SU938833A1 - Method of forming grapevine for half-covered zone - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD OF FORMATION OF A VINE OF GRAPES FOR A SEMI-DISKING ZONE

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The invention relates to agriculture, particularly viticulture, and can be used in agricultural cultivation of grapes on European varieties in transitional areas (from unopened to sheltered for winter) crops and on European-Amur varieties in northern areas of industrial viticulture.

For areas with partial winter damage to vineyards, the Bologna KSHI-2 double-sided combined cordon is known. According to this method of forming a grape bush, the structural elements of the aerial part of the bushes are divided into two groups. The first group includes the shtamb and shoulders of a cordon or sleeves with fruit links. The boom is tied up vertically, and the shoulders of the cordon or sleeves with fruit links are placed along the third racking wire. The second group includes the surface base, which is formed in the lower part of the bush and which consists of short sleeves with arrows cropped into 3-5 eyes. The sleeves are stirred horizontally on a racking wire at a height of up to 20 cm from the surface of the soil.

The essence of this method is that the first group of structural elements is not covered for the winter, and the second

Group 5 after harvesting is covered by hilling the bases of bushes with a shaft of the earth up to 40-45 cm. In the spring after opening, in the case of good preservation of the first group of structural elements, pruning is carried out

10, taking into account the main burden of harvest on this part of the bush. The lower (reserve) part is cut for short knots, i.e. 4-6 eyes. In those cases when the first group of structural elements is severely damaged by frost,

 it is removed. The main load of the crop is placed on the lower reserve part. At the same time, the first group of structural elements 1 is restored from a knot or a shoal of shoots.

A disadvantage of the known method of forming bushes is that in case of severe winter damages, it does not ensure quick recovery of damaged parts of the bushes. Formation is restored, as a rule, for the 2nd and 3rd years. In addition, a significant part of the crop in such formations is located very low from the ground, which does not satisfy the requirements of vibratory harvesting machines. There is a known method of forming bushes for areas with bushes partially covered for the winter. The known shaping includes a double-sided horizontal cordon with a shtambe height of 1.0-1.2 mm and a lower rus, the basis of which is based on the sleeveless principle, i.e., creating two fruit links directly at the base of the shtambu, each vines and knot substitutions 2. A disadvantage of the known method is that if it is necessary to replace the uncovered part of the bushes with the reserve vines, the fruit unit first of all does not provide a quick recovery of the lost part of the bush and widely regarded as one crop load. As a result, it takes at least two years to restore the deleted first group of structural elements. In addition, the yield of stands is sharply reduced in the year of its removal. Later in the year of the restoration of the bushes, when the crop is compensated for by the fruitfulness of the reserve rus, located at a height of 15-20 cm from the soil surface, such a low crop location limits the possibility of harvesting technical varieties using a vibratory harvesting machine. A known method of forming a grapevine for a semi-covering zone consists in forming a basic and flexible stem. The method provides for preserving the main and reserve trunk for the winter and removing the trunk that has been frozen out or damaged by necrosis, and in case of removal of the main trunk, annual shoots of replacement are formed on the reserve. In case the reserve valve is not used to replace the main trunk, it is annually removed. This method involves placing an uncovered fruit shank on the first leg of the support, and a spare trunk with arrows and a knot of restoration at the base of the bush on a special guide leash fixed at one end at the base of the bush and at an angle to the first racking wire of the trellis 3. However In case of freezing of the main trunk, the bush's productivity is not fully restored in the replacement year due to the fact that the reserve boom (not older than two years of age) due to poor development has insufficient number of vines to fully replace the remote part of the bush; annual replacement of the reserve trunk at the base of the bush with young vines leads to a strong development of early necrosis, premature aging of the bushes, and, as a result, to a loss of productivity and a reduction in plant life; It is almost impossible to place a reserve bole with vines and shoots from the knot of restoration on the guide leash, since there is no special version for locating the vines grown on the stand. The first strand wire is occupied by the shoots of the main trunk with the harvest, which impairs the ability of the air and nutrient regime of the vineyard, one of the strong shoots of the restoration bitch is used for the annual restoration of the reserve trunk. This, firstly, increases the volume of green operations (debris, pinching, etc.), and secondly, it is not always possible to grow strong shoots from the restoration bitch, which increases the risk share; the metal intensity of the trellis increases due to the installation of a guide rod of expensive rolled wire at each bush; the possibility of mechanizing the passage of bushes and the harvest of grapes is limited. The first is due to the fact that the machines currently used for opening the machine using the air flow will blow the reserve boom with the guide leash into the adjacent aisle, and the lack of flexibility of the boom due to the leash attached to it prevents it from coming back p yes This will lead to significant additional costs for extracting a part of the bushes. Secondly, the presence of a guide leash eliminates the possibility of using promising vibration-type harvesting machines, so that when the bushes are shaken with whips, the leash can be detached from the shpaler. The purpose of the invention is to quickly restore the bushes of grapes in frost damage while maintaining the productivity of the bushes. The goal is achieved by the fact that the reserve bridge is formed by perennial and equal in length to the height of the main trunk, the vines of the main trunk being formed on the upper wire, and the reserve on the bottom wire. FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show the pattern of grapevine formation by year. The diagram shows a trellis 1, a grape bush 2, a stake 3, a bridge 4, shoulders 5 of the cordon, sleeve 6, knots 7 sleeves, knots 8 of the cordon, fruit links 9, the angle of inclination of the sleeve to the stem. In the text and on the diagram, additionally is the height b | the first wire is used (60 cm from the ground), the height hz of the second wire (110 cm from the ground), the height hj of the third wire (160 cm from the ground) and the height h4 of the temporary wire (15 cm from the ground). An example of the method. In the year of laying grapes create conditions for good development of the root system. For the winter, the heads of the bushes are spud. In the second year in the spring, a trellis 1 is installed in the vineyard (Fig. 1) and in each bush 2 an individual number 3 ensures the formation of a direct trunk. The trellis poles are visited by a racking wire: the first wire at a height h, - 60 cm from the ground, the second at hj - 110 cm, the third expediently paired at hj - 160 cm, the fourth temporary one at h - 15 cm. with the use of covering one-sided half-rolling forms. In the same spring, the bushes are pruned into one knot with 2-3 eyes. In this year, there are two strong shoots that grow up vertically. When the shoots reach the second racking wire h2. (PO cm), they are pinched and, thus, both shoots are the same length. Pinching causes the formation of stepsons. All stepchildren on both shoots, except for the top two, break off. In the fall, one of the shoots is left on a pedestal and not covered. In the future, a stump 4 is formed from it. The left unbroken stepchildren are placed horizontally in opposite directions on the second-shelf wire, forming the next 5 shoulders of a cordon. From the second, lower, escape, a backup sleeve 6 is formed, in the fall it is released from the support and pinned to the ground, after which it is covered with a rounding method. In the spring of the third year, on the uncovered shtambe, 4 shoulders of the 5 cordons are cut to the full ripened length (in the upper cut, the diameter of the shoot must be at least 6 mm) and tie in opposite directions on the second wire Lz (110 cm). The arrows, formed from two non-broken walking shoots at the end of sleeve 6, are cut into 2 knots 7 with 3-4 eyes each and tied obliquely at an acute angle cX. to shtambu 4 in the direction of future covering, to the temporary wire H4 15 cm. The angle o1 is 40-50 °. On parts of the rows, for example, on 10 rows of a vineyard divided into pens, the sleeves are directed in one direction, and in the next 10 rows in the opposite direction. This makes it possible in the autumn to cover the sleeves released from the wire with arc grating machines, portal tractors or the synchronous operation of two tractors. All eyes on shtamba 4 and sleeve 6 are blinded to the first branches. On the future shoulders of the 5th cordon, the lower eyes are also blinded. On knots 7 sleeves 6 grow 3-4 strong shoots. In the fall, the sleeve with 3-4 vines, trimmed with 12–14 eyes, is freed from the wire, lowered to the ground and covered for the winter with arc grabber, portal tractor, etc. Temporary wire h. transferred to a height hj (160 cm), where it remains constant. In the spring of the fourth year (Fig. 2), shoots on the shoulders 5 of the uncovered part of the bushes are cut into knots 8 with 3-4 eyes each to form fruit links. Extreme shoots can be used for lengthening the shoulders 5 of the cordon. Pruning on sleeves 6 is again performed on 2 knots 7 with 3-5 eyes each and in the same year 5-6 strong shoots are grown on them. The developed shoots on the shtambe 4 and on the sleeve 6 are removed before the first branches. At the base of the bush, you can leave a single shoots shoots (not shown), which is cut in the fall by the length of the sleeve each year. Sleeve 6 with 5-6 arrows 7, cut by 12-16 holes each, is freed from the wire and together with the shoots shoots lowered to the ground and covered. In the spring of that year, fruit links 9 are formed on the shoulders 6 of the cordon, 2 knots 7 again remain on the sleeve. Each spring, after a successful wintering season, the coppice shoot is removed. On this formation of the bush for semi-covering culture of grapes complete. In subsequent years, under favorable winter conditions, pruning was carried out similarly to the fall of the fourth and spring of that year, placing the main load with eyes and shoots on the shoulders of the cordon. In winter, shtambons 4 and cordless shoulders are left uncovered, and sleeve 6 with arrows is covered. In case of severe frost damage to the winter part of the bush (trunk 4, shoulders 5) in any year of its formation, it is cut off, and the backup sleeve is lifted and tied to an individual stake 3, knots 7 with 5-6 vines are connected to the wire (PO cm). The length of the sleeve is equal to the height of the trunk, and the inclined placement of the sleeve on the wire facilitates its translation into a vertical position. Thus, the shtambon is formed already in the same year at the expense of a fully developed reserve hose, which ensures rapid restoration of the hive and allows it to preserve its yield. To replace the sleeve that replaces the trunk, use a coppice shoot, cutting it to the length of the sleeve (BY-120 cm) and holding the head obliquely to the shelf wire h, –60 cm. Lower eyes at

Claims (1)

Claim A method of forming a grape bush for a semi-covering zone, including the formation of a non-covering main stem and a covering reserve stem, which is formed in the form of a sleeve inclined at an acute angle to the main stem, characterized in that, in order to quickly restore the bushes during frost damage while maintaining the productivity of the bushes, the reserve The stem is formed by perennial and equal in length to the height of the main stem, and the vines of the main stem are formed on the upper wire, and the reserve on the lower wire.