TW200413578A - Tin plating method - Google Patents
Tin plating method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200413578A TW200413578A TW092125169A TW92125169A TW200413578A TW 200413578 A TW200413578 A TW 200413578A TW 092125169 A TW092125169 A TW 092125169A TW 92125169 A TW92125169 A TW 92125169A TW 200413578 A TW200413578 A TW 200413578A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- acid
- substrate
- solution
- scope
- Prior art date
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- -1 Tin alkane sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AKGGYBADQZYZPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 AKGGYBADQZYZPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylmalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C(O)=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004002 naphthaldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HXTSPGYEPSIZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;tin Chemical compound [Sn].OC1=CC=CC=C1 HXTSPGYEPSIZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044652 phenolsulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NIXKBAZVOQAHGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NIXKBAZVOQAHGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
- H05K3/244—Finish plating of conductors, especially of copper conductors, e.g. for pads or lands
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/36—Phosphatising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
- H01L21/2885—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition using an external electrical current, i.e. electro-deposition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/03—Metal processing
- H05K2203/0392—Pretreatment of metal, e.g. before finish plating, etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3473—Plating of solder
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Lead Frames For Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Description
200413578 玖、發明說明: 相關申請交互參者 本申請聲明2002年九月十三日提出申請的美國專利 臨時申請案第60/410,637號於35 u.s c· §n9(c)下之權 益,其整體内容以引用方式併入本文。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 正月且而3,本發明係關於錫和錫合金鍍覆領域。特別 的疋,本發明係關於;在基材上電沈積錫或錫合金層的方 法,該方法可在沈積膜上減少之晶鬚形成。 【先前技術】 錫和錫合金層典型地係用在電子工業中以提供 之良好可銲性。例如’可於銅導線架上沈積錫和錫合全岸 二^可銲的鐘層㈣der義finish)。不幸的是,錫㈣ 泛至層,特別是電沈積錫和錫合 #| 〇,,曰·^,,尨A W a 士 m令易自發地形成晶 4 _係由錫層表面長出的類似毛髮之單晶體。 錫晶彡貞之直徑在數微米到約 .4括日t : 。 ϋ u未靶圍内,長度可達數毫 種晶鬚可造成短路及引入雜訊到電子電路中,因: 造成電子裝置之可靠性問題。 ,’ 已提出使用錫鉛合金作為錫晶鬚 辦法。-般都同意這種合金比錫本身明 晶鬚。不過,日二A 4 承身月頋地較不容易形成
不過 刖全球性禁止鉛的使用夕本I 鬚問題重新浮出表面,而促使㈣儿 2已造成錫晶 越多。 ’’σ 土錫/尤知層之使用越來 92424 200413578 ^成勺、果,雖然也都相信錫之整體擴散也有牽涉其中。 不過,錫晶鬚的正確生成機制仍然尚未 :、 種,應力的因素已被推測…,其中,二= 、’、子勺存在所造成的晶格應力Mims) ·,由於錫 鍍復ir、件所產生的殘留應力(⑴id⑽卜⑽sses ),因為錫層 的機械負載或加工作業而來之應力,目與相鄰層之交互作 用’而來之應力,例如金屬間化合物之形纟,熱膨脹之差 異和類似者。請參考例如,Ewell等人著作之仏 and Passive Components: A Review of the Concerns, ~LtflX^J1^^SJStor T^ULQlogy Svmposh氣 pp 222-228,
March, 1 998 ° , 關於減少錫或錫合金膜内錫晶鬚的主要焦點是在於 錫或锡合金沈積製程的條件。例如,# —種減少錫晶鬚形 成的方法是使用相對較厚的錫層,例如,約1〇微米厚度之 層。不過,這種厚層不全然實用或此種厚層對於某些應用 可能太厚,例如當前之微電子應用。另一種減少錫晶鬚形 成的方法為美國專利第5,75〇,〇17號(Zhang)中所述及者, 該專利揭示一種使用脈衝鍍覆條件來電沈積錫或錫合金於 金屬基材上的方法。此種鍍覆方法提供一種典型地具有3 到6微米厚度之錫層,其中該錫的顆粒大小為2到8微米。3 雖然Zhang推斷此種顆粒大小可減少錫晶鬚之形成,但是 這種錫沈積層仍然有錫晶鬚生成的問題。 K.N5 TU? Materials Chemistry and Physics 46 (1996) 217-223 與 K.N,Tu,Physical Review b,Volume 49 (3) 92424 6 200413578 (1994),2030-2034證實晶鬚生成初期與金屬間化合物 (IMC )有相關聯。不過,並非只是純的大4說來啟始 晶鬚生成。在基材與錫電沈積層之間的IMC層的形態且特 別是均勻性也至少具有同樣重要性。根據Lee and Spontaneous Growth mechanism of Tin Whiskers (Acta 46,ηο· 10,ρρ37〇1·37 14, 1 998),mc 層 ^ 質性增加了造成所謂雙轴壓縮應力,而後該應力以晶鬚生 成的形式釋放出來。該文件根據此點判定平滑盥均句的 IMC層可提供一種顯著減少晶鬚生成的手段。 的錫晶鬚之錫與 於技藝中存在著對於提供具有減少 锡合金層的方法之需要。 【發明内容】 々人馬訝且意外地發現’經由在鍍覆步驟之前 覆的基材施以處理裎庠可 站益 ' 处至牙王序了 U頒者地減少錫晶鬚之形 據本發明之第-觀點,提供—種在基材上電沈積錫或錫/ 二層的方法。該方法包括使用含有鱗酸與 : :理基材,並於處理過之基材表面上電沈積錫或::: 低爆不赞明之另一觀點,提供一種在基材上恭 或錫合金層的方法。兮古 ^ / ^ 法忒方法包括使用含有50到8〇蝴 的叛酸之溶液I @ & 月豆 合成兔解處理基材,並於處理過之臭好主 沈積錫或錫合金層。 土 表面- 【實施方式】 如在本說明書中所使用者,下面諸縮寫具有下歹“ 92424 200413578 義’除非上下文有清楚地另外指明:t指的是攝氏 為克,L為升;mL為毫升;A為安培;如為公寸; :微米㈤cron或micrometer)。所有量為體積百分比,: 非有不同的指明。所有數值範圍都是内含且可以任一次岸 合併者’除非此等數値範圍有明顯受 100%。 〜问建 據此,本發明提供-種電沈積錫或踢合金層於基材上 面的方法。基材典型地為電子 土 板A i 4 凌置基材,例如,印刷線路 η: 半導體封I件,晶片電容器,晶片電阻 ’連接器,接觸點,及類似物。 於,銅,銅合金例如黃鋼,二、=材 、。金’及類似物。較佳者該基材為含銅的美 如銅或鋼合金層。銅合金例如C7025, C1 :才’例 :是特別合適者。不過,這些銅合金都特別容易生成:Γ1 某些銅合金,例如C7G25的另—項 易生成_。 在錫或錫合金電鑛程序之前二 =汗斑之形成。 方式的處理以預調理表面供電^所^材典型地係經過電解 有效益地實施以使基材表面抛光及平滑理係經 使後來沈積的錫均勻擴散到基材, 心这種表面可 合物層。在表面拋光之下 /成均勾的金屬間化 I材的不均白表 1 基材表面的較低部位優先地移 基材表面拋光而是㈣的表面預調理 ^以不疋將 從基材表面將材料非優先地移除 Θ者。蝕刻是指 化的基材表面,使得錫不均勾擴係形成經粗缝 基材内並造成在錫或 92424 8 200413578 錫合金層内之局部化 形成。 怎力區域,於該處可能誘導錫晶鬚的 根據本發明之— 酸與叛酸的溶液電解預調理處理包括使用含有填 該預處理溶液含有50:f材。根據本發明之另-觀點, 浴之PH值為從約〇至约0體積%的缓酸。典型地,此等 至約3,且較佳者為約i。 該磷酸可為,你丨4 τ丄 酸為較佳者且在溶Γ:二,酸或焦鱗酸。於其中,正填 8。體㈣之量,型:量為以該溶液計… 彳土者為30至40體積%之量。 該羧酸可為經取冲& y ,, 代者,且可以a夕 羥基羧酸,《為未經取 :者且::為多元叛酸。合適之幾酸包括,例 丙-酸,甲基丙二酸,二甲基丙二酸,順丁婦早 丁二酸,檸蘋酸(citramaIicacid),酒-^ 檸檬酸,戊二酸,經基乙酸,乳酸,丙酮酸 酮基戊一酸(a-ket〇gIutaric acid),水揚酸 _ _ 及彼等之組合。其中’較佳的羧酸包括羥基丁 ^ : 以 酸,檸檬酸’乳酸,與其他糖酸酸與路醇:酸7:及:: 之組合。預處理溶液中羧酸的含量在與磷 型地為10至600克/升,而在沒有磷 °使用柃典 至800克/升。 下使用時為400 例^情要地’預處理溶液可包括驗金屬氫氧化物, 例如虱虱化鈉或氫氧化鉀。於需要時, J W使用遙合今vi # 氧化物來調整pH值。預處理溶液中之八 、’虱 戏孟屬氫負化你 典型含量以該溶液計係自〇至300克/升。 勺 92424 9 200413578 該預處理溶液中所使用之溶劑典型地為去離子水。視 情況需要地,除了去離子水之外,還可以使用有機溶劑。 經發現’在預處理程序中的電流密度可以經由使用有機溶 劑予以調整,藉此可促成額外的程序控制以選擇性地達到 所期望的表面拋光電壓(polishing voltage)如在帛i圖中所 顯示者。合適之有機溶劑包括,例如,乙二醇,丙二醇, 丙三醇及低分子量醇類例如乙醇和異丙醇。有機溶劑在子溶 液中的含量典型地為從〇至40體積%。 視情況需要可以你田_ -V' ^ ^ 一種或數種添加劑於預處 液中。這些添加劑包括,例如,潤濕劑及熟諸此‘: 的其他界面活性劑。 在有所知 基材係、經^導引至古士方+ 型地,於處理過程中上 5谷液之預處理槽中。典 =,交佳者為自約20t至坑。在預處理過程:至 二Ι:ΓΠ壓及/或陰極偏壓。較佳者,該基材係施 以%極偏壓。特殊電解虛 基材及欲沈積之層的:理的心取決於’例如,特定的 預調理步驟中的電壓較佳地係 光比接受I虫刻較為有利 疋使基材接叉拋 溶液之電流密度對電壓之並=,:;圖為鐘覆預處理 理之基材)…溶、、夜接觸::線…'壓為在陽極(欲處 該圖可以看出,在點AflJf占=之間的d。如從 增加而增加。在此…內 電流密度會隨㈣的 子形式(MO而導致基^面金屬㈣會直接轉換為其離 ^ 的蝕刻。進一步增加電壓之 92424 10 200413578 下’在點B和C之間會發生電流密度的急劇降低,此標示 出在由金屬變為其離子形式的直接轉換與間接轉換之間的 過渡區域。間接轉換會促成基材拋光,在金屬轉換為其離 7弋之鈾金屬會轉換成為金屬氧化物(Me〇)。在點◦ 與點D之間的區域標示出最有利的拋光範圍,其中電流密 度在包1遞增之下都維持固定值。因此宜使用最小施加電 L來拋光基材。在點D與點£之間,電流密度係隨著電壓 5 ::而:t曰加。隨然有效拋光基材之電壓係取決於欲處理 的4寸疋基材與預處理溶液,不過該電壓典型地是從3至 伏^^ 1乂佳為從4至8伏。此電壓值典型地導致1〇至 女^ /平—方公寸(A/dm2)的電流密度,取決於,例如,溶 /夜組成,溶液槽之幾何及攪動。 預處理程序典型地係進 ^ , 反射性的基材表面為止。程序7广…度拋光及有 序4間典型地為從15至90秒, 罕乂 1 土:^為攸1 5至3 0秒。 除了具有對晶鬚形成之古、, 預處理π士 成之有盃效應之外,根據本發明的 預處理私序可以有效地防 曰] 生在八A i u / 1的形成,該污斑係經常發 生在銅合金基材的表面上者。 在預處理程序之後,即 你I 4士 用去綠子水沖洗基材以確定 攸基材移除掉預處理溶液。 土秄隹疋 水沖洗。視需要地,該水沖,决者,該水汗洗為-種高屡 該預浸程序中係使基材、可接著施以預浸程序, 與隨後鐘覆程序所用電解質7接觸。較佳者,該酸容液 地係在25t:進行-段從/所使用者相同。該預浸典型 主4〇秒之期間。 ]] 92424 200413578 下來是電沈積錫或錫合金。,,錫合 一種或多種1他 ° 係指包含錫和 一一 ,、他合金兀素的任何金屬,因此勺匕 一元合金,二亓人入^ 匕括,例如, 一兀合金及類似物。合適的人八_ 不限定於,鉍,如力 σ孟兀素包括,但 鉍,銅,銀,鉛,銻及鋅,且 與銀。特別合適的錫合金為錫_銅 …乂 土者為鉍,鋼 能含有,例如m1〇%的銅,直餘^種錫-銅合金可 金可視需要含有少量其他合金元素一。二種錫-銅合 的濃度可能有大範圍的變化。這種人全元各5金元素 諸此藝者的能力之…錫或錫合:::厂 =圍係在熟 圍的變化,取決於特定的應用。例如:大範 沈積於導線架上面之時,…i耗:錫或錫合金層係 了兴序度典型地為從1至〗〇 錫或錫合金層可以用多種方法予以沈積。較佳者:錫 或錫合金層係於高速電鐘系統中以電解方式沈積。此等李 、者。電鍍溶液係經導引至此系統内 一貝也充鍍·覆電池,持續溢流到溢流池中,且連續 地送回到電池内。使基材通過電池中的電鐘溶液。此種電 解沈積可為,如,使用直流電(“Dc”)或脈衝鐘覆,包括 肢衝周期性逆反鍍覆。沈積技術的選定取決於,例如,特 定之基材與欲進行沈積之層。典㈣,錫或錫合金 的溫度為從約2(TC至約6(rc,較佳者為從約35艺至451。 典型地,錫或錫合金電鍍所用之電流密度為從】至%安培 /平方公寸,較佳者為從5至3 〇安培/平方公寸。 口適的$解型錫或錫合金鍍覆浴可為酸性者或鹼性 者。一範例酸性錫電鍍浴係含有一種或多種溶液可溶解的 ]2 92424 200413578 錫化合物,一種或多種酸性電解質,及視需要之一種或多 種添加劑。合適的錫化合物包括,但不限定於,鹽類例如 _化錫,硫酸錫,烷磺酸錫例如★曱烷磺酸錫,芳基磺酸錫 例如笨基磺酸錫,苯酚磺酸錫與甲苯磺酸錫,烷醇磺酸錫, 及滿似物。錫化合物較佳者為硫酸錫,氯化錫,烧績酸錫 或芳基磺酸錫,且更佳者為硫酸錫或甲烷磺酸錫。在此等 電解質組成物中的錫化合物含量典型地為可提供在5至 15〇克/升,較佳者30至8〇克/升,且更佳者40至6〇克/ 升範圍内的錫含量之量。多種錫化合物之混合物可視需要 以如上面所述之量使用。 任何溶液可溶解,適合用來製備穩定的錫電解質,且 對電解質組成物沒有其他不良影響的酸性電解質均可以使 用。合適的酸性電解質包括,但不限定於,烷磺酸類例如 甲燒〜SiSL,乙烧、酸及丙燒石黃酸,芳基磺酸類例如笨基磺 ^,笨酚硕酸與甲苯磺酸,硫酸,胺基磺酸,鹽酸,氫溴 馱,氟硼酸及彼等之混合物。典型地,酸性電解質的量為 k 10至400克/升,較佳者為從5〇至4〇〇克/升,且更佳 者為從150至300克/升之範圍。當錫化合物為鹵化物時, 較佳者該酸性電解質為對應的酸,,當本發明中使用 氯化錫時,該酸性電解質較佳者為鹽酸。 u尺巾一禋或; 口金金屬化合物。合適的其他金屬包括,但不限定於,$ 鎳’銅’鉍’辞’銀,銻,銦及類似物。特別合適之! 金為錫-銅。可用於本發明中之其他金屬化合物為可以】 92424 13 200413578 溶形式於電解質組成物 化合物包括,但 -孟萄之任何者。因此,金屬 酸鹽,金屬燒福酸趟:Γ二鹽類例如金屬“物,金屬硫 鹽例如金屬笨基;峨鹽,金屬芳基續酸 土 ” Θ夂鹽與金屬曱茉石蔷酴gg 鹽,及類似物。兩@ 金屬烧醇續酸 电角午質組成物中,豆他今 量的選定取決於,彻I /、孟屬化合物及其用 ϋ,要沈積的錫合金,此為$社+ -者所習知者。 此马A 4此蟄 熟諳此藝者都了解一種或多 合金電鍍浴中,办丨丄J用於錫或錫 幻如遇原劑,微晶劑例如 與其他濕潤劑,辩古兩丨> γ I方無化合物 ^ A 日冗劑,抗氧化劑及類似物。添加劑之、、曰 ό物也可用於本發明 ^ 強…… 劑可用來,例如,增 強電鍍的效率及/或品質。 還原劑亦可加到錫合 姓产π 一 A 妫σ金包解貝組成物中以協助錫保 持在可浴的二價狀態。合適的還原劑包括,但不限定於, 虱酿,和經基化芳族化合物’例如間笨二酉分,兒茶齡及類 似物。合適的還原劑為揭示於,例如,美國專利第4,871,429 唬之中者。此等還原劑的含量典型地為從0· i克/升至5克 /升。 亮光沈積層可以經由添加增亮劑於錫與錫合金電解 質組成物中而得到。此等增亮劑為熟諳此藝者所熟知者。 合適的增亮劑包括,但不限定於,芳族族醛例如萘甲醛, 苯曱醛,烯丙基苯甲醛(allylbenzaldehyde),曱氧基笨甲酸 (meth〇xybenxaldehyde)及氯苯曱醛,芳族醛之衍生物,例 如苯曱基丙酮與亞笨曱基丙酮(benzylidine acet〇ne),脂族 92424 ]4 200413578 醛類例如乙醛’戊二醛,及酸類例如丙烯 及吡啶羧酸。典型地,增亮劑的用量為〇丨 土丙烯酸 較佳者為0.5至2克/升。 克/升’且 合適的非離子性界面活性劑或 於,相對低分子體積的 2 I不限定 乙…。及/或環氧丙烧(”二^ 的環氧乙烧及以環氧丙烧衍生物。脂族醇可以是== 不飽和的。此等脂族醇與芳族醇可進一 +人古 或 师嶋團之取代基。合適的濕潤劑包V,但不= 含12莫耳Ε〇的乙氧化聚苯乙物,含有5莫:: 乙氧化^醇,含有16莫耳^乙氧 e〇之乙氧化丁醇,含有12莫 、 1〇 ^ ^ 吁之乙乳化辛醇,含有 2莫耳£0之乙氧化辛基苯酚,乙氧化/ ^ 乙燒/環氧丙统嵌段共聚物(ethylen i平了醇,環氧 M 〗 y ne 〇Xlde/propylene oxide :人了一叫,含有8或13莫耳E0之乙氧化万-萘 s有10莫耳E0之乙氧化m分,含有1〇莫耳E〇 乙:化㈣A,含有13莫耳E0之乙氧化雙酴A,含有 U耳EO之硫酸化乙氧化雙酿A,以及含有8莫耳E〇 之乙氧化雙酚A。典型地,舲笪非雜7, 潤劑的添加量為。·…。克=Γ/… 升。 見/升,且較佳者為0.5至10克/ 熟諳此藝者都了解筘其2 1 Α , _ , 基方私化合物或其他濕潤劑亦 ^ °到電解f組成物中以進-步形成微晶化。這些微晶劑 入可以進一步改善沈積物外觀及操作電流密度範圍。 92424 ]5 200413578 合適的其他濕潤劑包括,但不限定&,烷氧化物類 (alkoxylates),例如聚乙氧化胺類⑺e τ_4〇3戋
Triton RW ’硫酸化烷基乙氧化物類例如τ幻丁⑽奶七以 及明膠或明膠衍峰必7。& μ γ 一 生物此寻可用之微晶劑的用量皆為熟浐 此藝者所熟知者,日i别上& 、°曰 且/、型地為從〇.01至20毫升/升,較# 者為〇·二至8毫升/升,且更佳者為1至5毫升/升。 门視而要地,抗氧化劑化合物可用於電解質組成物中以
St化:防止亞錫的锡氧化發生,例如,從二價轉變為四 二地°適的抗氧化劑化合物皆為熟諳此藝者所熟知者。 此等抗氧化劑化合物在電解質組成物中之用量 攸〇至2克/升。 里钓 的♦舌加::解質組成物中的視.需要選用之添加劑,如果有 :係取決於所期望之沈積物的結果與種類。 %明之錫層可 上。合適的底層材料:Γ 積於一或更多底層之 合金。,,錄-合全,,=!括’但不限定於,鎳,钻及彼等之 何金屬,因此包:::::一種或多種不同合金元素的任 包括二元合公,口孟兀素的任何金屬,因此 但不限定於?銘—70合金及類似物。合適的合金元素包括, 與鈷合金中之鍅旦鎳磷及類似物。鎳合金中之鎳量 力範圍内者“士 =大範圍的變化且為在熟諸此藝者之能 及錦冬特別的底層包括錄m古,錄-碟 按昭本/ 鎳_磷合金包括具有2至13%之磷者。 饮;本發明之仏 叮W , 百 、.·。果,可減少錫與錫合金層'中的晶鬚形 92424 ]6 200413578 成甚至消除。 以下的實施例係示範說明根據本發明減少錫晶鬚形 成之方去’而不是將本發明之範圍限定於任一觀點。 實施例 1 、、、工化合4〇體積%正磷酸(85%),15〇克/升乳酸, 40克/升虱氧化鈉及其餘用去離子水加到丨升製備鍍覆預 處理溶液。該溶液之溫度為25t且其PH值為}。將C194 銅合金導線架引導到該溶液中並施加3伏以上陽極偏壓3〇 t二致20至30安培/平方公寸之電流密度。將處理過之 V秦架以去離子水沖洗並以目視檢查污斑的形成。 中導線架浸到含# 15體積%甲燒項酸的抑溶液 y。經由混合50克/升錫(為甲烷磺酸錫(II)形式), 160克/升游離甲俨石兰缺; ^ ^ } R 欠,25克/升含有8莫耳£0之乙氧化 β -奈酉分,及5克/升儿擁 ― 雙私Α製備«浴。將該導線架 置方;该冷内在高速電鍍系 方公寸電流密度下採度’和20安培/平 又卜知用直流電鍍覆予以電鍍。 導入該鍍覆溶液使其實質:H先中 溢流池,且連續地送回電、、也= …池,連續地溢流到 溶液。 /將基材通過在電池中的電鍍 電鎮之後’使用SEM分析 電銀過的導線架則存放在 Μ日日須的存在。其
嶋的檢驗室中。每隔—個月^驗^度且濕 分析晶鬚的存在。 至出敉品並用SI 實施例2 92424 ]7 200413578 重覆實施例1的栽床 丁· 序不同處在於使用C7025銅合金 導線架及採用4伏以上的預處理電壓。 實施例 3 重覆實施例1的程序,又円+ 、者 狂斤不冋處在於使用Κ75鋼合金導 線架,且預處理溶液係經由、、曰 、、工由此合30體積%正磷酸(85% ), 360克/升乳酸,及2〇體藉。/工 ^ 版積/°丙二醇,其餘加入去離子水到 1升製備成者。導線架係摊η 加化以4伏以上陽極偏壓30秒,導 致電流密度為5至1 〇安培/平方公寸。 實施例4 ’不同處在於導線架是用Cl 94 經由混合40體積%正磷酸 ’及1 0體積%丙二醇且其餘加 。導線架施以4伏以上陽極偏 15到20安培/平方公寸。 重覆實施例1的程序 銅合金’且預處理溶液係 (85%),1〇〇克/升蘋果酸 入去離子水到1升製備成者 壓30秒,導致電流密度為 實施
重覆實施例 的程序,不同處在於將乳酸換成檸檬 實施魁6 重覆實施例 實施 的程序,不同處在於乳酸換成蘋果酸 重覆實施例1的程序 由混合400克/升乳酸,及 離子水而製備成者。 預期在預處理後檢杳 ,不同處在於該預處理溶液係經 4〇克/升氫氧化納且其餘加入去 導線架應顯*丨平滑,經高度抛 92424 18 200413578 光且具反射性的表,且該等表面是無污斑的。進一步預 期SEM /刀析結果應顯示電鍍層係實質地無晶鬚者。 雖然本發明業已參考特定具體實例詳細說明過,不過 對方、熱扣此蟄者頒然地可在不違背後附專利申請範圍之範 圍做出各種改變與修飾,及採用等效物。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為根據本發明之範例電鑛預處理溶液之電流穷 度對電壓之曲線。 (本案圖式無元件符號) 92424 19
Claims (1)
- 200413578 拾、申清專利範圍: 卜種電沈積锡或錫合金層於基材上面之方法,包括·· 以包括磷酸與羧酸之溶液電解處理基材;以及 地理之基材表面上電沈積錫或錫合金層。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項 / ,/、中,該基材係以含銅 金屬或金屬合金構成者。 3·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中,該電子裝置基 材係印刷線路板美姑, —抑 材 V、,泉罙,半導體封裝件,晶片電 谷益,晶片電阻器,連接器或接觸點。 4·如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任—項之方法’其中,該石舞 酸為在该溶液中之含量為2〇至晴積。相正碟酸。 5. ==圍第1至4項中任-項之方法,其中,該羧 &酒石酸,檸檬酸,乳酸,或彼等之组合。 6. 如申請專利範圍第…項中任一項之方 ’ 酸係經基羧酸。 T綠 7·如利範圍第…項中任—項之方法,其中,該溶 液復匕括鹼金屬氫氧化物。 8.如申請專利範圍第⑴項中任一項之方法 液復包括有機溶劑。 Τ — 9_ 士 :巧專利乾圍第1至8項中任-項之方法,其中,該電 解處理步驟係以能使該基材的表面有效拋光的電声進行。 1〇.一種電1積錫或錫合金層於基材上面之方法,包括: =含有50至80體積%羧酸之溶液電解處理基材;及 电沈積錫或錫合金層於已處理過的基材之表面上。 92424 20
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JP4822714B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-01 | 2011-11-24 | 荏原ユージライト株式会社 | スズまたはスズ合金めっき用ウィスカー防止剤およびこれを用いるウィスカー防止方法 |
US20070238283A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Novel under-bump metallization for bond pad soldering |
JP4522970B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-26 | 2010-08-11 | 日鉱金属株式会社 | ウィスカーが抑制されたCu−Zn合金耐熱Snめっき条 |
EP2032743B1 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2010-10-27 | ATOTECH Deutschland GmbH | Metal plating composition and method for the deposition of copper-zinc-tin suitable for manufacturing thin film solar cell |
US8404160B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2013-03-26 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Metallic ink |
US10231344B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2019-03-12 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Metallic ink |
US8506849B2 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2013-08-13 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Additives and modifiers for solvent- and water-based metallic conductive inks |
US20090286383A1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Treatment of whiskers |
US9730333B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2017-08-08 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Photo-curing process for metallic inks |
US20100000762A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Metallic pastes and inks |
JP2010070838A (ja) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-04-02 | Rohm & Haas Electronic Materials Llc | 金属表面処理水溶液および金属表面のウィスカ抑制方法 |
CN101388350B (zh) * | 2008-10-30 | 2011-02-16 | 常州星海半导体器件有限公司 | Smd贴片二极管的镀锡方法 |
KR101735710B1 (ko) | 2009-03-27 | 2017-05-15 | 어플라이드 나노테크 홀딩스, 인크. | 광 및/또는 레이저 소결을 향상시키기 위한 버퍼층 |
US8422197B2 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2013-04-16 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Applying optical energy to nanoparticles to produce a specified nanostructure |
TWI397614B (zh) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-06-01 | Zhen Ding Technology Co Ltd | 電鍍治具 |
JP5621570B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-11-12 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Snめっき付き導電材及びその製造方法 |
JP5226032B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-23 | 2013-07-03 | Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 | ウィスカーが抑制されたCu−Zn合金耐熱Snめっき条 |
WO2014011578A1 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-16 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Photosintering of micron-sized copper particles |
KR101500858B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-12 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | 전착법을 이용한 주석 박막 및 태양전지 광흡수층용 czts 기반 박막의 제조방법 |
CN104060309A (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 安徽省宁国天成电工有限公司 | 一种金属铜线的表面镀锡方法 |
CN104805479A (zh) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-29 | 四川金湾电子有限责任公司 | 一种功率半导体器件引线框架的表面处理方法 |
CN104900536B (zh) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-02-13 | 四川金湾电子有限责任公司 | 一种半导体引线框架的表面处理方法 |
US9850588B2 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2017-12-26 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Bismuth electroplating baths and methods of electroplating bismuth on a substrate |
CN111276672B (zh) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-07-20 | 苏州大学 | 含锡阵列结构的电极的制备及应用 |
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