TW201300370A - 魯比前列酮(lubiprostone)之製備方法 - Google Patents
魯比前列酮(lubiprostone)之製備方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201300370A TW201300370A TW100137529A TW100137529A TW201300370A TW 201300370 A TW201300370 A TW 201300370A TW 100137529 A TW100137529 A TW 100137529A TW 100137529 A TW100137529 A TW 100137529A TW 201300370 A TW201300370 A TW 201300370A
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- lubiprostone
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- WGFOBBZOWHGYQH-MXHNKVEKSA-N lubiprostone Chemical compound O1[C@](C(F)(F)CCCC)(O)CC[C@@H]2[C@@H](CCCCCCC(O)=O)C(=O)C[C@H]21 WGFOBBZOWHGYQH-MXHNKVEKSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229960000345 lubiprostone Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 isopropyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- BZKFMUIJRXWWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentenone Chemical compound O=C1CCC=C1 BZKFMUIJRXWWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000349731 Afzelia bipindensis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[CH3-] IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- KPSZWAJWFMFMFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hept-5-enoic acid Chemical compound CC=CCCCC(O)=O KPSZWAJWFMFMFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- RMQUEHVMCJEEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C RMQUEHVMCJEEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims 12
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 4
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- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N stannane Chemical class [SnH4] KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000083 tin tetrahydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UPCQIHXVTDLYHC-AATRIKPKSA-N (e)-4,4-difluorooct-5-en-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound CC\C=C\C(F)(F)C(O)C#C UPCQIHXVTDLYHC-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QRVKRRTZDRXBHK-HWKANZROSA-N (e)-4,4-difluorooct-6-en-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\CC(F)(F)C(O)C#C QRVKRRTZDRXBHK-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PEOXMEOKEJWHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-difluorooct-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(F)(F)C(O)C#C PEOXMEOKEJWHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005358 mercaptoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 58
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 36
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 35
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
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- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AQOKCDNYWBIDND-FTOWTWDKSA-N bimatoprost Chemical compound CCNC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1\C=C\[C@@H](O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 AQOKCDNYWBIDND-FTOWTWDKSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoac etoac Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCOC(C)=O OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XJXNEUMHCXKVRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1E)-4,4-difluoro-1-tributylstannylocta-1,5-dien-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)\C=C\C(O)C(F)(F)C=CCC XJXNEUMHCXKVRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JUULNHXDBNQJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)hexanoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OC(CCC)C(F)(F)C(=O)OCC JUULNHXDBNQJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUOZKBCLQMTSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(F)(F)C(=O)OCC NUOZKBCLQMTSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZHFCFVURUPARR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-difluorohex-3-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)C=CCC UZHFCFVURUPARR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTUTXYBGTIFZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-difluorohexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(F)(F)C(=O)OCC XTUTXYBGTIFZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRSJDVYTJUCXRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)Br IRSJDVYTJUCXRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004083 gastrointestinal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127227 gastrointestinal drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WGJJROVFWIXTPA-OALUTQOASA-N prostanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[C@H]1CCC[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(O)=O WGJJROVFWIXTPA-OALUTQOASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylacetylene Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#C CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PGOLTJPQCISRTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyllithium Chemical class [Li]C=C PGOLTJPQCISRTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明提供製造及純化魯比前列酮(lubiprostone)之方法。
Description
本發明提供一種製造魯比前列酮之高效合成方法。
魯比前列酮,7-[(1R,3R,6R,7R)-3-(1,1-二氟戊基)-3-羥基-8-側氧基-2-氧雜雙環[4.3.0]壬-7-基]庚酸,為藥品Amitiza之有效醫藥成份(API;原料藥),Amitiza為用於治療成人慢性特發性便秘之腸胃病藥。Amitiza由Sucampo Pharmaceuticals公司銷售,且於2006年1月31日經美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)批准。其亦於2008年4月29日經FDA批准用於治療18歲及以上成年女性便秘型大腸急躁症(ISB-C)。Amitiza亦經臨床測試以用於其他胃腸病症。魯比前列酮為一種雙環13,14-二氫-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1衍生物(也稱為所謂的13,14-二氫-15-酮基-前列腺素衍生物)。前列腺素具有前列腺烷酸骨架,其為C20脂肪酸。
前列腺素命名法
在C15處存在之缺電子酮連同在C11處適宜地定位之羥基導致魯比前列酮主要以包括6員半縮酮環的雙環形式存在。該形式與單環形式平衡存在(流程1)。總之,該兩個形式稱為互變異構體。在糖化學中,該種環狀形式與非環狀形式之平衡稱為環-鏈互變異構作用(R-CT)。1在D2O中,雙環形式相對於單環形式之比率為6:1,而在CDCl3中該比率為96:4。2儘管存在此互變異構作用且雙環半縮酮形式佔有優勢,但魯比前列酮仍稱為15-酮基-前列腺素E1衍生物。根據US2010056808A1,所報導之兩種魯比前列酮的結晶多晶型物以固態雙環形式存在。
流程1-魯比前列酮之「環-鏈互變異構體」形式
E. J. Corey3在60年代後期發明了一種具有廣泛通用性之合成前列腺素及類似物的早期方法,且其可能為工業上最常使用之策略。迄今為止,除目前主張之方法外,其為已被揭示用於魯比前列酮合成之唯一方法。該方法稱為「Corey方法」。自身需要許多合成步驟之Corey內酯醛(也稱為Corey醛)4為Corey方法之核心且已於適當位置含有所有三個PGE1立體化學中心(諸如在魯比前列酮中所需者),且藉由Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons反應(或HWE反應)及維蒂希反應(Wittig reaction)(流程2)相繼添加ω-與α-側鏈。在Corey方法中,α-與ω-側鏈之添加順序可互換。
流程2-用於前列腺素合成之「Corey方法」
1 根據http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautomer,ring-chain tautomerisation「occurs when the movement of the proton is accompanied by a change from an open structure to a ring,such as the open chain and pyran forms of glucose.」
2 US 7,355,064 B2.
3 J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1969,91,5675-5676.
4 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1991,30,455-465.
吾等之公司先前已開發出前列腺素類似物曲伏前列素(travoprost)與比馬前列素(bimatoprost)之全合成。該等合成途徑及其方法已於2009年公開於專利申請案US 20090259058A1及WO 2009141718A2中。曲伏前列素及比馬前列素合成中之最終步驟顯示於流程3中,且以高階銅酸鹽(由化合物(2A)或(2B)形成)與環戊烯酮(1)(一種分歧性常見中間體)之關鍵的1,4-共軛加成反應(也稱為邁克爾加成(Michael addition))為中心,以提供PGE2化合物(3A)或(3B)。其後,藉由立體選擇性C9酮還原而將兩種PGE2轉化為PGF2α化合物(4A)或(4B)。隨後脫除兩個TBS保護基(對C11-OTBS及C15-OTBS進行)以提供曲伏前列素,或比馬前列素之異丙酯類似物,即化合物(5)。藉由酯與醯胺交換而將異丙酯轉化為比馬前列素。
對於本發明之主題魯比前列酮,吾等已利用一種不同的合成途徑,因為其API結構與比馬前列素及曲伏前列素之API結構顯著不同,然而,仍類似地將關鍵中間體化合物(1)用於銅酸鹽化合物之1,4-共軛加成。因此,吾等已具有製造方法之分歧性中間體(1)仍可用於魯比前列酮合成。
流程3-使用吾等之前列腺素平台技術(US 20090259058A1及WO 2009141718A2)的曲伏前列素及比馬前列素合成中之最終步驟。
吾等的魯比前列酮之較佳合成顯示於流程4。吾等建議甲矽烷基保護基可選自一系列類似物,但較佳為TBS。α-側鏈可在C5與C6之間具有雙鍵,且其可為順式-或反式-或順式-與反式-之混合物,或C5至C6可為飽和的。C17至C18至C19鍵可全部為C-C單鍵,或可含有一個雙鍵與一個單鍵。C17至C18或C18至C19之間存在雙鍵僅為II之合成的人為結果。C15之立體化學組態可為(R)-或(S)-且可為混合物。苄基保護基可為未經取代的(亦即R14=H)或經取代的(亦即R14=4-MeO、2,4-DiMeO等)。R13可為任何允許銅酸鹽III有效地將其乙烯基轉化為環戊烯酮I,但其自身不與環戊烯酮I反應之取代基或取代基組合。R13較佳選自氰基、甲基及噻吩基及此等基團與鋰相對離子之組合之群。可想而知,亦可使用其他有機銅試劑。銅酸鹽III與環戊烯酮I之1,4-共軛加成(步驟1c)後,在氫氣氛圍中使用金屬催化劑(較佳為Pd)移除化合物IV之全部雙鍵(C13、C14及其他任何雙鍵(若存在),諸如C5與C6、C17與C18及C18與C19之間)以及苄基或經取代苄基(步驟2)。其後,使用任何適合之試劑將化合物V之C15醇氧化為酮,但該試劑較佳為不會用金屬殘餘物污染產物者(例如Pfitzner-Moffatt型氧化試劑)。藉由以下步驟將魯比前列酮之雙重保護形式15-酮基前列腺素VI轉化為魯比前列酮:進行異丙酯水解以提供化合物VII(步驟4i),該水解較佳藉助於酶實現,隨後使用酸條件或氟化物試劑進行脫甲矽烷基作用以提供魯比前列酮之異丙酯(步驟5i);或使用酸條件或氟化物試劑進行脫甲矽烷基作用(步驟4ii),隨後進行異丙酯水解(步驟 5ii),該水解較佳藉助於酶實現。
酯VIII之R11可為烷基、苄基、芳基,但較佳為甲基與乙基。R4、R5、R6可為烷基、芳基中之任一者,但較佳俱為甲基。R7為H或BnR14。R15為SnR8R9R10、Br、I、ZrCp2Me,但較佳為SnR3R9R10。R8、R9、R10可為烷基、芳基中之任一者,但較佳俱為正丁基。R13為無、Li(CN)、Li2(CN)Me、Li2(CN)2-噻吩基、Li(CH=CHCH(OBnR14)CF2CHnCHmCHoCH3)(n、m及o為1或2,使得C17直至C19完全飽和或C17直至C19含有一個單鍵及一個雙鍵或三鍵)、Li2(CN)(CH=CHCH(OBnR14)CF2CHnCHmCHoCH3)(n、m及o為1或2,使得C17直至C19完全飽和或C17直至C19含有一個單鍵及一個雙鍵或三鍵),但較佳為Li2(CN)Me或Li2(CN)2-噻吩基。
之前未報導的本發明之關鍵態樣包括使用1,4-共軛加成作為關鍵步驟以在一個單一步驟中由環戊烯酮I與高階銅酸鹽III形成魯比前列酮之前列腺素骨架。其後,有效利用氫化/氫解以移除IV的所有雙鍵(其為IV合成之人為結果),以及同時移除C15-O保護基,以提供V。合成中之另一個關鍵態樣為使用酶移除酯保護基。此為較佳的,因為使用酸性或鹼性水性條件水解異丙酯會導致敏感性15-酮基PGE結構發生分解,且由於亦可移除甲矽烷基保護基而不正交,從而無法實現合成控制。最終的兩個步驟為脫除保護基之步驟,其可以任一順序進行。
當然,在本發明之合成途徑之後,可在魯比前列酮之合成中使用其他酯類似物(例如甲酯、乙酯、丙酯等),然而,較佳為異丙酯。
流程4-魯比前列酮之較佳合成方法之概述(編號顯示反映可見於魯比前列酮中之原子數目)
因此,本發明涵蓋魯比前列酮之新穎合成途徑(流程5),其涉及高階銅酸鹽化合物Cu-IM7(由IM7當場製備)之1,4-共軛加成作為關鍵步驟,以獲得經保護之環戊烯酮(1)。吾等亦提供IM7(流程7)及IM7b(流程8)(及4-甲氧基苄基衍生物IM7i與IM7bi)之合成途徑,IM7及IM7b為魯比前列酮ω-側鏈之起始物質。不同於所有吾等瞭解之合成魯比前列酮的先前技術,吾等已利用基於矽之保護基來保護最終成為魯比前列酮中C11-O之醇。據吾等所知,所有已揭示之其他先前技術方法均揭示使用基於碳之保護基,諸如THP。又,不同於所有吾等瞭解之其他先前技術方法,吾等使用與所有其他先前技術方法中所用的Corey方法大大不同之1,4-共軛加成方法來製備魯比前列酮。其亦使吾等之方法與所有其他方法相區別。
下文詳細討論合成途徑。
步驟1:第一步驟涉及高階銅酸鹽Cu-IM7與關鍵分歧性中間體(1)之1,4-共軛加成(步驟1c)以提供PGE2產物(7)。在該步驟中高階銅酸鹽Cu-IM7係藉由以下步驟當場製備(步驟1a):IM7與MeLi逐步反應以形成乙烯基鋰衍生物Li-IM7,接著藉由與當場製備之銅酸鹽(MeCu(CN)Li)反應(亦參見流程6)而轉化為高階銅酸鹽Cu-IM7(步驟1b)。THF較佳作為該反應步驟之主要溶劑且反應在低溫(較佳低於-30℃)下進行。
除用以保護C15-OH(亦即IM7之C3-OH)的苄基保護基之外,亦測試對甲氧基苄基(也稱為4-甲氧基苄)作為保護基。因此,亦使用對甲氧基苄基衍生物,藉由高階銅酸鹽Cu-IM7i(由對甲氧基苄基IM7類似物IM7i製備)與化合物(1)進行1,4-共軛加成以提供產物對甲氧基苄基醚(7i)來測試步驟1。
步驟2:吾等在氫氣氛圍中,在有機溶劑中使用承載於碳上之鈀催化劑來進行整體氫化/氫解,其移除所有三個雙鍵(C5-C6、C13-C14及C17-C18)及苄基保護基(或當使用化合物(7i)時,為對甲氧基苄基),同時提供化合物(8)。儘管EtOAc為較佳溶劑,但亦可使用包括EtOH之其他溶劑。酸催化劑(諸如p-TsOH)亦可用於該反應。
步驟3:使用Swern氧化方法(亦即(COCl)2與DMSO)氧化C15-OH以提供二酮(9)。亦可使用其他氧化劑,包括吡啶三氧化硫複合物/DMSO。
步驟4i:在一系列反應條件下可催化酯水解之一系列酶(包括脂肪酶PS IM、脂肪酶PS SD、PPL、PS IM)被發現能夠水解化合物(9)之異丙酯以提供其羧酸形式(10)。可使用一大系列之有機溶劑,包括丙酮、乙二醇、甘油、DMSO。通常,水解反應在高溫(例如30℃至60℃之間)下且在適當的pH值範圍內進行。當丙酮用作在高溫下與水性緩衝液結合之有機溶劑時,市售之脂肪酶PS SD為較佳的。
步驟5i:藉由使用於有機溶劑中之無機或有機酸(諸如H2SO4、HCl、TFA)或氟化物試劑(包括TBAF及HF水溶液)脫除化合物(10)之C11-OTBS之TBS保護基來製備魯比前列酮。於MeCN中之H2SO4為較佳。
或者,最後兩個步驟(亦即步驟4i及步驟5i)可以相反次序進行,於步驟4ii中脫除TBS保護基(使用酸或氟化物試劑),接著於步驟5ii中進行酯水解(使用於水性緩衝液/有機溶劑中之酯水解酶)。
魯比前列酮可藉由與鹼(包括含氮鹼,例如胍)反應而轉化為鹽衍生物。與魯比前列酮相比,該等鹽可具有不同之熔點及溶解度,由此可提供純化魯比前列酮之替代性方法。吾等提供形成魯比前列酮之胍鹽的簡單方法。
流程5-魯比前列酮之合成
藉由高階銅酸鹽(Cu-IM7、Cu-IM7b、Cu-IM7i或Cu-IM7bi)與化合物(1)之1,4-共軛加成以形成PGE2化合物來製備魯比前列酮。如流程6中所示,高階銅酸鹽Cu-IM7(或Cu-IM7b、Cu-IM7i或Cu-IM7bi)係由反式-乙烯基錫烷IM7(或IM7i、IM7b或IM7bi)製備。甲基虛擬配位體(dummy ligand)可藉由於步驟1b中使用市售低階銅酸鹽2-噻吩基(氰基)銅鋰代替甲基(氰基)銅鋰(MeCu(CN)Li)而經2-噻吩基取代,以提供Th-Cu-IM7。
流程6-與化合物(1)之1,4-共軛加成中所要之必需高階銅酸鹽之合成
吾等使用如流程7中所示之方法來製備必需的反式-乙烯基錫烷IM7(或IM7i)。廉價及市售之SM1當場轉化為其有機鋅溴化物衍生物且與廉價及市售之丁醛反應以提供醇IM1。此較佳於THF中進行且添加路易斯酸(Lewis acid)可為有利的。藉由將IM1轉化為三氟甲磺酸酯IM2實現C3-氧之移除,接著用鹼(包括DBU)促進消除以提供IM3。IM3中雙鍵之存在並不重要,且可由IM3或者IM3b合成魯比前列酮(參見流程8)。其合成之後,將IM3轉化為醯基乙炔IM4,其於一鍋法中還原且脫甲矽烷基以提供炔丙醇IM5。因此,在自由基引發劑AIBN存在下用Bu3SnH處理IM5以提供De-Bn-IM7,其隨後在鹼性條件(例如NaH或t-BuONa,前者較佳)下用苄基溴進行O-保護以提供IM7。或者,可保護IM5之C3-OH且隨後錫烷化產物IM6以得到IM7。
流程7-該階銅酸鹽Cu-IM7所需要之IM7之合成
如上所述,IM3類似物2,2-二氟己酸乙酯(IM3b)為市售的。使用如流程7中所述之相同合成順序,將IM3b轉化為IM7b(流程8)。
流程8-該階銅酸鹽Cu-IM7b所需要之IM7b之合成
在N2下,在約25℃下向機械攪拌之鋅(108 g,1.66 mol)、正丁醛(100 g,1.39 mol)、CeCl3‧7H2O(10.14 g,0.027 mol)及無水THF(1.3 L)之混合物中添加2-溴-2,2-二氟乙酸乙酯(SM1,33.8 g,0.167 mol)。在約25℃下攪拌混合物直至已引發反應,隨後在無外部加熱的情況下在35℃下逐滴添加SM1(304 g,1.50 mol)。添加完成後,在20℃至35℃下攪拌混合物直至正丁醛少於2.0%。反應混合物隨後冷卻至約5℃且在約5℃下緩慢添加NH4Cl飽和水溶液(800 mL),且隨後用6 N HCl調節pH值至3.0。攪拌混合物15分鐘且隨後經矽藻土塞過濾;用MTBE(1 L)洗滌濾餅一次。隨後分離經合併的濾液且用MTBE(1 L)萃取水層一次。將合併的有機層用NaHCO3飽和水溶液(1 L)洗滌一次,用NH4Cl飽和水溶液(1 L)洗滌一次且隨後在<50℃下減壓濃縮得到281 g粗IM1,GC純度為80%。藉由真空蒸餾純化粗IM1以提供160 g IM1,GC純度為98%,GC總產率為58%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 4.36(q,J=7.1 Hz,2H),4.10-3.98(m,1H),1.68-1.58(m,2H),1.57-1.40(m,2H),1.37(t,J=7.1 Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.1 Hz,3H)。m/z(GC-MS): 197([MH]+,1),124(75),96(100),73(45),55(80)。
在0℃至15℃下在N2下向在0℃至5℃下機械攪拌之IM1(3 g,0.015 mol)與吡啶(1.42 g,0.018 mol)於無水DCM(6 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加Tf2O(4.53 g,0.016 mol)於無水DCM(3 mL)中之混合物。在5℃至15℃下攪拌混合物直至IM1少於2.0%。隨後添加水(9 mL)且分離產生的混合物。用DCM(9 mL)萃取水層一次,且合併的有機層用5% HCl水溶液(9 mL)洗滌一次、用NaHCO3飽和水溶液(9 mL)洗滌一次及用鹽水(9 mL)洗滌一次,且隨後在<45℃下減壓濃縮得到4.2 g粗IM2,GC純度為96%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): 1H NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3) δ 5.21(m,1H),4.40(q,J=7.2 Hz,2H),2.00-1.74(m,2H),1.70-1.43(m,2H),1.39(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H),1.00(t,J=7.3 Hz,3H)。m/z(GC-MS): 329([MH]+,1),151(20),124(15),106(70),77(100),69(45),55(55)。
向機械攪拌之燒瓶中添加於無水MTBE(900 mL)中之IM2(300 g,0.91 mol)與DBU(165 g,1.08 mol),在攪拌下加熱混合物至回流直至IM2少於3.0%。反應混合物隨後冷卻至0℃至10℃,接著添加5% HCl水溶液(900 mL)。分離所得溶液且用MTBE(900 mL)萃取水層一次。合併的有機層用NaHCO3飽和水溶液(900 mL)洗滌一次、用鹽水(900 mL)洗滌一次,用無水MgSO4乾燥且隨後在<45℃下減壓濃縮得到167 g粗IM3。藉由真空蒸餾純化粗IM3以得到125 g IM3,GC純度為85%,基於IM1之GC產率為66%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 6.33(dtt,J=11.5,6.2,2.6 Hz,1H),5.75-5.58(m,1H),4.32(q,J=7.1 Hz,2H),2.24-2.11(m,2H),1.35(t,J=7.1 Hz,3H),1.05(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H)。
m/z(GC-MS): 179([MH]+,4),106(65),77(100),55(20)。
在0℃至10℃下在N2下向在0℃至10℃下機械攪拌之TMS-乙炔化物(182 g,1.85 mol)於無水THF(880 L)中之溶液中逐滴添加n-BuLi溶液(2.5 mol/L,748 mL,1.87 mol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物1小時。在N2下向機械攪拌之燒瓶中添加於無水THF(220 mL)中之IM3(220 g,1.23 mol,1.0 eq.,92% GC純度)與BF3/Et2O(264 g,1.86 mol)。將溶液冷卻至-70℃至-78℃且隨後在-60℃至-78℃下在2小時內添加 TMS-乙炔-鋰溶液 。在-70℃至-78℃下攪拌反應溶液直至IM3消失。向反應中緩慢添加NH4Cl飽和水溶液(1.1 L),將溫度升溫至0℃至10℃。隨後用EtOAc(550 mL)萃取混合物一次且隨後分離;用EtOAc(550 mL)萃取水層一次。合併的有機層用水(660 mL)洗滌一次及用鹽水(660 mL)洗滌一次,且隨後在<55℃下減壓濃縮得到297 g粗IM4,GC純度為87%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): 1H NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3) δ 6.37(dtt,J=11.3,6.3,2.5 Hz,1H),5.69-5.52(m,1H),2.26-2.13(m,2H),1.06(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H),0.28(s,9H)。m/z(GC-MS): 231([MH]+,1),125(100),97(35),73(30)。
在0℃至-5℃下向IM4(321 g,1.4 mol)於MeOH(1.5 L)中之溶液中緩慢添加固體NaBH4(19.6 g,0.7 mol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應溶液直至IM4消耗殆盡。隨後添加固體NaOMe(37.7 g,0.7 mol)且在該溫度下攪拌反應溶液直至TMS-IM5消耗殆盡。添加NH4Cl飽和水溶液(1 L)及H2O(1 L)且隨後用6 M HCl調節混合物至pH 5-6,接著用MTBE(每次600 mL)萃取混合物三次。合併的有機層用水(600 mL)洗滌一次、用鹽水(600 mL)洗滌一次且隨後在<45℃下減壓濃縮得到224 g粗IM5,GC純度為87%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 6.32(dtd,J=10.8,6.1,2.3 Hz,1H),5.78-5.59(m,1H),4.57-4.46(m,1H),2.55(d,J=2.2 Hz,1H),2.26-2.12(m,2H),1.06(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H)。m/z(GC-MS): 159([M-H]+,1),105(5),77(100),55(30)。
在攪拌下向IM5(110 g,0.68 mol)於甲苯(550 mL)中之熱(70℃)溶液中添加Bu3SnH(219 g,0.75 mol)及AIBN(12.4 g,0.075 mol),在80℃至85℃下攪拌混合物直至IM5消耗殆盡。在<55℃下蒸發反應混合物得到338 g粗De-Bn-IM7。藉由管柱層析純化粗De-Bn-IM7以提供82.5 g之De-Bn-IM7(GC純度為91%)及111.5 g順式-De-Bn-IM7與De-Bn-IM7之混合物。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 6.48-6.40(m,1H),6.27-6.13(m,1H),6.01(dd,J=19.3,5.1 Hz,1H),5.55(dtt,J=15.4,11.9,1.7 Hz,1H),4.34-4.22(m,1H),2.20-2.11(m,2H),1.55-1.43(m,6H),1.30(dq,J=14.0,7.1 Hz,6H),1.03(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H),0.90(dd,J=14.5,7.3 Hz,15H)。m/z(ES-API,負離子): 451,495(M+HCOO-)。
在-10℃至0℃下向機械攪拌之NaH(4.0 g,60%,0.1 mol)於DMF(170 mL)中之混合物中添加De-Bn-IM7(42 g,93.1 mmol)於DMF(20 mL)中之溶液,在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物1小時,在-10℃至0℃下逐滴添加BnBr(16.7 g,97.7 mmol)於DMF(20 mL)中之溶液至反應混合物中直至De-Bn-IM7消耗殆盡。添加水(210 mL)且用MTBE(每次210 mL)萃取混合物兩次。合併的有機層用NH4Cl飽和水溶液(210 mL)洗滌一次、用水(210 mL)洗滌一次及用鹽水(210 mL)洗滌一次,且隨後在<45℃下減壓濃縮得到52.3 g粗IM7,HPLC純度為91.1%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.39-7.26(m,5H),6.38(d,J=19.2 Hz,1H),6.19-6.09(m,1H),5.88(dd,J=19.2,6.8 Hz,1H),5.60(dtt,J=15.4,11.9,1.7 Hz,1H),4.69(d,J=12.2 Hz,1H),4.51(d,J=12.2 Hz,1H),3.94-3.87(m,1H),2.20-2.06(m,2H),1.57-1.43(m,6H),1.32(dt,J=15.0,7.4 Hz,6H),1.02(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H),0.91(q,J=7.5 Hz,15H)。m/z(EI): 581([M+K+],100),565([M+Na+],60)。
在-10℃至0℃下向機械攪拌之NaH(0.49 g,60%,0.012 mol)於DMF(20 mL)中之混合物中添加De-Bn-IM7(5 g,0.011 mol)於DMF(2.5 mL)中之溶液,在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物1小時,在-10℃至0℃下逐滴添加1-(溴甲基)-4-甲氧基苯(2.34 g,0.0116 mol)於DMF(2.5 mL)中之溶液至反應混合物中直至De-Bn-IM7消耗殆盡。添加水(25 mL)且用MTBE(每次25 mL)萃取混合物兩次。合併的有機層用NH4Cl飽和水溶液(25 mL)洗滌一次、用水(25 mL)洗滌一次及用鹽水(25 mL)洗滌一次,且隨後在<45℃下減壓濃縮得到6.3 g粗IM7i。藉由管柱層析純化粗IM7i以提供4.2 g之IM7i,GC純度為92%,HPLC產率為64%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.25(d,J=8.6 Hz,2H),6.87(d,J=8.6 Hz,2H),6.42-6.31(m,1H),6.13(d,J=15.8 Hz,1H),5.87(dd,J=19.2,6.7 Hz,1H),5.58(dd,J=26.5,13.2 Hz,1H),4.62(d,J=11.8 Hz,1H),4.44(d,J=11.8 Hz,1H),3.94-3.87(m,1H),2.20-2.06(m,2H),1.57-1.43(m,6H),1.32(dt,J=15.0,7.4 Hz,6H),1.02(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H),0.91(q,J=7.5 Hz,15H)。m/z(ES API,正離子): 611([M+K+],100),595([M+Na+],70)。
在60℃至70℃下向機械攪拌之IM5(100 g,76% GC純度,0.62 mol)與t-BuOK(71.4 g,0.74 mol)於THF(300 mL)中之混合物中添加BnBr(116 g,0.68 mol)於THF(200 mL)中之溶液,在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物1小時直至IM5少於5%。將混合物冷卻至15℃至30℃,添加水(1 L)與MTBE(1 L)且攪拌混合物15分鐘,用MTBE(500 mL)萃取水層一次。合併的有機層用NH4Cl飽和水溶液(500 mL)洗滌一次且用鹽水(500 mL)洗滌一次,且隨後在<45℃下減壓濃縮得到155 g粗IM6,HPLC純度為61%。藉由管柱層析純化粗IM6以提供86 g之IM6,GC純度為86%,GC產率為62%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.37-7.31(m,5H),6.35-6.22(m,1H),5.78-5.61(m,1H),4.86(d,J=12.0 Hz,1H),4.64(d,J=12.0 Hz,1H),4.29(dt,J=8.0,2.2 Hz,1H),2.55(d,J=8.0,2.1 Hz,1H),2.22-2.09(m,2H),1.02(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H)。
在攪拌下向IM6(69 g,86%,0.28 mol)於甲苯(340 mL)中之熱(80℃)溶液中添加Bu3SnH(88 g,0.30 mol)及AIBN(5.1 g,0.03 mol)。在80℃至85℃下攪拌混合物直至IM6消耗殆盡。在<55℃下蒸發反應混合物得到150 g粗IM7。藉由管柱層析純化粗IM7以提供75 g之IM7,GC純度為61.2%,GC產率為65%。
7-((1R,2R,3R)-2-((1E,5E)-3-(苄氧基)-4,4-二氟辛-1,5-二烯基)-3-(第三丁基二甲基-甲矽烷氧基)-5-側氧基環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(Z)-異丙酯)
在N2下向在-10℃至0℃下的CuCN(26.7 g,0.3 mol)於THF(375 mL)中之混合物中逐滴添加MeLi於二乙氧基甲烷中之溶液(91 mL,3 M,0.27 mol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物0.5小時。在N2下向在-60℃至-70℃下的IM7(147 g,90% HPLC純度,0.27 mol)於THF(750 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加MeLi於二乙氧基甲烷中之溶液(91 mL,3 M,0.27 mol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物直至IM7消耗殆盡。在-40℃至-50℃下再向反應中逐滴添加所製備之MeCu(CN)Li溶液持續0.5小時。隨後在-50℃至-60℃下向之前的反應溶液中逐滴添加化合物(1)(82.7 g,0.22 mol)於THF(375 mL)中之溶液。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物直至反應完成。在該溫度下添加NH4Cl飽和水溶液(750 mL)且隨後將所得混合物升溫至室溫並過濾,用MTBE(750 mL)洗滌濾餅一次。分離濾液且用MTBE(375 mL)萃取水層一次。合併的有機層用鹽水(750 mL)洗滌一次且隨後在<55℃下減壓濃縮得到228 g粗化合物(7),其藉由管柱層析純化以提供107 g化合物(7),HPLC純度為90%,基於化合物(1)之產率為70%。
在N2下向在-60℃至-70℃下的IM7(5 g,9.2 mmol)於THF(30 mL)中之溶液中添加MeLi於二乙氧基甲烷中之溶液(3.1 mL,3 M,9.3 mmol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物直至IM7消耗殆盡。在N2下逐滴添加2-噻吩基氰基銅酸鋰(37 mL,0.25 M,9.25 mmol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物1小時。隨後在-50℃至-60℃下向之前的反應溶液中逐滴添加化合物(1)(2.8 g,7.4 mmol)於THF(20 mL)中之溶液。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物直至反應完成。在該溫度下添加NH4Cl飽和水溶液(15 mL)且隨後將所得混合物升溫至室溫並過濾,用EtOAc(25 mL)洗滌濾餅一次。分離濾液且用EtOAc(25 mL)萃取水層一次。合併的有機層用鹽水(25 mL)洗滌一次且隨後在<55℃下減壓濃縮得到8.2 g粗化合物(7),HPLC純度為29.5%,基於化合物(1)之HPLC產率為51.8%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.39-7.27(m,5H),6.24-6.10(m,1H),5.81-5.69(m,1H),5.68-5.50(m,2H),5.49-5.27(m,2H),4.99(dt,J=12.5,6.3 Hz,1H),4.68(dd,J=12.0,3.0 Hz,1H),4.52(dd,J=12.0,5.9 Hz,1H),4.14-4.04(m,1H),4.04-3.92(m,1H),2.74-2.66(m,1H),2.65-2.51(m,2H),2.49-2.28(m,2H,H8),2.28-1.96(m,5H),1.75-1.58(m,2H),1.30-1.23(m,2H),1.21(d,J=6.3 Hz,6H),1.03(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.05(dd,J=5.9,3.4 Hz,6H)。m/z(API-ES,正離子): 655([M+Na+],100)。
(7-((1R,2R,3R)-3-(第三丁基二甲基甲矽烷氧基)-2-((1E,5E)-4,4-二氟-3-(4-甲氧基苄氧基)辛-1,5-二烯基)-5-側氧基環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(Z)-異丙酯)
在N2下向在-10℃至0℃下之CuCN(0.77 g,8.5 mmol)於THF(10 mL)中之混合物中逐滴添加MeLi於二乙氧基甲烷中之溶液(2.6 mL,3 M,7.8 mmol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物0.5小時。在N2下向在-60℃至-70℃下的IM7i(4.1 g,92% HPLC純度,7.8 mmol)於THF(20 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加MeLi於二乙氧基甲烷中之溶液(2.6 mL,3 M,7.8 mmol)。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物直至IM7i消耗殆盡。在-40℃至-50℃下再向反應中逐滴添加所製備之MeCu(CN)Li溶液持續0.5小時。隨後在-50℃至-60℃下向之前的反應溶液中逐滴添加化合物(1)(2.37 g,6.2 mmol)於THF(10 mL)中之溶液。在該溫度下攪拌反應混合物直至反應完成。在該溫度下添加NH4Cl飽和水溶液(20 mL)且隨後將所得混合物升溫至室溫並過濾,用MTBE(20 mL)洗滌濾餅一次。分離濾液且用MTBE(10 mL)萃取水層一次。合併的有機層用鹽水(20 mL)洗滌一次且隨後在<55℃下減壓濃縮得到6.8 g粗化合物(7i),其藉由管柱層析純化以提供2.3 g化合物(7i),HPLC純度為88.6%,基於化合物(1)之HPLC產率為51%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.26-7.20(m,2H),6.91-6.83(m,2H),6.25-6.08(m,1H),5.72(ddd,J=17.3,12.8,4.8 Hz,1H),5.65-5.50(m,2H),5.49-5.28(m,2H,H5),4.99(dt,J=12.5,6.3 Hz,1H),4.62(dd,J=11.6,2.3 Hz,1H),4.45(dt,J=11.6,5.6 Hz,1H),4.17-4.02(m,1H),4.02-3.89(m,1H),3.81(s,3H),2.74-2.50(m,2H),2.49-1.96(m,9H),1.73-1.59(m,2H),1.28(dd,J=9.6,4.4 Hz,2H),1.21(d,J=6.3 Hz,6H),1.02(t,J=7.4 Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.05(dd,J=6.0,3.3 Hz,6H)。m/z(API-ES,正離子): 680([M+NH4]+,100),664(M+,10)。
在0.4 MPa下在H2下將之前製備的化合物(7)(57 g,91% HPLC純度,0.90 mol)、10% Pd/C(5.7 g,53% H2O)及EtOAc(570 mL)加熱至60℃,攪拌反應直至化合物(7)消耗殆盡。隨後經矽藻土塞過濾反應混合物且用EtOAc(285 mL)洗滌濾餅一次,隨後在<55℃下減壓濃縮濾液得到54 g化合物(8)。藉由管柱層析(EtOAc:正庚烷=1:10)純化殘餘物以分離得到47 g化合物(8),粗產率為96%。
在0.4 MPa下在H2下將之前製備的化合物(7i)(2.3 g,89% HPLC純度,3.5 mmol)、10% Pd/C(0.23 g,40% H2O)及EtOAc(23 mL)加熱至60℃,攪拌反應直至化合物(7i)消耗殆盡。隨後經矽藻土塞過濾反應混合物且用EtOAc(12 mL)洗滌濾餅一次,隨後在<55℃下減壓濃縮濾液得到2.0 g化合物(8)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 5.07-4.91(m,1H),4.14-4.00(m,1H),3.78-3.58(m,1H),2.65-2.54(m,1H),2.33(dd,J=6.3,30.2 Hz,1H),2.25(t,J=7.5 Hz,3H),2.17(dd,J=6.7,5.3 Hz,1H),2.02-1.71(m,7H),1.67-1.25(m,14H),1.22(d,J=6.3,6H),0.93(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=1.5 Hz,9H),0.07(dd,J=9.3,2.6 Hz,6H)。m/z(API-ES,正離子): 549(M+H+,100)。
將乙二醯氯(1.27 g,10.0 mmol)於DCM(20 mL)中之溶液冷卻至-60℃至-70℃,逐滴添加於DCM(5 mL)中之DMSO(1.56 g,20.0 mmol)且攪拌溶液30分鐘。逐滴添加化合物(8)(5.0 g,9.1 mmol)於DCM(10 mL)中之溶液,且在-60℃至-70℃下攪拌混合物1小時。向混合物中逐滴添加Et3N(3.04 g,30.0 mol)且在該溫度下攪拌反應直至反應完成。將混合物升溫至0℃,向溶液中添加水(50 mL)並攪拌混合物5分鐘且隨後分離。用DCM(50 mL)萃取水層。合併的有機層用飽和NH4Cl(50 mL)洗滌一次、用水(50 mL)洗滌一次且隨後在<50℃下減壓濃縮得到4.57 g化合物(9),HPLC純度為87%,HPLC產率為91%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 5.09-4.91(m,1H),4.03(q,J=6.7,1H),3.00-2.73(m,2H),2.60(ddd,J=18.1,6.6,1.1 Hz,1H),2.25(t,J=7.5,2H),2.20(d,J=7.2 Hz,1H),2.14(d,J=7.2 Hz,1H),2.10-1.25(m,21H),1.22(d,J=6.3 Hz,6H),0.92(t,J=6.9 Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.07(d,J=8.6,6H)。m/z(EI): 547(M+H+,100),569(M+Na+,45)。
向化合物(9)(5.0 g,9.14 mmol)於丙酮(15 mL)及pH 7.0緩衝液(0.5% NaH2PO4且用1 N NaOH調節pH值至7.0;35 mL)中之溶液中添加脂肪酶PS SD(0.5 g),在50℃下攪拌直至化合物(9)幾乎消耗殆盡,將反應物經由矽膠塞過濾並用MTBE(100 mL)洗滌,用水(50 mL×2)洗滌濾液兩次,隨後在<40℃下減壓濃縮得到4.78 g粗化合物(10)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ: 4.03(q,J=6.7 Hz,1H),3.00-2.72(m,2H),2.66-2.55(dd,J=12.3 Hz,7.5 Hz,1H),2.34(t,J=7.5,2H),2.17(dd,J=18.1 Hz,7.3 Hz,1H),2.08-1.17(m,22H),0.92(t,J=6.9 Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.07(d,J=8.6,6H)。m/z(ES-API,負離子): 503([M-H]-,35),371(100)。
向化合物(9)(1.0 g,1.8 mmol)於MeCN(10 mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(1.0 g,8.8 mmol)且在15℃至30℃下攪拌混合物16小時,TLC分析顯示化合物(9)少於20%。隨後添加水(10 mL)與MTBE(10 mL)且攪拌5分鐘且隨後分離。用MTBE(10 mL)萃取水層一次。合併的有機層用水(10 mL×2)洗滌兩次、用NaHCO3(10 mL)飽和水溶液洗滌一次且隨後在<50℃下減壓濃縮得到0.85 g粗魯比前列酮異丙酯。
向化合物(10)(3.6 g,7.14 mmol)於MeCN(54 mL)中之溶液中添加H2SO4(2 mol/L,3.57 mL,7.14 mmol)且在15℃±5℃下攪拌混合物直至化合物(10)消耗殆盡。添加水(54 mL)且用MTBE(36 mL×2)萃取兩次。合併的有機層用NaHCO3飽和水溶液(36 mL)洗滌一次、用水(36 mL)洗滌一次並用無水MgSO4乾燥,且隨後在<40℃下減壓濃縮得到2.58 g之HPLC純度為65%之粗產物,其藉由管柱層析純化以提供1.3 g之HPLC純度為80%之魯比前列酮。在20℃至30℃下將魯比前列酮(0.5 g,80% HPLC純度)溶解於MTBE(0.5 mL)中,且隨後伴隨持續2小時之劇烈攪拌,將正庚烷(2 mL)冷卻至0℃至10℃。過濾固體魯比前列酮且用正庚烷(2 mL)洗滌,在40℃下在真空下乾燥得到0.32 g固體魯比前列酮。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3): δ 4.19(ddd,J=11.4,10.0,7.2 Hz,1H),2.58(dd,J=17.6,7.2 Hz,1H),2.35(t,J=7.4 Hz,2H),2.26(dd,J=17.7,11.6 Hz,1H),2.10-1.75(m,7H),1.72-1.45(m,7H),1.45-1.22(m,8H,),0.94(t,J=7.3 Hz,3H)。m/z(ES-API,負離子): 389([M-H]-,100)。
向魯比前列酮之異丙酯(0.3 g)溶液中添加於丙酮(1.5 mL)及pH 8.0緩衝液(2 mL)中之脂肪酶PS SD(0.3 g),在50℃至60℃下攪拌22小時。在<50℃下減壓濃縮反應溶液得到0.4 g粗產物,向殘餘物中添加水(6 mL)與MTBE(6 mL)且攪拌5分鐘,分離且用MTBE(6 mL)萃取水層。合併的有機層用水(6 mL)洗滌一次及用鹽水(6 mL)洗滌一次且隨後在<50℃下減壓濃縮得到0.3 g粗產物。
在約25℃下向鹽酸胍(10 g,0.105 mol)於MeOH(100 mL)中之溶液中添加MeONa(4.0 g,0.105 mol)於MeOH(50 mL)中之溶液。在該溫度下攪拌溶液1小時且沈澱出白色固體。過濾所得漿液以移除沈澱的NaCl以提供胍於MeOH中之溶液。在約25℃下向魯比前列酮(0.2 g,0.513 mmol)於MeOH(2 mL)中之溶液中添加胍於MeOH中之溶液(0.73 mL,0.511 mmol)。在該溫度下攪拌混合物1小時且隨後蒸發溶劑。在<30℃下將MTBE(2 mL)添加至殘餘物中且在真空下蒸發。再重複此操作兩次且隨後添加THF(2 mL),導致形成白色固體。在約25℃下攪拌後,藉由過濾分離固體以得到呈白色固體狀之魯比前列酮之胍鹽。白色固體之1H NMR分析顯示,與游離魯比前列酮相比,羧酸酯基之亞甲基信號α已發生位移。1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD): δ=4.22-4.10(m,1H),2.48(dd,J=17.4,7.2 Hz,1H),2.19(dd,J=17.4,11.7 Hz,1H),2.16(t,J=7.5 Hz,2H),2.10-1.26(m,22H),0.93(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H)。
Claims (24)
- 一種魯比前列酮(lubiprostone)之合成方法,其包含:a) 偶合環戊烯酮I
- 如請求項1之方法,其中步驟d)包含藉助於酶來水解該異丙酯。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中步驟d)包含將式VI化合物
- 一種式III化合物之合成方法,,其包含:a) 將式VIII化合物
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該式XI化合物之M為Li。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中式VIII化合物與式XI之經甲矽烷基保護之金屬乙炔化合物的反應係在路易斯酸(Lewis acid)化合物存在下進行。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中該路易斯酸化合物為BF3。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟b)中之該還原劑為氫化物還原劑。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中該氫化物還原劑為金屬氫化物,其中該金屬係選自由鋁、硼及釕組成之群。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟b)中之該脫甲矽烷基劑為烷氧化物或氟化物試劑。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中該烷氧化物試劑為NaOMe。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟b)係在一個反應容器中進行而不用分離中間體。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟c)該式X化合物轉化為式II化合物包含:首先藉由將X與三取代之氫化錫在引發劑存在下反應來連接SnR8R9R10以產生式II'化合物,及藉由將該式II'化合物與鹼及苄化劑反應而將R7自H轉化為R14Bn以產生該式II化合物
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟c)該式X化合物轉化為式II化合物包含:首先藉由將其中R7為H之該式X化合物與鹼及苄化劑反應而將R7自H轉化為R14Bn以產生式X'化合物,及隨後藉由將該式X'化合物與三取代之氫化錫在引發劑存在下反應來安裝SnR8R9R10以產生該式II化合物
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟c)該式X化合物轉化為式II化合物包含:首先藉由將其中R7為H之式X化合物與鹼及苄化劑反應而將R7自H轉化為R14Bn以產生式X'化合物,及隨後藉由將該式X'化合物與Cp2Zr(H)Cl繼之以MeLi反應來安裝ZrCp2Me以產生該式II化合物
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟c)該式X化合物轉化為式II化合物包含:首先藉由將其中R7為H之該式X化合物與鹼及苄化劑反應而將R7自H轉化為R14Bn以產生式X'化合物,及隨後藉由將該式X'化合物與Cp2ZrCl2、t-BuMgCl繼之以I2反應來安裝I以產生該式II化合物
- 如請求項4之方法,其中步驟d)該式II化合物轉化為III包含:將其中R15為SnR8R9R10或I且R7為BnR14之該式II化合物與有機金屬化合物繼之以MeCu(CN)Li或2-噻吩基Cu(CN)Li反應
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該有機金屬化合物為t-BuLi、s-BuLi或n-BuLi。
- 一種式(9)化合物(7-((1R,2R,3R)-3-(第三丁基二甲基甲矽烷氧基)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基)庚酸異丙酯)
- 一種式(10)化合物(7-((1R,2R,3R)-3-(第三丁基二甲基甲矽烷氧基)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基)庚酸)
- 一種式(7)化合物(7-((1R,2R,3R)-2-((1E,5E)-3-(苄氧基)-4,4-二氟辛-1,5-二烯基)-3-(第三丁基二甲基甲矽烷氧基)-5-側氧基環戊基)庚-5-烯酸(Z)-異丙酯)
- 一種式X化合物,其中R7為H,且雙鍵位於C5與C6之間、位於C6與C7之間或不存在;且係選自由以下組成之群:IM5((E)-4,4-二氟辛-5-烯-1-炔-3-醇);式IM5b化合物(亦即X;R7=H;4,4-二氟辛-1-炔-3-醇);式IM5c化合物(亦即X;R7=H,C6-C7雙鍵;(E)-4,4-二氟辛-6-烯-1-炔-3-醇)
- 一種純化魯比前列酮之方法,其包含形成魯比前列酮之鹽之步驟。
- 如請求項23之方法,其中該鹽為胍鹽。
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