TW201313791A - 薄膜及其製造方法 - Google Patents
薄膜及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201313791A TW201313791A TW101122548A TW101122548A TW201313791A TW 201313791 A TW201313791 A TW 201313791A TW 101122548 A TW101122548 A TW 101122548A TW 101122548 A TW101122548 A TW 101122548A TW 201313791 A TW201313791 A TW 201313791A
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- triethanolamine
- layer
- polyvinyl alcohol
- titanium
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
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- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005562 Glyphosate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VRPTUQRYKMBCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ti+2].C(C)(=O)CC(C(=O)[O-])=O.C(C)(=O)CC(C(=O)[O-])=O Chemical compound [Ti+2].C(C)(=O)CC(C(=O)[O-])=O.C(C)(=O)CC(C(=O)[O-])=O VRPTUQRYKMBCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZRSKSQHEOZFGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium adipate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O ZRSKSQHEOZFGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019293 ammonium adipate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000420 anogeissus latifolia wall. gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQTYQCAVOMQEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;trihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1 MQTYQCAVOMQEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDOLIXTFBPILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O AZDOLIXTFBPILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCN YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940097068 glyphosate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019314 gum ghatti Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種薄膜,其包括:多孔基底薄膜;包括多元醇及金屬有機化合物之多元醇層;及夾在該多孔基底薄膜與該多元醇層之間之聚醯胺膜層。本發明亦闡述製造該薄膜之方法。
Description
本發明係關於薄膜及薄膜製造方法。
已知眾多種薄膜可用於純化包括溶質之流體,例如廢水處理及天然水純化。日本專利申請公開案第2010-188282號係關於包括支持板之薄膜及包括藉由有機鈦交聯之聚乙烯醇且在支持板上形成之聚合物膜。日本專利申請公開案第2010-188282號之薄膜具有鬆散之相對較大之孔且因此在許多應用環境中不合意。
另一種薄膜係藉由在多孔基底薄膜表面上實施存於水不混溶有機溶劑中之聚醯氯與存於水溶液中之聚胺之界面聚合製備。所得聚醯胺以薄膜形式沈積於多孔基底薄膜之一表面上。該等薄膜因其密度而在許多應用環境中比日本專利申請公開案第2010-188282號之薄膜更合意,且因在薄膜結構中存在至少兩層(即多孔基底薄膜及以界面方式製備之聚醯胺膜層)而通常稱作複合薄膜。
為改良複合薄膜之性能,在以界面方式製備之聚醯胺膜層上塗覆諸如聚乙烯醇等多元醇且藉由多種交聯材料交聯。儘管複合薄膜技術之許多最新進展具有技術優勢,但由於世界供水需求不斷增長,故仍在尋求改良。
業內需要新穎薄膜組合物及可提供具有優異性能特徵之薄膜之方法。
在一態樣中,本發明係關於薄膜,其包括:多孔基底薄膜、包括多元醇及金屬有機化合物之多元醇層;及夾在多孔基底薄膜與多元醇層之間之聚醯胺膜層。
在另一態樣中,本發明係關於製造薄膜之方法,其包括:提供多孔基底薄膜;藉由界面聚合在多孔基底薄膜上提供聚醯胺膜層;及在聚醯胺膜層上塗覆多元醇層,該多元醇層包括多元醇及金屬有機化合物。
如本文在整個說明書及申請專利範圍中所用之近似性語言可適於修飾任何數量表述,該數量表述可在容許範圍內變化而不改變其相關基礎功能。因此,藉由諸如「約」等術語修飾之值不限於所指定準確值。在一些情形中,近似性語言可對應於量測該值之儀器之精度。此外,如本文所用後綴「(s)」通常意欲包含其修飾之術語之單數及複數二者,由此包含一或多個該術語。
本文所列舉之任何數值範圍包含自較低值至較高值以一個單位增加之全部數值,條件係任一較低值與任一較高值之間相隔至少2個單位。舉例來說,若闡述組份之量或製程變量(例如,溫度、壓力、時間及諸如此類)之值為(例如)1至90、20至80或30至70,則是將諸如15至85、22至68、43至51、30至32等值均明確地列舉於此說明書中。對於小於1之值而言,適當的將一個單位定為0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。該等值僅係明確期望之實例,然在所列舉最低值與最高值之間之數值之所有可能組合均視為同
樣明確地闡述於此申請案中。
本發明之實施例之薄膜可係用於處理廢水、海水、半咸水等之逆滲透薄膜。在本發明之一些實施例中,多孔基底薄膜包括以下中之至少一者:聚碸、聚醚碸、聚酯、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚醯亞胺、聚醚醯亞胺、聚醚酮、纖維素、乙醯纖維素、硝酸纖維素及聚醚醚酮。
多孔基底薄膜通常經組態為具有兩個表面之膜。多孔基底薄膜之厚度可變化,但應足以提供可耐受存在於流體純化裝置或水處理裝置中之操作條件之複合薄膜。在一些實施例中,多孔基底薄膜具有在約10微米至約500微米範圍內之厚度。在一些實施例中,多孔基底薄膜具有在約20微米至約250微米範圍內之厚度。在一些實施例中,多孔基底薄膜具有在約40微米至約100微米範圍內之厚度。
聚醯胺膜層可在多孔基底薄膜之兩表面中之一上形成,從而獲得具有經聚醯胺塗覆之表面及未處理表面之複合薄膜。聚醯胺膜層使水選擇性的穿越複合薄膜,同時抑制溶質物質穿越該複合薄膜,因此複合薄膜中佈置有聚醯胺之表面通常稱作複合薄膜之「主動」表面。照此類推,多孔基底薄膜之未處理表面保持原始基底薄膜之輸送特徵且通常稱作複合薄膜之「被動」表面。
聚醯胺膜層係聚胺與多官能基芳香族醯鹵及多官能基脂環族醯鹵中之至少一者之界面聚合產物。
多官能基芳香族醯鹵及多官能基脂環族醯鹵之實例可係
聚醯氯。適宜聚醯氯包含(但不限於)苯三醯氯、對苯二醯氯、間苯二醯氯、苯三甲醯氯、琥珀酸二醯氯、戊二酸二醯氯、己二酸二醯氯、反式環己烷-1,4-二甲酸二醯氯、順式-環己烷-1,4-二甲酸二醯氯、坎普三酸(Kemp's triacid)之三醯氯及包括該等聚醯氯中之二者或更多者之混合物。
適宜聚胺包含(但不限於)正苯二胺、對苯二胺(ppd)、間苯二胺(mpd)、4,4'-二胺基聯苯、乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,6-己二胺、1,10-癸二胺、4,4'-二胺基二苯基碸、1,3,5-三胺基苯、哌嗪、順式-1,3,5-環己烷三胺及包括該等聚胺中之二者或更多者之混合物。
鑒於多孔基底薄膜之多孔性質,聚醯胺可穿透多孔基底薄膜之內部體積之至少一部分且不一定嚴格侷限於多孔基底薄膜之表面。在複合薄膜係藉由使多孔基底薄膜之一個表面與實現聚胺與聚醯鹵之界面聚合所需水性及有機溶液接觸來製備之實施例中尤其如此。界面聚合區域可包含多孔基底薄膜之內部體積之至少一部分。
將多元醇層塗覆在聚醯胺膜層上。在本發明之上下文中,「多元醇」意指含有具有羥基官能基之重複單元之聚合物。多元醇可具有在約500至約500000範圍內之重量平均分子量。例示性多元醇包含(但不限於)纖維素、澱粉、糊精、焦糊精、海藻酸鹽、肝糖、菊糖、叉紅藻膠(furcellaran)、瓊脂、角叉菜膠、微生物膠、刺槐豆膠(locust bean gum)、褐藻糖膠(fucoidan)、瓜爾膠(guar)、昆布糖(laminaran)、阿拉伯樹膠(gum arabic)、甘地膠
(ghatti gum)、刺梧桐樹膠(karaya gum)、黃蓍膠(tragacanth gum)、秋葵膠(okra gum)、羅望子膠(tamarind gum)、黃原膠(xanthan)、硬葡聚糖(scleroglucan)、跳蚤車前膠(psyllium gum)、果膠、葡聚糖、甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、幾丁質羧甲基纖維素、聚乙烯醇及幾丁聚糖。
本文提及之「金屬有機化合物」可係含有金屬及有機配體但缺乏直接金屬-碳鍵結之任何化合物,其可用作多元醇之交聯劑。金屬有機化合物之典型實例係金屬乙醯丙酮酸鹽及金屬醇鹽。金屬有機化合物可溶於水中或其他水可混溶之溶劑。金屬有機化合物之具體實例包含(但不限於)可以Tyzor®購得之有機鈦酸酯及鋯酸酯,例如二羥基二銨合鈦(IV)(C6H18N2O8Ti,CAS編號:65104-06-5)、四(三乙醇胺)鋯(IV)([(HOCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2O]4Zr,CAS編號:101033-44-7)、雙(三乙醇胺)二異丙醇鈦(C18H42N2O8Ti,CAS編號:36673-16-2)、三乙醇胺正鈦酸酯(C6H13NO4Ti,CAS編號:10442-11-2)、乳酸鋯(C12H20O12Zr,CAS編號:60676-90-6)、二異丙醇二(乙醯丙酮酸)鈦(C16H28O6Ti,CAS編號:17927-72-9)、二異丙氧基-雙乙基乙醯乙酸鈦酸酯(C18H32O8Ti,CAS編號:27858-32-8)、鋯酸四丁酯(Zr(OC4H9)4,CAS編號:1071-76-7)、鋯酸四丙酯(Zr(OCH2CH2CH3)4,CAS編號:23519-77-9)及(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)(C9H19NO3Ti,CAS編號:74665-17-1)。在一些實施例中,金屬有機化合物可係烷氧基鈦酸酯及烷氧基鋯
酸酯中之至少一者。
在一些實施例中,多元醇係聚乙烯醇,且金屬有機化合物係(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)。在一些實施例中,(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇之羥基之莫耳比在大於0至約2:1、約1.6:100至約16:100或約8:100至約16:100範圍內。在一些實施例中,(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇之羥基之莫耳比係約8:100或約16:100。
多元醇層之製備通常係在約0℃至約100℃範圍內之溫度下實施。在一些實施例中,多元醇層之製備係在約5℃至約90℃範圍內之溫度下實施。在一些實施例中,多元醇層之製備係在約10℃至約80℃範圍內之溫度下實施。
本發明包含以下實例以為彼等熟習此項技術者在實踐所主張發明時提供額外指導。因此,此等實例非限制由隨附申請專利範圍所界定之本發明。
薄膜係藉由間苯二胺與苯三甲醯氯在微孔聚碸多孔基底薄膜上之界面聚合來製備且將其充分洗滌並乾燥。
將多個薄膜樣品分別在去離子水中浸泡過夜,之後將其在5 wt%甘油溶液中浸沒4分鐘。藉由氣刀在8秒內移除過量甘油。將包括單獨之或與不同比率之(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)溶液(購自Sigma-Aldrich公司,St.Louis,MO,USA,cas:74665-17-1)、乙二醛(購自Sinopharm Chemical Reagent有限公司,Shanghai,China,cas:107-22-2)或碳酸銨鋯(購自Sigma-Aldrich公司,St.Louis,MO,USA,cas:
12616-24-9)組合之0.5 wt%或1 wt% PVA(購自Sigma-Aldrich公司,St.Louis,MO,USA,cas:9002-89-5,Mw:146,000~186,000,水解度:99%)之溶液浸塗於薄膜表面上且保持15秒。當使用乙二醛時,用檸檬酸將塗覆溶液之pH值預調節至約3。藉由氣刀在8秒內移除過量溶液。之後,在100℃烘箱中將薄膜乾燥2分鐘。由此,形成均勻塗覆之膜。
使用2000 ppm氯化鈉水溶液在225 psi之壓力下分別評價薄膜樣品在不同塗層前及不同塗層後之通量及去除率。1小時後收集數據並顯示於下表1中。通量(g/(s-cm2-atm)×100000)計算如下:透過質量/(時間×薄膜面積×淨驅動壓力)×100000,且表1中之去除率計算如下:(1-(透過傳導)/(進料傳導))×100%。
自上表1可見,當增加不同交聯劑與PVA(或PVA之OH基團)之比率時,僅經(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)交聯之PVA塗覆之薄膜樣品之通量始終增加,而經使用其他兩種交聯劑(碳酸銨鋯及乙二醛)交聯之PVA塗覆之薄膜樣品之通量大多減少。
此書面說明使用實例揭示本發明(包含最佳模式),且亦使熟習此項技術者能夠實踐本發明,包含製造及使用任何裝置或系統及實施納入之任何方法。本發明之專利性範疇係由申請專利範圍來界定,且可包含彼等熟習此項技術者構想出之其他實例。若該等其他實例具有與申請專利範圍之字面語言無差異之結構要素,或若其包含與申請專利範圍之字面語言具有非實質性差異之等效結構要素,則該等其他實例意欲涵蓋於申請專利範圍之範疇內。
Claims (20)
- 一種薄膜,其包括:多孔基底薄膜;包括多元醇及金屬有機化合物之多元醇層;及夾在該多孔基底薄膜與該多元醇層之間之聚醯胺膜層。
- 如請求項1之薄膜,其中該多元醇層包括以下中之至少一者:纖維素、澱粉、糊精、焦糊精、海藻酸鹽、肝糖、菊糖、叉紅藻膠(furcellaran)、瓊脂、角叉菜膠、微生物膠、刺槐豆膠(locust bean gum)、褐藻糖膠(fucoidan)、瓜爾膠(guar)、昆布糖(laminaran)、阿拉伯樹膠(gum arabic)、甘地膠(ghatti gum)、刺梧桐樹膠(karaya gum)、黃蓍膠(tragacanth gum)、秋葵膠(okra gum)、羅望子膠(tamarind gum)、黃原膠(xanthan)、硬葡聚糖(scleroglucan)、跳蚤車前膠(psyllium gum)、果膠、葡聚糖、甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、幾丁質羧甲基纖維素、聚乙烯醇及幾丁聚糖。
- 如請求項1之薄膜,其中該金屬有機化合物包括以下中之至少一者:二羥基二銨合鈦(IV)(C6H18N2O8Ti,CAS編號:65104-06-5)、四(三乙醇胺)鋯(IV)([(HOCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2O]4Zr,CAS編號:101033-44-7)、雙(三乙醇胺)二異丙醇鈦(C18H42N2O8Ti,CAS編號:36673-16-2)、三乙醇胺正鈦酸酯(C6H13NO4Ti,CAS編號:10442-11- 2)、乳酸鋯(C12H20O12Zr,CAS編號:60676-90-6)、二異丙醇二(乙醯丙酮酸)鈦(C16H28O6Ti,CAS編號:17927-72-9)、二異丙氧基-雙乙基乙醯乙酸鈦酸酯(C18H32O8Ti,CAS編號:27858-32-8)、鋯酸四丁酯(Zr(OC4H9)4,CAS編號:1071-76-7)、鋯酸四丙酯(Zr(OCH2CH2CH3)4,CAS編號:23519-77-9)及(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)(C9H19NO3Ti,CAS編號:74665-17-1)。
- 如請求項1之薄膜,其中該金屬有機化合物係烷氧基鈦酸酯及烷氧基鋯酸酯中之至少一者。
- 如請求項1之薄膜,其中該多孔基底薄膜包括以下中之至少一者:聚碸、聚醚碸、聚酯、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚醯亞胺、聚醚醯亞胺、聚醚酮、纖維素、乙醯纖維素、硝酸纖維素及聚醚醚酮。
- 如請求項1之薄膜,其中該聚醯胺膜層係多官能基芳香族胺與多官能基芳香族醯鹵及多官能基脂環族醯鹵中之至少一者之界面聚合產物。
- 如請求項1之薄膜,其中該多元醇層包括藉由(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)交聯之聚乙烯醇。
- 如請求項7之薄膜,其中(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇中羥基之莫耳比在大於0至約2:1之範圍內。
- 如請求項7之薄膜,其中(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇中羥基之莫耳比在約1.6:100至約16:100之範圍內。
- 如請求項7之薄膜,其中(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇中羥基之莫耳比在約8:100至約16:100之範圍內。
- 如請求項7之薄膜,其中(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇中羥基之莫耳比係約8:100。
- 如請求項7之薄膜,其中(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇中羥基之莫耳比係約16:100。
- 一種製造薄膜之方法,其包括:提供多孔基底薄膜;藉由界面聚合在該多孔基底薄膜上提供聚醯胺膜層;及在該聚醯胺膜層上塗覆多元醇層,該多元醇層包括多元醇及金屬有機化合物。
- 如請求項13之方法,其中該多孔基底薄膜包括以下中之至少一者:聚碸、聚醚碸、聚酯、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚醯亞胺、聚醚醯亞胺、聚醚酮、纖維素、乙醯纖維素、硝酸纖維素及聚醚醚酮,且其中該聚醯胺膜層係多官能基芳香族胺與多官能基芳香族醯鹵及多官能基脂環族醯鹵中之至少一者之界面聚合產物。
- 如請求項13之方法,其進一步包括:在塗覆該多元醇層之前及在提供該聚醯胺層之後使該薄膜與甘油接觸。
- 如請求項13之方法,其中該多元醇層包括藉由有機鈦酸酯交聯之聚乙烯醇。
- 如請求項16之方法,其中該有機鈦酸酯係烷氧基鈦酸 酯。
- 如請求項16之方法,其中該有機鈦酸酯係(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇中羥基之莫耳比在大於0至約2:1之範圍內。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中(三乙醇胺)異丙醇鈦(IV)與聚乙烯醇中羥基之莫耳比係約8:100或16:100。
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JP2010188282A (ja) * | 2009-02-18 | 2010-09-02 | Toshiba Corp | ポリビニルアルコール系重合体膜を用いた逆浸透膜およびその製造方法 |
CN102325852B (zh) * | 2009-02-20 | 2014-03-26 | Lg化学株式会社 | 改性聚乙烯醇树脂以及包含该树脂的粘合剂、偏光片和显示器件 |
EP2473259B1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2014-02-26 | Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek NV (VITO NV) | Filter membrane with supporting frame and method of production |
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2011
- 2011-06-22 CN CN201611000042.0A patent/CN107081074A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-22 CN CN2011101689408A patent/CN102836641A/zh active Pending
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2012
- 2012-06-14 SG SG10201604332XA patent/SG10201604332XA/en unknown
- 2012-06-14 CA CA2838316A patent/CA2838316A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-14 WO PCT/US2012/042339 patent/WO2012177465A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-06-14 US US14/126,719 patent/US20150083657A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-14 AU AU2012273299A patent/AU2012273299B2/en active Active
- 2012-06-14 EP EP12730320.4A patent/EP2723480A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-14 KR KR1020137033770A patent/KR102003572B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-06-14 JP JP2014517026A patent/JP6252868B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-22 TW TW101122548A patent/TWI619750B/zh active
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2017
- 2017-09-21 JP JP2017180777A patent/JP2018027539A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2012273299A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
CN107081074A (zh) | 2017-08-22 |
KR102003572B1 (ko) | 2019-07-24 |
US20150083657A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
JP2014524828A (ja) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2723480A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
TWI619750B (zh) | 2018-04-01 |
CN102836641A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
KR20140042818A (ko) | 2014-04-07 |
AU2012273299B2 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
CA2838316A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
SG10201604332XA (en) | 2016-07-28 |
JP6252868B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
JP2018027539A (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
WO2012177465A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
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