TW200402670A - A tiled electro-optic imaging device - Google Patents

A tiled electro-optic imaging device Download PDF

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TW200402670A
TW200402670A TW092112160A TW92112160A TW200402670A TW 200402670 A TW200402670 A TW 200402670A TW 092112160 A TW092112160 A TW 092112160A TW 92112160 A TW92112160 A TW 92112160A TW 200402670 A TW200402670 A TW 200402670A
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imaging device
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Ronald S Cok
Michael E Miller
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
    • H01L27/146—Imager structures
    • H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
    • H01L27/14603—Special geometry or disposition of pixel-elements, address-lines or gate-electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
    • G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
    • G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
    • G02B6/08—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images with fibre bundle in form of plate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/302—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements characterised by the form or geometrical disposition of the individual elements
    • G09F9/3026—Video wall, i.e. stackable semiconductor matrix display modules
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
    • H04N25/41—Extracting pixel data from a plurality of image sensors simultaneously picking up an image, e.g. for increasing the field of view by combining the outputs of a plurality of sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/66—Transforming electric information into light information
    • H04N5/70—Circuit details for electroluminescent devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/18—Tiled displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/13336—Combining plural substrates to produce large-area displays, e.g. tiled displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/02—Composition of display devices
    • G09G2300/026—Video wall, i.e. juxtaposition of a plurality of screens to create a display screen of bigger dimensions

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Description

200402670 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於塊狀電光成像裝置（如顯示器與影像感應 器），更特定言之，係關於改善該等裝置之視覺外觀。 【先前技術】 已知可使用複數個塊來形成電光成像裝置（如平面顯示 器或影像感應器），藉此提升該裝置的尺寸，每個塊都具有 一二維像素陣列，如Seraphim等人在2001年7月17曰公佈的 美國專利第6,262,696號。大型塊狀顯示器亦可使用與較小 顯示器中有關之光纖面板陣列來製造。如Soltan等人於1981 年11月10日公佈的美國專利第4,299,477號所說明，光纖面 板可減少顯示塊之間的邊緣間隙。Matthies等人於1999年8 月19日出版的W0 99/41732中說明一由顯示塊構建之塊狀 顯不裝置’其足義的像素位置直至塊的邊緣。Karel las於 1996年11月5日公佈的美國專利第5,572,034號中說明使用 多個塊以擴大影像感應器尺寸的一範例。 【發明内容】 然而，構建塊狀成像裝置很困難。無論係單獨使用，或 與光纖面板一同使用，任何兩個塊都不可能精確相同，然 而人眼在局部區域對色彩、亮度、對比度的差異卻極度敏 感。藉由校準技術，可以調整顯示器或影像感應器的一致 性與色彩平衡，但操作困難，需要隨時間重新調整，並且 通常調整不充分。此外，由於人眼對筆直的水平或垂直線 非常敏感，因此在塊邊緣間的縫隙異常醒目。 934 85137 200402670 平面塊的裝配同樣存在問題。 裯，祕业從- 口口、，丄 口，、视縫隙有關的問 遽塊狀顯不為必須在極高的精度下仔知世κ 土 Λ. . 仔、、，田裝配。此方法昂 貝、緩k ,且產品安裝後如果沒有 十也十 ^ 又’杯用叩貴的框架或托架 來士背，則Μ等產品傾向於隨時間逐漸偏離對齊位置。 因此，需要-種塊狀電光成像裝置，其可降低塊不一致 處與塊缝隙之可視性’並可提升塊的機械裝配。 ，依據本發明，藉由提供__包括兩個或多個塊的塊狀電光 成像裝置，每個塊都有一二維像素陣列並至少有一非線性 邊緣，該等塊係邊對邊對齊，使各塊中的像素可沿該非線 性邊緣指狀交錯，從而降低非線性邊緣的可視性，並提高 裝置的視覺一致性。 本發明之優點在於可降低塊間隙的可視性，提高各塊的 外觀一致性，並有利於電光成像裝置内各塊的機械對齊。 【實施方式】 參考圖1，一採用先前技術之電光成像裝置（顯示器或影 像感應器）8包含一兩行兩列的塊陣列i 〇，其具有邊緣丨4以 及像素陣列1 6。該等塊1 〇的邊緣1 4對齊，以在該等塊的邊 緣1 4與該等陣列1 6之最後一列或行像素之間產生缝隙12。 (為清楚說明，圖1未按比例繪製）。因為邊緣縫隙12係筆直 的缝隙（水平或垂直）且具有與像素的列或行相同的方向， 所以人眼容易看到。此外，該等塊之間的細微差別，如顏 色、亮度、靈敏度或雜訊都易於被人眼看到。依據本發明， 藉由使該等塊的邊緣為非線性，即可改善該成像裝置之感 知性能，使相鄰塊上的像素沿非線性邊緣指狀交錯，從而 85137 200402670 降低非線性邊緣的可視性，並提高該裝置的視覺一致性。 此外，邊緣之指狀交錯方便了該裝置中塊的機械對齊。 參考圖2 ’顯示依據本發明之一項具體實施例的具有邊緣 結構之一塊。在圖2中，塊1 〇的四條邊係非線性邊，且像素 1 6的列與行具有階梯狀圖案。此外，每個塊之對邊24與％ 的像素行與列具有互補之形式，因此每一塊邊上的行與列 可如圖3所示指狀交錯。參考圖3，四個塊丨〇排列成一規則 的像素陣列1 6 ’其在塊邊緣之像素指狀交錯。塊邊緣處的 此種像素指狀交錯有多個好處。首先，由於該塊縫隙並非 筆直，人眼不易發現，所以降低了塊缝隙的可見性。其次， 兩相鄰塊像素間的指狀交錯模糊了該等塊間一致性的差 異。再次，由於邊的階梯狀使各塊相對鎖定於適當的位置， 故而該等塊的邊之間不再發生相對滑動。此外，由於該等 塊相對鎖定於特定位置，故可更容易地在裝置内裝配。 圖4顯示使像素可指狀交錯的塊之另一組態，其優點為： 在轉角處的邊緣欄標以更多的材料連接。 申請者已借助受試者在CRT顯示器進行了測試，以模擬 依據本發明的塊狀顯示裝置，結果表明塊間的指狀交錯邊 緣能將可察覺塊間整體一致性差異的臨界值提高百分之五 十’並可將邊緣縫隙的可見性降低50%。 依據本發明，在一多塊裝置中的每一塊之對邊24與26都 具有一互補的圖案，因此各塊可以沿著該等邊緣之指狀交 錯像素放置在一起。在多塊裝置之邊緣上的塊沒有筆直邊 緣’故邊緣行或列上會有缺失像素。該等邊緣可使用一框 85137 200402670 架來遮蔽，以模糊該等非線性的外邊4者，可在特殊邊 緣或轉角塊上製作一或多個傳統的筆直邊緣。 儘管會缺失像素’但科該等塊的像素控制機構無需修 改，裝置中正常存在的列與行控制亦可正常操作。在一顯 不裝置中，每一塊皆與其相鄰各塊存在資訊重疊，因此相 鄰塊中存在資訊相同的邊緣列與邊緣行。參考圖3，相鄰塊 藉由一行或列像素4 4重疊。如此可使整個顯示器中列與行 的總數減少重疊總數。 塊邊緣可以有不同的形狀。可使用多個像素深度之較深 階梯，如圖5所示。參考圖5，該等塊包含一階梯邊，其由 兩行或兩列像素44重疊。該方法可延伸至更大的重疊，缝 隙隱藏與外觀的塊一致性可得到改善，但代價為需要更多 重疊的列或行。 同樣的邊緣像素配置可以使用其他形狀的邊緣。例如， 圖6與7分別說明三角形與正弦曲線形的邊緣。所有此等以 及其他實體形狀都適用於一階梯狀像素配置。指狀交錯的 範圍可以大於一列或一行像素，正如圖8所示。 該非線性邊緣形狀可與設計用來固定塊陣列的框架5 2中 的顯示器邊緣互補，如圖9所示。 參考圖1 0，依據本發明在該裝置中具有非線性邊之該等 塊可相互偏移，以進一步模糊塊縫隙。參考圖11，該等塊 同樣可傾斜，使該等邊緣非水平或非垂直，以進一步模糊 該等縫隙。例如，如圖10所示，該等塊可以傾斜45度。 參考圖12，該等塊1 〇的後侧包括插塞1 00，其與該等塊中 -9- 85137 33? 200402670 用以像素定址之導體（未顯示）電連接。該等塊丨0皆彼此鄰 接安裝於一電路板102上，該電路板具有一插座陣列1〇4用 於可移除式接納插塞1 〇〇。或者，可採用熟知的表面安裝技 術將該等塊10安裝在電路板102的表面上。 在上述具體實施例中，該等塊10包括一基板，其上形成 有像素1 6，該基板的邊緣係非線性且在裝配的裝置内呈指 狀交錯。或者，該等塊丨〇可採用傳統的筆直側面來構建， 使用影像擴展光纖面板使該等塊邊緣處的像素指狀交錯。 圖13顯示一具有基板60與一光纖面板62的塊1〇之側視圖。 該光纖面板包括複數個光纖（或光管）64( 一或多個光纖 66)。當從離基板最遠的面板側觀察時’光纖面板62擴展了 其底部基板外觀的\與y尺寸。具有光纖面板的該等塊並排 排列’使該等光纖面板的外側邊緣可彼此緊密鄰接，且在 底部基板之間留有空間以容納安裝與電子元件。 在一項具體實施例中，如圖13所示，該等光纖64具有相 同的直徑，且光纖之間的區域充滿了不透明的填充物，如 黑色¥氧樹脂。一用以構建此種光纖面板的方法係在一可 確足光纖最終位置的时架中固定其兩端，並用環氧樹脂 澆鑄使其固足在此。或者，該光纖可為錐形，其窄端與像 素鄰接，寬端則在光纖面板的外表面處。 圖14為說明從上方觀看到的基板6〇與光纖面板Q的輪廓 之示意圖，顯示了光纖面板的非線性邊與底部直邊的基板 (虚、泉表7F )。底部邊緣像素在影像擴展光纖面板上表面的 外觀&置用實線圓來表示’其來自該等像素在基板上的底
85137 200402670 部位置，由虛線圓來表示。標有x的邊緣像素係未使用的邊 緣像素。該裝置藉由忽略標有X的像素來操作。在顯示器的 情形中，未使用的像素可驅動，亦可不驅動。在影像感應 器的情形中，將忽略邊緣處未使用像素發出的信號。在驅 動具有影像擴展光纖面板的塊狀顯示器時，該等塊10所採 用的影像信號係如同藉由沿相鄰邊的一或多個像素重疊該 等塊後所得。 參考圖15，該等塊上的電連接係由該等塊1〇的後侧之多 個導體70提供，個別塊1〇係安裝在電路板”上。該電路板 72包括介面電路74與用於該等塊與介面電路之間的電連接 之連接器76。在一項較佳具體實施例中，該裝置為一有機 發光一極體（〇rganic Light Emitting diode; OLED)顯示裝 置，每一塊在其基板後侧都有一密封蓋板，多個導電體7〇 中包括一附著於基板6〇上的彈性電纜，且該密封蓋板係附 著於電路板72上。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為說明一採用先前技術之塊狀電光成像裝置之示意 圖； 圖2為依據本發明之一項具體實施例之電光成像裝置中 一塊的輪靡示意圖； 圖3為依據本發明之一項具體實施例之塊狀電光成像裝 置的示意圖； 圖4為依據本發明之另一項具體實施例之電光成像裝置 中塊的輪廓示意圖； 998 85137 -11 - 200402670 圖為依據本發明的另一項具體實施例之塊狀電光成像 裝置示意圖； 圖6為依據本發明的另一項具體實施例之塊邊緣不意圖， 圖7為依據本發明的另一項具體實施例之媿邊緣示思圖， 圖8為依據本發明的另一項具體實施例之塊邊緣示意圖； 圖9為依據本發明之用於固定塊的框架的邊緣之不思圖， 圖1〇為依據本發明之裝置内塊偏移的示意圖； 圖11為依據本發明之裝置内塊旋轉45度的爭意圖； 圖12為依據本發明之複數個裝配在一板上的塊之示意 圖； 圖13為依據本發明之具有影像擴展光纖面板媿的裝置之 示意圖； 圖14為說明圖13中所示之光纖面板的輪廓之系意圖， 圖1 5為一顯示器内複數個塊的示意圖。 QQ1 85137 【圖式代表符號說明】 8 電光成像裝置 10 塊 12 縫隙 14 邊緣 16 像素陣列 24 塊邊緣 26 塊邊緣 44 重疊的行或列 52 框架 基板 光纖面板 光纖 像素 多個導體 電路板 介面電路 連接器 插塞 電路板 插座 -13-

Claims (1)

  1. 200402670 拾、申請專利範園： 1 · 一種塊狀電光成像裝置，其包括：兩個或多個塊，每個 塊都具有一二維像素陣列以及至少一非線性邊緣，該等 塊係邊對邊對齊，使該等塊中的像素可沿該非線性邊緣 指狀交錯，從而降低該非線性邊緣的可視性，並提高該 裝置的視覺一致性。 2· 一種製造一塊狀電光成像裝置的方法，其步驟包括··提 供複數個塊，每個塊都具有一二維像素陣列以及至少一 非線性邊緣；以及邊對邊排列該等塊，使該等塊中的像 素可沿該非線性邊緣指狀交錯，從而降低該祚線性邊緣 的可視性，並提高該裝置的視覺一致性。 85137
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US20030234343A1 (en) 2003-12-25
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