TW201406304A - 花青素系色素發色劑 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本發明之課題係為將含有花青素(anthocyanins)系色素之加工食品的顏色處理為鮮艷的顏色。此時,理想為不添加著色劑,使用高安全性且低廉之一般食品、不賦予食品異味。本發明係對於花青素系色素、或含有花青素系色素之一般加工飲食品,適量添加胜肽含量為5質量%以上、RNA含量為5質量%以上、游離胺基酸含量為4質量%以下,更佳食物纖維含量為15質量%以上之酵母萃取物。
Description
本發明係關於使食品中含有之花青素系色素發色之方法、發色劑。
將草莓或藍莓等呈現赤~藍色之具有花青素系色素之食材進行加工獲得的食品,來自於此食材的顏色也會大大地影響商品價值。然而,花青素系色素為一不穩定地物質,因為食品素材的破碎、萃取、或加熱等之加工快速地變色,而失去素材原本鮮艷的顏色。所以,為了提昇此等加工品的商品價值,有使用著色劑的情形。
作為著色劑,有紅色2號等之合成著色劑,或類胡蘿蔔素色素、胭脂紅色素等之天然系色素。但,就算添加著色劑要重現食材原本自然的顏色仍為困難,又從安全性的觀點,也期待有不添加著色劑而重現鮮艷的花青素色素的顏色的方法。
以往,已針對花青素系色素的穩定化方法進行了探討。在專利文獻1記載將從植物萃取之花青素系色素混入食鹽製成粉末狀食鹽之穩定化方法;在專利文獻2,記載將來自澱粉的1,5-D-脫水果糖與色素一同添加於食品或醫藥品之方法;在專利文獻3記載有以萃取自南天的葉萃取物作為有效成分之花青素系色素的不退色防止方法。但,此等皆為防止萃取或精製後的花青素系色素隨著時間而退色的方法,並非重現萃取前的鮮艷的顏色的方法。在專利文獻4記載有使用酵母萃取物之畜肉食品的肉色改善劑,但記載於同文獻之酵母萃取物對於花青素系色素的顏色改善效果低,又含有多
量的核苷酸,故賦予了食品鮮味。
【專利文獻】
【專利文獻1】日本特開2001-329186號公報
【專利文獻2】日本特開2003-327861號公報
【專利文獻3】日本特開平8-224068號公報
【專利文獻4】日本特開2003-284528號公報
所欲解決之課題為,使含有花青素系色素之加工食品的顏色成為如素材原本具有之鮮艷的顏色。此時,理想為不添加著色劑,使用高安全性且低廉的一般食品。又,理想為不賦予食品有不協調的味道,尤其是不賦予鮮味。
在如此之狀況中,本案發明者等發現具有特定組成之酵母萃取物有使花青素系色素發色之效果,並藉由將其少量添加於含有花青素系色素之加工食品,可使素材呈現原本具有之非常鮮艷的顏色。
亦即本發明為係為關於下列者。
(1)一種花青素系色素發色劑,係將胜肽含量為5質量%以上、RNA含量為5質量%以上、且游離胺基酸為4質量%以下之酵母萃取物作為有效成分。
(2)如前述(1)記載之花青素系色素發色劑,其中,前述酵母萃取物之食物纖維含量為15質量%以上。
(3)一種花青素系色素的發色方法,其特徵在於:將胜肽含量為5質量%以上、RNA含量為5質量%以上、且游離胺基酸為4質量%以下之酵母萃
取物,添加於花青素系色素或含有花青素系色素之食品。
(4)如前述(3)記載之花青素系色素的發色方法,其中,前述酵母萃取物的食物纖維含量為15質量%以上。
根據本發明,僅少量添加係為一般食品之酵母萃取物,即能不拘於pH變化,使花青素系色素鮮艷地發色。酵母萃取物係為一般食品,且致過敏性低,故可獲得高安全性之花青素系色素發色劑。
以下,詳細說明本發明。
在本發明中,藉由添加特定組成之酵母萃取物於花青素系色素或含有該色素之食品,可使花青素系色素發色。
花青素系色素,係指於花、蔬菜、果實,具體而言於草莓、葡萄、西梅、藍莓、西印度櫻桃、紫甘藍、茄子、紫蘇、紫米、紫芋等含有而呈現其顏色之色素化合物。作為從此類植物體萃取、精製而使用之花青素系色素,係有葡萄皮色素、紫芋色素、紫玉蜀黍色素、紫蘇色素、紫蘿蔔色素、朱槿葉色素、櫻桃色素、藍莓色素等。
本發明之含有花青素系色素之食品,係指以含有花青素系色素之植物體,例如草莓、葡萄、西梅、藍莓、西印度櫻桃、櫻桃、茄子、紫蘇、紫芋等作為原料之加工食品,加工形態何者皆可,可舉例如:抹醬、果醬、果汁、果凍、膏狀物等。或者,添加有如前述之從植物體萃取、精製之花青素系色素之食品亦可。
在本發明中使用之酵母萃取物,係含有胜肽5質量%以上,更佳為10質量%以上,又更佳為16質量%以上,且RNA 5質量%以上,更佳為10質量%以上,又更佳為25質量%以上,且游離胺基酸的含量為4質量%以下,較佳為2質量%以下者。
此外,該酵母萃取物,較佳為食物纖維含量為15質量%以上。
再者,該酵母萃取物,較佳為5’-肌苷酸的含量未達4質量%、5’-鳥苷酸的含量未達4質量%、游離胺基酸的含量未達4質量%,再者,更佳為各成分個別未達1質量%、未達1質量%、未達1質量%。5’-肌苷酸、5’-鳥苷酸、游離胺基酸全都為鮮味成分,故若將大量含有此等之酵母萃取物添加至食品中,則有賦予其食品鮮味的情形,在僅想進行色素的發色時,不盡理想。
利用於本發明之酵母萃取物,理想為,可藉由以下方式製造:培養RNA含量為6.5%以上之酵母,收集該酵母菌體,清洗之後,以熱水使酵母菌體內的酵素失活,其後,添加細胞壁溶解酵素,將所獲得的萃取物進行濃縮、殺菌、乾燥。若核酸分解酵素或蛋白分解酵素作用於前述萃取物,則RNA含量或胜肽含量無法到達規定的含量,故不盡理想。
以前述方式處理之未經核酸分解酵素或蛋白分解酵素作用所獲得的酵母萃取物,其自身幾乎無呈味性。
作為使用於如此之酵母萃取物的製造的酵母,可舉例如:麵包酵母、啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、食用圓酵母(Candida utilis)等,其中尤以使用RNA含量一般而言為高的食用圓酵母為理想。
針對花青素系色素含有或花青素系色素的食品,添加該酵母萃取物作為發色劑時的添加量,一般而言為0.01~5質量%,較佳為0.03~1質量%,更佳為0.05~0.3質量%。若為此範圍,即可不賦予異味,使花青素系色素發色。使含量較5質量%為多,則酵母萃取物自身的風味會變得明顯,又,成
本上亦不理想。
以下舉出實施例、詳細說明本發明。但是,本發明並不限定於以下之態樣。
實施例中之各測定方法,測試方法如下。
<游離胺基酸含量測定方法>
將酵母萃取物樣本溶解於0.02N-HCl者做為測定樣本。樣本使用胺基酸分析計(日立高速胺基酸分析計L-8900)測定。
<總胺基酸含量測定方法>
將酵母萃取物樣本溶解於6N-HCl,於110℃靜置24小時進行水解。將此樣本的一部份用0.02N-HCl稀釋做為總胺基酸測定樣本。樣本使用胺基酸分析計(日立高速胺基酸分析計L-8900)測定。
<胜肽含量測定方法>
胜肽含量藉由從總胺基酸含量減去游離胺基酸含量而算出。
<RNA含量測定方法>
將酵母萃取物樣本溶解於超純水者做為測定樣本,用HPLC法測定。管柱使用Asahipak HPLC column GS-320H,溶析液使用0.1M磷酸鈉緩衝液。檢測波長定為260nm。
<食物纖維含量測定方法>
於財團法人日本食品分析中心,用酵素-重量法測定。
<官能試驗實施方法>
以5名之官能品評員,針對實施例樣本、比較例樣本進行食物味道之官能試驗,與對照用樣本之味道比較進行評價。
<製造例1>酵母萃取物之取得方法
將Candida utilis Cs7529株(FERM BP-1656株)之10%菌體懸浮液1000ml用10N-硫酸調整至pH3.5,於60℃加熱處理30分鐘後,利用離心分離回收菌體,藉由將菌體以水清洗去除硫酸或不要的成分。將本菌體以水調整菌體濃度至10%,懸浮之後,於90℃加熱30分鐘,使菌體內酵素完
全失活,於40℃調整至pH7.0,添加細胞壁溶解酵素(「Tunicase」大和化成製)0.5g反應4小時,萃取出萃取物。利用離心分離將菌體殘渣去除,將獲得之上清液濃縮並噴霧乾燥,獲得酵母萃取物粉末30g。獲得之酵母萃取物(以下稱為「酵母萃取物1」。),RNA含量30.4質量%、5’-肌苷酸含量0.0質量%、5’-鳥苷酸含量0.0質量%、游離胺基酸含量0.5質量%、胜肽含量18.7質量%、食物纖維含量22.7質量%。
<實施例1>對草莓抹醬的添加效果
將草莓使用攪拌機製作對照的草莓抹醬。於對照的草莓抹醬100g添加酵母萃取物1(胜肽含量18.7質量%、RNA含量30.4質量%、游離胺基酸含量0.5質量%、食物纖維22.7質量%)0.2g並進行混合者作為實施例1之樣本。
<比較例1>
將在實施例1中,添加0.2g的酵母萃取物2(胜肽含量22.09質量%,RNA含量0.00質量%,游離胺基酸含量1.26質量%,食物纖維含量33.3質量%)代替酵母萃取物1,並進行混合者作為比較例1之樣本。
使用分光測色計(Konica Minolta Sensing公司製)評價實施例1及比較例1的草莓抹醬的顏色。又,使用pH計測定各抹醬的pH,且藉由官能評價評價味質。
分光測色計的測定結果示於表1。L*代表明亮度、a*為紅方向、b*為黃方向的色度。
實施例1與對照的草莓抹醬相比,a*值較高,呈現比對照還鮮艷的紅色,而相對於此,比較例1與對照差異不大。又,實施例1的味道與對照相較,感覺不出差異,但比較例1有賦予鮮味而感覺到異味。
<實施例2>對藍莓溶液的添加效果
於冷凍藍莓加入5倍量的水進行攪拌處理,且進行10,000rpm、10分鐘的離心分離,將上清作為對照的藍莓溶液。於對照的藍莓溶液100g添加酵母萃取物1(胜肽含量18.7質量%、RNA含量30.4質量%、游離胺基酸含量0.5質量%、食物纖維22.7質量%)0.2g,作為實施例2的樣本。
<比較例2>
在實施例2中添加0.2g的酵母萃取物2(胜肽含量22.09質量%、RNA含量0.00質量%、游離胺基酸含量1.26質量%、食物纖維含量33.3質量%)代替酵母萃取物1,作為比較例2的樣本。
以目視評價實施例2及比較例2的藍莓溶液的顏色。又,以官能評價評價味質。
實施例2與對照的藍莓溶液相較,呈現鮮艷的紫色,而相對於此,比較例2的顏色與對照幾乎沒有差異。又,實施例2的味質與對照差不多相同,但比較例2有賦予鮮味而感覺到異味。。
<實施例3>對西印度櫻桃飲品的添加效果
將市售西印度櫻桃飲品作為對照。其原材料為糖類(葡萄糖果糖糖液,麥芽寡糖)、西印度櫻桃果汁、蜂蜜、酸味料、香料、花青素色素、甘味料(甜菊)、類胡蘿蔔素色素。於對照的西印度櫻桃飲品100g添加酵母萃取物1(胜肽含量18.7質量%、RNA含量30.4質量%、游離胺基酸含量0.5質量%、食物纖維22.7質量%)0.2g,作為實施例3的樣本。
<比較例3>
在實施例3中,添加0.2g的酵母萃取物2(胜肽含量22.09質量%、RNA含量0.00質量%、游離胺基酸含量1.26質量%、食物纖維含量33.3質量%)代替酵母萃取物1,作為比較例3的樣本。
以目視評價實施例3及比較例3的西印度櫻桃飲品的顏色。又,以官能評價評價味質。
實施例3與對照的西印度櫻桃飲品相較,呈現鮮艷的紫色,但比較例3的顏色與對照幾乎沒有差異。又,實施例3與對照為同等的味質,沒有感覺到異味,而相對於此,比較例3賦予了鮮味,並不理想。
<實施例4>對葡萄果汁的添加效果
將市售葡萄果汁作為對照。其原材料為葡萄、香料。於對照的葡萄果汁100g添加酵母萃取物1(胜肽含量18.7質量%、RNA含量30.4質量%、游離胺基酸含量0.5質量%、食物纖維22.7質量%)0.2g,作為實施例4的樣本。
<比較例4>
在實施例4中,添加0.2g的酵母萃取物2(胜肽含量22.09質量%、RNA含量0.00質量%、游離胺基酸含量1.26質量%、食物纖維含量33.3質量%)代替酵母萃取物1,作為比較例4的樣本。
以目視評價實施例4及比較例4的葡萄果汁的顏色。又,以官能評價評價味質。
實施例4與對照的葡萄果汁相較,呈現鮮艷的紫色,而相對於此,比較例4的顏色與對照差不多相同。又,實施例4與對照為同等的味質,感覺不出異味,但比較例4賦予鮮味而感覺到異味。
如以上說明,根據本發明,能使含有花青素系色素的一般加工飲食品
的顏色鮮艷的發色。據此,譬如能夠提昇水果或蔬菜的果醬、冰淇淋、果汁、果凍等之視覺上的魅力。
Claims (4)
- 一種花青素系色素發色劑,係將胜肽含量為5質量%以上、RNA含量為5質量%以上、且游離胺基酸為4質量%以下之酵母萃取物作為有效成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之花青素系色素發色劑,其中,該酵母萃取物之食物纖維含量為15質量%以上。
- 一種花青素系色素的發色方法,其特徵在於:將胜肽含量為5質量%以上、RNA含量為5質量%以上、且游離胺基酸為4質量%以下之酵母萃取物,添加於花青素系色素或含有花青素系色素之食品。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之花青素系色素的發色方法,其中,該酵母萃取物的食物纖維含量為15質量%以上。
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