TW201343923A - 水系冷卻劑 - Google Patents

水系冷卻劑 Download PDF

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TW201343923A
TW201343923A TW102107284A TW102107284A TW201343923A TW 201343923 A TW201343923 A TW 201343923A TW 102107284 A TW102107284 A TW 102107284A TW 102107284 A TW102107284 A TW 102107284A TW 201343923 A TW201343923 A TW 201343923A
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water
salt
coolant
inorganic acid
mass
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Mayu Hasegawa
Masahisa Goto
Katsumi Ichitani
Kenro Noguchi
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Idemitsu Kosan Co
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Abstract

水系冷卻劑的特徵在於：由摻合入磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽、亞硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、鎢酸鹽、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、及倍半碳酸鹽中之任一種以上的無機酸鹽而構成。根據本發明的水系冷卻劑，因為具備有高冷卻性能、且冷卻對象之金屬材料不易遭腐蝕，因而頗適用為金屬材料的淬火油、切削油。

Description

水系冷卻劑 發明領域
本發明係關於水系冷卻劑，詳言之，係關於金屬零件淬火等所使用的水系冷卻劑。
發明背景
金屬零件淬火所使用的冷卻劑(熱處理液)，大致區分為油系及水系(水溶液)，廣泛使用油系熱處理液。理由係油系熱處理液具有適度的冷卻性能，且淬火應變較小，不會有發生淬火龜裂顧慮的緣故。
另一方面，特別係較大金屬零件、淬火性較差的金屬零件之情況，因為油系熱處理液的冷卻速度較慢、冷卻性能嫌不足，因而採用水系熱處理液。但是，因為水系熱處理液的冷卻性能高於油系熱處理液，因而容易發生冷卻不均導致會有淬火龜裂的可能性。
此處，已知有為防止淬火龜裂，而將水溶性聚合物添加於水系熱處理液中的組成物。此種水系熱處理液組成物係由水溶性聚合物附著於金屬零件的表面上，而阻礙熱傳導，抑制冷卻性能。經添加水溶性聚合物的水系熱處理液組成物係工業性普及，水溶性聚合物係以聚伸烷基二 醇(PAG)為主流。但，此種水系熱處理液組成物的蒸氣膜階段較長，所以會有容易引發冷卻不均的缺點。
此處，有提案：藉由在高分子量的聚伸烷基二醇中添加低分子量的二醇，而縮短蒸氣膜階段，俾提升耐冷卻不均性能的水系熱處理液組成物(文獻1：參照日本專利特開平9-227932號公報)。又，亦有提案：使水溶性聚氧伸烷基衍生物中含有羧酸或磺酸之鹼金屬鹽的水系熱處理液(文獻2：參照日本專利特開平6-336607號公報)。
另一方面，提高耐冷卻不均性能的技術，已知自以前起便有利用食鹽水進行淬火。因為食鹽水沒有蒸氣膜階段，因而具有高冷卻性能，且耐冷卻不均性能高、淬火龜裂少(非文獻1：參照大和久重雄、「思考淬火龜裂」、熱處理、昭和42年6月、第7卷、第3號、p.140~144)。
然而，文獻1、文獻2的水系熱處理液之冷卻速度不足。此現象被認為是因為其具有在淬火龜裂危險區域呈徐緩冷卻之接近油系淬火油特長此一目的之緣故。另一方面，非文獻1的食鹽水在熱處理後1小時以內的極短時間內會生鏽，且對油槽等設備的腐蝕亦明顯，因而工業上幾乎未使用。
發明概要
本發明目的在於提供：具有高冷卻性能、冷卻對象的金屬材料不易發生腐蝕之水系冷卻劑。
為解決前述課題，本發明係提供如下述水系冷卻 劑。
(1)一種水系冷卻劑，其特徵在於係摻合磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽、亞硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、鎢酸鹽、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽及倍半碳酸鹽(sesquicarbonate)之任一種以上的無機酸鹽而構成。
(2)上述水系冷卻劑中，其特徵在於前述無機酸鹽係無機酸的金屬鹽。
(3)上述水系冷卻劑中，其特徵在於前述無機酸鹽係鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、及鎂鹽中之至少任一者。
(4)上述水系冷卻劑中，其特徵在於以該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述無機酸鹽的摻合量為1質量%以上且20質量%以下。
(5)上述水系冷卻劑中，其特徵在於前述磷酸鹽係正磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、多磷酸鹽及偏磷酸鹽之至少任一者。
(6)上述水系冷卻劑其特徵在於係淬火油或切削油。
根據本發明，可提供具有極高冷卻性能、且冷卻對象之金屬材料不易遭腐蝕的水系冷卻劑。
本發明的水系冷卻劑(以下亦簡稱「本冷卻劑」)係經摻合預定無機酸鹽而構成的水溶液。以下進行詳細說明。
本冷卻劑所使用的無機酸鹽，係可舉例如：磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽、亞硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、鎢酸鹽、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、及倍半碳酸鹽(sesquicarbonate)等。該等係可單獨使用、亦可混合使用。
上述無機酸鹽之中，就冷卻效果的觀點較佳係磷酸鹽。磷酸鹽可為正磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、多磷酸鹽、及偏磷酸鹽中之任一者。多磷酸鹽係可舉例如二磷酸鹽(焦磷酸鹽)、三多磷酸鹽(tripolyphosphates)等。該等之中，就冷卻效果的觀點，較佳係焦磷酸鹽。
此種無機酸鹽較佳係金屬鹽，具體係可例如鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、及鎂鹽等。該等之中，就冷卻性的觀點，較佳係鈉鹽、鉀鹽。
再者，本冷卻劑的pH，就腐敗防止的觀點，較佳係7以上。
本冷卻劑的無機酸鹽之較佳摻合量，係1質量%以上且20質量%以下，更較佳的摻合量係3質量%以上且15質量%。若無機酸鹽的摻合量未滿1質量%，便會有冷卻效果嫌不足的可能性。另一方面，若無機酸鹽的摻合量超過20質量%。便無法期待會有如何的冷卻效果提升。
在本冷卻劑中，視需要亦可更進一步摻合入水溶性防鏽劑、金屬腐蝕防止劑。就防鏽性能提升及經濟性均衡等層面觀之，依本冷卻劑全量基準計，水溶性防鏽劑的摻合量較佳係0.01質量%以上且5質量%以下、更佳係0.03質量%以上且1質量%以下。此種水溶性防鏽劑係可舉例如：辛酸鹽 等脂肪族單羧酸鹽；辛二酸(suberic acid)鹽、癸二酸(sebacic acid)鹽等脂肪族二羧酸鹽，較佳係使用例如癸二酸鉀等。另外，水溶性防鏽劑亦可為芳香族羧酸鹽。又，水溶性防鏽劑亦可適當使用單羥基單乙基哌等哌衍生物等等。
金屬腐蝕防止劑較佳係可使用苯并三唑系化合物、苯并咪唑系化合物、苯并噻唑系化合物、及苯并噻二唑系化合物等。該等係可單獨使用、亦可混合使用。
此處，所謂「苯并三唑系化合物」係指苯并三唑自身、或其衍生物。相關苯并咪唑系化合物、苯并噻唑系化合物、及苯并噻二唑系化合物亦同。例如苯并三唑系化合物係可舉例如苯環上有烷基取代的烷基苯并三唑、以及胺基氫被烷基取代的(烷基)胺烷基苯并三唑等。依本冷卻劑全量基準計，此種金屬腐蝕防止劑的摻合量較佳係0.01質量%以上且1質量%以下、更佳係0.1質量%以上且0.7質量%以下。若金屬腐蝕防止劑的摻合量未滿0.01質量%，便會有金屬腐蝕防止效果嫌不足的可能性。另一方面，即便金屬腐蝕防止劑的摻合量超過1質量%，仍無法期待如何的金屬腐蝕防止效果提升。
本冷卻劑亦可更進一步摻合入通用添加劑，例如抗氧化劑、及潔淨分散劑等。
本發明的冷卻劑係具備有高冷卻性能、冷卻對象之金屬材料不易遭腐蝕，因而頗適用為金屬材料的淬火油、切削油。
實施例
其次，利用實施例、比較例針對本發明進行更詳細說明，惟本發明並不會因該等例子而受任何限制。
[實施例1~13、比較例1~8]
如表1所示，將各種添加劑(無機酸鹽等)溶解於離子交換水中而調製水系冷卻劑，作為試料液。添加劑的濃度在無特別聲明之前提下，均設為以試料液基準計10質量%。實施例12、13有追加剛好表1所記載量的碳酸氫鈉。
各試料液保持於50℃中，根據JIS K2242B法施行冷卻試驗，並測定特性秒數。具體而言，測定冷卻曲線中到達結束蒸氣膜階段為止的溫度(特性溫度)時之時間(秒數)。結果如表1所示。另外，表1中亦合併記載各種水溶液的pH。
[評價結果]
由表1的結果得知，本發明的水系冷卻劑係預定無機酸鹽的水溶液，因而均屬於特性秒數非常短、極高冷卻性能。且，因為沒有如鹵素之類的腐蝕性因子，因而不會有對金屬材料發生腐蝕的可能性。所以，可理解對金屬材料的淬火與切削均極有效。
一般而言，水係若液溫達30℃以上，冷卻性便會急遽下降，導致無法淬火。本發明的水系冷卻劑係即便50℃的液溫仍能發揮優異的冷卻性能，此乃值得一提的重點。
相對於此，完全沒有添加本發明預定無機酸鹽的比較例1之離子交換水，冷卻性能不足。又，即便有添加無機酸的鹽，但卻是與本發明無機酸鹽屬不同的鹽、或即便有添加有機酸的鹽，但仍無法提升冷卻性能。又，比較例7、8的添加劑因為具有鹵素，因而雖冷卻性能較高，但卻會有腐蝕性的問題。

Claims (6)

  1. 一種水系冷卻劑，其特徵在於係摻合磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽、亞硫酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鉬酸鹽、鎢酸鹽、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽及倍半碳酸鹽之任一種以上的無機酸鹽而構成。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水系冷卻劑，其中前述無機酸鹽係無機酸的金屬鹽。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之水系冷卻劑，其中前述無機酸鹽係鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、及鎂鹽之至少任一者。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水系冷卻劑，其係以該冷卻劑全量基準計，前述無機酸鹽的摻合量為1質量%以上且20質量%以下。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水系冷卻劑，其中前述磷酸鹽係正磷酸鹽、磷酸氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、多磷酸鹽及偏磷酸鹽中至少任一者。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之水系冷卻劑，其係淬火油或切削油。
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