TW201350496A - 硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池 - Google Patents
硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201350496A TW201350496A TW102115184A TW102115184A TW201350496A TW 201350496 A TW201350496 A TW 201350496A TW 102115184 A TW102115184 A TW 102115184A TW 102115184 A TW102115184 A TW 102115184A TW 201350496 A TW201350496 A TW 201350496A
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- Prior art keywords
- sulfide semiconductor
- thin film
- sulfide
- coating liquid
- semiconductor
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 33
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 salt compound Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910004664 Cerium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DUDJJJCZFBPZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru]=S Chemical compound [Ru]=S DUDJJJCZFBPZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 3
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZEGFMFQPWDMMEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Sr+2] ZEGFMFQPWDMMEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHIITNFQDPFSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 25,26,27,28-tetrazahexacyclo[16.6.1.13,6.18,11.113,16.019,24]octacosa-1(25),2,4,6,8(27),9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23-tridecaene Chemical class N1C(C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)=N2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 MHIITNFQDPFSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ba+2] CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMXSKTNPRXHINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] MMXSKTNPRXHINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSFSVEDCYBDIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-6-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 GSFSVEDCYBDIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVVDWNGSYZZKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC(=S)N Chemical compound C(C)C1C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC(=S)N UVVDWNGSYZZKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKKMPIVVJOFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(=C2C5=CC=CC=C5OC)C6=CC=CC=C6OC Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(=C2C5=CC=CC=C5OC)C6=CC=CC=C6OC CKKMPIVVJOFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLCDUOXHFNUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-Dimethylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)NC VLCDUOXHFNUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLVIGYVXZHLUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diethylthiourea Chemical compound CCNC(=S)NCC FLVIGYVXZHLUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQJQICVXLJTWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(N)=S KQJQICVXLJTWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMEHFXXZSWDEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylthiourea Chemical compound CCNC(N)=S GMEHFXXZSWDEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QFTAVWKJFQOKFL-UHFFFAOYSA-H S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ru+3].S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ru+3] Chemical compound S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ru+3].S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=S)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ru+3] QFTAVWKJFQOKFL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZCCPOMHYEYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].NC(N)=S Chemical compound [Ru].NC(N)=S XEZCCPOMHYEYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiocyanate Chemical compound [NH4+].[S-]C#N SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IKIBSPLDJGAHPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic triiodide Chemical compound I[As](I)I IKIBSPLDJGAHPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036348 bismuth carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Cs+] LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- GMZOPRQQINFLPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H dibismuth;tricarbonate Chemical compound [Bi+3].[Bi+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O GMZOPRQQINFLPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMBWSYZSUOEYSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyldithiocarbamic acid Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(S)=S LMBWSYZSUOEYSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950004394 ditiocarb Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- LKOFYSLNZDFWHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazinyl thiocyanate Chemical compound NNSC#N LKOFYSLNZDFWHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNJLJZXVKYEQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazinylcarbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NNNC(S)=S DNJLJZXVKYEQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical class [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- TVPFLPJBESCUKI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;n,n-dimethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [K+].CN(C)C([S-])=S TVPFLPJBESCUKI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZMWBGRXFDPJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;propan-2-yloxymethanedithioate Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)OC([S-])=S ZMWBGRXFDPJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WYRXRHOISWEUST-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Ru+3] WYRXRHOISWEUST-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OQNVUPNVEOGNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trithiocyanate Chemical compound [Ru+3].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N OQNVUPNVEOGNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZFBEFUNINJXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium ethyl xanthate Chemical compound [Na+].CCOC([S-])=S RZFBEFUNINJXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IRZFQKXEKAODTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;propan-2-yloxymethanedithioate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)OC([S-])=S IRZFQKXEKAODTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052959 stibnite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052678 stilbite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylidenestibanylsulfanyl)stibane Chemical compound S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKCNVZWZCYIBPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [In]=S GKCNVZWZCYIBPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002233 thin-film X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUZKVHDUZDJKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl arsorite Chemical compound CCO[As](OCC)OCC BUZKVHDUZDJKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGOJQVLHSPGMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl stiborite Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JGOJQVLHSPGMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRQNNUGOBNRKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluororuthenium Chemical compound F[Ru](F)F YRQNNUGOBNRKKW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H tristrontium;diphosphate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[Sr+2].[Sr+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
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Abstract
本發明之目的在於提供一種硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,其可大面積且簡易地形成作為光電轉換材料之半導體材料較為有用之硫化物半導體。又,本發明之目的在於提供一種硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池,該等係使用該硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液製造而成。本發明係一種硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,其含有包含週期表第15族之金屬元素及硫之錯合物。
Description
本發明係關於一種作為太陽電池等之光電轉換元件用之半導體材料較佳之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液。又,本發明係關於一種使用該硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液製造而成之硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。
硫化銻(Sb2S3)、硫化鉍(Bi2S3)等硫化物半導體由於其帶隙(bandgap)為1.0~2.5eV,故而於可見光區域顯示出高光吸收特性。因此,此種硫化物半導體被視為可望用作太陽電池等之光電轉換材料或可見光應答型光觸媒材料(visible light response-type photocatalyst)。又,此種硫化物半導體由於其在紅外區域之高穿透性,故而作為紅外線感測器亦被大力地研究,進而,由於藉由光照射會使其導電率發生變化,故而作為光導電材料亦受到注目。
先前,此種硫化物半導體之薄膜係藉由真空蒸鍍法、濺鍍法、氣相反應法(CVD,Chemical Vapor Deposition)等方法製造。例如,非專利文獻1中提出有利用濺鍍法之硫化銻薄膜之製作方法。此種方法中,認為剛成膜後之膜為非晶質(帶隙2.24eV),而藉由於400℃下於硫環境中燒成,獲得結晶膜(帶隙1.73eV)。
又,非專利文獻2中亦揭示有使用電化學沈積法之硫化物薄膜之製作方法。此種方法中,獲得帶隙分別為1.58eV(Sb2S3)、1.74eV(Bi2S3)之薄膜。
然而,真空蒸鍍法或濺鍍法等方法不僅裝置高價而對成本方面不利,亦有大面積之成膜較困難之問題。又,電化學沈積法無需真空設備,可於常溫下成膜,但有只可於導電性之基板上進行成膜之問題。
非專利文獻1:Matthieu Y. Versavel and Joel A. Haber, Thin Solid Films, 515 (18), 7171-7176 (2007)
非專利文獻2:N. S. Yesugade, et al., Thin Solid Films, 263 (2), 145-149 (1995)
本發明鑒於上述現狀,其目的在於提供一種硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,該硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液可大面積且簡易地形成作為光電轉換材料之半導體材料較為有用之硫化物半導體。又,本發明之目的在於提供一種硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池,該等係使用該硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液製造而成。
本發明係一種含有包含週期表第15族金屬元素及硫之錯合物的硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液。以下,對本發明詳細地進行說明。
本發明人認為,藉由使用含有含金屬化合物及含硫化合物之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液(即硫化物半導體之前驅物溶液),可採用印刷法並可大面積且簡易地形成硫化物半導體。然而,存在如下情況:藉由含金屬化合物、含硫化合物、及用以溶解該等之溶劑之組合,於硫化物半導體之膜表面容易產生粗糙,其結果為,電氣特性及半導體特性變低。又,此種方法中,再現性較高之成膜較困難。
本發明人等努力研究,結果發現:於含有含金屬化合物及含硫化合物之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液中,藉由於有機溶劑中使用形成包含金屬元
素及硫之錯合物的含金屬化合物及含硫化合物,可獲得穩定之塗佈液,且塗佈後可藉由簡易之處理而製作所需之硫化物半導體,而完成本發明。
本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液含有包含週期表第15族金屬元素及硫之錯合物。
藉由形成此種錯合物,獲得穩定之塗佈液。其結果為,不僅形成均勻之優質之硫化物半導體,且其電氣特性及半導體特性亦提高。再者,包含週期表第15族金屬元素及硫之錯合物可藉由利用紅外吸收光譜測定源自金屬元素-硫間之鍵的吸收波峰而確認。
作為上述週期表第15族金屬元素,較佳為銻、鉍。其中,就形成電氣特性及半導體特性更優異之硫化物半導體而言,更佳為銻。
包含上述週期表第15族金屬元素及硫之錯合物較佳為形成於上述週期表第15族金屬元素與含硫化合物之間。含硫化合物中之硫元素具有不參與化學鍵結之孤電子對,故而容易於與上述週期表第15族金屬元素之空電子軌道(d軌道或f軌道)之間形成配位鍵。
為形成此種錯合物,本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液較佳為至少由含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物、含硫化合物、及有機溶劑而獲得。
上述含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物係以使用之含硫化合物及有機溶劑配合可形成錯合物之方式適當地選擇。作為上述含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物,可列舉上述週期表第15族金屬元素之金屬鹽、有機金屬化合物等。
作為上述金屬鹽,例如可列舉:上述週期表第15族金屬元素之氯化物、氧氯化物、硝酸鹽、碳酸鹽、硫酸鹽、銨鹽、硼酸鹽、矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽、氫氧化物、過氧化物等。又,亦包含上述金屬鹽之水合物。
作為上述有機金屬化合物,例如可列舉:上述週期表第15族之金屬元
素之羧酸、二羧酸、寡羧酸(Oligo carboxylicacid)、聚羧酸之鹽化合物。更具體而言,可列舉:上述週期表第15族之金屬元素之乙酸、甲酸、丙酸、辛酸、硬脂酸、草酸、檸檬酸、乳酸等之鹽化合物等。
作為上述含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物,具體而言,例如可列舉:氯化銻、乙酸銻、溴化銻、氟化銻、氧基氧化銻、三乙氧基銻、三丙氧基銻、硝酸鉍、氯化鉍、硝酸氫氧化鉍、三(2-甲氧基苯基)鉍、碳酸鉍、碳酸氧鉍(Bismuthsubcarbonate)、磷酸鉍、溴化鉍、三乙氧基鉍、三異丙氧基銻、碘化砷、三乙氧基砷等。該等含有週期表第15族之金屬元素之含金屬化合物可單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液中含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物的添加量並無特別限定,較佳之下限為0.5重量%,較佳之上限為70重量%。若上述添加量為0.5重量%以上,則可容易地製作優質之硫化物半導體。若上述添加量為70重量%以下,則可容易地獲得穩定之塗佈液。
上述含硫化合物係以使用之含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物及有機溶劑配合可形成錯合物之方式適當地選擇。
作為上述含硫化合物,例如可列舉:硫脲、硫脲之衍生物、硫乙醯胺、硫乙醯胺之衍生物、二硫胺甲酸鹽(Dithiocarbamate)、黃原酸鹽(Xanthate)、二硫代磷酸鹽(Dithiophosphate)、硫代硫酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽等。
作為上述硫脲之衍生物,可列舉:1-乙醯基-2-硫脲、伸乙硫脲、1,3-二乙基-2-硫脲、1,3-二甲基硫脲、四甲基硫脲、N-甲基硫脲、1-苯基-2-硫脲等。作為上述二硫胺甲酸鹽,可列舉:二甲基二硫胺甲酸鈉、二乙基二硫胺甲酸鈉、二甲基二硫胺甲酸鉀、二乙基二硫胺甲酸鉀等。作為上述黃原酸鹽,可列舉:乙基黃原酸鈉(sodium ethyl xanthate)、乙基黃原酸鉀、異丙基黃原酸鈉、異丙基黃原酸鉀等。作為上述硫代硫酸鹽,可列舉:硫
代硫酸鈉、硫代硫酸鉀、硫代硫酸銨等。作為上述硫氰酸鹽,可列舉:硫氰酸鉀、硫氰酸鉀、硫氰酸銨等。該等含硫化合物可單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
相對於上述含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物之莫耳數,本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液中含硫化合物之添加量較佳為1~30倍。更佳為2~20倍。若上述添加量為1倍以上,則容易獲得計量比之硫化物半導體。若上述添加量為30倍以下,則塗佈液之穩定性進一步提高。
上述有機溶劑係以使用之含有週期表第15族金屬元素之含金屬化合物及含硫化合物配合可形成錯合物之方式適當地選擇。
作為上述有機溶劑,例如可列舉:甲醇、乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基亞碸、丙酮、二口咢烷、四氫呋喃、異丙醇、正丙醇、氯仿、氯苯、吡啶、甲苯等,該等之中尤佳為甲醇、乙醇、丙酮。該等有機溶劑可單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。其中,就形成電氣特性及半導體特性更優異之硫化物半導體而言,較佳為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺。
又,本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液亦可於不阻礙本發明之效果之範圍內,進而含有水等非有機溶劑成分。
作為上述包含週期表第15族金屬元素及硫之錯合物,具體而言,例如可列舉:鉍-硫脲錯合物、鉍-硫代硫酸錯合物、鉍-硫氰酸錯合物、銻-硫脲錯合物、銻-硫代硫酸錯合物、銻-硫氰酸錯合物、銻-二硫胺甲酸錯合物、銻-黃原酸錯合物等。
藉由將本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液塗佈於基板上而製造之硫化物半導體薄膜亦為本發明之一。如此而獲得之硫化物半導體之薄膜作為太陽電池用材料、光觸媒材料或光導電材料較為有用。
塗佈本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液之方法並無特別限定,例如
可列舉旋轉塗佈法、輥對輥(roll to roll)等印刷法。藉由使用本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,可採用印刷法並可均勻且平滑地形成硫化物半導體薄膜,因此可提高硫化物半導體薄膜之電氣特性及半導體特性,亦可削減形成成本。
又,將使用本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液而獲得之硫化物半導體用作光電轉換層之薄膜太陽電池亦為本發明之一。
上述光電轉換層較佳為進而包含鄰接於硫化物半導體之有機半導體。於該情形時,上述光電轉換層之硫化物半導體與有機半導體之位置關係為兩者相互鄰接即可,可為包含硫化物半導體層與有機半導體層之積層體,亦可為使硫化物半導體與有機半導體混合而複合化而成的複合膜。
作為上述包含硫化物半導體層與有機半導體層之積層體的製造方法,可使用於使用本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液而獲得之硫化物半導體薄膜層上積層有機半導體薄膜層之方法,亦可相反地於有機半導體薄膜層上積層硫化物半導體薄膜層。
作為上述使硫化物半導體與有機半導體混合而複合化而成之複合膜的製作方法,可列舉將本發明之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液與有機半導體之混合液塗佈於基板上之方法。
作為上述有機半導體,並無特別限定,例如可列舉聚(3-烷基噻吩)等噻吩衍生物等。又,作為上述有機半導體,例如亦可列舉:聚對苯乙炔衍生物(poly paraphenylene vinylene)、聚乙烯咔唑衍生物、聚苯胺衍生物、聚乙炔衍生物等導電性高分子等。又,作為上述有機半導體,例如亦可列舉:酞青衍生物、萘酞青衍生物、稠五苯衍生物、苯并卟啉(benzoporphyrin)衍生物等卟啉衍生物等。其中,就相對耐久性較高而言,較佳為噻吩衍生物、酞青衍生物、萘酞青衍生物、苯并卟啉衍生物。
本發明之薄膜太陽電池除上述光電轉換層以外,亦可進而具
有基板、電洞傳輸層、電子傳輸層等。上述基板並無特別限定,例如可列舉:鈉鈣玻璃、無鹼玻璃等透明玻璃基板,陶瓷基板,透明塑膠基板等。
上述電洞傳輸層之材料並無特別限定,例如可列舉:P型導電高分子、P型低分子有機半導體、P型金屬氧化物、P型金屬硫化物、界面活性劑等,具體而言,例如可列舉:聚乙烯二氧噻吩(polyethylenedioxythiophene)之聚苯乙烯磺酸加成物、含羧基之聚噻吩、酞青、卟啉、含氟基之膦酸、含羰基之膦酸、氧化鉬、氧化釩、氧化鎢、氧化鎳、氧化銅、氧化錫、硫化鉬、硫化鎢、硫化銅、硫化錫等。
上述電子傳輸層之材料並無特別限定,例如可列舉:N型導電高分子、N型低分子有機半導體、N型金屬氧化物、N型金屬硫化物、鹵化鹼金屬、鹼金屬、界面活性劑等,具體而言,例如可列舉:含氰基之聚苯乙炔、含硼之聚合物、2,9-二甲基-4,7-聯苯-1,10-啡啉(bathocuproine)、4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉(bathophenanthroline)、羥基喹啉基鋁(hydroxyquinolinato aluminum)、口咢二唑化合物、苯并咪唑化合物、萘四羧酸化合物、苝衍生物、氧化膦化合物、硫化膦化合物、含氟基之酞青、氧化鈦、氧化鋅、氧化銦、氧化錫、氧化鎵、硫化錫、硫化銦、硫化鋅等。
本發明可提供一種硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,其可大面積且簡易地形成作為光電轉換材料之半導體材料較為有用之硫化物半導體。
又,本發明可提供一種硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池,該等係使用該硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液製造而成。
以下,列舉實施例進而詳細地說明本發明,但本發明並非僅
限定於該等實施例。
於甲醇100重量份中添加氯化銻(III)20重量份之後,藉由攪拌來溶解。其次,將硫脲(CS(NH2)2)13.5重量份一面攪拌一面緩慢地添加至所獲得之氯化銻(III)之甲醇溶液中。此時,溶液自混合前之無色透明變為黃色透明。添加結束後進而攪拌30分鐘,藉此製作硫化銻形成用塗佈液。
對硫化銻形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果,源自-NH2伸縮振動(Stretching vibration)之3個吸收波峰位置(3370cm-1、3290cm-1、3148cm-1)與硫脲單一成分之源自-NH2之吸收波峰位置相同。另一方面,源自C=S鍵之吸收波峰於硫脲單一成分中為一個波峰(1413cm-1),相對於此,於硫化銻形成用塗佈液中分為2個。又,源自C-N之伸縮振動之吸收波峰會自1474cm-1移動至1511cm-1。
根據該等結果可知,於硫化銻形成用塗佈液中,於銻與硫脲之間形成錯合物,該錯合物之形成並非於銻原子與硫脲中之氮原子之間,而是形成於銻原子與硫脲中之硫原子之間。
利用旋轉塗佈將硫化銻形成用塗佈液以轉速3000rpm之條件塗佈於ITO(Indium Tin Oxides,氧化銦錫)玻璃基板(ITO膜之厚度:240nm)上。塗佈後,於室溫下放置10分鐘後,於70℃下乾燥5分鐘。此時之膜大致為無色透明。其後,將樣品放入真空爐內,抽成真空並且於260℃下燒成10分鐘,藉此獲得硫化銻之薄膜。自真空爐取出之膜為黑色。利用甲醇對燒成之膜進行超音波清洗5分鐘,之後進行膜之物性評價。
首先,利用膜厚計(KLA-TENCOR,P-16+)測定平均膜厚,結果為120nm。又,利用分光光度計(Hitachi Hitec公司製造,U-4100)測定膜之吸收
光譜,根據該吸收光譜估計帶隙,結果帶隙為1.7eV。進而,進行薄膜X射線繞射分析(裝置:RINT-Ultima III),結果所獲得之膜為具有輝銻礦結構(Stibnite)之結晶膜。此外,利用光學顯微鏡及雷射顯微鏡確認膜表面之形狀,結果為平滑且均勻之形狀。
於所獲得之硫化銻薄膜之表面,利用旋轉塗佈法使聚(3-烷基噻吩)(P3HT)成膜(膜厚:100nm)作為P型半導體層。其後,利用旋轉塗佈法使聚乙烯二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸酯(PEDOT:PSS)成膜為100nm之厚度作為電洞傳輸層。繼而,於其表面利用真空蒸鍍法使厚度80nm之金電極成膜,藉此製成薄膜太陽電池。
將氯化銻(III)變更為乙酸銻(III),除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,對所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果確認於銻與硫脲之間形成有錯合物。
將硫脲變更為硫代硫酸鈉,除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,對所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果確認於銻與硫代硫酸之間形成有錯合物。
將硫脲變更為硫氰酸鉀,除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成
硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,對所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果確認於銻與硫氰酸之間形成有錯合物。
將溶劑從甲醇變更為異丙醇,除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,對所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果確認於銻與硫脲之間形成有錯合物。
將溶劑從甲醇變更為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺,除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,對所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果確認於銻與硫脲之間形成有錯合物。
將氯化銻(III)變更為硝酸鉍(III),除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,對所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果確認於鉍與硫脲之間形成有錯合物。
將硫脲變更為乙基黃原酸鉀,將溶劑從甲醇變更為甲苯,將燒成溫度從260℃變更為200℃,除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,對所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液測定紅外吸收光譜,結果確認於銻與乙基黃原酸之間形成有錯合物。
將硫脲變更為硫化鈉,除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液並非透明,而為容易沈澱之黃色混濁液。對該黃色混濁成分,利用紅外吸收光譜與螢光X射線進行測定,結果得知為硫化銻。因此,可確認,於使用硫化鈉之情形時,於硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液中未形成錯合物,氯化銻與硫化鈉直接進行反應而形成硫化銻。
將溶劑從甲醇變更為水,除此以外,利用與實施例1相同之方法製成硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液、硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池。又,對硫化物半導體薄膜之物性亦利用與實施例1相同之方法進行評價。
再者,所獲得之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液並非透明,而為白色混濁液。對該白色混濁液成分,利用紅外吸收光譜與螢光X射線進行測定,結果得知為氧化銻。可認為其原因在於原料即氯化銻於水中容易水解。
對所獲得之薄膜太陽電池進行以下評價。
於實施例及比較例中獲得之薄膜太陽電池之電極間連接電源(KEITHLEY公司製造,236型號),使用強度100mW/cm2之太陽模擬裝置(山下電裝公司製造)測定太陽電池之能量轉換效率。再者,將比較例1中獲得之太陽電池之能量轉換效率設為1.0而進行標準化。將結果示於表1。
根據本發明,可提供一種硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,其可大面積且簡易地形成作為光電轉換材料之半導體材料較為有用之硫化物半導體。又,根據本發明,可提供一種硫化物半導體薄膜及薄膜太陽電池,該等係使用該硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液所製造而成。
Claims (5)
- 一種硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,含有包含週期表第15族之金屬元素及硫之錯合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液,其至少由含有週期表第15族之金屬元素之含金屬化合物、含硫化合物、及有機溶劑所獲得。
- 一種硫化物半導體薄膜,係藉由將申請專利範圍第1或2項之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液塗佈於基板上所製造而成。
- 一種薄膜太陽電池,係將使用申請專利範圍第1或2項之硫化物半導體形成用塗佈液而獲得之硫化物半導體用作光電轉換層。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之薄膜太陽電池,其中光電轉換層進一步包含與硫化物半導體鄰接之有機半導體。
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