SK282815B6 - Process and facility for drying and/or baking raw bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

A process is disclosed for drying and/or baking raw bricks. Each raw brick (2) is arranged per se on a transport means for drying (12) and/or baking (20) at such a distance from the other raw bricks that all raw bricks react as individual bricks during drying and/or baking. The facility (8) and brick-kiln (9) are arranged one next to another. In a drying facility (8) the dies (15) for air inlet and dies (16) for air outlet are arranged alternately. The distance (A) between longitudinal rows (3) arranged in direction (T) of transport (12, 20) is more than the distance (b) among the vertical rows, so that between the longitudinal rows (3) there are the canals (K) made aimed at alternate air inlet and outlet. The transport (12) for drying or transport (20) for baking the raw bricks (2) are movable in the same direction, whilst there is created only one incoming area of at least one drying canal (13, 14) or brick-kiln (9). In the drying facility (8) there are alternatively arranged the dies (15) for air inlet and dies (16) for air outlet or in the brick-kiln (9) the burners (25, 42) are arranged in rows.

Description

The invention relates to a method of drying or burning brick blanks, such as transverse perforated brick blanks, wherein the brick blanks are arranged in a single layer in the form of longitudinal and transverse rows on the conveyor and drying is carried out with warm air, the spacing between the brick blanks being such that that all brick blanks are subjected to drying or burning as individual pieces. The invention further relates to an apparatus for drying or firing brick blanks, such as transverse perforated brick blanks, with a drying apparatus having at least one drying channel or a baking furnace with at least one firing channel, wherein at least one drying channel is arranged in such moving conveying means for drying, or at least one firing channel of the firing furnace, means for firing means for storing brick blanks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Until now, the drying of the brick blanks is carried out by placing the brick blanks on a pallet in a plurality of layers on top of each other and feeding them into a drying apparatus. This configuration, which is unsuitable for drying, requires more energy and a longer time to completely dry even the innermost brick, if at all. Also, the firing of the dried brick blanks takes place essentially in this manner and also requires more energy and longer time.

It is known that the brick blank itself has, depending on its chemical, mineralogical and ceramic composition and in its shape, the drying and firing times given by these data, which, however, cannot be shortened by any manipulation.

In order not to exceed this time, a different brick arrangement must be chosen than the one used so far, which has the disadvantages mentioned above, that is to say a single layer arrangement.

DE-C3 27 58 847 discloses an apparatus for the continuous production of burnt brick blanks in which a tunnel dryer and a tunnel baking furnace are arranged one above the other in a building, whereby the blanks pass through a drying device and a blast furnace on a countercurrent basis. The blanks are arranged in a single layer in rows and columns on conveying devices so that warm air can circulate uniformly around them. The blanks remain both for drying and firing on one and the same conveyor device, thus avoiding damage that otherwise occurs when operating with the blanks stacked on top of each other when passing from the drying area to the firing area, so that a number of unslots are minimum.

This device naturally uses carriages sized for the firing area, but which are very expensive to withstand high temperatures, even for the drying phase. The operation of this device is consequently very costly, since the manufacture of trolleys is costly and additional energy is required to transport to the drying area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to minimize the amount of air required for firing or drying and to approach the physical limits of the time required for drying and firing many brick blanks in an automatic plant, given the chemical and ceramic composition and shape of the brick blanks.

Another object of the invention is to substantially reduce energy consumption and air volume to a minimum by making better use of "physical air boundaries". Another object of the invention is to reduce the amount of emissions.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a device for drying and firing brick blanks that is as small as possible compared to known devices, so that the time required to build it is reduced and production costs are reduced, which is maintenance-free and maintenance-free. start-up and run-out times of similar known devices, which can take up to one month to shut down, which entails high costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a method of drying or burning brick blanks, such as transverse perforated brick blanks, wherein the brick blanks are arranged in a single layer in the form of longitudinal and transverse rows on the conveyor and drying is carried out with warm air. according to the invention, the principle being that the spacing between the longitudinal rows arranged in the conveying direction of the vehicle is greater than the spacing between the transverse rows, so that channels serving for alternating supply are formed between the longitudinal rows and exhaust air.

The method according to the invention makes it possible by the above arrangement of brick blanks that the minimum time predetermined by the raw material and shape need not be exceeded either during drying or firing, and the brick blanks are completely dried and fired undamaged in the drying and baking apparatus. the amount of air and the associated minimization of emissions, which in turn results in a reduction in the overall cost of the installation.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the distance of the bricks from one another in one longitudinal row is less than or at most four times the wall thickness of the outer shell of the bricks.

This achieves a symmetrical air flow around the individual brick blanks and avoids the formation of a one-sided suction effect, which could lead to uneven processing of the brick blanks.

It is particularly advantageous here that the cross-section for the passage of air between the individual brick blanks is chosen on all sides around which the air flows approximately equally large.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the brick blanks are arranged with their transverse holes perpendicular to the transport direction or in the transport direction or vertically opposite the transport direction.

Each of these selected directions has particular advantages for the passage of air through and around the brick blank and ensures a quick and complete drying or firing of the brick blank.

It is also particularly advantageous if the embodiment of the arrangement of the brick blanks is chosen to be the same for both drying and firing. In particular, this saves time, since there is no need to change this arrangement when both drying and firing are carried out and the process can be carried out compactly.

SK 282815 Β6

A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the channels are alternately associated with means for blowing air and for extracting air by horizontally arranged transverse holes.

Also, this air duct and the closely connected air flow direction through the transverse holes guarantee an advantageous and complete drying of the brick blanks, since the brick blanks are completely air-flowed and bypassed.

Advantageously, even when firing brick blanks, hot air coming from the burners is blown into the channels between the brick blanks, and combustion air can also be supplied to the brick blanks from the side in order to achieve even faster firing. This blowing in and out of the air is suitable, of course, in particular when the transverse holes of the brick blanks are arranged in the direction of transport of the vehicle or perpendicular thereto.

In the arrangement of the bricks with transverse holes vertically opposite to the conveying direction, the air or hot gas streams are preferably guided in the opposite rows of bricks during drying or firing through the transverse holes.

Advantageously, the opposite streams of air or hot gas in adjacent rows of brick blanks are guided through transverse holes.

Here, at least two rows of brick blanks are flowed through the same air, preferably drying air or a hot gas stream flows through a plurality of longitudinal rows of brick blanks, preferably in one complete transport cycle.

According to the invention, the drying and firing is carried out on the same conveyor device, which is particularly important for loading and unloading bricks, since this operation makes it possible to monitor these processes from one place and by a single person.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the drying air or the hot gases coming from the burners are partially conditioned.

Since, according to the invention, each brick group of the whole group is processed as a single piece, it is possible to work with less air and make better use of it, that is to say it can be wetter up to 10 to 20% below the dew point. In terms of degree of saturation, it can be approached up to the physical boundaries of the air.

The method is now carried out in such a way that the drying channel is divided into sections or areas, for example one area corresponding to one carriage. The air used for one area is prepared in a mixing chamber, into which the pre-humidified air and the hot air from the rear are supplied, which are mixed together.

In this way, air consumption is reduced and, as a result, emissions are reduced.

Partial conditioning is naturally also used for firing, so that lower temperatures can be used, since the appropriate temperatures may be close to the minimum required to achieve the overall firing of the brick blanks.

Therefore, a continuous longitudinal flow through the furnace ducts is avoided, which occurs according to the known methods, preferably creating areas in which cross-flow predominates.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the drying air or the hot gases from the burners are supplied from both ends of one of the air inlet or outlet ducts or of the hot gas, the inlet velocities of the incoming drying air or hot gases being supplied to the opposite ends of the ducts.

In this way it is possible to control the air flow rate by arranging the brick blanks and this flow can also be preselected in certain areas.

The object is further accomplished by a device for drying or burning brick blanks, such as transverse perforated brick blanks, with a drying device having at least one drying channel or a baking furnace with at least one firing channel, wherein at least one drying channel is arranged in such moving conveying means for drying or in at least one firing channel of a firing furnace are arranged firing means for storing brick blanks according to the invention, the principle being that at least one drying channel or firing furnace is arranged side by side, and that the conveying means for drying or the means for firing the brick blanks are movable in the same direction, with only one inlet region of the at least one drying channel or firing furnace being formed, and wherein the drying means are To the left, the air supply nozzles and the air exhaust nozzles or the baking furnace are arranged in rows in burners.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, two drying channels are arranged one above the other in the drying device and two firing channels separated from one another in the baking furnace.

According to a further preferred embodiment, there is arranged under one or both drying channels a device for recirculating the loaded conveying means for drying and parallel to it, but outside the firing furnace, for recirculating the loaded conveying means for firing.

The direction of movement of the vehicle predetermined according to the invention advantageously allows the operator to be placed on only one side of the device, and therefore, as simple as loading monitoring, as well as the unloading of the dried brick blanks onto the vehicle for firing. The breakage of the brick blank is easy to detect. The already fired brick blanks can be cooled during the return transport. According to this embodiment, the packaging site of the brick blanks is also provided on this side of the device and thus lies in the field of view of the operators, the number of which can be substantially reduced.

The means of transport for brick blanks may consist of trolleys, belts, air cushions or pipes.

The firing means has a floor for receiving the brick blanks, with guide devices arranged between the brick blanks, which taper towards the channel cover and form a substantially inverted letter V.

By means of these guiding devices, preferably made of chamotte, the air flow is controlled, this arrangement being particularly advantageous when the transverse holes are arranged in the direction of transport or perpendicular thereto.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, suction or discharge bodies are arranged at a distance from one another in the upper part of the drying device, which suction or discharge bodies can be immersed and lifted again in the direction of the channels between the brick blanks.

According to the invention, the suction or discharge bodies themselves are designed as rectangular hollow bodies, provided with an air intake duct or a suction duct arranged in their upper part, which are provided with openings for air inlet and outlet on opposite side surfaces.

By this arrangement, another possibility of direct flow through the transverse holes is achieved.

According to a further preferred embodiment, a cover is provided above the brick blanks, which is provided with slots for the passage of the suction or delivery bodies.

According to a further preferred embodiment, nozzles for supplying and extracting air during drying or firing burners are provided in each conveying cycle in the area of the channels between the brick blanks to form an air wall or a wall of hot gases. This also guarantees an advantageous flow through the transverse holes and uniform drying or firing of the blanks.

In the arrangement of the transverse holes vertically to the conveying direction, preferably the floor of the drying means is arranged adjacent to the passages so that two intermediate bricks of one longitudinal row are arranged side by side with their peripheral portions on the bridges between the passages. the floor equipped with these passages are alternately arranged air intake and exhaust devices, and that recesses corresponding to said passages are provided in the upper part of the drying device, two such recesses each being connected to one another for guiding air through the air.

The air blown from below through the transverse holes of the brick blanks flows through recesses in the upper part of the drying duct, of which two adjacent recesses are always connected together so that the air is reversed and flows through the transverse bores of an adjacent row of brick blanks.

Preferably, the air inlet is provided on both sides from the side of the drying channel, and the inlet air flow rates of both of these inlets are variable.

By varying the input speeds, the air beam can be freely moved along the channel width.

According to the invention, the conveying means which pass through the drying channel or the firing channel are guided in close succession in order to utilize the entire capacity of the device, the channels passing in a conveying cycle, for example in the range of 5 to 10 minutes.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the firing means is provided with a bottom with passages arranged such that the bricks of one longitudinal row of bricks are arranged side by side with their edge portions lying on the remaining bridges between the passages. and that in the firing channel above the brick blanks there is a cover allowing the air to be reversed. The burners used are preferably so-called burners. high-speed burners, which can be switched on or off in a short time without regeneration or without a break.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover is designed as corrugated, wherein one wave always extends over two adjacent rows of brick blanks.

In this way, the flow of hot gases through two rows of brick blanks is also ensured, similar to the reversal of air during drying. Advantageously, the gas stream even runs through all the rows of one transport tract.

According to the invention, the firing means may be provided with a solid bottom provided with receiving elements for brick blanks.

According to another embodiment, an air supply tube is provided in the upper region of one or both of the drying channels, provided with an air outlet slot and rotatable about its axis.

By this embodiment, it is also possible to control the air outlet direction.

The device according to the invention is advantageously provided with a common emission source for both the drying device and the baking furnace on the inlet side of the means of drying or firing in the device.

As a result, the number of emission sources per one is reduced in comparison with known plants having special emission sources for both the drying channel and the firing channel. This can be done in particular because the loading into the ducts takes place only from one side and, depending on the design of the plant, the emission sources are always arranged on the loading side.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the device on the inlet side of the drying or firing means is equipped with a tandem feeder, wherein the dried and fired brick blanks routed back at the lowest level by the respective return lines of the devices are movable together.

In this case, the reclaimed fired blanks are arranged at the lowest level in front of the firing channel and the dried and fired groups of brick blanks are moved together by the tandem feeder, the dried brick blanks then pass through the firing channel and the fired brick blanks are fed to the packaging station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an arrangement of brick blanks on a vehicle, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of part of the arrangement of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows schematically a device according to the invention, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a drying device of the apparatus of FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the two firing channels of FIG. 3, FIG. 6 shows a suction or discharge body of the device according to the invention, FIG. 7 shows a cross-section through an arrangement of brick blanks, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the upper part of the duct with the air supply pipe; FIG. 9a shows a schematic longitudinal section through an embodiment of a drying channel, FIG. 9b is a plan view of the air supply duct of the drying channel; FIG. 10 is a schematic longitudinal section through an exemplary embodiment of a firing channel; and FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention with a tandem feeder.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 1 shows a carriage 12, 20 in the form of a carriage, in which brick blanks 2 for drying and firing are arranged in longitudinal rows 3 in one layer. Preferably, transverse perforated brick blanks 2 are used, wherein the transverse holes 4 of the brick blanks 2 are arranged perpendicular to the transport direction T or in the transport direction T of the conveying means 12, 20 or vertically thereto. In FIG. 2 shows a transverse perforated brick blank 2 with transverse holes 4 arranged perpendicular to the transport direction T. The transverse holes 1 themselves are of varying size with cross-sections of spherical to slit shape. Between the longitudinal rows 3 of the brick blanks 2, channels K are preferably provided for the supply and exhaust of air as well as for the injection of hot gases. The brick blanks 2 of one longitudinal row 3 are spaced b apart, which is less than or equal to four times the wall thickness B of the outer shell of the transverse perforated brick blanks 2, but is preferably smaller.

By this arrangement, in which the spacing b of the brick blanks 2 of one longitudinal row 3 is relatively small relative to the spacing of the longitudinal rows 3, the flow losses are small. The air supplied for the drying of the blanks 2 flows as shown in FIG. 4 into each second channel K between the longitudinal rows 1 of the brick blanks 2 and is pushed out of these channels K in particular by the transverse holes 4 and sucked again after leaving the adjacent channel K. Therefore, alternating blowing in and exhausting of the air takes place. During firing, according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the hot gas coming from the burners into the channels K. The brick blanks 2 lie in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, 4 and 5 on 5 trolley floors. However, belts, air cushions or pipes can equally well be used as vehicles 1 for brick blanks 2. Irrespective of the type of vehicle 1, it is of particular importance that the blanks 2 are flowed uniformly from all sides and also flowed. In particular, the solution b of this invention is achieved in that the distance b of the brick blanks 2 in one longitudinal row 3 is less than or at most four times the wall thickness B of the transverse perforated brick blanks 2 (FIG. 2). This prevents excess air from flowing through this part, since, for example, the suction effect is suppressed. In the case that the conveying means 12, 20 is designed as a carriage, it is equipped as shown in FIG. 4, laterally arranged wheels 6, which follow the rails 2 arranged in the drying channel 13, 14 of the drying device 8. In FIG. 5 shows the conveying trolleys in the firing channels 9a, 9b, which are provided on the underside with wheels 6 which run along rails 7 arranged at the bottom of each firing channel 9a, 9b.

Said arrangement of bricks 2 ensures that all brick blanks 1 are subjected to drying or firing as if they were individually subjected to these processes.

In FIG. 3 shows the whole apparatus for drying and burning brick blanks 2. The apparatus comprises a treatment plant 10 and a reservoir 11, in which both the raw material is mixed and then wet brick blanks 2 are produced by means of an extruder and a cutting machine. The drying device 8 is preferably constructed as a multi-storey and consists, as shown in FIG. 4, of two drying channels 13, 14 arranged one above the other, in which the conveying means 12 are guided in two directions in one direction. Advantageously, the conveying cycle in which the conveying means 12 are moved forward is in the range of 5 to 10 minutes, that is to say that in this period one cart with finished brick blanks 2 leaves the drying channel 13, 14 and one new cart is inserted into the drying channel 13,14, the bars of the two drying channels 13,14 being offset from one another. Each drying channel 13, 14 is shown in FIG. 4 is provided with a plurality of air inlet nozzles 15 and air outlet nozzles 15, the air being blown into the channel K formed between the longitudinal rows 3 and exhausted again from the adjacent channel K. In this way, rows of air walls 15a, 16a are formed. Under the two drying channels 11, 14 arranged one above the other there is one device 17 for guiding the loaded transport means 12. The described embodiment of the drying channel 13, 14 is particularly suitable for arranging brick blanks 2 with transverse holes 4 aligned or perpendicular to the conveying direction T . In the arrangement of the transverse holes 4, the vertical direction of the conveying direction T, whereby two optional variants are logically available, corresponds to the construction shown in FIG. 9a. Upon leaving the drying ducts 13, 14, the conveying means 12 are lowered by the lowering device 18 and transported by the conveying device 17 to the inlet side of the drying device 8. During this return conveying, the completely undried brick blanks 2 are not yet dried. unforeseeable circumstances, such as a not quite correct recipe, will dry. A monitoring station 19 is provided on the front side of the device, which must preferably be occupied by only one person, which preferably monitors the end of both drying and firing by unilateral observation.

The dried brick blanks 2 of each conveying means 12 exiting the return line device 17 are transferred to another firing means 20. The baking furnace 9 preferably also consists of two baking channels 9a, 9b arranged one above the other. The firing channels 9a, 9b are in the case shown in FIG. 5, which is suitable for firing brick blanks 2 with transverse holes 4 arranged in the transport direction T or perpendicular thereto, provided with ceiling burners 25 to which a gas supply 26 is connected. The ceiling burners 25 are evenly distributed over the area by small burners and are preferably oriented into the firing channels 9a, 9b. The ceiling burners 25 are further connected to an air fan 27 for combustion air. As shown in FIG. 5, these ceiling burners 25 can also be arranged on the sides of the firing channels 9a, 9b. This arrangement guarantees practically total firing.

Upon exit of the conveying means 20 from the baking furnace 9, they are lowered by means of a lowering device 21 which also moves it laterally and then transported by a return device 22 arranged parallel to, but outside, the tunnel furnace 9 This recirculation device 22 is advantageous in particular because the fired brick blanks 2 have sufficient cooling time.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the firing means 20 may have a full floor, in which case there are bearing elements 21 for receiving the bricks 2 on the full floor.

Into the packaging station 23 arranged at the end of the device 22 for guiding the means of transport 20, i.e. the brick blanks 2, are already relatively cold and can be packaged without any problems.

The air supply via the air walls 15a, 16a shown in FIG. 4, represents only one possible embodiment.

It is possible, for example, to use suction or delivery bodies 28, as shown in FIG. 6, to which air is supplied by the air duct 29, or which again exhaust the air exiting the brick blanks 2. These suction or discharge bodies 28 are designed as hollow bodies and can be immersed in the channels K between the longitudinal rows 1 of the brick blanks 2 and lifted again therefrom. The suction or delivery bodies 28 are further provided with a plurality of outlet openings 30 through which air drying is forced out on both sides of the suction or delivery bodies 28 through the transverse holes 4 of the brick blanks 2 and exhausted again in the adjacent longitudinal row 3. According to a preferred embodiment, these suction or delivery bodies 28 are arranged perpendicular to the conveying direction T and must therefore be lifted again from the channels K when the trolleys are moved one more cycle from the channels K.

Further, an embodiment is shown schematically in FIG. 7, in which guide devices 31 are arranged in a row between the brick blanks 2, which taper upwardly and thereby cause the air flowing out of the nozzle 32 in the direction of the inverted letter V. This controlled air ducting ensures optimum flow of the brick blanks. The high firing temperatures of the brick blanks 2 are preferably made of fireclay.

Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 8, in which an air supply pipe 33 is shown, which is provided on its underside with a slot 34 through which air is blown onto the brick blanks 2. The air supply tube 33 is rotatable about its axis and can therefore include a limited portion of the brick blanks 2.

Preferably, a cover 35 is arranged above the brick blanks 2 in the firing channel 9a, 9b to minimize incoming air losses. This cover 35 is provided with slots to provide air inlet and outlet.

If the arrangement of the brick blanks 1, as mentioned above, with the transverse holes 4 vertically opposite the conveying direction T is carried out now, the embodiment of the drying device 8 or the baking furnace 9 shown in FIG. 9a, 9b and 10.

In FIG. 9a shows a cross-section through a drying channel 13, 14 in the conveying direction T, wherein the brick blanks 2 are supported on a conveyor which is provided with side-by-side passages 36, the bricks 2 with their edge portions resting on bridges 37 between the passages 36. the means of transport are selected such that the passages 36, at rest, reach exactly above the blowing device 38 or the suction device 39 arranged at the bottom of the drying channels 13, 14. Air is blown from the blowing device 38 into the transverse holes 4 of the brick blanks 2 and is guided through recesses 40 arranged above the passages 36 in the cover of the drying channel 13, 14. Each of these two recesses 40 are connected together by one channel 41. its passage through the transverse holes 4 of the adjacent row of brick blanks 2 again downwards and its entrance from the suction device 39.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9a, the blowing devices 38 and the suction device 39 are arranged alternately. Preferably, the supply air is used for the whole cycle, that is to say the drying channel 13, 14 is divided into regions, where in the case of excessively humid air - after too many passes - this air is passed by-pass to regeneration. By processing each brick blank 2 of the whole group as a single piece, it is possible to work with a moisture content of up to 10 to 20% below the dew point. Air for one region is conditioned in a mixing chamber (not shown) in terms of humidity and temperature.

In FIG. 9b shows how the air inlet is made. It can be seen here that the air inlet as well as the air outlet are made from both sides of the drying duct 13, 14. Preferably, the air inlet speeds into the two drying ducts 13, 14 are different, so that regulation can be made with respect to the arrangement of the brick blanks 2. .

The firing channel 9a, 9b with the brick blanks 2 arranged vertically opposite the conveying direction T is formed similarly to FIG. 10th

In the case of brick blanks 2 arranged vertically opposite the transport direction T, there is furthermore the possibility of choosing the arrangement of the rows of brick blanks 2 in the transport direction T or perpendicular thereto.

In the firing channel 9a, 9b shown in FIG. 10 in a section perpendicular to the conveying direction T, firing passages 36 are also provided in the conveying means, the bricks 2 with their peripheral portions being arranged on bridges 37. In these passages 36 also burners 42 and suction devices are alternately arranged, the burners 42 are preferably high speed burners which guarantee an optimal energy transfer to the brick blank 2.

The hot gas flows through the transverse holes 4 of the brick blank 2 from below and is deflected on the upper side of the firing channel 9a, 9b by the cover 43 and guided again by the brick blank 2 of the adjacent longitudinal row 3 of the transverse perforated brick blank 2.

The cover 43 is preferably corrugated, wherein one wave overlaps two adjacent longitudinal rows 1 of the brick blanks 2.

Also, when the blanks 2 are fired, the hot gases coming from the burners 42 are partially conditioned, i.e., the firing channel 9a, 9b is divided into regions. Therefore, it is possible to work with lower temperatures and conditioning to lower the temperatures closer to the value required for the desired thermal conductivity of the brick blanks 2. Preferably, substantially transverse flow prevails.

Low air or hot gas consumption will also result in lower emissions. As already mentioned, all the observed operations, namely the reloading of the dried brick blanks 2 in which they can easily be broken, and the packaging of the brick blanks 2, are carried out on one side of the apparatus in the area of the monitoring station 19. For example, in the case of the channels 13, 14, as well as the firing channels 9a, 9b, the plant can be equipped with only one common emission source 45, thereby saving compared to the two-emission sources used up to now.

In FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the apparatus in which a tandem feeder 44 is provided in the loading part. The fired brick blanks 2 arriving at the return line 22 are moved at the lowest level upstream of the firing channel 9a, 9b (arrow a). At the lowest level there are also dried brick blanks 2 fed by the device 17 for recirculating the drying device 8.

The tandem feeder 44 now grips together both the dried and fired brick blanks 2 and moves it together in the direction of the arrow c. The dried brick blanks 2 are therefore in the correct position for introduction into the firing channel 9a, 9b and the burnt brick blanks 2 can be packaged.

It is also possible to omit the return line device 17 and to reload the brick blanks 2 on the back of the device. However, the savings which result are associated with the disadvantage that the blanks 2 have no time for additional drying. Moreover, the reloading of the brick blanks 2 cannot be controlled from a central location without auxiliary means, and the entire device cannot be monitored by a single person.

Due to its simple construction, the device described is advantageous in terms of repair and maintenance and is relatively small despite its high performance. This also results in shorter construction times and lower production costs.

Claims (37)

Method for drying or burning brick blanks (2), such as transversely perforated brick blanks (2), wherein the brick blanks (2) are arranged in a single layer in the form of longitudinal rows (3) and transverse rows on the conveyor (12, 20) ) and drying is carried out with warm air, the mutual spacing (A, b) between the brick blanks (2) being such that all the brick blanks (2) are subjected to drying or burning as individual pieces, characterized in that the distance (A) between the longitudinal rows (3) arranged in the conveying direction (T) of the conveying means (12, 20) is greater than the distance (b) between the transverse rows, so that channels (K) are provided between the longitudinal rows (3) air. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing (b) of the brick blanks (2) with respect to one another within the longitudinal row (3) is less than or equal to four times the wall thickness (B) of the brick blank (2). ). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the brick blanks (2) are arranged with transverse holes (4) perpendicular to the conveying direction (T). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the brick blanks (2) are arranged with transverse holes (2) in the conveying direction (T). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the brick blanks (2) are arranged with transverse holes (4) vertically to the conveying direction (T). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the arrangement of the brick blanks (2) is the same for drying and for burning. Method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the channels (K) are alternately assigned with means for blowing air into the horizontally arranged transverse holes (4) and with means for exhausting air from the horizontally arranged transverse holes (4). Method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that hot gases coming from the burners (25, 42) are blown into the channels (K) between the transversely perforated brick blanks (2) when firing the brick blanks (2). Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the hot gases coming from the burners (25, 42) are led laterally to the brick blanks (2). Method according to claim 5, characterized in that, when drying the blanks (2) with transverse holes (4) arranged vertically to the transport direction (T), the transverse holes (4) are guided in adjacent longitudinal rows (3) of brick. (2) opposite air streams. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that, when firing brick blanks (2) with transverse holes (4) arranged vertically to the transport direction (T), the transverse holes (4) are guided in adjacent longitudinal rows (3) of brick. (2) opposite hot gas streams. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the drying air or the hot gases are overrun or possibly exaggerated through a longitudinal row (3) of the brick blanks (2) and, after reversing the direction, are guided or guided through the transverse holes (4). a brick blank (2) of an adjacent longitudinal row (3). Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the drying air or the hot gases coming from the burners (25, 42) are partially conditioned. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying as well as the burning are carried out in the same conveying direction (T). Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the drying air or the hot gases coming from the burners (25, 42) are each supplied from both ends of the channels (K). Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the inlet speeds of the drying air or of the hot gases supplied from the opposite ends of the channels (K) are different. Apparatus for drying or firing brick blanks (2), such as transverse perforated brick blanks (2), with a drying device (8) with at least one drying channel (13, 14) or with a baking oven (9) with at least one baking oven channel (9a, 9b), wherein at least one drying channel (13, 14) is provided in such moving conveying means (12) for drying or in at least one firing channel (9a, 9b) of the kiln (9) are arranged firing means (20) for storing the brick blanks (2), characterized in that at least one drying channel (13, 14) or firing furnace (9) is arranged side by side, and that the conveying means (12) for drying or the conveying means (20) for firing the blanks (2) are movable in the same direction, wherein only one inlet region of the at least one drying channel (13, 14) or a firing channel is formed the furnace (9), and wherein the air inlet nozzles (15) are alternately arranged in the drying device (8) and the air outlet nozzles (16) or the burner (9) are arranged in rows (25, 42) in rows. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the conveying means (12, 20) for the brick blanks (2) are formed by carriages, belts, air cushions or pipes. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the firing means (20) is provided with a floor (5) for receiving the brick blanks (2), wherein guiding means (K) between the brick blanks (2) are guided devices (31) that taper in the direction of the channel cover (K) and which are substantially inverted V-shaped. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the suction or delivery bodies (28) are alternately spaced apart from one another in the upper part of the drying device (8), the suction or delivery bodies (28) being displaceable. down and up, optionally in the direction of the channels (K) between the brick blanks (2). Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that a cover (35) is provided above the brick blanks (2), which is provided with slots for the passage of the suction or delivery bodies (28). Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the air supply nozzles (15) and the air exhaust nozzles (16) or the burners (25, 42) at the In each conveying cycle, the firings are arranged in the region of the channels (K) formed between the brick blanks (2). Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the floor (5) of the conveying means (12) is provided with side-by-side passages (36) arranged side by side, with bridges (37) formed between the passages (37) parts of two bricks (2) arranged side by side, the air blowing devices (38) and the air exhaust device (39) being alternately arranged in the passages (36) or under the floor (5) provided with the passages (36); recesses (40) corresponding to the passages (36) are provided in the upper part of the drying device (8), two of each of said recesses (40) being connected to each other to allow air to circulate. Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the air inlet is provided on both sides on the sides of the drying channel (13, 14), wherein the air inlet velocities of the two inlets are variable. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the firing means (20) has a floor (5) equipped with passages (36), wherein two intermediate bricks are arranged between the passages (36), (2) bridges (37) formed in the longitudinal row (3) of the brick blanks (2), that the burners (25, 42) and the suction device are alternately arranged in the passages (36) and in the firing channel (9a, 9b) above the brick a blank (38) is provided by the blanks (2) to allow reversal of the air guide. Apparatus according to one of claims 17, 23 or 25, characterized in that the conveying means (12, 20) passing through the drying channel (13, 14) or the firing channel (9a, 9b) are arranged closely one after the other. Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the burners (25, 42) are high-speed burners. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the air guide reversal cover (38) is corrugated, wherein one wave overlaps two adjacent longitudinal rows (3) of the brick blanks (2). Apparatus according to one of Claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the drying devices (8) comprise two drying channels (13, 14) arranged one above the other. Apparatus according to one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the firing furnace (9) comprises two firing channels (9a, 9b) arranged one above the other. Apparatus according to claim 17 or 29, characterized in that a device (17) is provided beneath one or both drying channels (13, 14) for returning the loaded conveying means (12) for drying. Apparatus according to claim 17 or 30, characterized in that a device (22) for the return of the loaded firing means (20) is arranged parallel to the firing furnace (9) but underneath. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the firing means (20) has a solid floor provided with bearing elements (24) for the brick blanks (2). Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that an air inlet pipe (33) provided with an air outlet slot is provided in the upper part of one or both of the drying channels (13, 14) and that the inlet pipe (33 ) of air is rotatable about its axis. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that one common emission source (45) is provided for drying or firing at the inlet side of the conveying means (12, 20) into the drying device (8) or into the kiln (9). . Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that a tandem feeder (44) is provided on the inlet side of the conveying means (12, 20) into the drying device (8) or the baking furnace (9), wherein the tandem feeder (44) is dried or fired. The bricks (2) guided at the lowest level back together are displaceable via corresponding return devices (15, 22). Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the suction or discharge devices (28) are designed as rectangular hollow bodies, provided with an air duct (29) for supplying and discharging air arranged at the top thereof, and that the suction or discharge devices (28) are provided. or the discharge bodies (28) are provided on the opposite side surfaces with openings (30) for air inlet and / or outlet. 8 drawings SK 282815 Β6 Fig. Fig. [0035] FIG. 6 fig. 7 fig. Fig. Ίθ SK 282815 Β6 End of document