SK36195A3 - Device for drying and/or firing of ceramic product - Google Patents

Abstract

The equipment comprises a run through drier and kiln, with channels for hot air, cold air or mixed air feed and discharge together with drying and firing zones. Along frames transport carriages move one above the other in tiers for the staged or continuous feed of the ceramic material through the zones. The transport carriages (1,15,16,17) have along their periphery box-type closed and possibly thermic insulating side walls (4) which tightly connect to other transport carriages either above or below in the frame tiers. They form the cover of the driver or firing kiln or one of their zones. To the cover and the thus formed shafts (19) tightly connect the hot air, cold air or mixed air feeds.

Description

(57) Annotation:

The device comprises conveying trolleys (1, 15, 16, 17) on which the hollow bricks (10) are conveyed by drying or firing zones. The conveying carriages (1, 15, 16, 17) are provided with closed side walls (3, 4, 5, 6) forming a frame arranged upstairs one above the other and forming a vertical shaft (19) which is connected to the channels (18, 21) for conducting hot air, cold air, mixed air or exhaust air or circulating air. The side walls (3, 4, 5, 6) can be heat insulated. The conveying trolleys (1, 15, 16, 17) are incrementally displaced by a path length which corresponds to the spacing of the individual vertical shafts (19, 23, 30 to 39).

- i ľ. 364- ariadenie £ Apparatus for drying and / or firing ceramic goods

Technical field

The invention relates to a device for drying and / or firing ceramic goods, in particular cavity bricks, comprising a continuous drier or an oven equipped with channels for supplying, extracting or transferring hot air. cold air or mixed air and conveying trolleys guided by drying or baking zones along the supporting rack elements, in particular on at least two levels one above the other, for intermittent or continuous passage of ceramic goods through the zones.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

US-PS 1 268 535 discloses a drying chamber which is formed in the form of a chamber and is divided by dividing walls into several successive passes. The conveying trolleys are open on the inner drying zones through which the dried goods conveying trolleys are opened to their front side for drying air enter their inner space and flow from one chamber to the next winding path. This drying requires a large amount of drying air to achieve a uniform drying result.

DE-OS 33 21 671 discloses a continuous dryer whose drying air circulates through the walls. In this embodiment, it is necessary to individually treat the drying air in each drying zone in order to gradually adapt to the course of drying the dried goods. It is also known a continuous dryer operating on the counter-current principle in which ventilation is carried out from the side. The hot air is conducted in other known embodiments, for example according to DE-PS 39 41 134, within 20 all sides of a closed oven or a baking furnace of several floors which are placed one above the other and 2a one above the other. For this embodiment, it is necessary to provide a complex closed body with walls which, however, remove and dissipate heat during drying or firing.

DE-C1 38 32 734 as well as 2 GB-A-152 505 disclose baking ovens or drying ovens in which the conveyor car walls are designed as oven walls or as parts of oven walls. Also known in the art are grate support surfaces for storing bricks or brick blocks during drying and firing as described in EP-A1-0 042 372 and DE-A1-927 839.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an embodiment of a drying and / or firing device in which the air flow is concentrated on the dried or fired goods and in which the energy balance is optimized by reducing the heat loss m.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by a device for drying and / or firing of ceramic goods, in particular hollows of new bricks, the principle of which is that the transport trolleys are provided at their periphery with closed and possibly thermally insulated side walls of the wall possibly continuing sealed to the side a transport trolley located on the shelves above or below it, from which the sheath of the drying or baking furnace or another zone is formed, and the sheath or the shaft thus formed are connected to the top, bottom or inlet channels for hot air, cold air or mixed air. In this way, frame conveying trolleys with peripheral point walls are formed by air ducts. Thus, in the solution according to the invention, the transport trolleys are located in the air duct, but the air flows directly through their interior space. Thus, in this embodiment, neither the drying rack in which the conveying trolleys are guided, for example, on rails, nor the walls or wall linings of the drying or baking furnace need be heated. This solution of the device according to the invention does not have to comprise peripheral walls which would be part of a drying or baking oven, so that the whole device is simpler, more cost-effective and easier to access. Heat losses can be kept at a very low level since the thermally effective flow during drying or firing only passes through those objects to be dried or fired. The device according to the invention comprises a rigidly arranged duct for the flow of air connected to the inlet and outlet connections, between which a transport trolley or a group of transport trolleys are moved in each case. After a dwell time of about 10 minutes has elapsed, the conveyance trolleys are moved and one step between the following inlet and outlet downstream ducts of the hot air ducts.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, each conveying trolley is divided transversely to the direction of passage through the drier or baking furnace, the partition wall and the partition wall, which is optionally thermally insulated, adjoins up and down sealed to the partition wall air ducting. Since the dryer or the kiln is divided into a plurality of, for example, ten consecutive zones in which one of the chains of conveying trolleys is fed in by intermittent movement, the conveying trolley can be stowed or the conveying trolleys can be stowed in one zone or larger dimensions of transport trolleys in two zones. As already mentioned, the bearing surface is optionally divided by a thermally insulated partition wall into two subframes which form a jacket of one zone at a time. According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the conveyors are arranged on two floors one above the other, in particular one layer facing cavities, the walls in one plane or at least provided with a grate surface of cavity bricks with vertical shafts formed by closed side walls of these conveyors are arranged in a row in the passage direction of the drier or baking oven and are interconnected upwardly in pairs and offset by one shaft also downwards to create a meandering air flow in the air ducts. The shafts formed by the side walls of one trolley or a group of stacked conveying trolleys and the firing shafts are arranged, for example, in four serving as drying or in series, and the conveying trolleys or five floors are moved by intermittent steps upstream, e.g. or which still has five floors above each other, the brick goods thus encounter and an ever lower invention rests with air having an ever higher humidity temperature. Alternatively, the conveying trolleys arranged in one plane or above each other are provided with a slatted bearing surface for in particular one layer of cavity bricks with vertically oriented cavities, the closed side walls of these conveying trolleys being formed vertical shafts and two adjacent ones. side-by-side shafts are connected at the top and bottom of the air duct to the fan to guide the air around the circuit to form individual drying or firing units. The drying air or the hot firing gases are circulated through two shafts formed by the side walls of the conveying trolleys, which are connected to each other at the top and bottom for a short time. Air or gas circulation in this drying or firing unit is provided by a fan. In this embodiment, it is advantageous to arrange a plurality of drying or firing units one after the other and interconnect the channel. channels

The flow cross-sections or ducts are thus controlled by the amount of fed in the entire circuit or its interconnecting cross-sections of these interfaces, for example by a damper, and the exhausted hot air of the individual stages. The overall arrangement is advantageous for baking ovens in which the hot gas conduit is part of a drying or baking unit circuit and in which a branching piece of gas is discharged from the circuit to the circuit of another unit and from there it is led to the conveying trolleys through the dryer. to the direction of gas flow from to the other, wherein the units, wherein or by firing one unit with hot gases from the cooling trolleys, to the burner.

unit from which the unit supplied to one burner is connected at least one considered in the direction of transport

Overview of the figures in the drawing

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is an axonometric view of a perforated brick conveyor cart passing through a drying chamber and a baking oven; FIG. a longitudinal side cross-sectional view of the conveyance truck shown partially in FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of a conveyor truck; FIG. 4 shows a front view of a group of transport trolleys stacked one above the other in a drying rack, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of two side-by-side shafts with conveying trolleys, the shafts being connected up and down to the air ducts; FIG. Fig. 6 is a side view of pairs of shafts coupled to individual units provided with a fan to provide air circulation, in particular hot firing air; 7 shows the principle of supplying the units of FIG. 6 with hot gases from the burners through air branch and transfer channels.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

At the core of the ceramic chamber drying chamber, in particular the conveying trolleys 7 which are and the baking furnace for the production of hollow bricks 10 and blocks, are moved over the rails 2 over several floors over the drying chamber and the baking furnace. The transport trolleys 1 have a closed box frame constructed of side walls 3, 4, 5, 6, which surround a grate 7 of flat steel rails erected in height. The rollers 8, 9 are mounted on two opposing side walls 3, 5. The transport trolley 1 takes up one layer of cavity bricks 10, which are mounted with their holes in a vertical position on the grate 7, as can be seen from FIG. 2. The side walls 3, 4, 5, 6 are folded up and down into the projecting flanges 11, 12. As can be seen from FIG. 4, in the rack 13 the transport trolleys 7, 15, 16, 17 are mounted on the rails 2 and are guided on four floors one above the other. Flanges 11. The 12 individual transport carriages 7, 15, 16, 17 are stacked tightly. The alternating edge flanges can also be provided with interlocking labyrinth seals in the direction of travel of the transport carriages 1. In the basic position of the conveyance trolleys 1, 5, 16, 17, the side walls 3, 4, 5, 6 and immediately above the stabbing walls form

3, 4, 5, 6 of the upper floor a tight jacket of a drying device or a baking furnace that surrounds the bricks W. This jacket surrounds the shaft 19.

In FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of a plurality of transport carriages 1, 15, 16, 17. This group is in a position in which the hot air duct 18 is positioned directly opposite the lower opening of the transport trolley 1 and abuts against its lower flange 12. The hot air duct 18 thus forms a continuation of the shaft 19 formed by the jacket of the side walls 3,

4, 5, 6 of the conveyance trolleys 1, 15, 16, 17 and passing up sealed by means of a flange 20 to a bypass duct 21 in which the fan 22 is mounted. The bypass duct 21 is connected at its other end to the upper mouth of the second shaft 23. is formed of conveying carriages 24, 25, 26, 27, which are identical in design to the first conveying carriages. The hot air flowing from the heat exchanger passes through the holes of the cavity bricks 10 in both shafts 19, 23 and flows around the outer surfaces of the cavity bricks 10, so that an intensive drying effect occurs. The device according to the invention comprises a plurality of such assemblies so that a continuous dryer is formed. Hot air flows from left to right, absorbs moisture and gradually becomes more and more cool. The continuous dryer thus works on the counter-current principle. Four transport trolleys 1, 15 are always loaded outside this drying chamber.

The hollow bricks 10 are then inserted into a continuous dryer. For example, ten assembled groups of conveying trolleys 7, 15, 16, 17 according to FIG. 55. The cycle or dwell time of one of the groups comprising four stacked conveyors 15, 16, 16, 17 in one position is, for example, 5 minutes, so that the inserted four-member group of transport trucks 7, 15, 16, 17 leaves the continuous twenty-step drying oven, each lasting five minutes. Transport trolleys f.

15, 16, 17 extending 2 of the continuous dryer are then unloaded, and a group of empty transport trolleys 7, 15, 16, 17 are then conveyed by an external rail to the loading station before entering the continuous dryer.

If the side walls 3, 4, 5, 6 of the transport trucks 1, 15,

16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27 made of refractory and thermally insulating material, it is then possible to operate the firing furnace for firing hollow bricks 10 on the same principle. The temperatures in this firing furnace are higher than in a continuous drier and cycle, eventually the dwell time is adapted to the requirements for firing of ceramic masses. The baking furnace can be placed immediately after the continuous dryer. In this solution, conveying trolleys 1, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27 made of refractory and thermally insulating material can be used as they pass through the continuous dryer and can then be inserted directly into the baking oven. However, an embodiment is also possible in which the drying trolleys are made of 2 steel sheet and the bricks are, after drying, transferred to firing trolleys of refractory and heat-insulating material.

In FIG. 6, shafts 30, 31 are shown schematically. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, which are also formed by side walls superposed and abutting stacking carts 40, 41. 42, 43 as shown in FIG. 4. However, unlike the conveying carriages 1, 15, 16, 17-from the previous examples, these carriages are divided in the middle and comprise bricks which are each mounted in two adjacent shafts 30, 31. Spacings and dimensions of this equipment and transport trolleys. 42, 43 are chosen by lacquer that when moving the transport trolleys 40, 41. In each case by one half of their length, the shafts 30 to 39 thus formed always come into position. in which they are located on the one hand against the air intake ducts 44 and on the other hand against the bypass ducts 45. In the air intake ducts 44 there are fans 46 which maintain the circulation of hot air in the circuit thus formed of the shaft 30, the air inlet duct 41, the second shaft 31 and the bypass duct 45. In FIG. 6 shows the heels of such units 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 each with two shafts 30-39. The first unit 47 is supplied with hot air from one of the burners and circulates the hot air therein. A portion of the hot air is fed via a duct 52 with a regulating flap to the second unit 48 and then analogously to the other units 49, 50, 51. The passage of air through the carriages 40, 41, 42, 43 takes place from left to right, i.e. in an upstream configuration.

On the [0035] FIG. 7 is a units 47 until 51 example is a hot i

FIG. return a schematic diagram of five in another exemplary combination. In this air 54 produced by the baking furnace burner 53, which supplies the hot air 54 to the third unit 49. The other units 50, 51 are supplied through the bypasses 55 with hot air from the respective upstream unit. The first two units 47, 48 are supplied with fresh air 56, with a portion of the consumed air 57 from the first unit 47 being admixed with the fresh air 56 of the second unit 48. Part of the additional consumed air 58 from the second unit 48 is supplied to the burner inlet 53 and also to the dryer 59. The conveyor carriages pass through the apparatus in the direction of the arrow 60. Also in the firing furnace with the arrangement shown in principle 7, the conveyor carriages downstream of the unit 47 are unloaded and return the rails to the starting point before entering the firing furnace where they are loaded with a new batch of bricks. The transport trolleys are attached to the circulating chain and are transported by a step dryer and furnace. Return of empty transport trolleys is done by accelerated movement.

r in ^ 0Ί ~ Ί &

Claims (6)

transferring hot mixed air; and An apparatus for drying and / or firing ceramic goods, in particular hollow bricks, comprising a continuous drier or an oven equipped with channels for supply, exhaust or air. cold air or conveying trolleys guided by drying or firing zones on supported shelf elements, in particular on at least two levels above one another for intermittent or continuous passage of ceramic goods through the zones, characterized in that the conveying trolleys (1, 15, 16, 17, 24-27. 40-43) are provided with enclosures at their periphery with those and possibly thermally insulated side walls adjoining the side walls in a sealed manner (3, 4, 5, 6) any other transport trolley (1, 15, 16, 17, 24-27. 40-43). located on the shelf floors above or below it, from which the jacket of the drying or baking furnace or another zone is formed, whereby the enclosed i (3, 4, 5, 6) jacket, respectively, is connected by a tight or bypass shaft thus formed ( 19, 23, 30-39) up, the channels y fall (18, 21, into 1 e 44th supply, exhaust, 45) for hot air, cold air or mixed air. Device according to claim 1, characterized by. that each conveying trolley (1, 15, 16, 17, 24-27, 40-43) has its loading surface divided transversely to the direction of passage through the drier or baking furnace by a partition and this partition, which is optionally thermally insulated, adjoins upwards and bottom sealed onto the partition wall of another transport trolley (1, 15, 16, 17, 24 - 27, 40 - 43), or air ducts. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device is as follows. that transport trucks (1, 15, 16, 17, 24-27, 40-43) arranged in one plane or in at least two Elevations above each other are provided with a grate surface (7) for, in particular, one layer of cavity bricks (10) with vertically oriented cavities, the shafts (19, 23) formed by the closed side walls (3, 4, 5, 6) of these transport trolleys (7). 1, 15, 16, 17, 24 - 27) are arranged in a row in the passage direction of the dryer or baking oven and are connected to each other in pairs up and offset by one shaft also down to create a meandering air flow in the air ducts (18 , 21) for air guidance. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conveying trolleys 40-43) arranged in one plane or on top of one another are provided with a grate support surface (7) for in particular one layer of cavity bricks (10) with vertically oriented cavities wherein the closed side walls (3, 4, 5, 6) of these conveying trolleys (40-43) are formed by vertical shafts (30-39) and two adjacent shafts (30, 31; 32, 33; 34; , 35; 36, 37; 38, 39) are connected up and down to the air duct (44, 45) with a fan (46) to guide the air around the circuit to form individual drying or baking units (47, 48, 49, 50, 51). Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the drying or firing units (47-51) are arranged one behind the other and interconnected by means of branch channels (52). Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the hot air duct at the burner (53) is connected to a circuit of a drying or baking unit (49) and a bypass duct (55) is led out of this circuit for guiding air to the next circuit. unit (51), wherein the direction of passage of the conveying trolleys through the dryer or baking furnace is opposite to the air flow from one unit (47-51) to the next unit (48-51), with the unit (49) supplied with the hot gas burner (53). at least one cooling unit (47, 48) in the direction of passage of the conveyance trolleys, the spent air of which is optionally supplied to the burner (53). List of reference numbers used transport truck 33 shaft track n i ca 34 shaft side wall 35 shaft side wall 36 shaft side wall 37 shaft side wall 38 shaft grill 39 shaft traveling pulley 40 transport cart traveling pulley 41 transport truck hollow brick 42 transport truck fowl 43 transport truck fowl 44 supply channel bookshelf 45 bypass channel transport truck 46 ventilator transport truck 47 unit transport truck 48 j ednotka hot air channel 49 unit shaft 50 j ednotka pr1 rúba 51 j ednotka bypass channel 52 branch channel ventilator 53 burner second shaft 54 hot air transport truck 55 bypass channel transport truck 56 fresh air transport truck 57 air consumption transport truck 58 air consumption shaft 59 oven shaft 60 arrow shaft Pi / co M £> ABOUT Φ r -C Fig. rSSSSSE kss .- ^ sssl ⁵ kwwvevw is- '