的金属层的折射率和吸收系数进行评价,并且示于图7中。在图7中,n是指金属层的根据光的波长的折射率,λ是指光的波长,以及k是指金属层的根据光的波长的吸收系数。如图7所示,确认的是,尽管金属层形成为相同的厚度,但是根据形成金属层的条件折射率和吸收系数是不同的。
评价实施例3:复合层的透射率根据第一金属氧化物层的折射率和第二金属氧化物层的折射率的评价
通过与实施例1和实施例2相同的方法来制造光调制装置,并且通过改变第一金属氧化物层的折射率和第二金属氧化物层的折射率来对复合层对于波长为550nm的光的透射率根据第一金属氧化物层的折射率和第二金属氧化物层的折射率进行评价,并且示于图8中。如图8所示,确认的是,复合层的透射率受到第一金属氧化物层的折射率和第二金属氧化物层的折射率的影响,并且具体地,当第一金属氧化物层和第二金属氧化物层的折射率在本申请的上述范围内时,确定相对于波长为550nm的光表现为约80%或更多的优异的透射率。
附图中的主要部分的简单说明
101:光调制层
102:复合层
1021:第一氧化物层
1022:金属层
1023:第二氧化物层
301、401A、401B:基底层
Claims (22)
1.一种光调制装置,包括:
光调制层;以及
复合层,所述复合层包括依次形成在所述光调制层的一侧或两侧上的第一氧化物层、金属层和第二氧化物层,对波长为550nm的光的透射率为80%或更多,对波长为780nm或更多的光的透射率为70%或更少,
其中所述光调制层被安装成通过由所述复合层施加的信号来驱动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述光调制层根据所述复合层是否施加电压而在透射模式和阻挡模式之间切换,在所述透射模式中在可见光区中的透射率为40%至90%,在所述阻挡模式中在可见光区中的透射率为5%至30%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述光调制层是包含液晶化合物的液晶层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述光调制层是聚合物分散型液晶(PDLC)层、像素隔离型液晶(PILC)层、悬浮粒子设备(SPD)或电致变色设备(ECD)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述光调制层包含二向色性染料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其中所述二向色性染料为黑色染料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述复合层的薄膜电阻为20Ω/□或更少。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述第一氧化物层的折射率高于所述第二氧化物层的折射率,所述金属层的折射率低于所述第二氧化物层的折射率。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中所述金属层在550nm波长下的折射率为0.1至1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述金属层的厚度为5nm至20nm。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述金属层包含薄膜电阻为20Ω/□或更少的导电金属。
12.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中所述第一氧化物层相对于波长为550nm的光的折射率在1.2至2.8的范围内,所述第二氧化物层相对于波长为550nm的光的折射率在1.5至2.5的范围内。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述第一氧化物层的厚度为20nm至60nm。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述第二氧化物层的厚度为10nm至100nm。
15.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述第二氧化物层的电阻率为1.0×10-5Ωcm至1.0×105Ωcm。
16.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述第一氧化物层和所述第二氧化物层中的每一者为包含选自以下至少之一的金属氧化物层:锑(Sb)、钡(Ba)、镓(Ga)、锗(Ge)、铪(Hf)、铟(In)、镧(La)、镁(Mg)、硒(Se)、硅(Si)、钽(Ta)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、钇(Y)、锌(Zn)和锆(Zr)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述第二氧化物层还包含选自以下的至少一种第二金属:镓(Ga)、铝(Al)、锆(Zr)、钛(Ti)、铌(Nb)、钽(Ta)、铟(In)和钒(V)。
18.根据权利要求17所述的装置,其中在所述第二氧化物层中的所述第二金属的含量为0.1wt%或更多且10wt%或更少。
19.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述第二氧化物层设置成相比于所述第一氧化物层更靠近所述光调制层。
20.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述复合层存在于所述光调制层的两侧上。
21.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述复合层的厚度为50nm至300nm。
22.一种智能窗,包括:
根据权利要求1所述的光调制装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR20140027222 | 2014-03-07 | ||
KR10-2014-0027222 | 2014-03-07 | ||
PCT/KR2015/002187 WO2015133862A1 (ko) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-03-06 | 광변조 장치 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105874379A true CN105874379A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
CN105874379B CN105874379B (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
Family
ID=54244666
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580003218.5A Active CN105874379B (zh) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-03-06 | 光调制装置 |
CN201580002633.9A Active CN105723275B (zh) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-03-09 | 光学元件 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580002633.9A Active CN105723275B (zh) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-03-09 | 光学元件 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9904129B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP3115834B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP6450998B2 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR101630118B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN105874379B (zh) |
TW (2) | TWI536087B (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107422563A (zh) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-12-01 | 华南师范大学 | 一种可变色光调节智能窗及光调节方法 |
CN109782506A (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-21 | 上海理工大学 | 一种光学可变玻璃及光学可变悬浮展示装置 |
CN110546547A (zh) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-12-06 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 光学装置 |
Families Citing this family (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160035907A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-04 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Solar cell module |
WO2016147175A2 (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | Gauzy Ltd. | Solar reflective and absorptive electrically-switchable film and glazing |
EP3359404A4 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2018-12-05 | Gentex Corporation | Sunroof incorporating electro-optic element |
KR102010760B1 (ko) | 2015-10-26 | 2019-08-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 소자 |
US11347098B2 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2022-05-31 | Everix, Inc. | Interference filter film for display applications |
KR102258279B1 (ko) | 2015-12-02 | 2021-05-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 소자 |
US10261382B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2019-04-16 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Instit | Light modulation device |
KR102328764B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-01 | 2021-11-18 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 조광 부재, 광 투과성 도전 필름, 및 액정 조광 소자 |
ES2952765T3 (es) * | 2016-04-01 | 2023-11-06 | Nitto Denko Corp | Organo de regulación de luz de cristal líquido y elemento de regulación de luz de cristal líquido |
US10656480B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2020-05-19 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Transmittance-variable film |
US10451949B2 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2019-10-22 | Gentex Corporation | Polarized window assembly |
WO2018070827A1 (ko) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 편광 변환 소자 및 광고립 장치 |
WO2018080089A1 (ko) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 투과도 가변 필름 |
KR20180046871A (ko) | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 투과도 가변 필름 |
CN114460678A (zh) * | 2016-11-14 | 2022-05-10 | 日本化药株式会社 | 用于红外线波长区域的染料系偏光板 |
KR102071908B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-17 | 2020-01-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열적 내구성이 향상된 광학 소자 |
EP3561558A4 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2020-01-22 | LG Chem, Ltd. | VARIABLE REFLECTIVITY MIRROR |
CN106773180A (zh) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-31 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 视角切换结构和显示装置 |
US10739662B2 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2020-08-11 | Leaphigh Inc. | Electrochromic element and electrochromic device including the same |
WO2018164282A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光フィルム及び調光システム、調光部材 |
KR102079136B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-21 | 2020-02-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 투과율 가변 장치 |
WO2018199569A1 (ko) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-11-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전기변색필름 및 이를 포함하는 전기변색소자 |
KR102118361B1 (ko) | 2017-04-24 | 2020-06-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전기변색필름 및 이를 포함하는 전기변색소자 |
US11092844B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2021-08-17 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Optical device |
JP6852861B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-25 | 2021-03-31 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 光学デバイス |
WO2018199616A1 (ko) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 디바이스 |
KR102079135B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-02-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 투과율 가변 장치 |
KR102490569B1 (ko) * | 2017-05-09 | 2023-01-19 | 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 | 스위칭가능한 층 및 하나 이상의 광학 층을 포함하는 광학 장치 |
US9964827B1 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-05-08 | A.U. Vista, Inc. | Light control device and display device using the same |
KR102126715B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-06-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 디바이스의 제조 방법 |
KR101905119B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-10-08 | 주식회사 엔디스 | 투과율 가변 윈도우 및 이를 구비한 이동수단 |
KR102354934B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-05 | 2022-01-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 디바이스 |
US11624940B2 (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2023-04-11 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Light modulation element |
US11027599B2 (en) | 2019-03-20 | 2021-06-08 | AISIN Technical Center of America, Inc. | Systems, apparatus, and methods to adjust dimming associated with dual panel sunroofs |
JP7399536B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-12-18 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 耐赤化層 |
KR102416810B1 (ko) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-07-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 내적화층 |
KR102097815B1 (ko) * | 2019-08-07 | 2020-04-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 소자 |
WO2021032735A1 (de) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-02-25 | Sioptica Gmbh | Optisches element mit variabler transmission und bildschirm mit einem solchen optischen element |
CN110646990A (zh) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-03 | 南京中电熊猫平板显示科技有限公司 | 一种显示面板及其控制方法 |
JP2021182109A (ja) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-25 | シャープ株式会社 | 曲面表示装置 |
KR102325205B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-11-11 | 황성건 | Uv led를 이용한 투과율 가변형 스마트 윈도우 필름의 제조방법 |
CN112485850A (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-12 | 北京大学 | 具有双损耗腔结构的宽带吸收器及其制备方法 |
KR102471941B1 (ko) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-11-29 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
KR20220164292A (ko) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-12-13 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
KR20220164288A (ko) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-12-13 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
KR102524843B1 (ko) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-04-24 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
KR102491339B1 (ko) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-01-27 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
KR102471946B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-11-29 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
KR102524845B1 (ko) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-04-24 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 |
WO2024042818A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | 住友化学株式会社 | 積層体及び有機el表示装置 |
CN115793316A (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-14 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 热辐射调控模组、热辐射调控装置及车辆 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0525479A (ja) * | 1991-07-24 | 1993-02-02 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | 調光素子 |
JPH06160823A (ja) * | 1992-11-18 | 1994-06-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 調光用素子及び調光システム |
US5408353A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-04-18 | Ford Motor Company | Controllable transparency panel with solar load reduction |
US20020114901A1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2002-08-22 | Hyung-Chul Choi | Process for forming electrodes |
CN101438205A (zh) * | 2006-03-03 | 2009-05-20 | 金泰克斯公司 | 包含imi涂层的电光元件 |
Family Cites Families (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61256506A (ja) | 1985-05-08 | 1986-11-14 | 工業技術院長 | 低抵抗透明導電膜の生成方法 |
JPS62229116A (ja) | 1986-01-17 | 1987-10-07 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 液晶パネル |
US4749261A (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1988-06-07 | Taliq Corporation | Shatter-proof liquid crystal panel with infrared filtering properties |
JPH063506B2 (ja) * | 1988-07-27 | 1994-01-12 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | カラー液晶表示用透明基板 |
JPH02208630A (ja) * | 1989-02-08 | 1990-08-20 | Teijin Ltd | 調光積層体 |
GB8922168D0 (en) | 1989-10-02 | 1989-11-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Method for increasing the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals |
US5111329A (en) | 1990-11-28 | 1992-05-05 | Ford Motor Company | Solar load reduction panel with controllable light transparency |
US6015507A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 2000-01-18 | Minolta Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal element having composite layer |
US5604626A (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 1997-02-18 | Donnelly Corporation | Photochromic devices |
JP2985763B2 (ja) | 1995-03-22 | 1999-12-06 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 多層導電膜、並びにこれを用いた透明電極板および液晶表示装置 |
JPH09143680A (ja) | 1995-11-28 | 1997-06-03 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 透明導電膜 |
JP3216584B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-25 | 2001-10-09 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 液晶表示素子及びその製造方法 |
FR2779839B1 (fr) | 1998-06-10 | 2003-06-06 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Systeme electrocommandable a proprietes optiques variables |
JP2003140193A (ja) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-05-14 | Sony Corp | 調光装置及び撮像装置 |
FR2833107B1 (fr) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-02-20 | Saint Gobain | Electrode de dispositifs electrochimiques/electrocommandables |
US9134585B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2015-09-15 | Gentex Corporation | Automotive rearview mirror with capacitive switches |
JP2006221070A (ja) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Sony Corp | 反射型スクリーン |
US7525604B2 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2009-04-28 | Naxellent, Llc | Windows with electrically controllable transmission and reflection |
US7531239B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2009-05-12 | Eclipse Energy Systems Inc | Transparent electrode |
JP2006301487A (ja) | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-02 | Nidec Copal Corp | 近赤外線カットフィルタ |
JP2006330511A (ja) | 2005-05-27 | 2006-12-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 光の散乱透過、および反射の切り替えが可能な調光構造体 |
JP2009522399A (ja) * | 2005-12-29 | 2009-06-11 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 赤外線の透過を低減するための組成物 |
EP2426552A1 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2012-03-07 | Gentex Corporation | Electro-optic elements incorporating improved thin-film coatings |
KR20080040439A (ko) | 2006-11-03 | 2008-05-08 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 에너지 절약형 스마트 윈도우 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR101020879B1 (ko) | 2008-07-07 | 2011-03-11 | 주식회사 큐시스 | 고분자 분산 액정형 스마트윈도우의 전극제조를 위한전기전도성 고분자 코팅 조성물 |
KR101062878B1 (ko) | 2009-02-24 | 2011-09-07 | 주식회사 케이씨씨 | 짙은 중성 녹회색의 소다라임 유리 조성물 |
US8687258B2 (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2014-04-01 | Switch Materials, Inc. | Variable transmittance optical filter and uses thereof |
KR20120045543A (ko) | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-09 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 스마트 윈도우 장치 |
US8643933B2 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2014-02-04 | View, Inc. | Connectors for smart windows |
CN103988121B (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2017-03-15 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 液晶单元 |
JP5951878B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2016-07-13 | キュー−シス カンパニー リミテッド | ニッケル系電極を用いた高分子分散液晶型調光体およびその製造方法 |
JP2014167163A (ja) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-09-11 | Nitto Denko Corp | 赤外線反射フィルムの製造方法 |
US10180700B2 (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2019-01-15 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | Display device |
SG11201602964XA (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-05-30 | Univ Singapore | Electrochromic device with graphene/ferroelectric electrode |
EP2950138B1 (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2020-04-22 | LG Display Co., Ltd. | Light shielding apparatus and transparent display device including the same |
US9835923B2 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-12-05 | Kent State University | Bistable liquid crystal light-modulating device |
-
2015
- 2015-03-06 CN CN201580003218.5A patent/CN105874379B/zh active Active
- 2015-03-06 TW TW104107293A patent/TWI536087B/zh active
- 2015-03-06 KR KR1020150031541A patent/KR101630118B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-03-06 EP EP15759163.7A patent/EP3115834B1/en active Active
- 2015-03-06 US US15/122,267 patent/US9904129B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-06 JP JP2016533588A patent/JP6450998B2/ja active Active
- 2015-03-09 US US15/038,369 patent/US9958742B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-09 TW TW104107465A patent/TWI599814B/zh active
- 2015-03-09 KR KR1020150032441A patent/KR101630119B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-03-09 CN CN201580002633.9A patent/CN105723275B/zh active Active
- 2015-03-09 EP EP15758039.0A patent/EP3115832B1/en active Active
- 2015-03-09 JP JP2016525065A patent/JP6326693B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0525479A (ja) * | 1991-07-24 | 1993-02-02 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | 調光素子 |
JPH06160823A (ja) * | 1992-11-18 | 1994-06-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 調光用素子及び調光システム |
US5408353A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-04-18 | Ford Motor Company | Controllable transparency panel with solar load reduction |
US20020114901A1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2002-08-22 | Hyung-Chul Choi | Process for forming electrodes |
CN101438205A (zh) * | 2006-03-03 | 2009-05-20 | 金泰克斯公司 | 包含imi涂层的电光元件 |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110546547A (zh) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-12-06 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 光学装置 |
CN107422563A (zh) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-12-01 | 华南师范大学 | 一种可变色光调节智能窗及光调节方法 |
CN107422563B (zh) * | 2017-08-08 | 2020-12-08 | 华南师范大学 | 一种可变色光调节智能窗及光调节方法 |
CN109782506A (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-21 | 上海理工大学 | 一种光学可变玻璃及光学可变悬浮展示装置 |
CN109782506B (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-08-03 | 上海理工大学 | 一种光学可变玻璃及光学可变悬浮展示装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105723275B (zh) | 2019-06-11 |
TWI536087B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
JP6326693B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
KR20150105249A (ko) | 2015-09-16 |
TW201602678A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
JP2017508997A (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
TW201539097A (zh) | 2015-10-16 |
KR20150105266A (ko) | 2015-09-16 |
JP6450998B2 (ja) | 2019-01-16 |
US9904129B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
US20160377902A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
TWI599814B (zh) | 2017-09-21 |
KR101630119B1 (ko) | 2016-06-13 |
EP3115832B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
CN105874379B (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
CN105723275A (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
EP3115834B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
KR101630118B1 (ko) | 2016-06-13 |
JP2017508169A (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
EP3115832A4 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
US20160291357A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
EP3115834A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
EP3115834A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
EP3115832A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
US9958742B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105874379A (zh) | 光调制装置 | |
TW201523077A (zh) | 用於調節光之入射的裝置 | |
WO2015133878A1 (ko) | 광학 소자 | |
JP2001172634A (ja) | 液晶組成物及び該組成物を用いた液晶光変調素子 | |
CN101681069A (zh) | 透明电极 | |
CN110603481B (zh) | 包括可切换层和至少一个光学层的光学器件 | |
WO2015133862A1 (ko) | 광변조 장치 | |
Ashrit et al. | Fabrication and testing of an all-solid state system for smart window application | |
KR101793651B1 (ko) | 전기변색 디바이스 | |
TWI827763B (zh) | 可切換窗元件 | |
US20170102577A1 (en) | Electro-optical devices utilizing alternative transparent conductive oxide layers | |
JP2002107768A (ja) | 液晶表示素子 | |
KR20200103379A (ko) | 광학 디바이스 | |
TWI787584B (zh) | 光學元件及汽車 | |
KR102354934B1 (ko) | 광학 디바이스 | |
KR102318677B1 (ko) | 광학 디바이스 | |
JP2002207225A (ja) | 液晶表示素子 | |
KR20200103378A (ko) | 광학 디바이스 | |
KR20190052829A (ko) | 광량 조절 장치 | |
KR20170119323A (ko) | 전기변색 디바이스 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |